GB1590112A - Loudspeakers - Google Patents
Loudspeakers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1590112A GB1590112A GB53208/77A GB5320877A GB1590112A GB 1590112 A GB1590112 A GB 1590112A GB 53208/77 A GB53208/77 A GB 53208/77A GB 5320877 A GB5320877 A GB 5320877A GB 1590112 A GB1590112 A GB 1590112A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- voice coil
- loudspeaker
- core
- skins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 12
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100172879 Caenorhabditis elegans sec-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
- H04R9/063—Loudspeakers using a plurality of acoustic drivers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15523976A JPS5379525A (en) | 1976-12-23 | 1976-12-23 | Compound diaphtagm for speakers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1590112A true GB1590112A (en) | 1981-05-28 |
Family
ID=15601568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB53208/77A Expired GB1590112A (en) | 1976-12-23 | 1977-12-21 | Loudspeakers |
Country Status (8)
Families Citing this family (73)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5358224A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1978-05-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Composite diaphragm for speakers |
| JPS5474417A (en) * | 1977-11-26 | 1979-06-14 | Sony Corp | Multi-point driving type speaker |
| JPS5748153Y2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1977-11-26 | 1982-10-22 | ||
| JPS603277B2 (ja) * | 1978-06-15 | 1985-01-26 | ソニー株式会社 | スピーカ装置 |
| JPS5525285A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-22 | Sony Corp | Speaker |
| JPS5541066A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-03-22 | Sony Corp | Diaphragm for electroacoustic converter |
| JPS5568795A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1980-05-23 | Sony Corp | Speaker |
| JPS55150699A (en) * | 1979-05-15 | 1980-11-22 | Kenkichi Tsukamoto | Speaker |
| JPS55161496A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Diaphragm for speaker and its production |
| DE3036876C2 (de) * | 1979-10-02 | 1983-09-08 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa | Lautsprecher mit einer Membran und einem Schwingspulenkörper |
| DE2943054C2 (de) * | 1979-10-25 | 1982-09-30 | Westra Electronic Gmbh, 8901 Welden | Dynamischer Lautsprecher |
| DE3507726A1 (de) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-09-11 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Membran fuer planarlautsprecher |
| DE3721068A1 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-07 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Membransystem mit rotationssymmetrischer, biegesteifer membran |
| DE3622526A1 (de) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-14 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Biegesteife platte, insbesondere kalotte fuer einen schallwandler |
| DE3831706A1 (de) * | 1988-09-17 | 1990-03-22 | Bayer Ag | Membran fuer lautsprecher |
| US6222931B1 (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 2001-04-24 | Outline Snc | High power acoustical transducer |
| US5319718A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1994-06-07 | Yocum Fred D | Loudspeaker cone and method for making same |
| EP0556786B1 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 2002-07-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Speaker |
| DE4217194A1 (de) * | 1992-05-23 | 1993-11-25 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Lautsprechersicke mit Bedämpfungslippe |
| US5455396A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1995-10-03 | Jbl Incorporated | Temperature/environment-resistant transducer suspension |
| JP3199559B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-28 | 2001-08-20 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | スピーカ用ダンパー及びその製造方法 |
| US6097829A (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 2000-08-01 | Precision Power, Inc. | Fiber-honeycomb-fiber sandwich speaker diaphragm and method |
| US5687247A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-11-11 | Proni; Lucio | Surround for a loudspeaker |
| US6130954A (en) * | 1996-01-02 | 2000-10-10 | Carver; Robert W. | High back-emf, high pressure subwoofer having small volume cabinet, low frequency cutoff and pressure resistant surround |
| CA2263177A1 (en) | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-19 | Robert W. Carver | High back emf, high pressure subwoofer |
| DE19757098C2 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 2003-01-09 | Harman Audio Electronic Sys | Aufhängung für Schallwiedergabeanordnungen nach dem Biegewellenprinzip |
| JPH11275678A (ja) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-10-08 | Sony Corp | スピーカ装置 |
| US6675931B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2004-01-13 | Joseph Yaacoub Sahyoun | Low profile audio speaker |
| US6044925A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-04-04 | Sahyoun; Joseph Yaacoub | Passive speaker |
| US7706561B2 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2010-04-27 | Sonion Nederland B.V. | Electroacoustic transducer with a diaphragm and method for fixing a diaphragm in such transducer |
| NL1011733C1 (nl) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-09 | Microtronic Nederland Bv | Elektroakoestische transducent met een membraan en werkwijze voor het bevestigen van een membraan in een dergelijke transducent. |
| DE29917480U1 (de) * | 1999-10-04 | 2000-01-13 | Tsao, Mark, Tu-Chen, Taipeh | Multimedienlautsprecher für Computer |
| US6704425B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2004-03-09 | Virtual Bass Technologies, Llc | System and method to enhance reproduction of sub-bass frequencies |
| US7548631B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2009-06-16 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Speaker surround structure for maximizing cone diameter |
| DE10135414C1 (de) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-03-13 | Roehm Gmbh | Herstellung nicht-flacher Membranen für elektroakustische Wandler |
| US6568503B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2003-05-27 | Jl Audio, Inc. | Loudspeaker with improved mounting structure for the surround |
| US6516071B1 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2003-02-04 | Reui Men Co., Ltd. | Structure of a picture-frame type loudspeaker |
| FR2854021B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-03-31 | Focal Jmlab | Transducteur acoustiques en beryllium pur a radiation directe, a membrane de forme concave, pour applications audio notamment pour enceintes acoustiques |
| DK1515582T3 (da) * | 2003-09-11 | 2006-05-15 | Akg Acoustics Gmbh | Dynamisk elektroaukustisk omformer, navnlig lille höjtaler |
| JP4518243B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2010-08-04 | パイオニア株式会社 | スピーカ用振動板及びその製造方法 |
| WO2005099305A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | スピーカと、これを用いたモジュール、電子機器および装置、ならびにスピーカの製造方法 |
| JP4482372B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-13 | 2010-06-16 | パイオニア株式会社 | 電気音響変換器用振動板の製造方法 |
| US9462388B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2016-10-04 | Tymphany Hk Limited | Acoustic transducer comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged diaphragms |
| ATE548859T1 (de) * | 2004-06-03 | 2012-03-15 | Tymphany Hk Ltd | Akustischer wandler mit einer mehrzahl von gleichachsigen angeordneten membranen |
| EP1694094A1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-23 | AKG Acoustics GmbH | Membrane for a dynamic converter |
| EP1878305B1 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2012-10-03 | Knowles Electronics, LLC | Acoustic assembly for a transducer |
| JP2006295245A (ja) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-26 | Sony Corp | 音響振動板 |
| CN1992996B (zh) * | 2005-12-30 | 2012-02-29 | 丁轶 | 扬声器振膜的分体式支承结构 |
| JP2007251516A (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-27 | Minebea Co Ltd | スピーカ |
| US20080166010A1 (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-10 | Stiles Enrique M | Overlapping surround roll for loudspeaker |
| WO2010050145A1 (ja) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-05-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | スピーカ、スピーカの製造方法、及びスピーカ製造の治具 |
| US8540049B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2013-09-24 | Bose Corporation | Acoustic diaphragm suspending |
| WO2012115158A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-30 | Nagaoka Mitsuo | スピーカ装置 |
| FR2974476A1 (fr) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-26 | Nexo | Dispositif d'emission d'une onde acoustique |
| EP2947897B1 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2019-05-01 | KYOCERA Corporation | Acoustic generator, acoustic generation device, and electronic device |
| CN204721603U (zh) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-10-21 | 京瓷株式会社 | 声音发生器、声音发生装置以及电子设备 |
| JP5627824B1 (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-11-19 | 京セラ株式会社 | 音響発生器、音響発生装置および電子機器 |
| KR101707083B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-08 | 2017-02-15 | 고어텍 인크 | 평판형 저음 스피커 |
| KR101802723B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-08 | 2017-11-29 | 고어텍 인크 | 평판형 저음 스피커 및 이를 적용한 전자장치 |
| US9113250B2 (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2015-08-18 | Tang Band Industries Co., Ltd. | Speaker with diaphragm arrangement |
| US9693167B2 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-06-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Loudspeaker and mobile device incorporating same |
| US9173033B1 (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2015-10-27 | Merry Electronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Composite vibration diaphragm and its fabrication method |
| US9402134B2 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-07-26 | Merry Electronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing method for stiffened diaphragm and the manufactured diaphragm using same |
| US20160112783A1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-21 | Comhear, Inc. | Speaker retainer |
| DE202015101139U1 (de) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-06-08 | LEGIS GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Thomas C.O. Schmidt, 10707 Berlin) | Flachmembran mit integriertem Bildmotiv auf einer Außenseite, Planarlautsprecher mit Flachmembran sowie Akustikeinheit mit einem derartigen Planarlautsprecher |
| CN108582908B (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2023-11-17 | 吉林大学 | 一种含有艾蒿的竹纤维增强聚己内脂复合板及其制备方法 |
| CN108966095B (zh) * | 2018-08-07 | 2024-06-18 | 张永春 | 扬声器单元及扬声器装置 |
| CN209330397U (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-08-30 | 苏州上声电子股份有限公司 | 一种中音扬声器 |
| CN111818427A (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 振动系统、扬声器及振动系统的制作方法 |
| CN110225440B (zh) * | 2019-07-15 | 2024-10-15 | 苏州茹声电子有限公司 | 一种多路输入驱动的扬声器 |
| CN110290448A (zh) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-09-27 | 陈林 | 一种音圈与振膜组件 |
| US11553272B2 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-01-10 | Paradigm Electronics Inc. | Loudspeaker with mechanical resonance mitigation |
| US20240147160A1 (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | Flatvox Fzc Llc | High-frequency sound-emitting device |
Family Cites Families (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1768473A (en) * | 1930-06-24 | Sound-propagating diaphragm | ||
| US1740651A (en) * | 1929-12-24 | Ernst hxteter | ||
| US3125647A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Frequency-o cycles sec | ||
| US630246A (en) * | 1898-09-03 | 1899-08-01 | Frank S Loeb | Preparation of aluminium for electroplating. |
| US953970A (en) * | 1908-01-11 | 1910-04-05 | Charles W Chamberlain | Telephone-receiver. |
| US1639713A (en) * | 1920-11-16 | 1927-08-23 | Sykes Adrian Francis | Reproduction of sound |
| US1459803A (en) * | 1922-05-29 | 1923-06-26 | John A Steurer | Diaphragm for sound-reproducing apparatus |
| FR579357A (fr) * | 1923-06-14 | 1924-10-15 | Plaque téléphonique | |
| FR584932A (fr) * | 1924-05-20 | 1925-02-18 | Haut-parleur téléphonique | |
| GB240425A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1924-09-26 | 1926-04-15 | Otto Bothe | |
| FR588096A (fr) * | 1924-11-29 | 1925-04-29 | Membrane vibrante pour appareils téléphoniques | |
| US1570337A (en) * | 1925-03-23 | 1926-01-19 | Palmer J Cook | Diaphragm for telephone receivers |
| US1705771A (en) * | 1925-07-06 | 1929-03-19 | Globe Technolian Corp | Diaphragm |
| US1639656A (en) * | 1925-12-14 | 1927-08-23 | Kersten Jacob | Sound-amplifying construction |
| BE340130A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1926-02-05 | |||
| US1723550A (en) * | 1926-04-15 | 1929-08-06 | William H Kitto | Sound-producing diaphragm |
| US1721625A (en) * | 1926-10-22 | 1929-07-23 | Siemens Ag | Acoustic diaphragm |
| FR634878A (fr) * | 1927-05-23 | 1928-03-01 | Haut-parleur | |
| GB320654A (en) * | 1928-04-21 | 1929-10-21 | George Rex Searle | Improvements in loud speakers for wireless apparatus or the like |
| US1852064A (en) * | 1929-12-11 | 1932-04-05 | Raphael Sampson | Ice cube remover |
| US1952357A (en) * | 1930-09-12 | 1934-03-27 | Columbia Graphophone Co Ltd | Electromechanical device |
| US2006453A (en) * | 1933-11-21 | 1935-07-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Acoustic device |
| US3060282A (en) * | 1957-07-26 | 1962-10-23 | Baldwin Piano Co | Electroacoustic transducer |
| US3111187A (en) * | 1959-11-23 | 1963-11-19 | H J Leak & Company Ltd | Diaphragm for electro acoustic transducer |
| US3093207A (en) * | 1960-10-04 | 1963-06-11 | R T Bozak Mfg Company | Metallic diaphragm for electrodynamic loudspeakers |
| BE626697A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1961-12-29 | |||
| BE626876A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1962-01-15 | |||
| DE1132593B (de) * | 1965-04-05 | 1962-07-05 | Bolt Beranek & Newman | Akustisch wirksame Platte, insbesondere zur Ankopplung an einen elektroakustischen Wandler |
| GB1260116A (en) * | 1968-01-30 | 1972-01-12 | Emi Ltd | Improvements relating to loudspeaker diaphragms and loudspeakers employing them |
| US3664911A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1972-05-23 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Diaphragm for sound instrument and method for producing same |
| US3674109A (en) * | 1969-08-26 | 1972-07-04 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Thermo-plastic laminated structure |
| GB1350122A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1974-04-18 | Electronic Res Ass | Sound reproducing equipment |
| US3858680A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1975-01-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Vibration diaphragm and cfne edge of a loudspeaker |
| DE2225710C3 (de) * | 1971-05-28 | 1975-12-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka | Membran für elektroakustische Wandler und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| GB1454514A (en) * | 1973-06-16 | 1976-11-03 | Rank Organisation Ltd | Electro-acoustic transducers |
| FR2274194A1 (fr) * | 1974-06-07 | 1976-01-02 | Penna Marius | Haut-parleurs electrodynamiques |
| DE2500397C2 (de) * | 1975-01-07 | 1986-05-28 | Schorlemer, Frhr. von, Reinfried, Dipl.-Phys., 3500 Kassel | Membran für ein elektroakustisches Wandlersystem und damit ausgerüstetes elektroakustisches Wandlersystem |
-
1976
- 1976-12-23 JP JP15523976A patent/JPS5379525A/ja active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-12-21 GB GB53208/77A patent/GB1590112A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 US US05/863,426 patent/US4122314A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-12-22 AU AU31906/77A patent/AU512013B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 NL NLAANVRAGE7714280,A patent/NL188880C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-23 FR FR7739136A patent/FR2375783A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-12-23 DE DE2757707A patent/DE2757707C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-12-23 CA CA293,868A patent/CA1104707A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2375783A1 (fr) | 1978-07-21 |
| AU3190677A (en) | 1979-06-28 |
| DE2757707C2 (de) | 1986-11-13 |
| DE2757707A1 (de) | 1978-06-29 |
| CA1104707A (en) | 1981-07-07 |
| NL7714280A (nl) | 1978-06-27 |
| NL188880C (nl) | 1992-10-16 |
| US4122314A (en) | 1978-10-24 |
| FR2375783B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1982-08-20 |
| AU512013B2 (en) | 1980-09-18 |
| JPS5379525A (en) | 1978-07-14 |
| JPS63999B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1988-01-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19951221 |