GB2297516A - Production of 3-D prototypes from computer generated models - Google Patents

Production of 3-D prototypes from computer generated models Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2297516A
GB2297516A GB9602053A GB9602053A GB2297516A GB 2297516 A GB2297516 A GB 2297516A GB 9602053 A GB9602053 A GB 9602053A GB 9602053 A GB9602053 A GB 9602053A GB 2297516 A GB2297516 A GB 2297516A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sheet material
article
build material
build
sheet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9602053A
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GB9602053D0 (en
Inventor
Steven Butterworth
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of GB9602053D0 publication Critical patent/GB9602053D0/en
Publication of GB2297516A publication Critical patent/GB2297516A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/001—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/147—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using sheet material, e.g. laminated object manufacturing [LOM] or laminating sheet material precut to local cross sections of the 3D object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus for forming a prototype or product article generated in the form of a three dimensional computer model includes splitting the model into a number of, preferably planar segments, and then sending the data for each segment to a means for applying or creating a build material such as a resin or thermoplastic material onto separate sheets of material to create article segment forms. This process is repeated to provide a series of sheets each incorporating a segment of the article, the sheets are stacked, in order, and the build material cured, before the sheet material with no build material applied thereto is removed to leave the article formed from the build material.

Description

Dissolved Medium Rendered Material Processing This patent application relates to a method of producing three-dimensional prototype products and/or prototypes from computer generated three-dimensional models.
Over the last few years, several rapid prototyping processes have been introduced. These processes are capable of producing three-dimensional prototypes from computer generated models in plastic and wax resins. The prototypes produced in this way can be used purely as visualisation tools to allow the designer to visualise the finished product or, can be further processed, to produce moulds which are then used for, for example, casting, die casting and injection moulding processes. The process of rapid prototyping has led to major advances in technology by reducing the time required in the development and subsequent manufacture of product parts.
However, these conventional processes are prohibitively expensive to all but very large companies and therefore the use of the current processes is extremely limited and thus the advantages to be gained are not accessible to all those parties who may be able to use the same.
Known methods of rapid prototyping are Stereolithography from 3-D Systems, the Solider process from Cubital, Fused Deposition Modelling from Stratasys, Selective Laser Sintering from DTM Corporation and Laminated Object Manufacture from Helisys. These existing methods which are known generally as stereolithography for 3-dimensional modelling are very expensive both in provision and running costs. The processes are complex and use complex techniques such as photosensitive polymers to produce the layers of a product.
Most of the existing methods of rapid prototyping rely on materials which can be made solid by the application of a laser beam. This requires the use of specially formulated resins or powdered plastics and although major advances have been made in the quality of mechanical properties they still have limited use for the production of direct product components. The curing of rapid prototyping resins according to conventional methods is also susceptible to problems such as shrinkage and the established method of combatting this is to make the part larger than required.
However, the shrinkage is often uneven and requires costly trial and error to produce the desired final dimensions.
Furthermore systems using laser curing techniques are severely restricted in the size of component that can be produced due to the area the laser can effectively cover, and existing rapid prototyping machinery can only produce components of a single colour and must be hand finished if further colour is required.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a process for the design and preparation of prototype models which has many advantages not only in respect to the overall cost savings but also in improvements in the mechanical performance characteristics of the process, and the first prorotype and/or product obtained.
The DMRR technique uses high quality printing technology, plastic resins and printing medium. This technique will make rapid prototyping a far more affordable resource with lower running costs and hence be more readily accessible for use.
The present invention provides a method of producing a model from a 3-dimensional computer design comprising the steps of: modelling the product or prototype article to be produced using computer-aided design software; translating the computer-aided design data into a format for further processing; said format including the splitting of the data into segments corresponding to segments at incremental intervals of the article; sending each of the data segments to a printer, wherein a shape interpreted from the data received for each segment is reproduced onto a sheet material using a build material.
Typically each segment of data represents a substantially planar part of the article, herein referred to as slices of the article.
The method further comprises in one embodiment the steps of re-producing each slice on a separate sheet of material and then stacking said sheets in order of assembly while the build material, if a resin, is uncured. Preferably the stack of sheet material is also pressed together to create a homogeneous impregnated article of build material within the stack of sheet material.
The method further comprises the step of allowing the build material to cure once the stack is formed in such a way that the build material impregnated areas of the sheet material bond to build material in adjacent sheets hence forming a cured homogeneous article within the stack.
Once stacked, the area of each sheet of material without build material applied thereto is removed to leave the formed article.
Preferably the stack of build material and sheet material is submerged in a liquid that will break down the sheet material but does not effect the build material impregnated areas hence leaving the shape of the article defined by the build material to create a finished article.
In one embodiment the sheet material is paper and the stack of sheet material and build material is added to water to turn the areas of the paper without build material thereon into a pulp.
In an alternative embodiment the sheet material is a fabric material and, in one preferred embodiment, is woven from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) yarn. An appropriate fabric of this type is sold under the trade mark Sowron of the Nitivy Company in Japan. This fabric is conventionally used for the manufacture of special textiles. A preferred thickness of the fabric is in the region of 100 microns. The fabric can dissolve in water at a temperature of, for example, 60 degrees celsius.
In one embodiment the build material is a resin which can be applied to the sheet material in the required areas as designated by the computer generated data to allow the creation of the article of the required shape.
In an alternative embodiment the build material used is a thermoplastic material which has the same effect as the resin.
In one embodiment the build material is printed onto the sheet material. A particularly advantageous method is to use a piezo electric print head to deposit the build material at the required locations.
The print method can be used to apply resin or thermoplastic material onto the sheet material.
As an alternative to printing, a sintering technique can be used wherein the sheet material is pretreated with build material powder which is held in place by a binding agent and heat is then applied to the sheet material at selected locations to heat the build material powder to impregnate the sheet material with build material at the selected locations.
In a further aspect of the invention the build material applied on to sheet material comprises at least two materials of differing composition. In one embodiment the application of different types of build material for the same article allows fully functional prototype articles to be produced with appropriate build material applied at appropriate locations to form the product or prototype article in the desired shape.
In one embodiment the build material is applied using a process which includes applying build materials of more than one colour to create an article which is of more than one colour. Furthermore, build material of differing compositions can be applied to form one article with the differing materials applied to form specific areas of the article.
An important aspect of the invention is the provision of a registering means whereby the sheet material with the build material thereon is placed in the registration means such that all of the said sheets are registered when stacked together to allow the subsequent article produced to be of the correct shape.
Typically the width of the slices formed in the computer aided design are of a sufficiently small size and the quantity of build material applied controlled to allow a finished article of the required detail to be obtained. For example, if a finished article of relatively fine detail is required to be produced, the number of slices generated in the computer aided design stage should be relatively large so that changes in dimensions can be detected and a sufficient number of material sheets provided for the build material application stage and formation of the article.
Alternative to stacking the sheet material a spool arrangement can be provided wherein the sheet material is supplied on a spool and the build material application means traverses the spool to deposit the material.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a 3dimensional article, wherein said article comprises a series of planar components held together to form said article from build material.
Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 illustrates in schematic form the method of utilising a process according to the invention; Figure 2 illustrates apparatus for the method in one embodiment; and Figure 3 illustrates apparatus for the method in an alternative embodiment.
At the first stage of the method the article is modelled using computer aided design software and using computer terminal and keyboard 2. Once the model is in the required form dictated by the designer onto the computer and using appropriate software the information is translated into a format for further processing. This involves "splitting" the article formed into a number of segments or slices at incremental intervals by splitting the data of the computer software into segments. The data for each slice is then sent to a printer 4 wherein the data for each slice is interpreted and then build material applied onto a sheet of material depicting the slice, using a build material such as a resin or thermoplastic at locations on the sheet to illustrate the particular slice of the article which is represented by the data which has been sent at that instant in relation to that slice.
Figure 1 illustrates the formation of a spherical article using the data generated for seven slices of the article and area adjacent thereto and hence seven sheets of material 6A through to 6G which are held in a sequential format in a stack are provided.
The slices 6A and 6G are blank as these form the top and lower parts of the stack of sheet material; the sheets 6B and 6F have relatively small areas of build material 8B and 8F, applied thereto, the sheets 6C and 6E have larger areas 8C and 8E, and finally sheet 6D has the largest area 8D which represents the widest part of the sphere. The sheets 6A to 6G are placed in sequence order such that the first layer 6A is at the base of the stack of sheet material and the last layer 6G is at the top of the stack of sheet material. The layers 6A-6G in the stack are held in register such that the build material areas 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E and 8F are held together in the correct register location and the build material bonds together to produce a homogeneous article formed from the build material.The stack of sheet material is then immersed into a liquid such as water at an appropriate temperature that serves to dissolve the sheet material but leaves the build material article intact such that once the extraneous sheet material has been removed, the article which is formed by the build material is formed as shown at 10. Thus the article formed is the same as that designed on the computer as the build material is applied to the sheet material at the areas designated.
The above process can be repeated for almost any design of article and the thickness of the sheet material used and the number of slices of the article produced at the computer aided design stage can be selected and is dependent upon the specific shape to be achieved and also the accuracy of dimensions of the article required.
Figure 2 illustrates apparatus for the application of the build material to the sheet material which comprises a printer 12 having a print head 14 which is movable in X, Y and Z planes relative to sheet material 16 which are held in a stack on a vacuum bed 18. The apparatus operates to allow the build material to be applied from the print head 14 onto the sheet of material 16 at the top of the stack. The location of build material application is determined by the software generated from the article data held on computer.
When one sheet has been finished a new sheet 17 is introduced on top to have build material applied thereto and so on until the required stack 15 of sheets for the article has been created. This arrangement is also operable in relation to the sintering method whereby the print head can be replaced by a heating head to sinter the build material at the appropriate location.
Figure 3 illustrates an alternative arrangement of apparatus wherein the sheet material 20 is supplied on a spool 22 and feeds onto a spool 24 which is provided adjacent a build material application head 26 which is movable in X and Y planes and as the spool 24 is wound the build material is applied or sintered in the selected locations. The article may then be built up within the spool with the spindle 28 passing through it, or, the article can be built to one side of the spool or indeed, several articles can be formed at one time in either of the processes described by appropriately locating the articles and application of build material on the sheets or spools used.
In both processes it is envisaged that if there is uneven build height due to uneven deposition or sintering of the build material the same will be sensed to prevent the error from being undetected, and continuing to occur thereby preventing the shape of the article formed from being incorrect.
In one form the build material is a resin which can be provided in a "two-pack" form where the resin components are mixed to start a curing reaction. The mixing can take place in the application head or on the sheet material by printing droplets of both parts of the resin in the same location.
In another form the resin is printed onto the sheet material and then cured using ultraviolet light.
When the material used is thermoplastic the same can be printed in position by providing the application head with a reservoir of molten thermoplastic which is selectively released to solidify on location on the sheet material. As an alternative a thermoplastic material powder can be applied to all of the sheet material and held thereon by a binding agent whereupon a head with a heater is applied to the sheet material to heat and melt the powder to form the build material in the desired locations.
In whichever form the build material applied is done so in sufficient quantity to impregnate the sheet material substantially through the thickness thereof.
Furthermore, different compositions of build material can be applied thereby allowing articles to be formed having particular material characteristics at specific locations thereon. This is envisaged as being of particular relevance to the manufacture of articles in the form of electrical components and especially for relatively small scale components. Equally, build material of different colours can be applied in specific locations by allowing the application heads for application of build material to be controlled and colours or material type selected, or alternatively, by selectively applying powder material of specified types in specified areas of sintering.
The invention of this application has considerable and significant advantages not only in the manufacture of prototype articles but also in the manufacture of articles in large scale volumes.

Claims (24)

1. A method of producing a product and/or prototype article from a three-dimensional computer design comprising the steps of:modelling the article using computer aided design software; translating the computer aided design data into a format for further processing; said format including the splitting of the data into segments corresponding to segments at incremental intervals of the article; sending each of the data segments to a build material application means; and, wherein a shape interpreted from the data received for each segment is reproduced onto a sheet material by controlling the application of the build material, and said sheets combined to form the article of build material.
2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein each segment of data represents a substantially planar segment of the article.
3. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the method includes a step of reproducing each segment on a separate sheet of material and then stacking said sheets in order sequentially.
4. A method according to Claim 3 wherein the stack of sheet material is pressed together to create a homogeneous impregnated article within the stack of said sheet material.
5. A method according to Claim 4 wherein the build material is cured once the stack is formed such that the build material impregnated areas of the sheet material bond to build material in adjacent sheets to form a cured homogeneous article within the stack.
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the sheet material without build material applied thereto is removed to leave an article formed of build material.
7. A method according to Claim 6 wherein the stack of build material and sheet material is submerged in a liquid which breaks down the sheet material but does not effect the build material.
8. A method according to Claim 7 wherein the liquid is water held at a predesignated temperature.
9. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the sheet material is paper.
10. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 8 wherein the sheet material is a fabric material.
11. A method according to Claim 10 wherein the sheet material is woven from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) yarn.
12. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the build material is applied to the sheet material using a printing process.
13. A method according to Claim 12 wherein the build material is resin which is applied to the sheet material in the required areas.
14. A method according to Claim 12 wherein the build material used is a thermoplastic material.
15. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 11 wherein the build material is applied to the sheet material using a sintering technique whereupon a powder or powders is applied to the sheet material and bonded thereto with a binding agent whereupon the said powder is heated at required locations on the sheet material to melt the powder to form the build material at the required locations.
16. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the build material applied to the sheet material comprises materials of different colours and/or differing composition.
17. A method according to any of the preceding claims wherein the method includes registering means to register the sheet material when the build material has been applied thereto.
18. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the sheet material is provided on a spool and build material is applied to the sheet material when the spool is wound and the sheet material is maintained in a spool form.
19. An article formed of a plurality of sheets material at least some of said sheets of sheet material having a build material of thermoplastic or resin applied thereto at selected locations and said sheet material is maintained in a plurality ply thickness wherein said article is formed from the build material which is exposed by the removal of sheet material which does not have build material applied thereto.
20. An article according to Claim 19 wherein the sheet material is held in a stack.
21. An article according to Claim 19 wherein the sheet material is held on a spool.
22. Apparatus for forming an article from a plurality of sheets of sheet material, said apparatus comprising a computer and associated software for designing a model of the article, means for splitting the model into segments and transferring the data for each segment to a build material application means, said application means including an application head for applying to a sheet of material or forming thereon, build material at locations determined by the data received for the particular segment to be created.
23. A method as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
24. Apparatus as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB9602053A 1995-02-01 1996-02-01 Production of 3-D prototypes from computer generated models Withdrawn GB2297516A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9501987.3A GB9501987D0 (en) 1995-02-01 1995-02-01 Dissolved medium rendered resin (DMRR) processing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9602053D0 GB9602053D0 (en) 1996-04-03
GB2297516A true GB2297516A (en) 1996-08-07

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GB9602053A Withdrawn GB2297516A (en) 1995-02-01 1996-02-01 Production of 3-D prototypes from computer generated models

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US6903736B1 (en) 2002-06-25 2005-06-07 Tim Stefan Visual display device and method of manufacture
EP2886307A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Voxeljet AG Device, special paper and method for the production of moulded components
US20170106595A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-04-20 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for 3d printing using temperature-controlled processing
US9943981B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2018-04-17 Voxeljet Ag 3D infiltration method
US9962885B2 (en) 2010-04-14 2018-05-08 Voxeljet Ag Device for producing three-dimensional models
US10052682B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2018-08-21 Voxeljet Ag 3D multi-stage method
US10059062B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2018-08-28 Voxeljet Ag Device for producing three-dimensional models with special building platforms and drive systems
US10059058B2 (en) 2012-06-22 2018-08-28 Voxeljet Ag Device for building a multilayer structure with storage container or filling container movable along the dispensing container
US10213831B2 (en) 2012-11-25 2019-02-26 Voxeljet Ag Construction of a 3D printing device for producing components
US10220568B2 (en) 2013-12-02 2019-03-05 Voxeljet Ag Interchangeable container with moveable side walls
US10226919B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2019-03-12 Voxeljet Ag Articles and structures prepared by three-dimensional printing method
US10343301B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2019-07-09 Voxeljet Ag Process for producing a moulding using a water-soluble casting mould and material system for the production thereof
US10513105B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2019-12-24 Voxeljet Ag Device and method for constructing a layer body
US10589460B2 (en) 2012-03-06 2020-03-17 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for producing three-dimensional models
US10682809B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2020-06-16 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for producing 3D moulded parts by means of a layer construction technique
US10786945B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2020-09-29 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for producing three-dimensional models using a binding agent system
US10799989B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2020-10-13 Voxeljet Ag Pre-assembled module for a device for the layer-wise production of patterns
US10843404B2 (en) 2015-05-20 2020-11-24 Voxeljet Ag Phenolic resin method
US10882110B2 (en) 2015-09-09 2021-01-05 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for applying fluids
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US10946556B2 (en) 2014-08-02 2021-03-16 Voxeljet Ag Method and casting mold, in particular for use in cold casting methods
US11077611B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2021-08-03 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for producing 3D shaped articles with a double recoater
US11097469B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2021-08-24 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for producing three-dimensional models with a temperature-controllable print head
US11235518B2 (en) 2015-12-01 2022-02-01 Voxeljet Ag Method and device for producing three-dimensional components with the aid of an overfeed sensor
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US11279087B2 (en) 2017-07-21 2022-03-22 Voxeljet Ag Process and apparatus for producing 3D moldings comprising a spectrum converter
US11820076B2 (en) 2019-11-01 2023-11-21 Voxeljet Ag 3D printing process and molding produced by this process using lignosulfate
US11826958B2 (en) 2019-02-05 2023-11-28 Voxeljet Ag Exchangeable process unit
US11890810B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2024-02-06 Voxeljet Ag Device and method for producing three-dimensional shaped parts
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US6903736B1 (en) 2002-06-25 2005-06-07 Tim Stefan Visual display device and method of manufacture
US10226919B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2019-03-12 Voxeljet Ag Articles and structures prepared by three-dimensional printing method
US10960655B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2021-03-30 Voxeljet Ag Articles and structures prepared by three-dimensional printing method
US10799989B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2020-10-13 Voxeljet Ag Pre-assembled module for a device for the layer-wise production of patterns
US9962885B2 (en) 2010-04-14 2018-05-08 Voxeljet Ag Device for producing three-dimensional models
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