GB2194933A - Frames for pallets - Google Patents
Frames for pallets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2194933A GB2194933A GB08716021A GB8716021A GB2194933A GB 2194933 A GB2194933 A GB 2194933A GB 08716021 A GB08716021 A GB 08716021A GB 8716021 A GB8716021 A GB 8716021A GB 2194933 A GB2194933 A GB 2194933A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- tie
- supporting
- members
- supporting member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/02—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets
- B65D19/06—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components
- B65D19/08—Rigid pallets with side walls, e.g. box pallets with bodies formed by uniting or interconnecting two or more components made wholly or mainly of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00029—Wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00059—Metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00154—Materials for the side walls
- B65D2519/00164—Metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00368—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer
- B65D2519/00373—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer whereby at least one spacer is made of one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00492—Overall construction of the side walls
- B65D2519/00532—Frame structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00577—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other
- B65D2519/00582—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures intended to be disassembled, i.e. collapsible or dismountable
- B65D2519/00606—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures intended to be disassembled, i.e. collapsible or dismountable side walls connected via corner posts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00736—Details
- B65D2519/0098—Dismountable elements
- B65D2519/00995—Dismountable elements detachable elements of the side wall, i.e. not the whole wall
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
Abstract
A pallet frame has uprights 2 at each corner of the pallet connected by tie bars 3 which extend between adjacent pairs of uprights. Each tie bar 3 includes a tapered tongue 9 which is pushed down into a socket 6 located on an outwardly facing surface of the upright 2. The tongue is formed in a bent rectangular plate 7, the edge 8 of which abuts the upright 2. Any forces tending to pivot the tie bar relative to the upright are resisted by abutment of the edge 8 with the upright and/or by engagement of the tongue 9 with the socket 6. The edge 8 may abut the upright at a free edge which faces the adjacent upright or an outer face of the upright which is directed away from the adjacent upright. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Frames for pallets
The present invention relates to frames for pallets and to pallets including such frames.
The invention is particularly, although not exclusively applicable to pallets in which the frame extends above a first pallet and provides a support for a second frame or pallet located above and spaced from the first pallet.
It is known to provide a frame for a pallet comprising four angled sections extending upwardly from the corners of a square pallet and to provide two cross members between adjacent angled sections at spaced locations.
However, the attachment of the cross members to the angled sections has been achieved by including one or more holes in the angled sections and inserting therethrough a stud or studs on the cross members. The holes in the angled sections weakens the strength of the angled sections. The holes in the angled sections are shaped such that downwards movement of the cross members causes plates on the cross member to move towards surfaces on the angled sections which face each other.
As the pallets come in pre set sizes the distance between the surface of the angled sections which face each other is determined by the cross section of the angled sections. Accordingly the same cross members can only be used with angled sections having a particular width of angled section. Furthermore, as the cross members cooperate with the holes to move transversely as they move downwardly, as soon as the frame is subject to a twisting force the connection of the cross member to one of the angled sections may tend to ride up the angled section.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome at least some of the above disadvantages.
According to one aspect of the present invention a frame for a pallet includes a plurality of supporting members capable of extending upwardly from the corner regions of a pallet and a plurality of tie members each arranged to extend between two adjacent supporting members, at least one of the tie members being arranged to be supported by at least one of the supporting members by co-operation of the tie member with a slot having an upwardly facing opening on a side of the supporting member, the tie member being arranged further to cooperate with the or each supporting member including the slot by abutting an upwardly extending surface of the supporting member.With such a frame, when the tie member is supported by the supporting member and abuts the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member a strong frame is provided which is not weakened by holes being formed in the supporting member in order to connect the tie member, and additional strength or resistance to forces tending to twist the frame is provided by engagement of the tie member with the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member.
The tie member may be arranged to abut an upwardly extending surface of the supporting member which faces away from the other supporting member to which the tie member is arranged to be connected.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a frame for a pallet includes a plurality of supporting members capable of extending upwardly from the corner regions of a pallet and a plurality of tie members each arranged to extend between two adjacent supporting members, at least one of the tie members being arranged to be supported by one of the supporting members and to abut with an upwardly facing surface of the supporting member which surface faces away from the other supporting member to which the tie member is arranged to be connected.When the frame is assembled, abutment of the tie member with the surface on the supporting member provides additional strength to the frame or resistance to forces tending to twist the frame, and the feature of that surface on the supporting member facing away from the other supporting member to which the tie member is arranged to be connected allows a common tie member to be used with different strengthening members whose dimensions, when the frame is assembled, differ in their extent towards the adjacent supporting member or members. The tie member may be arranged to be supported by at least one of the supporting members by co-operation of the tie member with a support on a side of the supporting member.
The tie member may be arranged to abut the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member both above and below the extent of the tie member between supporting members.
The tie member may be provided with a plate arranged to be against a side of the supporting member when they are connected.
The plate may be arranged to extend into or through a socket on the supporting member and may be arranged to be a close fit within the socket. The plate may include an angled section arranged to abut the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member, which angled section may be integral with the plate.
The supporting member may include an angled section bar.
The frame may include one or more sections comprising a pair of spaced generally parallel supporting members permanently connected together, with one or more sections being arranged to be connected to each other or to other separate supporting members by tie members.
The present invention also includes a frame including a plurality of upwardly extending supporting members, adjacent supporting members in the frame being connected by at least one tie member in a manner as hereinbefore specified.
The invention may be carried into practice in various ways, but two embodiments will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a pallet converter frame including a pallet;
Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a part of the frame showing a first embodiment of a connection between a tie bar and an upright, and
Figure 3 is a view similar to that shown in
Fig. 2 of a second embodiment of the connection between a tie bar and an upright.
The pallet shown in Fig. 1 is intended for use on a square or rectangular pallet. It comprises of four uprights 2 and eight tie bars 3.
The uprights comprise of a length of angle iron with a square plate 4 welded at each end to form a foot, which rests flat on the floor, and a support at the other end to provide a similar plate for furthr pallet converters above.
Near to the bottom of each upright a small triangular or square plate 5 is welded to restrict the pallet from riding up when lifted by a fork-lift truck when the converter set is empty of goods.
Near the upper and lower end of each web of each angle is welded a socket 6, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
Each tie bar comprises of a metal strip, to each of which end is fixed a hook device 7 made from a rectangular plate with a narrow strip bent at a right angle on one edge of the longer side 8 of the plate so as to constitute a flat bearing surface against the upright angle when assembled. A slot is cut in the plate generally parallel to the flat bearing surface, so forming a tongue 9. The slot is cut in the plate such that the tongue tapers inwardly and downwardly on one side, as shown by the edge 10 of the tongue. When this plate is presented to the upright and the tongue 9 of this plate is pushed down into the socket 6, the edge 10 of the tongue 9 abuts the edge of the socket 6 to pull the longer side 8 of the bracket into firm engagement with the edge of the upright 2 thereby locking the tie bar to the upright and making the converter rigid.Thus any undue sway or rocking of the whole assembly is avoided and the plate is "locked" in position. The tie bar 3 may or may not rest on the upper edge of the socket 6, but in the preferred embodiment it is thought that the tie bar will be located just above the socket 6 in order that the locking feature provided by co-operation of the tapered edge 10 with the socket can maintain its maximum effect. Any forces tending to pivot- the tie bar relative to the upright are resisted by abutment of the strip 8 with the upright and/or by engagement of the tongue 9 with the socket. The tie bar 3 is located in the centre of the hook device thereby ensuring that the resistance to bending of the tie bar relative to the upright afforded by abutment of the longer side 8 with the upright is generally equal in both possible directions of attempted movement.
This method of connection can be applied to the upright such that the strip 8 abuts either the edge of the web of the angle, as shown in Fig. 2, or to the corner of the angle, as shown in Fig. 3. When the strip abuts the corner, as shown in Fig. 3, the same tie bars can be used for uprights having different widths of angle section as the distance between the corners of uprights will not vary for a given pallet size, even though the distance between the nearest portions of adjacent angle sections may vary.
The combination of uprights can vary either by having four separate uprights and eight tie bars, two tie bars attached to each side of the converter, or by having two frames each of which would be welded solid by means of an angle or flat strip welded to the uprights at the top and bottom. These two frames are then connected by four tie bars, two at each side, so forming the complete converter.
Claims (16)
1. A frame for a pallet, the frame including a plurality of supporting members capable of extending upwardly from corner regions of a pallet and a plurality of tie members each arranged to extend between two adjacent supporting members, at least one of the tie members being arranged to be supported by at least one of the supporting members by cooperation of the tie member with a slot having an upwardly facing opening on a side of the supporting member, the tie member being arranged further to co-operate with the or each supporting member including the slot by abuting an upwardly extending surface of the supporting member.
2. A frame as claimed in Claim 1 in which the tie member is arranged to abut an upwardly extending surface of the supporting member which faces away from the other supporting member to which the tie member is arranged to be connected.
3. A frame as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 in which the tie member is arranged to abut the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member both above and below the extent of the tie member between supporting members.
4. A frame as claimed in any preceding claim in which the tie member is provided with a plate arranged to be against a side of the supporting member when they are connected.
5. A frame as claimed in Claim 4 in which the plate is arranged to extend into or through a socket on the supporting member.
6. A frame as claimed in Claim 5 in which the plate is arranged to be a close fit within the socket.
7. A frame as claimed in Claim 4, 5 or 6 in which the plate includes an angled section arranged to abut the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member.
8. A frame as claimed in Claim 7 in which the angled section is integral with the plate.
9. A frame as claimed in any preceding claim in which at least one of the supporting members includes an angled section bar.
10. A frame as claimed in any preceding claim including one or more sections comprising a pair of spaced generally parallel supporting members permanently connected together, with one or more sections being arranged to be connected to each other or to other separate supporting members by the tie members.
11. A frame as claimed in any preceding claim in which the tie member is arranged to be held against the upwardly facing surface of the supporting member.
12. A frame as claimed in Claim 11 in which the tie member is arranged to be brought against the upwardly extending surface of the supporting member during assembly of the frame by virtue of the co-operation of the tie member with the slot.
13. A frame for a pallet, the frame including a plurality of supporting members capable of extending upwardly from the corner regions of a pallet and a plurality of tie members each arranged to extend between two adjacent supporting members, at least one of the tie members being arranged to be supported by one of the supporting members and to abut with an upwardly facing surface of the supporting member, which surface faces away from the other supporting member to which the tie member is arranged to be connected.
14. A frame as claimed in Claim 13 in which a tie member is arranged to be supported by at least one of the supporting members by co-operation of the tie member with a support on a side of the supporting member.
15. A frame for a pallet substantially as herein described with reference to, and as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
16. A frame as claimed in any preceding claim when assembled.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB868616946A GB8616946D0 (en) | 1986-07-11 | 1986-07-11 | Frames for pallets |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8716021D0 GB8716021D0 (en) | 1987-08-12 |
GB2194933A true GB2194933A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
GB2194933B GB2194933B (en) | 1989-12-20 |
Family
ID=10600905
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB868616946A Pending GB8616946D0 (en) | 1986-07-11 | 1986-07-11 | Frames for pallets |
GB8716021A Expired GB2194933B (en) | 1986-07-11 | 1987-07-08 | Frames for pallets |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB868616946A Pending GB8616946D0 (en) | 1986-07-11 | 1986-07-11 | Frames for pallets |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (2) | GB8616946D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2633588A1 (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1990-01-05 | Karpisek Ladislav | |
FR2690898A1 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-12 | Rlg Concepts | Reusable container assembly - uses pallet with L-sectioned rim on base with 4 side panels and corner pieces including top rim |
EP2733085A1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-21 | David Wright | Frame for pallets |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1052792A (en) * | ||||
GB771776A (en) * | 1955-07-26 | 1957-04-03 | Rubery Owen & Co Ltd | Improvements in pallets, boxes, collapsible furniture, screens, camping equipment, temporary latrines and the like |
GB1248375A (en) * | 1970-05-22 | 1971-09-29 | Crittall Hope Ltd | Improvements in pallet converters |
GB1327074A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1973-08-15 | Lawton Successors Ltd | Pallet convertor tie bars and pallet convertors |
GB1559971A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1980-01-30 | Birmingham Pallet Co Ltd | Pallet converters |
GB2036688A (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-07-02 | Lee M | Load handling pallets |
GB1575525A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1980-09-24 | Tilgate Metal Products Ltd | Pallet converter assemblies and connector bars therefor |
-
1986
- 1986-07-11 GB GB868616946A patent/GB8616946D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-07-08 GB GB8716021A patent/GB2194933B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1052792A (en) * | ||||
GB771776A (en) * | 1955-07-26 | 1957-04-03 | Rubery Owen & Co Ltd | Improvements in pallets, boxes, collapsible furniture, screens, camping equipment, temporary latrines and the like |
GB1248375A (en) * | 1970-05-22 | 1971-09-29 | Crittall Hope Ltd | Improvements in pallet converters |
GB1327074A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1973-08-15 | Lawton Successors Ltd | Pallet convertor tie bars and pallet convertors |
GB1559971A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1980-01-30 | Birmingham Pallet Co Ltd | Pallet converters |
GB1575525A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1980-09-24 | Tilgate Metal Products Ltd | Pallet converter assemblies and connector bars therefor |
GB2036688A (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-07-02 | Lee M | Load handling pallets |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2633588A1 (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1990-01-05 | Karpisek Ladislav | |
FR2690898A1 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-12 | Rlg Concepts | Reusable container assembly - uses pallet with L-sectioned rim on base with 4 side panels and corner pieces including top rim |
EP2733085A1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-21 | David Wright | Frame for pallets |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8716021D0 (en) | 1987-08-12 |
GB8616946D0 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
GB2194933B (en) | 1989-12-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
746 | Register noted 'licences of right' (sect. 46/1977) | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920708 |