GB2314844A - Improvements in or relating to film and/or coatings - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to film and/or coatings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2314844A GB2314844A GB9713695A GB9713695A GB2314844A GB 2314844 A GB2314844 A GB 2314844A GB 9713695 A GB9713695 A GB 9713695A GB 9713695 A GB9713695 A GB 9713695A GB 2314844 A GB2314844 A GB 2314844A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- film
- par
- transmission
- groups
- gas bubbles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B47/00—Porphines; Azaporphines
- C09B47/04—Phthalocyanines abbreviation: Pc
- C09B47/045—Special non-pigmentary uses, e.g. catalyst, photosensitisers of phthalocyanine dyes or pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B47/00—Porphines; Azaporphines
- C09B47/04—Phthalocyanines abbreviation: Pc
- C09B47/06—Preparation from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. anhydrides, amides, mononitriles, phthalimide, o-cyanobenzamide
- C09B47/062—Preparation from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. anhydrides, amides, mononitriles, phthalimide, o-cyanobenzamide having alkyl radicals linked directly to the Pc skeleton; having carboxylic groups directly linked to the skeleton, e.g. phenyl
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2325/00—Polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds, e.g. polystyrene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2375/00—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2379/00—Other polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain
- B32B2379/08—Polyimides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
A material for controlling plant growth, by selective absorption of light in the 700 to 800 nm waveband whilst maintaining high transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (wavelength 400 nm to 700 nm approximately) comprises a carrier incorporating a phthalocyanine derivative represented by the general formula I below wherein the substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 may be respectively the same or different groups selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halogeno, or other functional groups which do not adversely affect the stability or selective absorption performance of the material, and M is a metal atom selected from Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mn. Furthermore, heat build up in greenhouses is controllable by use of a film which inhibits transmission of light in the near to infra red region but permits a high transmission of PAR and comprises a laminate wherein at least one layer is a polymeric film which contains a dispersion of gas bubbles having a size predominantly in the range of 50 ~ m to 500 ~ m as determined by microscopic examination in the plane of the film.
Claims (20)
1. A material for controlling plant growth, by selective absorption of light in the 700 to 800 nm waveband whilst maintaining high transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (wavelength 400 nm to 700 nm approximately) comprising a carrier incorporating a phthalocyanine derivative represented by the general formula I below
wherein the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4 may be respectively the same or different groups selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halogeno, or other functional groups which do not adversely affect the stability or selective absorption performance of the material, and M is a metal atom selected from Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mn.
2. A material according to claim 1 wherein R1 = R4 and
R2 = R3.
3. A material according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the alkyl substituents are selected from C1-C12 straight, branched or alicyclic groups and the aryl groups are optionally substituted by groups which do not adversely affect the stability or performance of the glazing/shading material.
4. A material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the alkoxy substituents are C1-C6 alkoxy groups.
5. A material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising a compound (II) of the formula I where R1 = R4 = OBun, R2 = R3 = C1, and M = Cu.
6. A method of preparation of a compound (II) of the formula
I where R1 = R4 = OBun, R2 = R3 = Cl, and M = Cu, wherein the method comprises the following steps,
i3ufl C 1)rcducfln Cl BuOH rneta! Ce 2) alwladon ItX LiOBu salt Cl CM CI CN O O-Bu II
7. A material according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 wherein the carrier is a plastics film formed from polymers selected from ethylene polymers, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, polystyrene, cellulose esters, amino resins, polyurethanes and polyamides.
8. A material according to claim 7 wherein the forming step is one of solution casting or melt processing.
9. A polymeric greenhouse cladding material, coating or film comprising a compound obtainable according to the method of claim 6 and exhibiting strong absorbance selectively in the 700 nm to 800 nm region.
10. A film for controlling heat build up in a greenhouse by reducing transmission of light in the near to infra red region whilst exhibiting a high transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (wavelength 400 nm to 700 nm approximately) and comprising a laminate wherein at least one layer is a polymeric film which contains a dispersion of gas bubbles having a size predominantly in the range of 50 ym to 500 ym as determined by microscopic examination in the plane of the film.
11. A film according to claim 10 comprising at least three layers wherein the outer surface layers are formed from an extruded plastics material and at least one layer in between contains a dispersion of gas bubbles.
12. A film according to claim 10 or 11 wherein gas bubbles are dispersed within the outer layers of the laminate to the same or a lesser degree than the layer in between.
13. A film according to any one of claims 10 to 12 wherein gas bubble dispersion is achieved (a) by incorporating air into the film production process or (b) by incorporating a chemical gassing agent into the components used to form the film or at an appropriate point during manufacture of the film whereby the said gassing agent reacts or decomposes to produce a gas which is inert with respect to the film e.g. N2 or C02 during the production of the film and whilst the film is still in a flowable condition, the resultant bubbles being confined within the film by entrapment as the film stabilises to its final usable form.
14. A film according to any one of claims 10 to 13 wherein the thickness of the film is in the range of from 100 ym to 300 ym.
15 A film according to any one of claims 10 to 13 wherein the thickness of the film is in the region of about 200 ym.
16. A film according to any one of claims 10 to 13 wherein the layer containing gas bubbles has a thickness of from 40 to 50 ym.
17. A film according to any one of claims 10 to 16 comprising a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.
18. A film according to any one of claims 10 to 17 additionally comprising a phthalocyanine derivative of the general formula I defined hereinbefore.
19. A material for controlling plant growth, by selectively inhibiting the transmission of selected wavelengths in the region of from 700 nm to 800 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum whilst maintaining a PAR transmission of about 80% or higher, substantially as hereinbefore described.
20. A glazing or cladding material for inhibiting the build up of heat in a greenhouse whilst maintaining a PAR transmission of about 70% or higher substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9812096A GB2324532B (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1997-06-27 | Improvements in or relating to films |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9613476.2A GB9613476D0 (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1996-06-27 | Improvements in or relating to films and/or coatings |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9713695D0 GB9713695D0 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
| GB2314844A true GB2314844A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| GB2314844B GB2314844B (en) | 2000-03-22 |
Family
ID=10795975
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9613476.2A Pending GB9613476D0 (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1996-06-27 | Improvements in or relating to films and/or coatings |
| GB9713695A Expired - Fee Related GB2314844B (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1997-06-27 | Improvements in or relating to films and/or coatings |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9613476.2A Pending GB9613476D0 (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1996-06-27 | Improvements in or relating to films and/or coatings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9613476D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0962314A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-08 | Prosyn Polyane S.A. | Diffusing and isothermal plastic film for making coverings for greenhouses or sun shading systems |
| EP1080878A2 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-07 | British Polythene Limited | Improved films |
| WO2001042368A1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-14 | Gentian As | Substituted phthalocyanines and their precursors |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2165547A (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1986-04-16 | Ginegar Kibbutz | Polymeric sheeting for agricultural use |
| JPH01123737A (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1989-05-16 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Inc | Agricultural clouding free coated material |
| JPH01132648A (en) * | 1987-11-18 | 1989-05-25 | Achilles Corp | Agricultural vinyl chloride resin film |
| EP0373643A2 (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-06-20 | MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. | Near infrared absorbers and display/recording materials prepared by using same |
| JPH06217649A (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1994-08-09 | Koyo Plast Kk | Sheet for semi-shade plant-culturing house |
| JPH06260674A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-16 | Sharp Corp | Phototransistor |
| JPH08134302A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1996-05-28 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Thermoplastic synthetic resin film for agriculture |
| EP0732049A1 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-09-18 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Covering material for plant growth control |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60217649A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1985-10-31 | Nec Corp | Integrated circuit device |
| JPH0665712B2 (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1994-08-24 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | Near infrared absorber |
| JPH10123737A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Production of electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, apparatus for production of electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming method |
| JP3341234B2 (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2002-11-05 | ミネベア株式会社 | Table scale |
-
1996
- 1996-06-27 GB GBGB9613476.2A patent/GB9613476D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-06-27 GB GB9713695A patent/GB2314844B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2165547A (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1986-04-16 | Ginegar Kibbutz | Polymeric sheeting for agricultural use |
| JPH01123737A (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1989-05-16 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Inc | Agricultural clouding free coated material |
| JPH01132648A (en) * | 1987-11-18 | 1989-05-25 | Achilles Corp | Agricultural vinyl chloride resin film |
| EP0373643A2 (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-06-20 | MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. | Near infrared absorbers and display/recording materials prepared by using same |
| JPH06217649A (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1994-08-09 | Koyo Plast Kk | Sheet for semi-shade plant-culturing house |
| JPH06260674A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-16 | Sharp Corp | Phototransistor |
| JPH08134302A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1996-05-28 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Thermoplastic synthetic resin film for agriculture |
| EP0732049A1 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-09-18 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Covering material for plant growth control |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0962314A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-08 | Prosyn Polyane S.A. | Diffusing and isothermal plastic film for making coverings for greenhouses or sun shading systems |
| EP1080878A2 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-07 | British Polythene Limited | Improved films |
| EP1080878A3 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-09-12 | British Polythene Limited | Improved films |
| WO2001042368A1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-14 | Gentian As | Substituted phthalocyanines and their precursors |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9613476D0 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
| GB9713695D0 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
| GB2314844B (en) | 2000-03-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20140627 |