GB2260346A - Bricks or blocks for, e.g. wall construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Bricks or blocks for, e.g. wall construction, are stepped in a longitudinal (e.g. Fig 1) or transverse direction, and have means for inter-engaging adjacent bricks or blocks. The bricks may be laid dry, or may be spaced apart by studs (Fig 3a), in which case an apertured wall for drainage or other purposes can be built. Low landscaping walls, or pathways, can be formed from shallow stopped bricks (e.g. Fig. 25, not shown), and lead bricks can be used for radiation-resistant walls. Adjacent bricks can be interconnected by tie bars with lugs for engaging sockets in the bricks (e.g. Figs 31-41), and the lugs can be adjustably spaced on the tie bars. <IMAGE>

Description

REUSABLE INTERLOCKING SHOCK ABSORBING BRICKS AND LINKED SYSTEMS Introduction This invention relates to "reusable interlocking shock asbsorbing bricks" particularly though not exclusively relating to the provision of temporary removeable walls or panels.

This invention relates to the embodiment of certain features accumulatively novel in concept and unique by means of dual purpose or multi-purpose usage considering the following: (i) A step loading factor to increase stability and strength by accumulative weight in the first instance of the adjacent brick.

(ii) A provision of location which will engage in a multi-locking arrangement such that each brick above the first layer engages at up to three separate levels and normally links six other bricks. Thus in layered construction dry strength is greatly increased.

(iii) Clearances (e.g. of 1.5 mm) are provided particularly but not exclusively between locations and projections provided creating conditions for - easy assembly by unskilled labour, effecting a limited amount of movement thus providing flexability and thus shock absorbancy within limitations.

(iv) A range of temporary removable structures (screens - walls - panels) may be provided which will with modification offer stable systems when assembled prior to the application of mortar, within certain limitations.

This Application cites several dry wall configurations which could act as a wall - transferable screen or support column.

It is noted hence the full concept of step loading in conjunction with multi-level interlocking engagement with clearances for shock absorbancy/flexability extends to several applications of consideration.

In the first consideration: A step loaded brick Figure 01:- this relates to a building brick or lead brick (Pb) which provides an interlocking seal.

From time to time various refurbishment work or in mining blasting operations creates large volumes of dangerous dust which results in area penetration both difficult and expensive~~~to move.

Hence this particular mode of step-loaded brick of reusable nature provides for portable screens of robust construction.

The invention in this aspect provides for a building brick/block comprising: (i) a top surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas.

(ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas.

(iii) a continuous vane or vanes extending from a distance inset from the outer end of the top surface and projecting beyond the step face continuing vertically downwards. This is adjoined by yet another vane in the same plane but steps down in section as it is designed to follow the size of the preceding vane across both its top edge and termination. Hence the slight step down or narrowing and continuous extent to beyond the end of the stepped face to follow again vertically down to the extent of the bricks lower face.

This stepdown in section is necessary to accommodate a further brick to compliment the system. Otherwise the vane will taper in one plane from top to bottom of the brick.

Figure O1/b.

(iv) At least one continuous complementary recess to engage the vane when: a) abutting vertical recesses complimentary to the tapered projections extending beyond the end faces - allowing the end of the brick arrow "C" to slide into unison with a brick of the same type and abut (arrow "B").

b) placing such bricks in layer providing a recess for the entire lower step face of the underside to locate across the upper step face.

(v) A working clearance between the continuous vane of normally 1.5 mm + allowing for easy assembly, flexability of unit and distortion within manufacture.

Whereby all continuous projection on one brick are engageable within the recesses of an adjacent brick to interlock the bricks.

"COMPLIMENTARY" bricks of various lengths to both accommodate the "principal brick" (Figure 01) and allow conversion to a silicon based adhesive assembly, mortar assembly, dry assembly (at least part) as a "weeping scren" are provided hereafter referred to as complimentary bricks within the system or UNIVERSAL when used in their own right (Figure 02).

Hence the "complimentary" brick comprises: i) a top surface with a continuous vane or vanes extending inset from one end to project beyond the opposite end and vertically downwards to the bottom surface.

(ii) a complimentary recess at the opposite end to allow a brick of the same kind to abutt and locate end-to-end.

(iii) the said vane to afford a large degree of taper across the height of the brick (Figure 02) view arrow "X".

(iv) provision for the vane section projecting from the upper surface to locate within the under surface of a similar brick.

(v) a nominal clearance of 1.5 mm to allow easy assembly and accommodate any distortion in manufacture yet still remain flexable within limitations.

Thus all continuous projections on one brick are engageable in the recess of an adjacent brick, the brick will conform to interlock with the principal brick in Figure 01 to form a "dry screen".

To effect a wider use as a universal brick two further embodiments are required.

These are: (vi) at least four recesses or stopped holes are required in the top face to allow the insert of studs to predetermine a space on assembly of bricks in layer. Nb not specifically for mortar or adhesive (Figure 02).

(vii) a stud or spacer to predetermine a space between the bricks on assembly not specifically for mortar or adhesive.

Common advantages within step loaded systems cited within the introduction i) to iv) of course apply to this first consideration of application.

Uses:- A screen formed of dry construction using bricks defined in Figures 01 and 02 affords a unique wall of singular brick thickness which: a) is stable, vibration resistant, impervious to the penetration of dust.

b) will serve as a portable screen the bricks being reusable.

c) if the screen is constructed of lead (Pb) bricks would not only form a dust shield but would screen from the penetration of radiation.

d) the screen formed using adhesive in the form of an impervious sealant may afford a screen to prevent penetration of such gases as CO 2 e) using the brick in Figure 02 as a top layer it is possible to trap sheeting across the continuous rib formed and facilitate easy construction of a pool.

The complimentary brick may be used as a universal brick in its own right with the "studs" or "spacers" defined in Figure 03.

A wall mxy be constructed from universal bricks defined in Figure 02 with the said "studs" in place being cemented together on end faces only on abuttment, allowing: the filteration of liquid which could be useful in land drainage or control of flow of water into irrigation ditches on flood irrigation systems. Similarly of useful potential within fish farms in separation of species yet retaining full water circulation.

b) as the "spacer" or stud can be supplied in a range of different heights it introduces a "weeping brick" when using spacers of a finer type example 0.5 mm.

c) uses within processing industries requiring the passage of gases example smoke/steam.

Particularly kilns where steam can be allowed free passage of escape without the loss of temperature within the immediate lining.

d) the construction of a wall impervious to liquid penetration may be possible using a silicon based grout. As water pressure alone can allow penetration over a period of time resulting in seepage. Advantages in using this type of brick is that penetration of liquid through the inner seal (in contact with the retained liquid) does not act directly on the outer based seal as any pressure created by partial joint failure will be alleviated by the internal vane. As a silicon based adhesive is flexable it may be possible that the "bricks used" can be "stripped" and are reusable.

e) using the said universal bricks either divorced from or in conjunction with the principal (step loaded) brick, having closed joints "dry or grouted" with layers employing the use of spacers. A consideration may be that filtration systems can be developed to allow flow of water yet contain oil or effluent or surface materials, i.e. weed control:- until such time as it is economic to remove the offending hazzard or pollutant.

f) similarly walls may be constructed in areas where severe weather conditions operate and afford wind resistance.

In the second consideration: A step loaded brick Figure 04 this relates to a fully extruded option for use in dry lining kilns or reusable screening within the first embodiment Figures 04 - 05 - 06.

The criteria cited within the introduction i) to iv) is fully covered and again modification effects a further system.

From time to time temporary screens or barriers are required which for safety reasons should be readily available and quickly assembled particularly to protect workers maintaining public highways.

Hence the invention provides for an extruded step loaded brick/block comprising, in the first aspect (Figure 04): i) a top surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; iii) at least one projection or recess provided in each upper and lower area of the bottom surface; Whereby the projections of one brick are engageable in the recess of an adjacent brick to interlock the bricks.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a brick/beam comprising of:- (Figure 05, 05a).

i) a top surface; ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; iii) at least one projection or recess provided in the top surface; iv) at least one complimentary recess or projection provided in each upper and lower area of the bottom surface; Whereby the projections of one brick are engageable in the recesses of an adjacent brick to interlock the bricks.

According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a brick or beam comprising of:- (Figure 06).

i) a top surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; ii) a bottom surface; iii) at least one projection or recess provided in each upper and lower area of the top surface; iv) at least one complimentary recess or projection provided in the bottom surface; whereby the projections at one brick are engageable in the recesses of an adjacent brick to interlock the bricks.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided a brick or beam (Figure 07) comprising of: i) a top surface interrupted by at least one recess or projection; ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one recess or projection; whereby the projections of one brick are engageable in the recess of an adjacent brick to interlock the bricks.

The above aspect is known as a brick but has not been used as a beam in the context applied within the invention. See assembly Figure 08 and

Figure oa.

The bricks are by shape compa ble with bricks illustrated in Figures 04, 5, 06 and 07. However, the arrangement of such recesses are of an off set nature so that on alignment of such recesses on the bricks provided a predetermined space for the application of mortar rather than abuttment within the previous system (the sthend consideration). The height arrangement also needs mo-dification on the step loaded bricks whereby a predetermined mortar thickness is formed by affording a clearance between the stepped faces so that, for example, a brick of the type Figure 11 will when placed in alignment with the recesses of the adjacent brick of the same type with a support block or spacer Figure t; in locational engagement will provide a predetermined space for mortar upon both horizontal and abutting faces.

whereby the recesses of one brick are engageable in line (but off set in comparison to the end of the brick if abuted) to provide a predetermined mortar thickness in conjunction with the support block or spacer within figure t4.

Hence, there is provided a brick (Figure tt) comprising in the first aspect: i) a top surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower surfaces; ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; iii) at least one recess provided within each upper and lower area of the top surface; and iv) at least one complementary recess provided within each upper and lower area of the bottom surface.

A brick (Figure 1t) comprises in the second aspect: i) a top surface; ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; iii) at least one recess provided within the top surface; and iv) at least one corresponding recess provided within each lower and upper area of the bottom surface; A brick (Figure 13) in the third aspect comprises:: i) a top surface having at least two recesses; ii) a bottom surface having two complementary recesses; Whereby the recesses of one brick are engageable with any other brick in the system providing a uniform predetermined space for mortar in conjunction with the support block or spacer identified in Figure '14 There is provided'an extruded support strip (or brick) Figure 14 having a "hexagonal" appearance created by tapers extending from its top and bottom surfaces towards its centre whereby it will engage in the grooves provided in the bricks to effect stability in construction.

Within the embodiment of the said bricks it is preferred that both top and bottom sections of such bricks have one step only provided on their faces. Effectively the sizes and features of the principal step loaded brick within the third consideration would identify by: a) the difference in positional nature of the recesses;

b) the clearance allowed on the steps for interposition of mortar; c) a greater degree of taper on the recesses provided within the bricks; it is preferable that the extruded insert or support figure 1k be of such length that it does not extend beyond the edges of the bricks on assembly - on the contrary it should be of length and so placed across the bricks that it may be fully sealed within the embodiment of the mortar.

A clear assembly view of such bricks within this

consideration is shown Figure i The uses and advantages of this system are: a) quick positive predetermined brick laying is achieved whereby mortar could be "pumped" in to place after assembly of several layers; b) bricks could be layed to a greater height and remain stable avoiding a squeeze factor on the mortar by heavy loading; c) where more durable temporary walling is required it may be preferable to simply apply a limited amount of mortar on the open joints thus "effecting pointing the system"; d) if any bricks are to be removed they are easily replaceable thus on building technique certain bricks could be left temporarily free of mortar and thus removeable where pipes etc. may be required to exit giving considerable advantage in avoiding delays;; e) effective quick laying of refractory lining is afforded; and f) alternative inserts of extruded type can be made available which may be preferable for type of usage.

Example. . cited within cross sectional view Figure j6 Th

consideration extends to the use of paving stones within the embodiment of a step loaded brick principle.

In effect two such step loaded bricks are cited which evolve the consideration of a low level landscaped wall, Figures 1 and '' 58.

Such a wall would afford the reusable interlocking and shock absorbing criteria cited within the introduction apart from the intensive interlocking criteria which is of lesser importance due to the frictional resistance and greater stability of "paving stones". A further "brick" or "step loaded paving stone" is cited for reference purpose only or for where thicker section makes it of practical use within a dry wall built on the same system. This item Figure PC would be uneconomical due to a high incidence of fracture and the fact that relatively "flat" "blocks or bricks" referred to a paving stones are relatively stable within dry construction.

Hence a step loaded situation could easily be reached by linking two paving stones with an interlocking location preferably with a loose dowel which would allow both paving stones to move in all directions with limitations.

However a system of building walls embodying the usage of step loaded bricks with paving stones within a linking system whereby dry shock absorbant walls would be suitable for landscaping purposes or raised walkways is cited. It follows that it is reasonable to interlock low level walls on a dry basis with patios whether to retain soil, of purely an aesthetic appeal, to effect a tiered interlinked patio system or provide steps or interlinking pathways.

Although a case may be obvious to link paving stones in their own right on stepped and interlocking wall sections searches do not throw light on such a situation. On blocks for walls the system again has so far no direct bearing as on height reaching certain levels such walls could be dangerous and unstable as locations are of loose fitting nature. Also such reusable interlocking shock absorbing walls are aimed at the landscaping DIY market and design is primarily to absorb impact from vehicles with the location designed to "snap" in such circumstances.

Such walls or walkway systems provided facilitate the embodiment of "steps" being provided as part of the wall or walkway.

Hence there is provided in the first instance a "brick" or "paviour" comprising:- (Figure lt i) a top surface interrupted by two steps to define upper and lower areas, whereby: ii) the upper area of the top of the top surface extends in a central relationship with the lower area of the top surface placed either side of and running parallel to the upper area of the top surface; iii) at least one apperture being present in each of the lower areas of the top surface and extending through to the bottom surface; and iv) a bottom surface, whereby the paviour will if reversed locate on a paviour of the same type with appertures in line.

In the second instance there is provided a brick or paviour comprising:- (Figure bs) i) a bottom surface; ii) a top surface interrupted by one step only to define upper and lower areas; and iii) having at least one apperture extending through to the bottom surface, whereby the paviour will if reversed locate on a paviour of the same type (Figure 18) or locate on a paviour of the type Figure 26 with the appertures inllne.

In the third instance there is provided a brick or paviour comprising:- (Figurei9: ) a top surface having at least two appertures which extend through to a bottom surface whereby on placing in location with either Figures 27 or 26 the apertures are in line and the edge abutting the upper edge of the stepped face.

In the fourth instance there is provided a brick or paviour comprising:- (Figure u ) a bottom surface having at least two appertures which are "stopped", a top surface whereby the position of such appertures are in line with such appertures within' the paviour identified in Figure 28 In the fifth instance there is a "brick" or "paviour" comprising:- (Figure gig) i) a top surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; ii) a bottom surface interrupted by at least one step to define upper and lower areas; iii) at least one recess provided in each upper and lower area of the top surface; and iv) at least one complimentary recess provided in each upper and lower area of the bottom surface, whereby the recesses of one brick are in line with recesses of an adjacent brick and location effected by an insert with clearance to allow easy assembly and flexibility.

In the sixth instance there are provided inserts (Figure tt) comprising of blank lengths of material to allow various lengths to be available as required by the assembler of structure built from the identified components Figures }1 to i. These inserts should accommodate the appertures and may be square, hexagonal, round, etc. but should afford a clearance to allow easy assembly and shock absorption of structures built of such components within limits.

In the seventh instance there is provision for such paviours cited in Figures t to 21 to have recesses longitudinally extending along the outer edge to allow the interposition of mortar if required for appearance purposes and adding to stability if a more rigid structure is required (figure 23). a -). a In detail the "bricks" or paviours have circular recesses or holes and have either four or two recesses or holes in accordance with the Figures 17 to tss and t3 . a The insert in detail (Figure 1 will be of a smaller diameter than the provided recess hole or aperture within the paviours.

Hence on assembly of walls examples Figures

provides resuable interlocking shock absorbing assemblies of bricks or paviours.

Uses and advantages are:a) effective reusable interlocking shock absorbing dry walls are afforded for landscaping purposes.

b) walls may be directly tied in to patio systems.

c) patios can be tiered parallel to each other.

d) raised pathways/walkways are afforded of dry construction and or reusable nature.

e) step systems of an interlocking nature are provided.

f) basically a "patio link system" is formed increasing scope for DIY enthusiasts.

Further if such a patio link system is developed within walls, steps and raised pathways, curved paviours or spiral link sections would be required.

Hence there is provided a paviour (figure w; having: i) a top surface; ii) a bottom surface with two appertures extending fully through to the top surface and provided off set to the centre of the paviour; iii) a curved outer edge; iv) a curved inner edge radial to the outer edge; and v) two edges formed as a quadrant which would be "for abutment" or "alignment", whereby the paviour being layed edge to edge with others of the same mode forms a circle or on reversal layed edge to edge formed zigzag in radial patterns.

Similarly with inserts placed in the apertures (inserts Figure eil, ) of the paviour it would facilitate the engagement of another to lay: a) directly on top and in line as a brick; b) follow a spiral step pattern radially complimentary; and c) follow a spiral step deflected radially and have the curved edge laid both opposite to each other an tangentially placed in alignment.

A F fth consideration arises Evolving from the concept of "step loading" one construction is identified in the form of step loaded bricks multiple units void of location. These would be basically termed as "beams" (may of course be improved with reinforcement) and laid "lengthways" across uneven ground or soft earth would span and settle adequately. Hence it is conceivable that this form of step loaded brick/beam may have some landscaping appeal for edging borders or building a low wall. Reasonable dry strength is afforded and in double wall thickness would form a dry brick wall with some shock absorbtion qualities.

Hence the brick is shown in singular form in Figure )8 and in multiple form Figure tS.

In the first instance there is provided a brick or block Figure XB having a top surface interrupted by one step only to define upper and lower areas whereby one brick is engageable on an adjacent brick by abutting and "step loading" on to an adjacent brick relying on the weight of each brick so placed to provide stability.

In the second instance there is provided a brick or beam (FigureZ9) having: i) a top surface interrupted by multiple steps to define upper and lower areas; and ii) a bottom surface interrupted by multiple steps to define upper and lower areas, such that if the "brick" were "laid flat" as a beam the upper face would lie at an angle as would the lower face, whereby multiple lengths of such a brick or beam would engage and load upon each other efficient by allowing walls to be built very quickly. (Nb. an assembled view in Figure 36).

i)(th Consideration.

Step loaded bricks with adjustable cross ties.

Referring to the bricks cited within the ''t-d consideration Figures 11 12 13:~ three further bricks are identified Figures 31-32-33 These bricks correspond exactly in definition to the bricks cited within the fourth consideration as follows Figures 11 =31, 12 =32, 13 = 33, apart from the removal of the channels within Figures 3t, 32, 33, the bricks are identical.

A modification is now therefore defined which is the substitution of appertures within the same positional aspect of the channels and in accordance with the drawings Figures 31/ 33, Whereby any of the said bricks will locate in line with an adjacent brick on placement of a tie assembly illustrated within Figure 34.

Hence, there is provided in the first embodiment a brick Figure 3t defined in accordance with Figure t but having i) the channels removed and substituted within the same relationship of position by: ii) longitudinal appertures preferably 2 appertures for each recess placed equidistant from the longitudinal edges.

iii) the said appertures preferably cross shaped as in Figure 31.

(Nb the appertures may be square, triangular, round or frusto-conical).

In the second embodiment there is provided a brick Figure area defined in accordance with brick Figure If but having the channels removed and substituted by appertures in accordance with Figure 3t of the first embodiment.

In the third embodiment there is a brick Figure 33 defined in accordance with the brick Figure ts but having the channels removed and substituted by apparatus in accordance with Figure 31 in the first embodiment.

Whereby all bricks defined in Figures sr-3g-3S will locate with each other positively when engaged with a tie assembly (Figure 38). Nb. the tie assembly is adjustable.

Within the fourth embodiment of the consideration there is provided a tie assembly Figure 34 consisting of: i) a tiebar whereby a metal strip of continuous length having two edges, one flat face and a further face having raised protrustions spaced apart at intervals for locational purposes.

Such protrustions are preferably square or oblong but may be of any shaped pattern. The strip should be cut to length by the user.

To fit on this strip: ii) Dogs Figure36 which are flat pieces of metal which are frusto-conical in appearance in both directions away from the joint or centreline to provide easy location within the slot provided and: iii) have a punched section which will be cut through and pressed outward for a raised area to be present in a strip form open at each end of this area to allow the passage of the tie bar Figure 3 & This raised area will allow the "spaced area" of the tie bar to remain underneath the raised area (in compression) and will effect that the edges of theraised area of the dog will engage in contact with the protrusions of the tie bar to effect location.

iv) location is more positive by compressing the location area striking with a hammer whilst supported by a block for instance or a "spot weld". By using several dogs various adjustable and multi-purpose ties can be afforded.

v) a spaced Figure 53 can be supplied to locate Such is the tie that it will engage with other types of bricks mainly extruded modes where hollow sections are present, by virtue of being self-assembly; a self determination of location points on other modes of brick with numbers of or types of dog to use is now available.

Subsequent SQYenth Consideration The brick Figure 3 in conjunction with the tie assembly cited within Figure 36 form a building brick system independent of the step loaded bricks cited. Thus further to the tenth consideration disclosures concerning step loaded bricks with ties it is identified that: 1) the bricks cited within Figure 33 and definitions thereof exist as an independent system with tie assembly Figure 36 and definitions thereof. Such locations can be variable as can be such "dogs" within the tie system.

2) that the ties so cited effect as the basis of the type of location to be used and vice versa.

3) the application of Patent concerns steploaded bricks in the first instance which is the factor employed yet on moving Figure 23 into a separate system with the tie assembly, a unique and novel system of tying is pursued.

4) with the various "dogs" available for use with the tie bar and an alternative tie bar a range of tie systems are developed.

Hence prior to the expansion on alternative types of dog for use with adjustable tie bar to expand the adjustable system to- be compatible with other brick systems it is necessary to IDENTIFY that similarly to the brick identified within Figure 33 ALL OTHER BRICKS "specially designed to facilitate the adjustable ties/dogs to be hereafter cited will certainly have within their embodiment a percentage of claims from the inventor of the ties hence these should be registered as such. Existing bricks are encouraged to use such ties as are cited and of course can be modified for adoption of such ties cited without prejudice or claim upon the bricks.

The following tie systems evolve from the use of the tie bar basically as different designs of dog compatible with the said tie bar and are cited as follows.

i) Dogs to grip on uneven or texture surfaces Figure t.

Heavy duty dogs primarily for surface contact on heavy duty blocks Figure 3s. Nb. allen screws optional at point "X".

) Dogs to engage on a surface contact "spacerlink" situation or act as ties in their own right Figure 3q. Nb.

allen screws optional at "X" - vi Dogs of buttress type to act as spacers or tie assembly Figure O. Nb. allen screws optional at "X".

All above dogs are in accordance with the tie bar design and claimed accordingly.

It is reasonable to concieve a threaded bar could substitute as a tie bar particuarly in accordance with Figures 37-38-39 and could offer finer adjustment therefore an assembled tie assembly Figure X is cited having: a) a threaded bar with: b) dogs of mode (37 - 38) 39 in this case to accommodate the said bar are provided with a threaded apperture in preference to the slots illustrated within the drawings.

c) on assembly a washer, nut or threaded bush may act as a spacer between faces of multiple brick thickness in building walls.

Claims (17)

1. CLAIMS.

   A A brick block or beam comprising of a common step loaded faotor increasing stability and strength by accumulative weight in the first instance with the adjacent brick. In the second instance combining with a provisional location which will engage in a multi - locking arrangement extending to both upper and lower layers of bricks.

   Such locations may be embodied within the brick or beam or be separate entities i.e. inserts being used to form the said assembly.

   Thus figures OI - 04 - 21 provide for the1 dry building' ofsuch walls n. b. or with a minimal adhesive application.

   Figure II provides for the use of mortar and inserts (figure I4), figure 31 providing for the use of alternative inserts in the form of ties.

   2 Ancilliary bricks blocks or beams to form 1 or - bricks to support such a
2. 2 4 system whenused within application of the system. It is not directed at forms of 'L' shaped bricks which may exist for other application normally void of location. Figures 02, 05, 06, 07a, I2, 13, 17, I8, 32 & 33 as such are support units for the principal bricks claimed.
3. 3 Beams are claimed within the scope of the invention whereby beams or a combination of bricks or blocks with beams are used within the construc -tion of a wall. Figures &commat;5a, 06a, 07a and 09/08 are thus identified.
4. 4 The ancillary briclv block figure 02 support of figure OI forms an entirelly separate basis of claim to any preceding or following claim.

   As the step loading' factor is built in to this iurit via the tamer on the locational ends:each brick layed adjacent and interlocking bearing load on it's adjacent counterpart.

   Due to this location being longitudal extending and interlocking the brick will be in its own right 2 system which will link with up to six other bricks in unison.
5. 5 As in claim 4 a well built entirelly from the brick figure 02 will form a screen relatieellv impervious to dust penetration.
6. 6 The said brick figure 02 as claimed in claim 4 will if assembled as a wall using refractory cement and being of refractory type (acid resist -ant) provide both am acid resistant brick and a brick relatively -res -istant tothe penetration of water and other liquids.
7. 4 he brick figure 02 when used in conjunction with studs or spacers (fi -gures 03a and / or 03b ) would allow the filteration of air (gases) or liquids. Particularly when a wall is constructed using a bonded sea lant with appropriate bricks integral within the same wall using the said spacers a drainage, filter or controlled flow of liquid can be faci, -litated. Thus a claim 'filter screen brick' is afforded. This claim is made iw conjunction with claims 4 and 6.
8. 8 Further to claim 7 it is possible to contain an assembly of such brides figure 02 (with the said spacers in place) within a purpose made frame with an attached inner sluice gate, Rence such a 'filter screen brick' Is claimed separatelly in its own right.
9. 9 A further acid resistant or refractory type brick is claimed within the scope of the in vention relating to figures 04 to
10. IO inclusive partic -ularly figures 05a, 06a, 07a when the assembly forms illustrated in figures 08 and 09. As stated in the specification'bonding if required can effect with adhesive'. It is notexclulel from extending the minimum clearance required to use an adhesive bond to include a clearance for refractory cement should this adaptation be required.

    IO -Using bricks of refractory type basedon figures II, I2, and I3 in conj- -unction with refractory inserts based on figure I4 whereby a brick wall could be progressivelly laid dry for example by a relay lay low skilled worker; allowing for a progressive application by 'pumping of the relative refractory cement it is possible amore efficient method of tunnel kiln lining may now be identified( see assembly view figure 15).

    Hence claim IO relates to bricks identified in figures II, I2, 13.
11. II A brick slab or block allowing a lesser step loading capability being extended in strength by the provision of inserts figures 27,I8, 21 (being 'step loaded) and utilising slabs or paviors figures 19 and20 similarly provided with inserts to provide on assembly a low wall.

    As sucp ures223 and 24 identify typical landscape walls.

    The brick block or slab identified in figures I7 & 8 when used in the construction of a pathway will spread the load and is not prone to the normal 'sinking' of individual unlinked paviors see figure 25.

    Henceclaim II relates to the figures I7 to 25 inclusive being a system theclaim in a minimal aspect relates to figures 17 h I8 with the insert figure 22 forming a step loaded system as in claim I,
12. I2 A brick block or beam as in figure I8 used for building landscaped walls of low level or substancial( figure 26) with inserts as identified in figure22 for slab/brick use or more substancial in the case of large blocks or beams.
13. I3 A slab paviour or block in accordance with figure 27 to form an optic -nal radial unit which would with inserts form a spiral stepped or radial link to such walls.
14. I4 A brick block or beam in accordance with figure 29(assem)1v viewfig 30 ) for landscaped low walls /border edging or decorative wall capping.
15. I5 A brick as in figure of step loaded nature with complimentary bricks figures 32 & 3 which by introduction of a pressed apperture in the form of a cross facilitate when uoed with the tie assembly figure 34 provide a unique step loaded system which maybe tied longitudally in addition to traditional cross tie methods. THEZ'FURTHER A further advantage of random length material andaan optional multi dog positioning arrangement can offer total longitudaltying particularly in the vacinity of doors, windows and extd round corners by bending the length of bar. This step loaded system thus lends itself mainly to earth quake prone areas andwill as such minimise damagesto structures constructed by this method from minor tremors.

    Hence the systemis identified as having one claim as. asysI:em dependant on. the system as a whole in addition to claims.
16. I6 Further it is possible to claim that the brick figure 33 used with the tie assembly figure34 could form as an alternative system to the claim I5 but would be of lesser overallstrength appeal to ttandardise usingonebrick as opposed to the production of the full system deter- mines claim 16
17. 17 As thasystem is identified with an adjustable tie the following claims sunsequently are relevent ;;claim I7 adjustable ties thereby the tie bar has raised cssselations in the form of regular or irregular pattern ,slots grooves or other meansto secure a sliding dog and as such offering a longitudinal or multi - tying situation. (reference figure34 ).

    I8 As a threaded bar is itemised in figures it constitutes a further adjustable basis and as such similarly will follow previous claims I5 and I7.

    I8 The concept of adjustable ties extends from ties allowinng a multiple dog assembly and longitudal aspect to use of one fixed dog and one or more adjustable dogs.As stated the tie bars can be bended on site to required shape hence all shape tie bars using the means of dogs sliding or turning adjust ments onsuch bars are claimed0 I9 Fluted tie bars with dogs secured by screws were purposely omitted as such flutes would have to be cassellated or buttressed to remain secure and cazsellated tie bars are claimed in any case.