GB2318140A - Preform cutting element having chip-breaking formation - Google Patents
Preform cutting element having chip-breaking formation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2318140A GB2318140A GB9721407A GB9721407A GB2318140A GB 2318140 A GB2318140 A GB 2318140A GB 9721407 A GB9721407 A GB 9721407A GB 9721407 A GB9721407 A GB 9721407A GB 2318140 A GB2318140 A GB 2318140A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cutting element
- element according
- cutting
- facing table
- front surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 45
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 8
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/5673—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a non planar or non circular cutting face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/5671—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts with chip breaking arrangements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
- E21B10/5735—Interface between the substrate and the cutting element
Abstract
A preform cutting element for a rotary drag-type drill bit comprises a front facing table (10) of superhard material having a front surface (14), a peripheral surface, a rear surface bonded to a substrate (11) of less hard material and a cutting edge (12) formed by at least part of the junction between the front surface and the peripheral surface. The front surface of the facing table is formed with a chip breaking formation (15) which is located adjacent a part of the cutting edge. The formation is shaped such that cuttings formed at the cutting edge are deflected transversely of the cutting face. The chip breaking formation may comprise a groove, a rebate, a ridge or an insert.
Description
2318140 "Improvements in or relating to preform cutting elements for
rot@1y drill bits" The invention relates to preform cutting elements for rotary drag-type drill bits, for use in drifting or coring holes in subsurface formations, and of the kind comprising a bit body having a shank for connection to a drill stringa plurality of cutting elements mounted at the surface of the bit body, and a passage in the bit body for supplying drilling fluid to the surface of the bit body for cooling and/or cleaning the cutters. Each cutting element comprises a front facing table of superhard material bonded to a less hard substrate.
The cutting element may be mounted on a carrier, also of a material which is less hard than the superhard material, which is mounted on the body of the drill bit, for example, is secured within a socket on the bit body. Alternatively, the cutting element may be mounted directly on the bit body, for example the substrate may be of sufficient axial length that it may itself be secured within a socket on the bit body.
In drag-type drill bits of this kind the bit body may be machined from metal, usually steel, and sockets to receive the carriers or the cutting elements themselves are machined in the bit body. Alternatively, the bit body may be moulded from tungsten carbide matrix material using a powder metallurgy process.
Drag-type drill bits of this kind are particularly suitable for drilling softer formations. However, when drilling soft, sticky shale formations in a water based mud environment, and in other similar conditions, there may be a tendency for the shavings or chips of formation gouged from the surface of the borehole not to separate from the sudace and to be held down on the surface of the formation by the subsequent passage 2 over the shaving or chip of other cutters and parts of the drill bit. Also, there may be a tendency for such material to adhere to the surface of the bit body, a phenomenon known as "bit ballinJ, eventually resulting in the bit becoming inegective for further drilling.
In order to alleviate or overcome this problem, the facing table may be formed with a chip breaker which serves to break the shaving or chip of formation into fragments as it passes over the front surface of the cutting element, thus enabling the particles to be entrained in the flow of drilling fluid, and swept away from the cutting element, so that they are not held down on the formation or do not adhere to the bit.
The present invention sets out to provide improved forms of chip breakers for preform cutting elements for rotary drag-type drill bits.
According to the invention there is provided a preform cutting element for a rotary drag-type drill bit, comprising a front facing table of superhard material having a front surface, a peripheral surface, a rear surface bonded to a substrate of less hard material, and a cutting edge formed by at least part of the junction between the front surface and the peripheral surface, the front s of the facing table being formed with a formation which is located adjacent at least a part of the cutting edge and is shaped to deflect transversely of the front surface of the facing table cuttings which, in use, are removed by the cutting edge from the formation being drilled.
The cutting element may be circular or part-circular in shape and said formation may extend around part or all of an outer marginal portion of the front surface of the facing table.
3 In one embodiment of the invention said formation may comprise a groove formed in said front surface of the facing table adjacent the cutting edge. The groove may have an outer edge which is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge. The outer edge of the groove is preferably spaced a substantially constant distance from the cutting edge.
The groove may be smoothly and concavely curved in cross-section. For example, it may be part-circular in cross-section. Alternatively, the groove may be V shaped in cross-section, or of any other cross-sectional shape.
There may be formed in the groove a plurality of protrusions spaced apart longitudinally of the groove. Each protrusion may have an upper surface which lies at substantially the same level as the front surface of the facing table. Each protrusion may extend transversely across the groove, for example across substantially the full width of the groove. Each protrusion may be elongate and inclined at an angle of 90', or less than 90% to the length of the groove.
All the protrusions may be inclined at substantially the same angle to the length of the groove, or adjacent protrusions may be inclined at opposite and equal angles to the length of the groove. Each protrusion may be straight or curved as it extends across the groove. In an alternative arrangement each protrusion is generally circular in cross section.
A portion of the front surface of the facing table between the groove and the cutting edge may be configured to upstand from that surface. For example, said portion of the surface may be formed with upstanding serrations. Said serrations may fill the 4 space between the outer edge of the groove and the cutting edge, the cutting edge then being defined by parts of said serrations.
In another embodiment of the invention, said formation may comprise a peripheral rebate at the junction between the front surface and the peripheral surface of the front facing table, the cutting edge being defined by the junction between the rebate and the peripheral surface.
The rebate may be smoothly and concavely curved, angular, or stepped in crosssection.
There may be formed in the rebate a plurality of protrusions spaced apart longitudinally of the rebate. Each protrusion may have an upper surface which lies at substantially the same level as the front surfitce of the facing table. Each protrusion may extend transversely across the rebate, and may extend substantially the full width of the rebate. Each protrusion may be elongate and inclined at an angle of 900, or less than 90', to the length of rebate. Each protrusion may be straight or curved as it extends across the rebate.
In the case where the rebate is stepped in cross-section, there may be provided at least two steps between the front surface of the facing table and the cutting edge.
Each step may be substantially equally spaced from the cutting edge along substantially the whole length of the step. Alternatively, in the case where the cutting edge of the facing table is convexly curved, each step may be curved at a larger radius than the cutting edge so that each end of the step intercepts the cutting edge. Each step may be substantially straight.
in any of the above arrangements the rebate may include a bottom wall extending away from the cutting edge and a side wall upstanding from the bottom wall and extending towards the front surface of the facing table, said side wall including at least two portions on each side of an apex directed towards the cutting edge whereby, in use, chips removed by the cutting edge and passing across the rebate are deflected to both sides of the apex.
In a further embodiment of the invention the formation on the front surface of the facing table may comprise at least one protrusion which upstands from said front surface.
The protrusion may comprise a ridge formed on said front surface adjacent the cutting edge. The ridge may have an outer edge which is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge. The outer edge of the groove is preferably spaced a substantially constant distance from the cutting edge. The ridge may, for example be rectangular or curved ih cross-section.
In a further embodiment of the invention the formation on the front surface of the facing table may comprise a recess which extends across a major part of the front surface and has an outer edge which is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge.
Preferably the outer edge of the recess is spaced a constant distance from the cutting edge. The recess may be smoothly and concavely curved in cross-section. The recess may be concentric with the front sur-face of the facing table.
In any of the above embodiments said formation on the front surface of the facing table may be formed during formation of the superhard facing table in a high 6 pressure, high temperature press.
Alternatively, the formation may be formed on the facing table by a shaping operation carried out subsequent to formation of the superhard facing table.
In a still finther embodiment of the invention, the formation on the front surface of the facing table may be provided by an insert which is received in a socket in the cutting element adjacent the cutting edge thereof, the insert including a part which is upstanding from the front surface of the facing table.
The insert and socket may be substantially circular in cross-section. At least the part of the insert which is received in the socket may be cylindrical. The socket and insert may extend through substantially the whole thickness of the cutting element.
The upstanding part of the insert may be domed, and the outer periphery of the dome preferably lies at the same level as the front surface of the facing table.
Alternatively, the upstanding part of the insert may have a front surface which is inclined away from the front surface of the facing table as it extends away from the cutting edge. The edge of said inclined surface nearest the cutting edge of the facing table preferably lies at the same level as the front surface of the facing table.
The insert may comprise a front layer of superhard material bonded to a substrate of less hard material, the superhard material forming the front surface of the upstanding part of the insert.
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1-8 are diagrammatic sectional views through various forms of preform 7 cutting element in accordance with the invention, Figure 9 is a diagranunatic perspective view of an alternative form of element, Figure 10 is a cross section through the cutting element of Figure 9, Figures 11 to 13 are similar sectional views of further forms of cutting element, Figure 14 is a diagrammatic section, on an enlarged scale, through a chip breaker groove, cutting element, Figures 15 to 19 are plan views of cutting elements incorporating chip breakers, Figure 20 is a part-section through a finiher cutting element incorporating a chip breaker, Figure 21 is a diagrammatic part perspective view of the cutter of Figure 20, Figures 22 and 23 are perspective views of still further forms of cutting element, Figures 24 and 25 are diagrammatic sectional views through still further forms of cutting element, and Figure 26 is a plan view of a component used in the manufacture of the cutting elements of Figures 24 and 25.
Figure 1 shows in cross-section part of a circular preform cutting element for a rotary drag-type drill bit. The cutting element comprises a front facing table 10 of polycrystalfine diamond bonded, in a high pressure, high temperature press, to a substrate 11 of less hard material, such as cemented tungsten carbide. The manner of manufacture of preform cutting elements of this general kind are well known and will not therefore be described in detail.
As is also well known, the cutting element may be mounted on a bit body by the 8 substrate 11 being directly received and secured within a socket in the bit body. The element may be secured, for example, by brazing or by shrink fitting. Alternatively, the substrate 11 may be brazed to a carrier, which may be in the form of a part-cylindrical stud or post, which is then in turn brazed or shrink-fitted in an appropriately shaped socket in the bit body.
An exposed part of the periphery of the facing table 10 forms a cutting edge 12 which engages the formation 13 during drilling.
Polycrystalline diamond cutting elements of this kind are generally set on the drill bit so that the front cutting face 14 of the cutting element is at 15'- 20' negative back rake. That is to say the front surface 14 leans forwards in the direction of movement of the cutter as it acts on the formation. While this is suitable for the majority of formations, it may be advantageous for the front face of the cutting element to be inclined at a positive rake angle since this may cause the soft formation to shear more easily. Figure 1 shows an arrangement where this may be achieved automatically without the necessity of changing the drill bit.
For this purpose the front fiLee 14 of the diamond facing table 10 is formed with a concave chip breaker groove 15 which extends around or across part of the marginal portion of the facing table adjacent the cutting edge 12 and spaced inwardly a short distance from the cutting edge.
When cutting harder formations the cutting edge penetrates only a short distance into the formation and the active portion of the front face 14 is therefore the small portion 16 between the cutting edge 12 and the chip breaker groove 15 which, as shown, 9 is arranged at a negative back rake angle of 15'-20'. However, if a softer formation is encountered the cutting edge 12 will penetrate more deeply into the formation with the result that a proportion of the depth of the formation will bear against that part 17 of the groove 15 which is nearest to the cutting edge and which is arranged at a positive rake angle of 15'-30'. This provides the more aggressive shearing action appropriate for a softer formation.
At the same time, of course, the part of the groove 15 which is further from the cutting edge 12 serves as a chip breaker, causing break up of shavings or chips cut from the formation as they pass upwardly over the front of the cutting element. The broken up chips are then more easily dispersed in the drilling fluid which will normally be flowing under pressure over the cutting element as drilling progresses, and will thus be prevented from adhering to the drill bit or being held down against the formation.
In the arrangement of Figure 1 the facing table 10 is thicker than the maximum depth of the groove 15. In the alternative arrangement in Figure 2 the substrate 18 has a shaped surface 19 to which the diamond facing table 20 is applied and the chip breaker groove 21 in the facing table corresponds to a sirndar groove 22 in the face 19 of the substrate, so that the facing table 20 is of substantially constant thickness.
In the arrangement of Figure 3 the polycrystaffine diamond facing table 23 is formed with a cylindrical chip breaker groove 24 so that, as a shaving or chip is fifted from the formation by the cutting element it passes upwardly across the front face of the groove 24 and the curved surface tends to cause it to break into fragments. The particles can be readily washed away by the drilling fluid.
In this arrangement however, the part of the facing table 23 and substrate 25 to the rear of the cutting edge 26 are chamfered as indicated at 27, for example is conically chamfered, to provide a shallow relief angle to reduce the flictional engagement between the cutting element and the formation behind the cutting edge 26.
Figures 4-8 show other configurations of the facing table 28, bonded to a tungsten carbide substrate 29 to form a chip breaker.
In the arrangement of Figure 4 the chip breaker is a rectangular section peripheral groove or rebate 30. In Figure 5 it is a concave peripheral rebate 3 1. In Figure 6 the chip breaker groove has a stepped section as indicated at 32. Figure 7 shows an arrangement where the chip breaker is in the form of a central saucer-shaped recess 33 in the front face of the facing table. Figure 8 shows an arrangement where a chip breaker comprises an upstanding bar 34 on the front face of the facing table 28.
The bar 34 may be straight or may be curved so as to be generally parallel to the curved cutting edge 35 of the cutting element. The bar 34 may be formed by grinding the front surface of the facing table 28 or it may be sinter moulded on the front face of the facing table during manufacture.
In the arrangements of Figures 4-8, and indeed in any chip breaker formation on a polycrystalline diamond cutting element, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technology may be used to apply, for example, a TiN coating to the front surface of the facing table, including the chip breaker formation, to reduce friction and chemical affinity, so as to further reduce any tendency for chips of formation to adhere to the cutting element.
11 In all of the arrangements described above the chip breaker forTnation has been in the form of a continuous groove or rebate. Figures 9 and 10 show a further arrangement, in accordance with the invention, where a peripheral chip breaker groove 36 on the facing table 37 of a cutting element is formed with a plurality of equally spaced radial ridges 38 extending across the groove 36. These ridges modify the shape and direction of the chip of formation as it passes across the chip breaker groove and aids bit cleaning.
Figure 11 shows an alternative arrangement where the chip breaker groove 39 is spaced radially inwardly from the cutting edge 40 of the facing table. In this case also radially extending ridges 41 are spaced apart around the annular groove 39.
Figure 13 shows a further arrangement in which the chip breaker groove 42 is V-shaped in cross section and is formed with radial spaced ridges 43. In this case the facing table 44 is of substantially constant thickness, the chip breaker groove 42 in the facing table lying opposite a similar Vshaped groove 45 formed in the surface of the substrate 46.
In the arrangement of Figure 12 the chip breaker comprises a circle of bumpy protrusions 47 on the front face 48 of the facing table 49, the protrusions being spaced inwardly from the peripheral cutting edge of the facing table. As in the arrangement of Figure 8, the protrusions may be formed by grinding the facing table or by forming the protrusions by sintering when the cutting element is manufactured.
In any of the arrangements of Figures 4-13, the chip break grooves may also be formed by plunge EDM.
12 Figure 14 shows on an enlarged scale a concave chip breaker groove 50 in the facing table 51 of a cutting element where protrusions or bumps 52 are formed over the surface of the groove 50 to reduce fliction between the chip and the groove as it passes over the surface of the groove.
In the arrangements of Figures 9-13, the ridges in the chip breaker groove are described as being radial. Figures 15-19 are plan views of other forms of cutting element where the ridges are of difTerent shapes and orientations so as to control the passage of chips of formation as they pass over the groove from the cutting edge.
In the arrangement of Figure 15 the annular chip breaker groove 53 is formed with spaced transverse ridges 54 which are inclined at an angle to a radius of the cutting element which passes through each ridge. The angled ridges cause deviation of the chips of formation in a peripheral direction as the chips pass across the face of the cutting element, as indicated by the arrows 55. This further breaks up the chippings.
The breaking up of the chippings is also enhanced by the arrangement of Figure 16 where alternate ridges 56 in the annular chip breaker groove 57 are inclined in opposite directions.
Figure 17 shows a construction where chippings of formation are further broken up, and friction is reduced, by domed protrusions 58 spaced apart around the chip breaker groove 59.
The arrangement of Figure 18 is somewhat similar to that of Figure 15, but in this case the transverse ridges 60 are curved as well as being angled as they extend inwardly from the cutting edge of the element.
13 Figure 19 shows a further modified arrangement in which the ridges 61 have a double curvature.
In the arrangements of Figures 15, 16, 18 and 19 the angled protrusions in the chip-breaking groove can serve to control the direction taken by the cuttings as they are 5 broken from the formation.
Protrusions of the kind shown in Figures 15-19 may also be provided in the rebate 36 in the arrangement of Figures 9 and 10. Similarly the radial protrusions 38 in Figures 9 and 10 may be used in the grooves of arrangements, similar to Figures 15-19, where the groove is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge.
Figures 20 and 21 show a finther chip breaker arrangement where the basic chip breaker groove 62, similar to the groove in the Figure 2 arrangement, is supplemented by a toothed or serrated lip 63 outwardly of the pedpheral groove 62 and forming a serrated cutting edge for the facing table 64 of the cutting element.
In all of the above arrangements where there is provided a single chip breaker groove adjacent the cutting edge of the cutting element, the chip breaker will only be fiffly effective when the cutting element is new and will increasingly lose its effectiveness as a wear flat forms on the cutting element.
Figure 22 shows an arrangement where the front face 65 of the facing table of the cutting element is formed with a stepped rebate 66, 67 and 68 extending away from the cutting edge 69. When the cutting element is new the outermost step 66 performs the bulk of the chip breaking function, but as the element wears, and the portion carrying the step 66 wears away, the next inner step 67 takes over the chip breaking function., 14 and so on. Preferably the steps are slightly curved, as shown, to match the profile of the adjacent formation formed by a number of similar cutting elements side-by-side and overlapping.
The multi-stepped arrangement of Figure 22 is also particularly advantageous for use in interbedded formations, since the steps can break up cuttings over a wide range of penetration rates.
In the construction of Figure 23, the polycrystalline diamond facing table 70 of the cutting element is formed with a two-lobed rebate 71 to provide an upstanding land 72 on the surface which is generally in the shape of a snow plough. The curved edges 73 of the land are so located and shaped that a chipping of formation cut by the cutting edge 74 passes across the rebate 71 and is split and diverted in two opposing directions by the land 72, and is thus broken up and prevented from adhering to the cutting element.
In Figure 24 a preform cutting element 75 is formed with a through-hole 76 of circular or other cross sectional shape in which is brazed an insert 77 having a domed outer surface 78. The insert 77 is of the same general construction as the main part of the cutting element, comprising a polycrystalline diamond facing table 79 bonded to a tungsten carbide substrate portion 80. Alternatively, the insert 77 may be formed from plain tungsten carbide alone. The combination cutting element is shown brazed to a carrier 8 1.
The insert 80, which is nearer the cutting edge 82 serves as a chip breaker and also serves to increase the negative back rake of the cutting element with wear, which may be advantageous with some types of formation.
Figure 25 shows a similar arrangement, but in this case the insert 83 has a flat planar surface 84 to increase the back rake with wear.
Figure 26 is a front view of the basic preform cutting element formed with a circular aperture 85 ready to receive the inserts 77 or 83. The cutting element and insert may each be of any appropriate diameter. For example, the cutting element may be of 19mm diameter and the insert of 8nun or Omm diameter, or the cutting element may be of Omm diameter and the insert of 8mm diameter. The insert 77 or 83 may be brazed into the aperture 85 after the main part of the element has been bonded to the carrier 8 1.
The element shown in Figure 26 may also be used as a low cost cutter for a rotary drill bit by simply filling the aperture 85 with a cylindrical plug of tungsten carbide which may be brazed into place at the same time as the cutter 75 is brazed into the bit body. Such a cutter would, in use, achieve 39% wear before the wear flat reaches the carbide plug, rendering the cutter ineffective.
In any of the cutting elements according to the invention, the interface between the facing table and substrate may be non-planar and configured, instead of being substantially flat, so as to improve the bond between the facing table and substrate and also to provide other advantages, as is well known in the art. Alternatively or in addition, there may be provided between the facing table and the substrate a transition layer which may, for example, have certain characteristics, such as hardness, which are intermediate the corresponding characteristics of the facing table and substrate.
Claims (56)
1. A preform cutting element for a rotary drag-type drill bit, comprising a front facing table of superhard material having a front surface, a peripheral surface, a rear surface bonded to a substrate of less hard material, and a cutting edge formed by at least 5 part of the junction between the front surface and the peripheral surface, the front surface of the facing table being formed with a formation which is located adjacent at least a part of the cutting edge and is shaped to deflect transversely of the front surface of the facing table cuttings which, in use, are removed by the cutting edge from the formation being drilled.
2. A cutting element according to Claim 1, wherein the cutting element is circular or part-circular in shape.
3. A cutting element according to Claim 2, wherein said formation extends around at least part of an outer marginal portion of the front surface of the facing table.
4. A cutting element according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said formation 15 comprises a groove formed in said front surface of the facing table adjacent the cutting edge.
5. A cutting element according to Claim 4, wherein the groove has an outer edge which is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge.
6. A cutting element according to Claim 4, wherein the outer edge of the groove is spaced a substantially constant distance from the cutting edge.
7. A cutting element according to any of Claims 4 to 6, wherein the groove is smoothly and concavely curved in cross-section.
17
8. A cutting element according to Claim 7, wherein the groove is partcircular in cross-section.
9. A cutting element according to any of Claims 4 to 6, wherein the groove is Vshaped in cross-section.
10. A cutting element according to any of Claims 4 to 9, wherein there is formed in the groove a plurality of protrusions spaced apart longitudinally of the groove.
11. A cutting element according to Claim 10, wherein each protrusion has an upper surface which lies at substantially the same level as the ftont surface of the facing table.
12. A cutting element according to Claim 10 or Claim 11, wherein each protrusion extends transversely across the groove.
13. A cutting element according to Claim 12, wherein each protrusion extends across substantially the full width of the groove.
14. A cutting element according to any of Claims 10 to 13, wherein each protrusion is elongate and inclined at an angle of 90' to the length of the groove.
15. A cutting element according to any of Claims 10 to 13, wherein each protrusion is elongate and inclined at an angle of less than 90' to the length of the groove.
16. A cutting element according to Claim 15, wherein all the protrusions are inclined at substantially the same angle to the length of the groove.
17. A cutting element according to Claim 15, wherein adjacent protrusions are inclined at opposite and equal angles to the length of the groove.
18. A cutting element according to any of Claims 4 to 17, wherein a portion of the front surface of the facing table between the groove and the cutting edge is configured 18 to upstand from that surface.
19. A cutting element according to Claim 18, wherein said portion of the surface is formed with upstanding serrations.
20. A cutting element according to Claim 19, wherein said serrations fill the space 5 between the outer edge of the groove and the cutting edge, the cutting edge then being defined by parts of said serrations.
21. A cutting element according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein said formation comprises a peripheral rebate at the junction between the front surface and the peripheral surface of the front facing table, the cutting edge being defined by the junction between the rebate and the peripheral surface.
22. A cutting element according to Claim 2 1, wherein the rebate is smoothly and concavely curved in cross-section.
23. A cutting element according to Claim 2 1, wherein the rebate is angular in crosssection.
24. A cutting element according to Claim 21, wherein the rebate is stepped in cross- section.
25. A cutting element according to any of Claims 21 to 24, wherein there is formed in the rebate a plurality of protrusions spaced apart longitudinally of the rebate.
26. A cutting element according to Claim 25, wherein each protrusion has an upper 20 surface which lies at substantially the same level as the front surface of the facing table.
27. A cutting element according to Claim 25 or Claim 26, wherein each protrusion extends transversely across the rebate.
19
28. A cutting element according to Claim 27, wherein each protrusion extends across substantially the full width of the rebate.
29. A cutting element according to any of Claims 25 to 28, wherein each protrusion is elongate and inclined at an angle of 90' to the length of the rebate.
30. A cutting element according to any of Claims 25 to 28, wherein each protrusion is elongate and inclined at an angle of less than 90' to the length of the rebate.
31. A cutting element according to Claim 30, wherein all the protrusions are inclined at substantially the same angle to the length of the rebate.
32. A cutting element according to Claim 30, wherein adjacent protrusions are inclined at opposite and equal angles to the length of the rebate
33. A cutting element according to Claim 24, wherein there are provided at least two steps between the front surface of the facing table and the cutting edge.
34. A cutting element according to Claim 33, wherein each step is substantially equally spaced from the cutting edge along substantially the whole length of the step.
35. A cutting element according to Claim 33, wherein the cutting edge of the facing table is convexly curved, and each step is curved at a larger radius than the cutting edge so that each end of the step intercepts the cutting edge.
36. A cutting element according to any of Claims 21 to 35, wherein the rebate includes a bottom wall extending away from the cutting edge and a side wall upstanding from the bottom wall and extending towards the front surface of the facing table, said side wall including at least two portions on each side of an apex directed towards the cutting edge whereby, in use, chips removed by the cutting edge and passing across the rebate are deflected to both sides of the apex.
37. A cutting element according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the formation on the front surface of the facing table comprises at least one protrusion which upstands, from said front surface.
38. A cutting element according to Claim 37, wherein the protrusion comprises a ridge formed on said front surface adjacent the cutting edge.
39. A cutting element according to Claim 38, wherein the ridge has an outer edge which is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge.
40. A cutting element according to Claim 39, wherein the outer edge of the groove is spaced a substantially constant distance from the cutting edge.
41. A cutting element according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the formation on the front suffice of the facing table comprises a recess which extends across a major part of the front surface and has an outer edge which is spaced inwardly from the cutting edge.
42. A cutting element according to Claim 41, wherein the outer edge of the recess is spaced a constant distance from the cutting edge.
43. A cutting element according to Claim 41 or Claim 42, wherein the recess is smoothly and concavely curved in cross-section.
44. A cutting element according to any of Claims 41 to 43, wherein the recess is concentric with the front surface of the facing table.
45. A cutting element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the front surface of the facing table is formed during formation of the superhard facing table in a 21 high pressure, high temperature press.
46. A cutting element according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the front surface of the facing table is formed on the facing table by a shaping operation carried out subsequent to formation of the superhard facing table.
47. A cutting element according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the formation on the front surfiLce of the facing table is provided by an insert which is received in a socket in the cutting element adjacent the cutting edge thereof, the insert including a part which is upstanding from the front surface of the facing table.
48. A cutting element according to Claim 47, wherein the insert and socket are 10 substantially circular in cross-section.
49. A cutting element according to Claim 47 or Claim 48, wherein at least the pail of the insert which is received in the socket is cylindrical.
50. A cutting element according to any of Claims 47 to 49, wherein the socket and insert extend through substantially the whole thickness of the cutting element.
51. A cutting element according to any of Claims 47 to 50, wherein the upstanding part of the insert is domed.
52. A cutting element according to Claim 5 1, wherein the outer periphery of the dome lies at the same level as the front surface of the facing table.
53. A cutting element according to any of Claims 47 to 50, wherein the upstanding part of the insert has a front suffice which is inclined away from the front surface of the facing table as it extends away from the cutting edge.
54. A cutting element according to Claim 53, wherein the edge of said inclined 22 surface nearest the cutting edge of the facing table preferably lies at the same level as the front surface of the facing table.
55. A cutting element according to any of Claims 47 to 54, wherein the insert comprises a front layer of superhard material bonded to a substrate of less hard material, 5 the superhard material forn-fing the front surface of the upstanding part of the insert.
56. A preform cutting element for a rotary drag-type drill bit, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026073A GB2353056B (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1997-10-10 | Improvements in or relating to preform cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9621217.0A GB9621217D0 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1996-10-11 | Improvements in or relating to preform cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9721407D0 GB9721407D0 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
| GB2318140A true GB2318140A (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| GB2318140B GB2318140B (en) | 2001-03-07 |
Family
ID=10801262
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9621217.0A Pending GB9621217D0 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1996-10-11 | Improvements in or relating to preform cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| GB9721407A Expired - Lifetime GB2318140B (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1997-10-10 | Improvements in or relating to preform cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9621217.0A Pending GB9621217D0 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1996-10-11 | Improvements in or relating to preform cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6065554A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0841463B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69727884T2 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB9621217D0 (en) |
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- 1997-10-10 EP EP01127883A patent/EP1188898A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6672406B2 (en) | 1997-09-08 | 2004-01-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Multi-aggressiveness cuttting face on PDC cutters and method of drilling subterranean formations |
| US7000715B2 (en) | 1997-09-08 | 2006-02-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Rotary drill bits exhibiting cutting element placement for optimizing bit torque and cutter life |
| GB2370300A (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-26 | Baker Hughes Inc | Multi-aggressiveness cutting face on PDC cutters and method of drilling subterranean formations |
| GB2370300B (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-08-06 | Baker Hughes Inc | Multi-aggressiveness cutting face on pdc cutters and method of drilling subterranean formations |
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| WO2023225304A1 (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-23 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Fixed cutter drill bits and cutter elements with secondary cutting edges for same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6065554A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
| EP0841463A2 (en) | 1998-05-13 |
| DE69727884D1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| GB9721407D0 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
| EP0841463A3 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
| EP1188898A2 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
| EP0841463B1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| DE69727884T2 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
| GB2318140B (en) | 2001-03-07 |
| EP1188898A3 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| GB9621217D0 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Expiry date: 20171009 |