GB2056692A - Magnetic measurement of position and/or speed of a piston - Google Patents

Magnetic measurement of position and/or speed of a piston Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2056692A
GB2056692A GB8026619A GB8026619A GB2056692A GB 2056692 A GB2056692 A GB 2056692A GB 8026619 A GB8026619 A GB 8026619A GB 8026619 A GB8026619 A GB 8026619A GB 2056692 A GB2056692 A GB 2056692A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
moving part
magnetic
piston
piston rod
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB8026619A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of GB2056692A publication Critical patent/GB2056692A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2892Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke characterised by the attachment means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2846Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using detection of markings, e.g. markings on the piston rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2861Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using magnetic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/02Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
    • G01P13/04Indicating positive or negative direction of a linear movement or clockwise or anti-clockwise direction of a rotational movement
    • G01P13/045Indicating positive or negative direction of a linear movement or clockwise or anti-clockwise direction of a rotational movement with speed indication
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/50Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring linear speed
    • G01P3/54Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring linear speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B60G2204/112Mounting of sensors thereon on dampers, e.g. fluid dampers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/20Speed
    • B60G2400/202Piston speed; Relative velocity between vehicle body and wheel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/25Stroke; Height; Displacement
    • B60G2400/252Stroke; Height; Displacement vertical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/17Magnetic/Electromagnetic
    • B60G2401/172Hall effect

Abstract

A plurality of alternately differing magnetic fields (6, 7) are provided in a piston rod 4 alternating in the direction of movement thereof, and magnetic- field dependent generators (8, 9) are disposed on a stationary part, such as the cylinder or a member which extends within a hollow piston rod Figure 4 (not shown). The magnetic field variation can be of polarity or magnitude. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Device for the contactless measurement of position and speed The invention relates to a piston and cylinder device having means for the contactless measurement of the position and/or speed of the moving part of the device.
The control and regulation of piston and cylinder devices, particularly hydraulic and pneumatic units, requires a measuring means by which the instantaneous position and speed of the moving part can be detected. For reasons of wear, it is desirable to be able to sense the measured value in a contactless manner.
In accordance with the invention, this object is achieved in that the moving part carries a plurality of different magnetic fields which alternate in the direction of movemnt of the moving part, and that a magnetic-field-dependent generator is arranged on the stationary part. In a further development of the invention, it is particularly advantageous to dispose north and south poles in an alternating sequence on the surface of the moving part.
Further refinements are disclosed in the illustrated embodiments which will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings: Figure 1 shows, in accordance with the invention, a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder in an axial, longitudinal section, Figure 2 is a graph of the characteristic of a position-dependent voltage U when using a Hall generator as a magnetic field dependent generator, Figure 3 is a graph relating to another generator, and Figure 4 shows another embodiment having a hollow-bored piston rod.
Figures 5to 8 are cross sections through a piston rod having magnetic materials arranged in different ways.
In the embodiment of Figure 1, the piston 1 of a hydraulic cylinder 3 is guided in a working bore 2 of the cylinder 3 and is mounted on the end of a piston rod4.
As is shown by the portion of the piston rod drawn to an enlarged scale and indicated at 5, the surface of the piston rod 4 has a plurality of magnetic zones 6 and 7 which are disposed one behind the other in the direction of movement of the piston rod and which are produced in the piston rod, made from magnetizable material, by polarization extending transversely of the longitudinal direction. In the illustrated embodiment, each individual zone 7 is polarized in the opposite direction to that of its adjacent zone 7.
Two magnetic-field-dependent generators 8 and 9, which in the illustrated embodiment can comprise Hall generators, are located opposite the surface of the piston rod 4 which is magnetically polarized in this manner. Each of the Hall generators generates an output voltage whose magnitude and direction are dependent upon the magnetic field prevailing at the sensing location. The sinusoidal characteristic of the output voltage U (shown in Figure 2) of the Hall generator 8 is then produced in dependence upon the distances covered by the piston.The second Hall generator 9 can be disposed in the cylinder wall 3 so as to be offset in the axial direction of the cylinder, such that its distance from the first Hall generator 8 corresponds to half a pole pitch of the differing magnetic zones 6 and 7, and thus the second Hall generator likewise generates over the distances a sinusoidal voltage which, however, is dephased electrically by 90" relative to that of the first Hall generator and consequently indicates whether the piston 1 is moving forwardly or backwardly.
The pulse-shaped characteristic of the indication voltage Ua illustrated in Figure 3 can be generated by using reed contacts as magnetic-field-dependent generators which close when the magnetic field acting upon them reaches a predetermined minimum intensity. The individual pulses 11, 12, 13 etc.
can be fed in a simple manner to a memory or to a digital counter (not illustrated) which, in accordance with the number of pulses stored, indicates the position reached at any given time.
In the embodiment of Figure 4, the piston rod 4 of the hydraulic device (not otherwise illustrated) incorporates a central longitudinal bore 15 into which extends a stationary sensing rod 16 whose free end carries a magnetic-field-dependent generator, a Hall generator 17 in the illustrated embodiment. A seperately manufactured magnetic strip 18 is disposed on the wall 15 of bore and parallel to the axis (not designated) at the bore. In the same manner as is indicated at 5 in Figure 1, the magnetic strip incorporates north and south magnetic poles which alternate in the direction of movement and which generate in the Hall generator a positive or negative and weak or strong output voltage according to the position of the piston rod.
If it is not possible to make the piston rod from a material in which the magnetization is reliably maintained for the life-time of the device, it is also possible, as is shown by the embodiments of Figure 5 to 8, to introduce into the piston rod 4 a special magnetic material whose fields can be sensed externally by magnetic-field-dependent generators 8 and 9 in the manner shown in Figure 1.
In detail, in the embodiment of Figure 5, a groove 21 is milled along a peripheral surface line of the piston rod 4 which is of circular cross section and which is made from magnetizable or nonmagnetizable material. A magnetic material 22 is placed into the groove 21 and its free outer surface is provided with an alternating magnetic field of the kind indicated at 5 in Figure 1.
In the embodiment of Figure 6, a longitudinal groove 21 is milled in the piston 4 which is also made from magnetizable or non-magnetizable material, although, in contrast to Figure 5, the outside 25 and the longitudinal sides of the magnetic material placed into the groove are additionally encased in non-magnetic material, so that the magnetic material can be better connected to the piston rod and, together therewith, can be ground to obtain a smooth surface. This is particularly advantageous when the magnetic material used is relatively soft as in the case of, for example, plastoferrites.
In the embodiment of Figure 7, a magnetic material 22 is placed into the longitudinal groove 21 in the same manner as in Figure 5, the outside of which magnetic material follows the contour of the cylindrical piston rod 4 and is retained by a shrunk-on, thin-walled tube 26 made from non-magnetic material.
In the embodiment of Figure 8, the piston rod 4 made from non-magnetizable material incorporates a bore 27 which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod and which is close to the outer periphery 28 of the piston rod 4 and accommodates an inserted, transversely magnetized magnetic material 29.
In all the embodiments of Figures 5 to 8, the magnetic material is magnetized with alternate polarities at short distances apart and, with respect to one or several magnetic generators of the kind shown at 8 and 9 in Figure 1, results in an alternating magnetic field which, upon adjustment of the piston rod, leads to position-dependent output voltages from the generator or generators. The special advantage of the device in accordance with the invention resides in the fact that it can measure position or speed with a resolution of approximately 1 mum, and that the device can be constructed in a simpie manner and renders it possible to perform measuring operations in a trouble-free manner at locations to which it is difficult to gain access.
It will be understood that instead of using alternatively poled magnetic fields, magnetic fields of different strength could be used i.e. to give relatevly strong and weak fields.

Claims (7)

1. A piston and cylinder device comprising means for the contactless measurement of speed andior position of the moving part of the device, wherein said means comprises a plurality of alternatively differing magnetic fields provided in the moving part of the device and alternating in the direction of movement thereof, and a magnetic-field dependent generator disposed on the stationary part.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least two generators are disposed one behind the other in the direction of movement.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein north and south magnetic poles are disposed in an alternating sequence on the surface of the moving part.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the moving part, has a plurality of magnetically relatively weak and strong zones which alternate in the direction of movement of the part.
5. A device as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the moving part incorporates a recess which extends in the direction of movement and which accommodates a rod which is made from magnetizable material and which incorporates in its longitudinal direction said magnetic fields.
6. A device according to any of the preceeding claims wherein the moving part is the piston of the device.
7. A piston and cylinder device comprising means for the contactless measurement of the position and/or speed of the moving part of the device, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB8026619A 1979-08-18 1980-08-15 Magnetic measurement of position and/or speed of a piston Withdrawn GB2056692A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792933557 DE2933557C2 (en) 1979-08-18 1979-08-18 Transmitter for non-contact distance or speed measurement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2056692A true GB2056692A (en) 1981-03-18

Family

ID=6078800

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8026619A Withdrawn GB2056692A (en) 1979-08-18 1980-08-15 Magnetic measurement of position and/or speed of a piston

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5630602A (en)
DE (1) DE2933557C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2463933A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2056692A (en)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2503609A1 (en) * 1979-11-14 1982-10-15 Festo Maschf Stoll G POSITION DETECTOR FOR WORKING CYLINDER
FR2513341A1 (en) * 1981-09-04 1983-03-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia PUSH-PISTON MECHANISM, ESPECIALLY FOR SIZE HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING PERMANENT MAGNETS IN THE PISTON ROD, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE PISTON ROD IN WHICH PERMANENT MAGNETS ARE BORN
FR2513370A1 (en) * 1981-09-24 1983-03-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia HYDRAULIC MECHANISM WITH PUSH PISTON, PARTICULARLY FOR USE AS A RIPAGE AND ADVANCING CYLINDER IN UNDERGROUND OPERATIONS, INCLUDING PERMANENT MAGNETS MOUNTED IN THE PISTON ROD
US4378726A (en) * 1979-11-24 1983-04-05 Kurt Stoll Piston designed for use with a magnetic force pickup
GB2116703A (en) * 1982-02-25 1983-09-28 Waugh Controls Corp Position sensor for flowmeter prover
DE3241525A1 (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-10 Wabco Westinghouse Steuerungstechnik GmbH & Co, 3000 Hannover DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSITION OR / AND SPEED OF THE PISTON OF A WORK CYLINDER
GB2131178A (en) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-13 Peutec Limited Piston position transducer
GB2157831A (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-10-30 Emhart Ind Magnetically monitoring the movement of a rod
DE3442879A1 (en) * 1984-11-24 1986-05-28 Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH, 3000 Hannover Device for detecting the relative position of two parts which can move with respect to one another
GB2182151A (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-07 Sokkisha Coaxial linear magnetic scale apparatus
US4756229A (en) * 1986-09-25 1988-07-12 United Technologies Corporation Digital motor feedback for a position actuator
US4876945A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-10-31 Festo Kg Piston and cylinder unit
EP0376496A2 (en) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-04 Pitney Bowes, Inc. Mail thickness measuring apparatus
GB2232770A (en) * 1989-04-29 1990-12-19 Teves Gmbh Alfred Travel sensor for measuring mechanical quantities of motion
EP0421835A1 (en) * 1989-09-18 1991-04-10 S.N.R. Roulements High resolution encoder
US5016519A (en) * 1984-10-09 1991-05-21 Goedecke Wolf Dieter Linear drive
US5024250A (en) * 1989-01-10 1991-06-18 Nakamura Koki Co., Ltd. Piston type accumulator for hydraulic system
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Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2503609A1 (en) * 1979-11-14 1982-10-15 Festo Maschf Stoll G POSITION DETECTOR FOR WORKING CYLINDER
US4378726A (en) * 1979-11-24 1983-04-05 Kurt Stoll Piston designed for use with a magnetic force pickup
FR2513341A1 (en) * 1981-09-04 1983-03-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia PUSH-PISTON MECHANISM, ESPECIALLY FOR SIZE HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING PERMANENT MAGNETS IN THE PISTON ROD, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE PISTON ROD IN WHICH PERMANENT MAGNETS ARE BORN
FR2513370A1 (en) * 1981-09-24 1983-03-25 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia HYDRAULIC MECHANISM WITH PUSH PISTON, PARTICULARLY FOR USE AS A RIPAGE AND ADVANCING CYLINDER IN UNDERGROUND OPERATIONS, INCLUDING PERMANENT MAGNETS MOUNTED IN THE PISTON ROD
GB2116703A (en) * 1982-02-25 1983-09-28 Waugh Controls Corp Position sensor for flowmeter prover
DE3241525A1 (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-10 Wabco Westinghouse Steuerungstechnik GmbH & Co, 3000 Hannover DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE POSITION OR / AND SPEED OF THE PISTON OF A WORK CYLINDER
GB2131178A (en) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-13 Peutec Limited Piston position transducer
GB2157831A (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-10-30 Emhart Ind Magnetically monitoring the movement of a rod
US5016519A (en) * 1984-10-09 1991-05-21 Goedecke Wolf Dieter Linear drive
DE3442879A1 (en) * 1984-11-24 1986-05-28 Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH, 3000 Hannover Device for detecting the relative position of two parts which can move with respect to one another
GB2182151A (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-07 Sokkisha Coaxial linear magnetic scale apparatus
US4756229A (en) * 1986-09-25 1988-07-12 United Technologies Corporation Digital motor feedback for a position actuator
US4876945A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-10-31 Festo Kg Piston and cylinder unit
EP0376496A2 (en) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-04 Pitney Bowes, Inc. Mail thickness measuring apparatus
EP0376496A3 (en) * 1988-12-28 1992-12-02 Pitney Bowes, Inc. Mail thickness measuring apparatus
US5024250A (en) * 1989-01-10 1991-06-18 Nakamura Koki Co., Ltd. Piston type accumulator for hydraulic system
GB2232770A (en) * 1989-04-29 1990-12-19 Teves Gmbh Alfred Travel sensor for measuring mechanical quantities of motion
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DE2933557A1 (en) 1981-02-26
DE2933557C2 (en) 1982-11-04
FR2463933B3 (en) 1982-06-04
JPS5630602A (en) 1981-03-27
FR2463933A1 (en) 1981-02-27

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