GB2147931A

GB2147931A - Road inspection manhole

Info

Publication number: GB2147931A
Application number: GB08404182A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Jacques Francois Oger; Jean-Claude Hauer; Jean-Louis Freis
Original assignee: Pont a Mousson SA
Current assignee: Pont a Mousson SA
Priority date: 1980-10-17
Filing date: 1984-02-17
Publication date: 1985-05-22
Also published as: GB2085947B; GB2147931B; ES271808U; ES268791U; DE3141006A1; GB2085947A; IT1144896B; ES268791Y; ES271808Y; IT8168347A0; GB8404182D0; DE3141006C2

Abstract

The manhole has a frame 22 with a flange 35 to be embedded in the road and a movable cover 21 to fit in the ring 36 of the frame. The ring is constituted by three similar excresences 37. On its inside the ring 36 has three equi-angularly spaced helicoidal support surfaces 42 each downwardly sloping to the horizontal both in the circumferential and radial directions of the frame. At the root of each excresence 37 is an undercut helicoidal surface 43 spaced from but adjacent to each surface 42. On its underside the cover 21 has six helicoidal surfaces 31, 32. When the cover is on the frame the three surfaces 31 are parallel to the corresponding surfaces 42 and the three surfaces 32 are parallel to the corresponding surfaces 43. The surfaces 42, 43 on the frame abut the surfaces 31, 32 by which the cover is held against rocking. <IMAGE>

Description

1 GB 2 147 931 A 1

SPECIFICATION

Road inspection manhole This invention concerns a road inspection manhole or similar device of a type comprising a frame to be embedded in a road covering, and a movable cover which works in conjunction with the frame.

An object of the invention is to provide a manhole which, even if the cover and frame are rough cast, provides good stability of the cover under the effect of loads travelling ther eover, that is, the chance of the cover rocking is eliminated or at least considerably reduced. 80 According to the invention there is provided a road inspection manhole or similar device comprising a frame to be embedded into a road covering, a movable cover which works in conjunction with the frame, the frame hav- 85 ing on its periphery three support surfaces with a double slope extending downwardly in the circumferential and radical directions, and, between these three surfaces, the frame hav ing three counter support surfaces, and the cover having six surfaces which are respec tively parallel to said six surfaces of the frame and are provided to work in conjunction with the said six surfaces of the frame.

In preferably both the radial direction and 95 the circumferential direction, each support surface forms with the horizontal surface an angle included between the angle of friction of the cooperating surfaces of the frame and of the cover and the complement of this angle. Hence an automatic closing and an automatic centering of the cover are obtained by simple gravity when the support surfaces of the latter are placed on those of the frame.

If, moreover, the counter support surfaces 105 of the frame slope downwards in an overhang ing manner, the cover is locked, that is, it cannot lift up inopportunely under the effect of stresses applied to it during operation on the outside the supporting triangle defined by 110 the three support points.

It is desirable from the point of view of distribution of stresses that the six surfaces are distributed in a regular manner on the periphery of the frame and of the cover. In fact, when a stress is exerted on the outside of the supporting triangle, the approximately identical angular displacement between the alternate support surfaces and counter support surfaces leads to the existence of two more or less symmetrical antirocking devices, so that the stresses are limited within the material.

In one variant which is easy to cast, the support and countersupport surfaces consist of plane facets. However, if the rotational movements carried out by the cover as it is put into position is taken into account, as well as the manufacturing tolerances encountered in cast components for use on the highway, this often leads, in practice, to observing only 130 quasi-point contacts between the active surfaces of the cover and those of the frame, even after the hammering which takes place in operation under the effect of travelling loads.

This is why, in another embodiment which ensures a much better utilisation of the active surfaces of the frame and of the cover, especially when these are rough cast, the support surfaces and/or counter- support surfaces are skew surfaces of helicoidal appearance. This characteristic makes it possible to obtain contracts which are linear at the very least and are transformed after hammering into surface contacts.

In this case the said skew surfaces can each have a linear transverse cross section. In a modification which improves the automatic positioning of the cover, the support surfaces have a curvilinear transverse cross section, those of one of the two element of the inspection manhole being concave, and having a radius of curvature greater than those, which are convex, of the other element, at least in the regions of these support surfaces, which work in conjunction with one another.

The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the frame of an embodiment of inspection manhole formed according to the invention; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a cover to be used in conjunction with the frame in Fig.

1, the cover being shown as having been turned upside down and placed on the ground; Figure 3 is a diagram of a detail to illustrate the principle to which the frame in Fig. 1 conforms; Figure 4 is a diagrammatic illustration in plan view of the frame; Figure 5 shows a detail of Fig. 4 on a larger scale; Figure 6 is a developed cross-section diagram illustrating the principle governing cooperation between the frame and cover showing the circumference of the inspection chamber manhole with exaggeration of certain parts in the interests of clarity; Figure 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 of a modification of the inspection manhole shown in Figs. 1 to 6; Figure 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of a cover of another embodiment of an inspection manhole formed according to the invention, the cover being shown turned upside down and placed flat on the ground; Figure 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the frame to cooperate with the cover in Fig. 8; Figure 10 is a view of a fragment of the underneath of the cover in Fig. 9; Figure 11 is a fragmentary view of the top of the frame in Fig. 8; 2 Figures 12 and 13 are views similar to Figs. 10 and 11 respectively, illustrating a modification of the inspection manhole in Figs. 8 to 11, and Figure 14 is a diagram of a detail of modifi- 70 cation of the inspection manhole in Figs. 12 and 13.

The inspection manhole shown in Figs. 1 and 2 consist of two components namely for a frame 1 and a closing lid or cover 2, and both, for example, can be rough castings.

The purpose of the frame 1 is to be embedded into the road covering at the upper end of a shaft or cylindrical chimney (not shown). The frame has a cylindrical wall 3 with a vertical axis X-X. From the lower end of the wall 3 a horizontal support flange 4 extends outwardly and a collar 5 extends inwardly.

The collar 5 is interrupted at three places 6 which are spaced at a angle of substantially 120' from one another in such a manner as to define three sectors 7. In the middle of its length each sector 7 extends upwards and forms a projection 8 forming three sides of a quadrilateral, the upper side forming a plane support facet 9 which slopes both in the radial direction downwards starting from the wall 3, and in the circumferential direction downwards in clockwise direction in Fig. 1.

Moreover, the upstream end, in relation to the clockwise direction, of each sector 7 forms an excess thickness 10 whose upstream end face forms a plane facet which acts as a stop or counter support 11 which slopes downwards in an undercut or overhanging manner and, in plan view, is directed radially.

The facets 11 are displaced circumferenti ally by substantially 60' in relation of the facets 9 and are situated entirely below the 105 facets 9.

The cover 2 is a circular disc whose dia meter is slightly less than the internal dia meter of the cylindrical wall 3. Its upper face has anti-skid patterns in relief (not shown) and 110 its lower face has 6 peripheral projections and stiffening ribbing.

The projections of the cover comprise three blocks 12 and three projections 13 which are substantially vertical and of elongated shape, spaced alternately every 60' around the cover. In the operating position of the cover, each block 12 has a lower support surface 14 which is parallel to a said facet 9, that is, with double slopes and each projection 13 has at its end, on one side, a radial surface acting as a stop or counter support surface 15 parallel to a said facet 11. The stiffening ribbing comprises a central cylindrical collar 16, and three ribs 17 extending from the collar to- 125 wards the blocks 12.

Fig. 3 shows the double slope of the facet 9; a slope a to the horizontal in the circumfer ential direction and a slope 8 to the horizontal in the radial direction. Similarly Fig. 5 shows 130 GB2147931A 2 the slope 6 to the horizontal of a facet 11 A and the angle c which is formed by this facet 11 A with the horizontal in a plane with a cross section P which is perpendicular to a rocking axis B-B (Fig. 4) extending from the support 9 opposite the facet 11 A to another said support 9.

If 41 designates the coefficient of friction of the surfaces 14 and 15 on the facets 9 and 75 11, the following conditions are fulfilled:

<a<90' - (1) <,8<90' - (2) e>a + 24, (3) Figs. 3 and 5 and the relationships (1) to (3) apply likewise to the surfaces 14 and 15, respectively, of the cover 2. As an example, for cast components, it is possible to have = 20' and a and 8 of the order of 30 to 45.

When the cover is put in position, it is arranged coaxially with the wall 3 of the frame in such a manner that the surfaces 14 are approximately straight above the facets 9, the projections 13 being inserted freely into the interruptions 6 of the collar 5. By means of the condition (1) above, the cover descends of its own accord rotating around its axis, by simple gravity; owing to the condition (2) an automatic centering of the cover is achieved during this descent.

The descent of the cover stops when its surfaces 15 come into contact with the stopp- ing facets 11 of the frame, as shown in Fig6. In this position, the cover is perfectly stable and cannot rock.

If a force is applied within the support triangle defined by the three facets 9 it is balanced by the simple reaction of these facets. It is to be noted that owing to the presence of the angle 8, the cover is supported on the three facets 9 which, by means of tilting, procure an arch effect which makes a lighter geometry of the cover possible.

If the force is applied outside the support triangle (for example at point A in Fig. 4) the cover is stressed when rocking about the horizontal axis defined by the two adjacent supports 9. However, if the distance in horizontal projection from this axis to the two slopes 11 opposite the point A is designed by d this distance d, the difference in level h between the centres B of the support facets 9 and those C of the stop facets 11, and the angle c are chosen in such a manner that in the plane P which is that of Fig. 6, the circle centred at B and passing through C, clearly cuts through the upper part of the stop facet 11 (Fig. 6). This ensures a sufficient retention of the cover against rocking. The relationship (3) indicated above makes is possible to avoid any wedging in this position.

Hence the cover is perfectly stable. If, moreover, e<90' (facets 11 overhanging), as in 3 GB 2 147 931 A 3 the example under consideration, the cover is likewise locked, that is, it can only be lifted by a voluntary intervention turning it in the anticlockwise direction. The cover is thus auto- - matically closing, automatically centering, automatically locking and supported in the manner of an arch.

However, if locking is not desired, it is possible to retain the other characteristics of the cover by imparting to the angle - a value equal to or greater than 90', as shown in Fig.

7, provided that the other conditions de scribed above are retained. Only the weight of the cover and friction forces then resist its vertical extraction, and the facets 11 solely undertake the functions of a stop and an antirocking arrangement.

In practice the contacts 14-9 and 15-11 are in the first place point contacts, but a hammering of the metal takes place until the contact surfaces become sufficient to support the forces. The conditions indicated above concern the definitive position of the cover, after hammering. It is moreover, possible to contemplate providing harder active facets 9 and 11 on the frame (by using a different material or by means of heat treatment) in order to limit the hammering on the active surfaces 14 and 15 of the cover and to avoid any risk of inlaying these surfaces in the 95 facets 9 and 11, or conversely.

Moreover, the cover never descends per fectly coaxially to the frame. In fact, a first surface 15 meets the first associated facet 11, which becomes the centre of rotation, then a second surface 15 does the same. The cover can then either continue to be displaced to wards the third contact 15-11, or else be come immobilised in this pre-equilibrium posi tion, with only five points of contact. In this case, the first loads travelling over the cover and applied eccentrically thereto will make the cover slide further until the sixth point of contact 15-11 is obtained.

In a modification, a slight circumferential dissymmetry of the support and/or stopping surfaces can be provided in the horizontal plane, for example the three angular spacings can be 118% 118 and 124', in orderto have a single position for placing the cover on 115 the frame, and consequently, always preserve the same matching of the contact surfaces. In this case, it is useful to provide the cover and the frame with an angular positioning marker in order to facilitate the task of the operator.

In a further modification, the cover can have a different general shape from that of a disc; it can, for example, include an upper flat core and a peripheral downwardly directed skirt. Moreover, the six projections 12 and 13 125 of this cover can likewise be formed as an external radial projection.

The invention, of course, can likewise be applied to gulley holes or any other closing device for underground inspection or access.

The road inspection manhole shown in Figs. 8 to 11 consists of two rough cast ductile elements, that is, a movable lid or cover 21 and a frame 22 the purpose of which is to be fastened into the road surface and to be closed by the cover 21. Each of these elements 21 and 22 has a ternary symmetry about a common vertical axis X-X, that is, a repetition of similar points every 120' about the axis X-X.

The cover 21 comprises an upper horizontal eccentricity 23 and a peripheral vertical skirt 24 provided with three external reliefs 25 and radial and central sitffening lower ribs 26.

The eccentricity 23 is flat, relatively thin and of more or less circular shape. However, on each sector of 120, its radius increases slightly and ends in a radial side 27 which connects this sector with the root of the following sector. The upper face of the eccentricity 23 consists of antiskid patterns in relief (not shown).

The skirt 24 goes towards the bottom of the lower face of the eccentricity 23. It is cylindri- cal and approximately tangential to the circle of minimum radius of the eccentricity 23.

Each relief 25 is formed of a block whose lateral cross section is in the form of an evolutive curvilinear rectangular trapezium. The lower face 28 of this relief which is coplanar with that of the skirt 24 (Fig. 8 and 10), includes in particular a radial front side 29 and a sloping rear side 30. The direction of the side 30 varies from the face 28 to the lower face of the eccentricity 23 to form a helicoidal support surface 31. The side 29 remains radial and generates, from the face 28 to about half way up the skirt 24, a helicoidal counter-support surface 32 turned upwards. This surface 32 is extended upwards, up to the upper face of the eccentricity 23, by a flat facet 33 which is vertical and radial and approximately rectangular. The upper side of the facet 33 is formed by the side 27 of the associated sector of the eccentricity 23.

The relief 25 has in addition a peripheral face 34 with vertical generatrices following the external contour of the eccentricity 23.

Actually the surfaces described as vertical in this discribed as vertical in this description are slightly sloping to form a hollowed out angle to make removal from the mould easier.

The frame 22 includes a flat lower support flange 35 of annular shape from the internal periphery of which a cylindrical ring 36 ascends. This ring has the same shape in plan as the eccentricities 23 of the cover, that is it is circular with three excrescences 37, its internal radius at each point being slightly greater than the external radius of a corresponding point of the eccentricity 23. Vertical stiffening ribs 38 connect the ring 36 to the flange 35.

The ring 36 has a uniform thickness over 4 its whole periphery except at the root of each of its excrescences 37, where the ring is extended inside into a point 39 of excess thickness in the cavity defined by the following excrescence. Moreover, a block 40 projects into this cavity defining a second point 41 situated more or less opposite the end 39 but shifted in the circumferential direction and towards the bottom in relation to the end 39.

More precisely, from the side of the end 39, the block 40 has a helicoidal upper face 42 which forms a ramp or support surface combined with a support surface 31 of the cover, whilst the lower face 43 of the end 39 is helicoidal and forms a ramp or countersupport surface combined with a counter-support surface 32 of the cover.

The block 40 has an upper flat and horizontal surface 44 situated below the upper rim of the ring 36 by a distance which is greater than the total thickness of the eccentricity 23 with its anti-skid reliefs.

Finally, half way up the ring 39, a horizon tal internal rib 45 is provided, starting from the end of each block 40 opposite its end 41 90 and of decreasing width.

The general shape of the frame 22 and especially of the ends 39 and 41 is such that this frame can be moulded without a core like the cover 21, in such a manner that the 95 whole of the inspection manhole 21, 22 is very economical to make on an industrial scale.

In use, the frame 22 is embedded into the road covering and is flush with the surface of 100 the latter. In order to put the cover 21 into position, the base of the surfaces 31 of the cover is placed on the surfaces 42 of the frame. A slight pushing in the screwing direc tion is then sufficient to make the cover descent helicoidally following the axis X-X under the effects of its own weight.

During the course of this movement, the faces 31 slide on the ramps 42, and the reliefs 25 penetrate under the ends 39, until 110 the faces 22 comes into contact with the faces 43. There is then a double contact 31-42 and 32-43. Owing to the helicoidal shape of these surfaces, six contacts which are at least linear are obtained in a safe 11 manner and these become surface contacts after the hammering of the metal which takes place in operation under the effect of travelling loads.

Hence this inspection manhole differs from 120 the one described in Figs. 1-7 in two as pects:

(i) the support and counters-support surfaces are helicoidal with the advantage indicated above,and (ii) each counter support surface is close, in the circumferential direction, to the associated support surface which a view to simplifying casting. Apart from these differences, the in spection manhole of Figs. 8-11 has the same130 GB 2 147 931 A 4 characteristics as that of Figs. 1 -7.

The rflodification in Figs. 12 and 13 differs from that of Fig. 8 to 11 only in the shape of the generatrices of the support surfaces 31 A and 42A which makes a better automatic positioning of the cover possible. These generatrices are in fact arcs of a circle, convex for the surfaces 3 1 A and concave for the surfaces 42A. Along each surface the arc has constant radius, the radius R of the surfaces 42A being greater than the radius r of the surfaces 31 A- The cover comes into position of its own accord in the frame in the same manner as previously. In each section, the three contacts 31A-42A take place at the points of contact 46 of the associated quadrants of circles (Fig. 14). The angle x formed by the normal to the two quadrants in contact at the point 46 and the radial direction D of the cover passing through the centre of the quadrant of the circle of radius r under consideration is at the maximum equal to 60' and preferably, as shown, equal to 45'.

The cover is thus in initial contact with the frame following at least six helicoidal curved lines, as previously, and experience shows that the support lines passing through the point 46 are relatively well defined and are only decreased a little, for example, on the arc 47-48 of Fig. 14 centred on the point 46, on recentering of the cover which takes place in operation under the effect of the travelling loads.

In a modification, the form of the generatrices of the support surfaces 31A and 42A could be in horizontal cross-section a curve which differs by quarter of a circle.

In each of the two embodiments, the double slope is found towards the bottom of the support surfaces or of their tangent planes at the points of contact, described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 which the same considerations relating to the angles and the stability of the cover.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1 - A road inspection manhole or similar device comprising a frame to be embedded into a road covering, a movable cover which works in conjunction with the the frame, the frame having on its periphery three support surfaces with a double slope extending downwardly in the circumferential and radial directions, and, between these three surfaces, the frame having three counter-support surfaces, the cover having six surfaces which are respectively parallel to said six surfaces of the frame and are provided to work in conjunction with the said six surfaces of the frame, said six surfaces of the cover including three support surfaces which cooperate with the support surfaces of the frame, and the support surfaces of the cover and/or the support surfaces of the frame being skew surfaces of helicoidal form.

2. A road inspection manhole as claimed in claim 1, in which the said left hand sur faces (31; 42) each have a rectilinear transverse cross section (29, 30).

3. A road inspection manhole as claimed 70 in claim 1, in which the support surfaces (31A, 42A) have a curvilinear transverse cross section, those (43A) of one (21) of the two elements of the manhole being concave and having a radium of curvature (R) greater than 75 those which are convex (31A) of the other element (22), at least in the cooperating areas (47, 48) of these support surfaces.

4. A road inspection manhole as claimed in claim 3, in which the said curvilinear cross 80 section is in a quarter of a circle.

5. A road inspection manhole as claimed in claim 4, in which the quarters of the circle of all the lateral cross sections are of the same radius (R, r).

6. A road inspection manhole as claimed in any one preceding claim, in which each counter support surface (32, 43) of each element (21, 22) of the inspection manhole is close, in the circumferential direction, to the associated support surface (31, 42; 31A, 42A).

7. A road inspection manhole substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.

Printed in the Un 1 ted Kingdom for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Dd 8818935, 1985. 4235. Published at The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London. WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.

7. A road inspection manhole substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 8 to 11 or Figs. 12 to 14 of the accompanying drawings.

CLAIMS Amendments to the claims have been filed, and have the following effect:- All Claims above have been de- leted or textually amended. New or textually amended claims have been filed as follows:40 1. A road inspection manhole or similar device comprising a substantially circular frame component to be embedded into a road covering, and a movable substantially circular cover component which is insertable into and works in conjunction with the frame, the frame having on its periphery three first support surfaces each formed as a part helicoidal surface which extends downwardly in both the circumferential and radial directions of the frame, and, between these three surfaces, the frame having three second support surfaces, the cover having three first support surfaces which are part helicoidal surfaces respectively parallel and complementary to said support surfaces of frame and the cover having three second support surfaces which are respectively parallel and complementary to said second support surfaces of the frame, the first and second support surfaces of the cover being provided to engage and work in conjunction with the first and second support surfaces respectively.

2. A road inspection manhole as claimed in Claim 1, in which the said helicoidal su- faces of the cover and the frame each have a GB2147931A 5 rectilinear transverse cross section.

3. A road inspection manhole as claimed in claim 1, in which the support surfaces of the cover and the frame have a curvilinear transverse cross section, these helicoidal surfaces of one or other of the frame or the cover component being concave in cross-section and the complementary helicoidal surfaces of the other component being convex in cross-section, said concave surfaces having a radius of curvature greater than that of the convex surfaces, at least in the cooperating areas of these surfaces.

4. A road inspection manhole as claimed in claim 3, in which the said curvilinear cross sections are each a quarter of a circle.

5. A road inspection manhole as claimed in claim 4, wherein the quarters of a circle which are convex surfaces all have the same radius and the quarters of a circle which are concave surfaces all have the same radius as each other.

6. A road inspection manhole as claimed in any one preceding claim, in which each second support surface of the frame and the cover is close, in the circumferential direction, to the associated first support surface.