GB2106888A - Castable refractory for ladle lining - Google Patents

Castable refractory for ladle lining Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2106888A
GB2106888A GB08226566A GB8226566A GB2106888A GB 2106888 A GB2106888 A GB 2106888A GB 08226566 A GB08226566 A GB 08226566A GB 8226566 A GB8226566 A GB 8226566A GB 2106888 A GB2106888 A GB 2106888A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
castable
castable refractory
refractory
zircon
silica
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Granted
Application number
GB08226566A
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GB2106888B (en
Inventor
Kiyomi Taguchi
Masaaki Nishi
Noriaki Morishita
Shigeo Yoshino
Yoshihisa Hamazaki
Kenji Ichikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shinagawa Refractories Co Ltd
Shinagawa Shiro Renga KK
JFE Engineering Corp
Original Assignee
Shinagawa Refractories Co Ltd
Shinagawa Shiro Renga KK
Nippon Kokan Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of GB2106888A publication Critical patent/GB2106888A/en
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Publication of GB2106888B publication Critical patent/GB2106888B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/06—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/02—Linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/481—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing silicon, e.g. zircon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass

Abstract

A castable refractory for ladies comprises a siliceous raw material e.g. silica or agalmatolite and zircon as a principal refractory aggregate, and alumina cement mixed with the aggregate. The alumina content is limited to 5.0-1.0% by weight of the castable refractory as a whole.

Description

SPECIFICATION Castable refractory for ladle lining The present invention relates to a castable refractory usable for lining vessels which are generally known as ladles and adapted to transport or serve as reaction vessels for high temperature molten metals such as molten iron and steel.
In recent years, there has been an ever increasing tendency toward using, as the lining refractory materials for ladles, castable refractories which are formed by adding 6 to 8% of water as well as such additions as a binding agent, deflocculating agent, flocculating agent, curing agent and drying promoting agent to amorphous refractory materials and mixing together and are then installed in position by casting, and a variety of castable refractories have been developed and in use.
The cast lining installation with such castable refractories has the advantages of the saving of labor due to the mechanized installation, the improved operating environment, the simplification of partial patching repairing and so on.
The castable refractories for ladle linings generally use, as principal raw materials, refractory materials of silica type, silica-zircon type, zircon type, etc., and they are roughly divided into hydraulic setting castable refractories using alumina cement as a binding agent and clay-bonded castable refractories using a pulverized fireclay such as kibusi-clay or kaolin as a binding agent.
The former hydraulic setting castable refractories usually contain 10% by weight or more of the binding agent or alumina cement and therefore they are disadvantageous in use in that not only the hot properties at elevated temperatures of over 1,200"C are deteriorated and the strength is deteriorated considerably due to dehydration at the intermediate temperatures between 800 and 1,000"C, but also particularly in the case of the castable refractories which contain silica (SiO2) as a principal constituent and are made hydraulically settable by the addition of alumina cement any excessive amount of Al2O3 considerably decreases the fusing temperature and thus they are made unsuitable for use as refractories for ladle linings.
In the case of the later clay-bonded castable refractories, Al2O3 and CaO due to the flocculating agent, i.e., calcium aluminate or calcium hydroxide, the principal raw materials, i.e., siliceous material and zircon, fireclay, etc., cause the formation of fusing point decreasing substances in the castable refractories containing silica as the principal constituent with the resulting deterioration in the melting loss properties of the ladle linings formed by the siliceous refractories, and moreover the sintering at the heat receiving surface is promoted with the result that if the surface is subjected to the repeated heat cycle of heating and cooling, spalling damage will be frequently caused to the surface with the resulting decrease in the service life of the ladle.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide an improved castable refractory which is capable of overcoming the foregoing deficiencies in the prior art ladle lining castable refractories containing silica as a principal constituent and which is excellent in the resistance to corrosion due to the molten slags and molten steel in the ladle and excellent in the resistance to thermal spalling due to the repeated heat cycles of heating and cooling.
In accordance with one form of this invention there is thus provided a castable refractory for ladle linings which is formed by adding alumina cement to a refractory aggregate consisting of a siliceous raw material and zircon and which features that the alumina (Al203) content is in the range of 5.0 to 1.0% by weight of the whole. The siliceous raw material used with this invention preferably comprises a mixture of one or more of silica sand, silica, agalmatolite and amorphous silica and the particle size of the aggregate is preferably less than 6.0mm. While the main constituent of zircon (ZrSiO4) preferably comprises fine powder of less than 0.3mm, highzircon substances having a maximum particle size of less than 6.0mm are also usable.The suitable alumina cement may be any of the commercially available cements, and it may for example be the ALCOA CA-25 (Aluminium Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.), DENKA HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT SUPER (Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan), SECAR-250 (Lafarge Fondu International, France) or the first- or second-class alumina cement specified by JIS R251 1.
In accordance with the invention the alumina cement content should preferably be in the range of 0.5 to 2.0% by weight to 100 of the refractory aggregate. This has the purpose of decreasing the alumina content of the whole castable refractory as will be mentioned later and the alumina cement content of less than 0.5% by weight increases the setting time after the installation of the castable refractory with the resulting trouble in the operation of the ladle. If the alumina cement content is over 2.0% by weight, the amounts of CaO and Al2O3 are increased with the resulting undesirable effect of tending to decrease the fusing point of the castable refractory and causing oversintering in the high temperature range.
The above and other objects and features of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of its preferred embodiments.
Figure 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the alumina content (abscissa) and the refractoriness of castable refractories with the ordinate showing the numerical values of the refractoriness in terms of temperatures.
In accordance with the castable refractory of this invention containing silica as a principal constituent, the most important feature residues in that the castable refractory is prepared in such a manner that the content of alumina (Al203) in the total amount of the chemical composition of its starting raw materials, i.e., siliceous aggregate, zircon and fireclay and alumina cement ranges from 5.0 to 1.0% by weight.
The Figure shows the effect of the alumina content of the silica-zircon castable refractory on the refractoriness. In this case, the refractorinesses were measured by forming and setting test cones on a refractory base in accordance with the test method of JIS R2204, heating the cones in a heating furnace at a uniform heating rate of about 1 0 C/min for temperatures above 1,000"C and measuring the temperatures at which the tips of the cones softened or fused and bent touched the base (hereinafter refered to as fusion tipping temperatures).
From Fig. 1 it will be seen that the fusion topping temperature of the castable refractory decreases considerably with increase in the Al203 content. The melting loss of a ladle during use increases with decrease in the fusion tipping temperature and also the sintering shrinkage causes the occurrence of cracking and spalling phenomena.
Next, as regards the alumina content, the minimum requirement of the alumina cement and the AI2O3 contents of the refractory aggregate, etc., in the composition are taken into consideration and it is determined that the lower limit must be 1.0% by weight and the upper limit must be set to 5.0% by weight since the fusion tipping temperature required for the ladle lining refractory cannot be ensured by the contents exceeding 5.0% by weight.
With the castable refractory according to the invention, the addition in small amounts of sodium phosphate or sodium aluminate as a deflocculating agent for increasing the flowability during installation, calcium hydroxide as a setting promotor for alumina cement, metal aluminum as a drying promotor is effective for improving the installation efficiency and facilitating the setting and drying of the refractory.
The following Tables 1 a and 1 b show respectively the compounding ratios, chemical compositions, physical properties and practical results in ladle use of the examples of the invention and the conventional fireclay-bonded castable refratories. Also, the following Table 2 shows the chemical analysises of the raw materials used in the castable refractories of Tables 1 a and 1b.
Table la
Examples of the Invention Example 1 Example 2 EXample 3 Silica, less than 6mm in 25 23 6 particle size 25 P Acalmatolitet less than 19 a 6mm in particle size Zircon, 4 Zircon, less than 0.3man 70 70 70 C Silica flour 2 as Fireclay 2 ~1 6 4 w Hiohralumina cement 1 1 JIS R2511 lst-class alumina cenent 1.5 u Soda phosphate 0.1 0.1 0.1 o SCa(CH)2 0.02 ~ 0.02 . . ..
Borax 0.03 FUsion tipping temperature (OC) 1780 1760 1750 Chemical AL 203 1.6 2.9 3.8 compositions II SiC 50.2 48.9 46.9 (wt%) Zero2 46.6 46.6 46.6 l ìCaO 0.3 0.6 0.4 Physical Percent linear +3.4 +1.7 +2.0 properties change (0) properties rupture 66 100 70 (after lhr (Kg/cr) at 16009C) Crushing strength 300 460 400 (Kg/arn2) Apparent porosity(%) 21.6 ; 16.5 20.2 Bulk specific gravity 2.76 mstallation water content ($) 5.5 6.3 6.7 I Resuits of actual use in nolten Crack, spal- Crack, spal- Cmck, spal ;metal ladle of 250t capacity lins: SM11; ling: lins: nodemte; m3derate; Average Average Avetage service service service life=100 life=65 life=62 charges charges charges Table Ib
Prior art fireclay-bonded castable refractories Ocmparative Camparative O;mparatine - ewPrp?le 1 example 2 ewmple 3 & tt. in particle size ~ 6mm in particle size 0 Zircon, less than 0.3mum 70 70 70 4J 2 Fireclay 6 4 10 tn High alumina cement 1 1 JIS JIS R2511 lst-class alumina 1.5 cement Soda phosphate 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ca (OH)2 0.03 0.01 0.03 Fusion tipping texnperature (OC) 1710 1680 1570 Chemical M203 5.5 5.5 6.3 Canpositions (will six2 45.7 45.6 44.5 Zero2 46.6 46.6 46.6 CaO 0.4 0.6 0.4 Physical Percent linear +0.63 +0.31 -0.13 properties Change (%) after modulus of rupture 130 140 170 , (Kg/cm2) (after Thr CrusDg strength 550 580 650 (Kg/cm) at 1600 & Apparent porosity(96) 12.4 10.9 Wllk specific 2.89 2.90 2.92 gravity Installation water content ($) 6.7 6.7 7.0 Results of actua us in rmlten Crack, spal- Ditto; Ditto; metal ladle of 250t capacity li"g: many; Average Average Average service service service life=47 life=45 life=35 charges charges charges Table 2 (wt 96)
Si02 Felon Al2O3 CaO ZrO2 Silica 99.5 0.2 0.1 tr Agalmatolite 84.9 0.3 12.1 0.1 Zircon 32.6 0.1 0.4 tr 66.3 Silica flour 89.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 Fireclay 1 44.5 0.8 38.5 tr Fireclay 2 55.2 1.4 29.8 0.3 Fireclay 3 55.7 2.3 29.0 0.6 High-alumina 0.3 0.4 73.4 25.5 cement JIS R2511 lst-class 3.5 1.2 53.9 38.8 alumina cement While the Example 1 is a silica-zircon castable refractory containing 70% by weight of zircon, the alumina cement content is 1.0% by weight and the Al2O3 content of the castable refractory as a whole is 1.6% by weight amounting to less than 1/3 of those in the conventional fireclaybonded castable refractories. Thus, its fusion tipping temperature is as high as 1,780 C and il: hardly sinterable as compared with the conventional castable refractories as will be seen from the physical properties after heating.The results of the actual use in the 250t-molten steel ladle show that there is practically no occurrence of cracking and spalling and the service life is about two times that of the conventional castable refractories or 100 charges.
The Example 2 is a silica-zircon castable refractory containing 70% by weight of zircon and its fireclay content and alumina cement content are respectively 3 times and 1.5 times those of the Example 1 thus increasing the over-all Al203 content to 2.9% by weight. As a result, while the fusion tipping temperature is lower by 20"C and the sinterability is slightly higher in view of the physical properties, the actual use in the molten metal ladle shows excellent corrosion resistance and an excellent average number of runs of as high as 65 charges.
The Example 3 is an agalmatolite-zircon castable refractory containing 70% by weight of zircon and its total Al2O3 content is increased to 3.8% due to the addition of Al2O3 from the agalmatolite aggregate and the addition of 1.0% by weight of alumina cement. However, the results of the use in the 250 t-molten metal ladle show excellent corrosion resistance and excellent cracking and spalling properties as compared with those of the conventional agalmatolite-zircon clay-bonded castable refractories. While the occurrence of cracking and spalling is seen in some parts and the average number of runs is 62 charges and less than that of the Example 1, the castable refractory of the Example 3 is quite worthy of use in practical applications.
From the foregoing detailed description it will be seen that in accordance with the knowledges of the effects of the fusion tipping temperature of a castable refractory consisting essentially of silica on its corrosion resitance and cracking and spalling properties and hence the service life of a ladle and of the correlation between the fusion tipping temperature and the Al2O3 content, the total alumina content of the castable refractory is limited to 5.0 to 1.0% by weight thereby providing a castable refractory for ladle lining purposes having a long life which has never been attained in the past or about two times those of the conventional fireclay-bonded castable refractories.

Claims (5)

1. A castable refractory for ladle linings which comprises a mixture of a refractory aggregate comprising a siliceous raw material and a zircon, and an alumina cement, the alumina (Al2O3) content comprising between 5.0 and 1.0 percent by weight of said castable refractory.
2. A castable refractory according to Claim 1, wherein said siliceous raw material comprises an aggregate consisting of one or more substances selected from silica sand, silica, agalmatolite and amorphous silica, and having a particle size of less than 6.0mm.
3. A castable refractory according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein said zircon comprises an aggregate having a particle size of less than 6.0mm.
4. A castable refractory according to any preceding Claim, wherein said alumina cement comprises between 0.5 and 2.0% by weight of said refractory aggregate.
5. A castable refractory according to Claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any of the Examples.
GB08226566A 1981-09-24 1982-09-17 Castable refractory for ladle lining Expired GB2106888B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56149310A JPS6049156B2 (en) 1981-09-24 1981-09-24 Fireproof castable for ladle lining

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2106888A true GB2106888A (en) 1983-04-20
GB2106888B GB2106888B (en) 1985-06-05

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JP (1) JPS6049156B2 (en)
KR (1) KR860001760B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3235244A1 (en)
EG (1) EG16012A (en)
FR (1) FR2513242A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2106888B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5039345A (en) * 1988-04-05 1991-08-13 Advanced Metals Technology Corp. Fiber composite article and method of manufacture
EP0453673A1 (en) * 1988-04-05 1991-10-30 Advanced Metals Technology Corp Fibre composite article and method of manufacture therof
US5880404A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-03-09 Advanced Metals Technology Corporation Power transmission support structures

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3059998B1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2022-07-15 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches ZIRCON-BASED SINTERED CONCRETE

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE756874A (en) * 1969-10-08 1971-03-01 Prost Sa REFRACTORY COMPOSITIONS WITH HYDRAULIC TAP
JPS5454118A (en) * 1977-10-07 1979-04-28 Nippon Steel Corp Stamp material for molten metal vessel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5039345A (en) * 1988-04-05 1991-08-13 Advanced Metals Technology Corp. Fiber composite article and method of manufacture
EP0453673A1 (en) * 1988-04-05 1991-10-30 Advanced Metals Technology Corp Fibre composite article and method of manufacture therof
US5880404A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-03-09 Advanced Metals Technology Corporation Power transmission support structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR840001532A (en) 1984-05-07
DE3235244A1 (en) 1983-04-07
DE3235244C2 (en) 1987-11-19
EG16012A (en) 1986-09-30
FR2513242A1 (en) 1983-03-25
JPS6049156B2 (en) 1985-10-31
FR2513242B1 (en) 1985-05-24
JPS5855379A (en) 1983-04-01
KR860001760B1 (en) 1986-10-21
GB2106888B (en) 1985-06-05

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Effective date: 19940917