GB1579569A

GB1579569A - Method of erecting a building

Info

Publication number: GB1579569A
Application number: GB1767477A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: DSO PROMISHLENO STR
Current assignee: DSO PROMISHLENO STR
Priority date: 1976-04-28
Filing date: 1977-04-27
Publication date: 1980-11-19
Also published as: SE7704767L; FR2349692A1; BE854033A; SU687200A1; BG23127A1; IT1116433B

Description

(54) METHOD OF ERECTING A BUILDING (71) We, DSO PROMISHLENO STROITEL STVO" of 6, Lenin Square, Sofia, Bulgaria, a State Economic Corporation organised under the Laws of Bulgaria, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to a method of erecting a building.

A building method using panels is known in which vertical load-carrying elements are cast in situ and prefabricated panels in the form of finished floor panels are seated onto horizontal upper edges of the cast vertical elements.

The drawbacks of this method lie in the necessity of levelling and of providing an optimum smoothness of the upper edges of the vertical elements onto which the prefabricated panels are seated. The method of connection affects the distribution of forces in the elements and unforeseen stress concentrations in the elements and panels may cause cracks to propogate. The construction of a building by this known method involves the use of non-standardised equipment and high precision work is required for casting in situ the vertical elements and for casting the prefabricated elements. In addition, the sealing of the gaps is time-consuming and incomplete.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of erecting a building comprising the steps of: erecting shuttering and casting in situ vertical load-supporting elements representing one storey; arranging and supporting prefabricated floor panels so as to be at a level above the upper edges of the load-supporting elements, the floor panels being spaced apart from one another; inserting connecting links between the floor panels at a level above the load-supporting elements; and erecting shuttering for the next storey and casting in situ vertical load-supporting elements for the storey and simultaneously casting a rigid joint between the vertical elements and the prefabricated floor panels; the connecting links being embedded in the joint.

The connecting links may be formed by protruding ends of reinforcing rods embedded in the panels, the protruding ends of the reinforcing rods being interconnected with the reinforcing frame. Preferably the protruding ends of the reinforcing rods are connected with that part of the reinforcing frame which is remote from the respective panel.

Alternatively, the connecting links may be in the form of steel pipes located at each end thereof in ducts formed in the panels. In this case the method may include the steps of passing stressing rods through the ducts and the steel pipes and stressing the panels in situ after the rigid joint has been cast.

Centering lugs may be provided on the upper edges of the load-supporting elements, the lugs having a height greater than the thickness of the adjacent floor panels. An inverted U-shaped member may be disposed on each centering lug, the inverted U-shaped member being provided with a hole for the passage of concrete.

The method may include the step of securing prefabricated facade panels to the free ends of the load-supporting elements, the facade panels including reinforcements protruding therefrom for incorporation into subsequent load-supporting elements.

For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view through vertical load-carrying elements having prefabricated floor elements fastened thereto; Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view through one embodiment of a structural connection between the load-carrying elements and the floor elements.

Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view through d second embodiment of a structural connection between the loadcarrying elements and the floor elements; Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a third embodiment of a structural connection between the load-carrying element and the floor elements; Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a fourth embodiment of a structural connection between the load-carrying elements and the floor elements; Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a fifth embodiment of a structural connection between the load-carrying elements and the floor elements; Figure 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a structural connection between an end load-carrying element and a single floor element; Figure 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a centering lug;; Figure 9 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing a structural connection between a load-carrying element and facade panels; Figure 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line X-X of Figure 9 and showing a structural connection between a floor element and facade panels; and Figure 11 shows equipment for casting the load-carrying elements and for securing the floor elements.

Figure 1 shows a building under construction, the building comprising prefabricated floor and roof panels 3 secured to vertical load-carrying elements 1 which are cast in situ. Internal walls 4 are arranged between the upright walls to form rooms and elements 6 may be used to form further enclosed areas.

The external ends of the upright walls are closed by means of prefabricated facade panels 5.

The prefabricated panels 3 and 5 are rigidly connected to the elements 1 which are cast in situ by means of connecting links 10 which are embedded in the concrete forming the elements 1 as the elements are cast.

Figure 2 shows a connection between an element 1 and prefabricated floor panels 17 which are not stressed. The connecting links which are arranged around the periphery of each panel 17 comprise upper and lower reinforcing rods 11 and 12, respectively, which extend from the edges of the panel. A reinforcing frame 13 is connected to the rods 11 and 12. The panels 17 may, if desired, be formed with internal cavities in order to lighten them.

Figure 3 shows a connection between an element 1, a panel 17 and a panel 18 which is prestressed.

Figure 4 shows a connection between an element 1 and prefabricated floor panels 21 which are stressed in situ. In this case, the floor panels are connected by steel pipes 25 which are provided with flanges 26 and turnbuckles 27, the pipes 25 being fastened in ducts 20 left previously in the panels.

If the floor panels are formed with lightening cavities, then in the area of the connection with the element 1 there are provided in the cavities limiting plates 30 (see Fig. 3) and holes 31 are bored from outside of each panel to the portion of the cavity between the limiting plate and the edge of the panel so that the portion of the cavity may be filled.

Figures 5 and 6 show connections between an element 1 and prefabricated floor panels 21, the floor panels being stressed in one direction only by means of reinforcing rods 19 located in ducts 20 formed in the floor panels. Figure 5 shows a connection to a floor panel having reinforcing rods running parallel to the connection and Figure 6 shows a connection to a floor panel having reinforcing rods running at right angles to the connection.

Figure 7 shows a connection between an element 1 and a floor panel 21 which will terminate the floor at the wall, i.e. there will be no corresponding element on the opposite side of the wall to the panel shown.

As shown in Figure 8, a shaped centering lug may be positioned on the exposed upper edge of the element 1, the lug having a height greater than the thickness of the floor panels 3. The centering lug is frustoconical in crosssection and located on top of the lug 23 is a U-shaped member 24 having a hole 32 formed therethrough.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the construction of the facade panels 5. These panels are provided with reinforcements 8 which protrude from the upper edges of the panels for connection with the reinforcements of the element 1 as the element is cast.

Figure 11 shows in more detail equipment required for assembling a building. This equipment comprises large-area shutterings 2 having supporting beams 33, a strip 15 of shuttering being fastened to the lowest beam 33. Towards the free upper edge of the element 1 there is provided a bolted joint 22 to which adjustable L-shaped supports 9 are secured. The supports 9 comprise vertical arms 28 and horizontal arms 29 to which there is secured an L-shaped strip 16 of shuttering.

The vertical arm 28 is movably mounted on a steel plate 7 which abuts against the element 1, and the horizontal arm 28 is movable horizontally on the upper end of arm 28.

A building may be erected in the following manner: The elements 1 of one storey of the building are each cast in situ. It is possible to form all the vertical walls from the elements 1 or, alternatively, only the walls running in one direction need be cast in situ. the remaining walls being provided later. As each element 1 is cast, the casting is terminated below the proposed level of the floor panels 3. On predetermined positions along the upper edges of the elements I there are fastened, by means of the bolted joints 22, the adjustable supports 9. The floor panels are lowered onto the supports, the floor panels being positioned in the desired position by means of the adjustable arms of the supports.

The remaining prefabricated elements such as facade panels 5, internal walls 4 and elements 6 are then fastened in position and the reinforcing rods of the elements 1 and the connecting links 10 of the floor panel are connected to the reinforcing frame 13.

In the case of unstressed and prestressed floor panels; the connecting links 10 are connected to the corresponding more remote horizontal rods of the reinforcing frame 13 by means of knots or binding. However, with in situ stressed floor panels, steel pipes 25 with flanges 26 and turn-buckles 27 are arranged between ducts 20 provided in the floor panels 3.

When the facade panels 5 are fastened, the reinforcements 8 which are suitably bent are connected to part of the reinforcement of the element 1.

The centering lugs 23 provide means for fastening the reinforcing rods of the element 1 which is to be cast above the floor being installed. By means of the lugs 23, the members 24 which tightly embrace the lugs 23 are centered and the members 24 serve for centering the shutterings for the storey above.

The members 24 may be made integral with the lugs 23 by means of the hole 32, concrete passing through the hole to fasten the two elements together. When the element 1 for the next storey is cast, the element is joined to the element below and to the prefabricated panels.

If the floor panels are to be stressed in situ, then the rods 10 for stressing are passed through the ducts 20 in the panels and through the holes in the steel pipes 25 and flanges 26.

The stressing is effected after the joints have been filled with concrete.

The panels may be stressed in situ in the upper region of the panels and in the lower region of the panels or they may be stressed only in the lower region of the panels. The in situ stressing may also be carried out in only one direction or in two directions.

The method according to the present invention allows for flexibility in solving architectural and structural problems in buildings. Prefabricated panels of diverse appearance may be used and damage to the edges of the elements during transportation is not critical. The prefabricated panels are easy to secure to the vertical elements and at the same time walls of high quality may be produced.

In addition, very precise centering of the shuttering is not essential and it is not necessary to provide a flat upper surface on the vertical elements to attach the panels.

This enables the rate of construction to be increased.

Also the rigidity of the building is increased.

This enables the number of storeys in the building to be increased and it enables the method of construction to be used in regions which are susceptible to earthquakes.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS 1. A method of erecting a building, comprising the steps of: erecting shuttering and casting in situ vertical load-supporting elements representing one storey; arranging and supporting prefabricated floor panels so as to be at a level above the upper edges of the load-supporting elements, the floor panels being spaced apart from one another; inserting connecting links between the floor panels at a level above the loadsupporting elements; and erecting shuttering for the next storey and casting in situ vertical load-supporting elements for the storey and simultaneously casting a rigid joint between the vertical elements and the prefabricated floor panels, the connecting links being embedded in the joint.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the connecting links are formed by protruding ends of reinforcing rods embedded in the panels and a reinforcing frame inserted between adjacent panels, the protruding ends of the reinforcing rods being interconnected with the reinforcing frame.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the protruding ends of the reinforcing rods are connected with that part of the reinforcing frame which is remote from the respective panel.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the connecting links are in the form of steel pipes located at each end thereof in ducts formed in the panels.

5. A method according to claim 4 and including the steps of passing stressing rods through the ducts and the steel pipes and stressing panels in situ after the rigid joint has been cast.

6. A method according to any preceding claim and including the step of providing centering lugs on the upper edges of the load-supporting elements, the lugs having a height greater than the thickness of the adjacent floor panels.

7. A method according to claim 6 and including the step of disposing an inverted U-shaped member on each centering lug, the inverted U-shaped member being provided with a hole for the passage of concrete.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.

1 is cast, the casting is terminated below the proposed level of the floor panels 3. On predetermined positions along the upper edges of the elements I there are fastened, by means of the bolted joints 22, the adjustable supports 9. The floor panels are lowered onto the supports, the floor panels being positioned in the desired position by means of the adjustable arms of the supports.

The stressing is effected after the joints have been filled with concrete.

This enables the rate of construction to be increased.

Also the rigidity of the building is increased.

8. A method according to any preceding

claim and including the step of securing prefabricated facade panels between the free ends of the load-supporting elements, the facade panels including reinforcements protruding therefrom for incorporation into subsequent load-supporting elements.

9. A method of erecting a building according to claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

10. A building erected in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.