FR3099779A1 - Removable living space including a base and a dome. - Google Patents

Abstract

Removable living space including a base and a dome. Removable living space (1), characterized in that it comprises a floor (3), a base (2) and a dome (4), the floor (3) extending between the base (2) and the dome (4), the base (2) comprising a set of base sectors (21) removably linked together, the dome (4) comprising a set of dome sectors (41) removably linked together. Figure for the abstract: figure 1

Description

Removable living space comprising a base and a dome.

The invention relates to a removable living space. In particular, the invention relates to a habitable volume forming a temporary shelter in the event of an emergency or a habitable volume forming a durable shelter. The invention also relates to a method for mounting such a habitable volume.

State of the prior art

During an emergency situation, such as a natural disaster or a humanitarian disaster, temporary removable shelters are generally used to house a population. These shelters must be simple to assemble and able to be used in all types of natural environments and weather conditions. To this end, the use of tents comprising a metal structure supporting a fabric is known. However, these tents are not very robust and not very comfortable. In particular, they do not support strong wind conditions. We can certainly use a more robust metal structure but in this case, the tent becomes particularly heavy and complex to assemble. It is therefore not suitable for use in a state of crisis when the material and human resources available are limited.

The use of inflatable tents is also known. The metal structure is then replaced by tubes filled with air. These tents are lighter but still very sensitive to strong winds. In addition, they are not very robust because if the tubes filled with air burst then they are no longer usable. Finally, the insulation of tents known from the state of the art is very low. They are therefore not suitable for use in cold or humid conditions. They offer mediocre comfort, which is particularly difficult with prolonged use.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a habitable volume and a method for mounting such a habitable volume remedying the above drawbacks and improving the habitable volumes and the methods of mounting known from the prior art.

More specifically, a first object of the invention is a habitable volume resistant to meteorological hazards, in particular resistant to violent winds, earthquakes and floods.

A second object of the invention is an easily configurable living space according to the needs of its users and/or according to external conditions.

A third object of the invention is a comfortable living space, bright, practical to use and offering a large useful volume.

A fourth object of the invention is a living space that is easy to mount, on any type of terrain.

A fifth object of the invention is a living space that is easy to dismantle and transport.

The invention relates to a removable habitable volume comprising a floor, a base and a dome, the floor extending between the base and the dome, the base comprising a set of base sectors linked together in a removable manner, the dome comprising a set of dome sectors releasably bonded together.

The floor may include a set of floor sectors releasably bonded together.

Each base sector may comprise a flat part intended to rest on the ground and a rounded part extending between said flat part and the floor.

The floor may have a circular shape, and/or all the base sectors of the habitable volume may be identical.

At least one dome sector may include a door or a window or a wall without a door or window.

The dome may include a top opening, and the living space may include a dome closing said top opening, each of the dome sectors resting against the dome.

Each dome sector can include means for fixing to the dome, at least one fixing means comprising an opening of frustoconical shape.

The habitable volume may comprise a connecting ring extending along the perimeter of the floor, the connecting ring resting against the base, against the floor and against the dome, the connecting ring comprising a set of sectors of connecting rings linked together in a removable manner.

Link ring sectors can be positioned so that a join between two adjacent link ring sectors is offset from a join between two adjacent dome sectors, and/or so that a join between two adjacent connecting ring sectors is offset with respect to a joint between two adjacent base sectors.

All the base sectors and all the dome sectors can each comprise a first side edge and a second side edge opposite the first side edge, the first side edge extending in a first plane, the second side edge extending in a second plane, the angle formed between the first plane and the second plane of each dome sector being identical, the angle formed between the first plane and the second plane of each base sector being identical, in particular the angle formed between the first plane and the second plane of each dome sector being equal to 45° and the angle formed between the first plane and the second plane of each base sector being equal to 45°.

The habitable volume may comprise a central support, the central support extending from a center of the base towards a center of the floor, the central support resting against the base, the floor resting against the central support.

The central support may comprise a central opening to form a water inlet and/or an electricity inlet.

The living space may comprise a frame, in particular a metal frame, the frame comprising feet resting on the base, the frame comprising crosspieces extending between the feet, the crosspieces supporting the floor.

The habitable volume may include a seal at the interface between two adjacent dome sectors, and/or it may include a seal at the interface between two adjacent base sectors.

At least one base sector and/or at least one dome sector may comprise a frame and a panel, the panel being removably fixed inside the frame.

The invention also relates to a method for mounting a living space as defined above, the mounting method comprising:
- a step of assembling the base sectors to form a base,
- a step of assembling the floor on the base,
- a step of assembling the dome sectors to form a dome.

The mounting process may include:
- a stage of maintaining a dome with a removable mast, then
- a step of fixing sectors of the dome to the dome, then
- a removable mast removal step.

Presentation of figures

These objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be explained in detail in the following description of a particular embodiment given on a non-limiting basis in relation to the attached figures, among which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a habitable volume according to one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a dome of the habitable volume

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a first dome sector.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a second dome sector.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a third dome sector.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a half dome.

FIG. 7 is a first perspective view of a means for fixing a dome sector.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of two means for fixing adjacent dome sectors.

Figure 9 is a second perspective view of the attachment means of a dome sector.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a base sector of the habitable volume.

Figure 11 is a partial view of an upper edge of the base sector.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an interface between a base sector, a floor sector and a dome sector of the habitable volume.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a base sector according to a variant embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a connecting ring sector of the habitable volume.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a lower part of a habitable volume according to a variant embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of an interface between a base sector, a floor sector, a dome sector, and a connecting ring sector of the habitable volume.

Figure 17 is a perspective view of a floor sector.

Figure 18 is a perspective view of part of a habitable volume.

Figure 19 is a perspective view of a frame in the volume of the base having the function of supporting the floor of the habitable volume.

Figure 20 is a partial perspective view of the lower part of the habitable volume.

Figure 21 is a perspective view of a central support of the floor arranged in the lower part of the living space.

Figure 22 is a partial perspective view of a cross member or a foot of the frame.

Figure 23 is a perspective view of a detail of the chassis.

FIG. 24 is a front view of a means for fixing a base sector.

Figure 25 is a sectional view of an interface between the chassis and a floor sector.

Figure 26 is a perspective view of a lug near an inner edge of a base sector.

Figure 27 is a perspective view of an interface between the frame and a floor area.

Figure 28 is a perspective view of a bracket attached to a base section.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a floor according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Figure 30 is a partial perspective view of the floor.

Figure 31 is a perspective view of a living space seal according to a first embodiment.

Figure 32 is a perspective view of a living space seal according to a second embodiment.

Figure 33 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a dome of the living space.

Figure 34 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a dome of the living space.

Figure 35 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a dome of the living space.

Figure 36 is a perspective view of an interface between a dome sector and the cupola.

Figure 37 is a sectional view of the interface between a dome sector and the cupola.

Figure 38 is a perspective view of an interface between an alternative embodiment of a dome sector and the cupola.

Figure 39 is a perspective view of an interface between a dome sector and the cupola.

FIG. 40 is a top view of one end of a dome sector according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Figure 41 is a transparent view of an interface between a dome sector and the cupola.

Figure 42 is a cross-sectional view of an interface between a dome sector and the cupola.

Figure 43 is a view of a lower part of the habitable volume and of the dome, the dome being held by a mast.

Figure 44 is a schematic view showing the fixing of a first dome sector on the lower part of the habitable volume.

Figure 45 is a schematic view showing the attachment of the first dome sector to the dome 9.

Figure 46 is a schematic view showing the attachment of the first dome sector to the floor.

Figure 47 is a schematic view showing the attachment of a second dome sector.

Figure 48 is a schematic view showing the attachment of two adjacent dome sectors.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a base sector according to a variant embodiment.

Figure 50 is an exploded view of the base section.

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a dome sector according to an alternative embodiment.

Figure 52 is an exploded view of the dome sector.

Figure 53 is a view of a lower part of the living space equipped with a frame.

Figure 54 is a perspective view of a staircase providing access to the living space.

Figure 55 is a perspective view of two habitable volumes assembled facing each other.

FIG. 56 is a perspective view of a habitable volume according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 57 is a perspective view of a base made up of a set of habitable volumes according to one embodiment of the invention.

detailed description

Figure 1 illustrates a habitable volume 1 according to one embodiment of the invention. The habitable volume 1 comprises a base 2, a floor 3 and a dome 4. The habitable volume rests on the ground via its base 2. It is considered in this description that the ground on which the habitable volume rests is flat and horizontal. The habitable volume could nevertheless be used on uneven ground and/or inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. The terms "top", "upper", "lower" and "lower" refer to the vertical axis. The floor is raised above the ground and extends parallel to the ground. The habitable volume generally comprises a truncated spherical shape. More specifically, the dome 4 globally comprises a half-sphere shape, the floor globally comprises a circular shape, and the base comprises a rounded upper part joining the lower part of the dome. The habitable volume can thus globally comprise a symmetry of revolution around a vertical axis Z1. A living space is thus formed between the floor and the dome. A technical space or storage space is formed between the floor and the base.

FIG. 2 illustrates the dome 4 more precisely. The dome 4 is formed by a set of dome sectors 41 positioned side by side. The adjacent dome sectors are linked together in a removable way, that is to say in a reversible or removable way. Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate different embodiments of a dome sector. The dome sector of FIG. 3 forms a non-perforated wall of the habitable volume. The dome sector of figure 4 comprises an opening forming a door 42. The dome sector of figure 5 comprises an opening forming a window 43. The openings made in the dome sectors can additionally be equipped with a skylight 44 of suitable size to prevent rain from entering the living space.

Each dome sector comprises a first side edge 401, a second side edge 402, a lower edge 403, and an upper edge 404. Each side edge of the dome sectors is joined to a side edge of an adjacent dome sector. The lower edge 403 extends substantially along the floor 3. It may be substantially tangent to a set of vertical axes. Top edge 404 may be tangent to a set of horizontal axes. Thus, the two side edges substantially describe a quarter circle. The first side edge 401 extends in a first plane and the second side edge 402 extends in a second plane. An angle A4 is formed between the first plane and the second plane. It is identical for all the dome sectors 41. In the present case, the dome consists of eight dome sectors, the angle A4 is therefore substantially equal to 45°. Alternatively, the number of dome sectors constituting the dome could be larger or smaller. The angle A4 is then equal to 360° divided by the number of dome sectors. According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the habitable volume comprises 4 dome sectors each equipped with a door, a dome sector equipped with a window and three dome sectors without a door or window. As a variant, the dome could comprise a different number of windows and/or doors, freely composed according to the needs of a user of the living space. According to another variant, one or more dome sectors could not be assembled to the habitable volume so as to form a large opening.

Figure 6 illustrates a set of four dome sectors forming a half dome. Each dome sector comprises two fixing means 411, 412 for fixing the dome sector to the two adjacent dome sectors. A first fixing means 411 is fixed along the first lateral edge 401 and a second fixing means 412 is fixed along the second lateral edge 402. The fixing means are positioned at the bottom of each dome sector, slightly above of the corner between the side edge and the bottom edge. The two fixing means 411, 412 are identical. They come in the form of a fixing half-clevis.

As visible in FIG. 7, the fixing means 411, 412 comprise an appendage extending radially inward from the habitable volume. The appendix is provided with a circular opening 413 intended to receive a pin 414. With reference to FIG. 8, the appendix of a first dome sector is positioned opposite the appendix of a second dome sector adjacent to the first dome sector. The pin 414 passes through the two openings 413. The pin comprises a head 415 resting on one of the two appendages and a removable stop means 416 making it possible to prevent any accidental removal of the pin.

As can be seen in FIG. 9, each dome sector can further comprise a fixing means 420 to the floor 3. In this case, the fixing means 420 comprises a fixing bracket 421. The bracket 421 comprises a first face 422, substantially vertical, fixed to the dome sector, and a second face 423, substantially horizontal, fixed to the floor. A support 424 comprising a flat face in contact with the first face 422 and a curved face in contact with the dome sector can be used as an intermediate piece between the bracket and the wall of the dome sector. The second face 423 can be equipped with a hole 425 cooperating with a screw 426 (visible in figure 12) screwed into the floor 3.

When the dome sectors are fixed together, the set of lower edges 403 describes a circle substantially forming an outer perimeter of the habitable volume. The dome also includes a top opening 45, of circular shape, delimited by all of the upper edges 404.

In the same way that the dome 4 is made up of an assembly of dome sectors 41, the base 2 is also made up of an assembly of base sectors 21 positioned side by side. Adjacent base sectors are bonded together removably. All base sectors 21 can be identical. FIG. 10 represents a particular base sector according to one embodiment of the invention. Each base sector comprises a flat part 22 intended to rest on the ground and a rounded part 23 extending between said flat part and the floor. The face of each dome sector in contact with the ground can be covered with a layer of elastomer (rubber type) to protect and absorb shocks due to terrain or transport.

Each base sector further comprises a first side edge 201, a second side edge 202, an inner edge 203, and an upper edge 204. Each side edge of the base sectors is attached to a side edge of a sector of adjacent base. The upper edge 204 extends substantially along the floor 3. It may be substantially tangent to a set of vertical axes. The inner edge 203 can be tangent to a set of horizontal axes. Thus, the two side edges 201, 204 substantially describe a quarter circle at the height of the rounded part 23. The first side edge 201 extends in a first plane and the second side edge 202 extends in a second plane. An angle A2 is formed between the first plane and the second plane. It is identical for all the base sectors 21. In the present case, the base consists of eight base sectors, the angle A2 is therefore substantially equal to 45°. As a variant, the number of base sectors constituting the base could be greater or less. It may in particular be different from the number of dome sectors constituting the dome. The angle A2 is then equal to 360° divided by the number of base sectors.

The base sector 21 illustrated in FIG. 10 comprises means for fixing 210 with the adjacent base sectors. In particular the base sector 21 comprises two fixing means arranged on each of the two side edges 201, 202. They can all be identical. A fastening means is notably illustrated in more detail in FIG. 24. It comprises an appendix extending vertically upwards. The appendage is provided with an opening 211. The openings 211 of the adjacent base sectors are positioned opposite each other and can cooperate with a removable pin or a screw.

Each base sector also comprises at its upper edge 204 a connection interface 24 with the floor 3 and the dome 4. The connection interface 24 is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 11 and 12. It comprises a collar 241 extending vertically and parallel to the upper edge 204. The collar 204 delimits a connecting space with the dome 4 on the exterior side of the collar 241 and a connecting space with the floor 3 on the interior side of the collar 241. connecting interface further comprises a rail 242 extending parallel to the flange on the outside thereof. The rail 242 cooperates with a vertical groove 430 provided in the thickness of each dome sector 41 at its lower edge 403. The rail may have a rectangular section, as shown in FIG. visible in Figure 16. The use of a trapezoidal section can facilitate the establishment of the dome sector on the connecting interface 24. A groove 430 of rectangular shape is particularly clearly visible in Figure 7. On the inside of the collar 241, a horizontal support surface 243 makes it possible to support the end of the floor 3. This support surface 243 can be provided with vertical inserts 244 cooperating with the screws 426. Each screw 426 therefore crosses the second face 423 of each bracket fixed to a dome sector, an opening 31 provided in the thickness of the floor, and an insert 244. The dome, the floor and the base are thus fixed together. The fastening means used are removable so that the assembly can be disassembled and then reassembled.

As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the attachment interface 24 can form a one-piece assembly with the base. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16, the living space may include a connecting ring 5 separate from the base, the floor and the dome. The connecting ring then extends along the perimeter of the floor 3. The connecting ring bears against the base 2, against the floor 3 and against the dome 4. The connecting ring comprises a set of connecting ring sectors 51 bonded together in a removable manner, for example eight connecting ring sectors 51, identical to each other and arranged one after the other to form a circle. The connecting ring thus formed comprises an upper part of a shape substantially identical to the shape of the connecting interface 24 previously described. The connecting ring 5 comprises in the lower part, a groove 52 in the shape of an inverted U. This groove can fit on the upper edge 204' of a base sector 21' devoid of a connection interface 24. Such a base sector 21' can therefore comprise a simplified shape as illustrated in the figure 13.

Advantageously, the connecting ring sectors 51 can be positioned so that a joint 56 between two adjacent ring sectors is offset (that is to say not positioned facing each other) with respect to a joint 46 between two adjacent dome sectors 41. Similarly, the joint 56 between two adjacent ring sectors can be offset with respect to a joint 26 between two adjacent base sectors 21 . Such an offset is notably visible in FIG. 1. Finally, the joints 56 could also be offset with respect to the joints 26. The offset of the joints makes it possible to confer greater rigidity on the habitable volume. A shift is possible because the dome, the base, and the connecting ring include a symmetry of revolution and can therefore be freely oriented relative to each other (the position of the inserts 244 and holes 425 can be adapted accordingly) .

In the same way as for the dome 4 or for the base 2, the floor 3 comprises a set of floor sectors 31 linked together in a removable manner. Figure 17 illustrates one embodiment of a floor sector. Each floor sector 31 further comprises a first side edge 301, a second side edge 302, an inner edge 303, and an outer edge 304. Each side edge of the floor sectors is attached to a side edge of a floor sector adjacent. The first side edge 301 extends parallel to a first axis and the second side edge 302 extends parallel to a second axis. An angle A3 is formed between the first axis and the second axis. It is identical for all the floor sectors 31. In the present case, the floor consists of eight floor sectors, the angle A3 is therefore substantially equal to 45°. As a variant, the number of floor sectors constituting the floor could be greater or less. It may in particular be different from the number of dome sectors constituting the dome or from the number of base sectors constituting the base. The angle A3 is then equal to 360° divided by the number of base sectors. Advantageously, the interface 36 between two adjacent floor sectors 31 can also be offset with respect to the joints 26, and/or with respect to the joints 46, and/or with respect to the joints 56.

The floor sectors can consist of a single floor element as shown in Figures 15 and 29, or consist of two floor elements 311, 312, as in Figure 17, or even consist of a larger number of floor elements. A first floor element 311 may have a globally triangular shape and be positioned radially inward of the habitable volume. A second floor element 312 may have a generally trapezoidal shape (with the large base in the shape of an arc of a circle) and be positioned radially on the exterior side of the living space. The two floor elements are joined by one of their sides. Advantageously one of these two floor elements 311, 312, preferably the first floor element 311 can be easily removed in order to be able to access the technical space under the floor. This technical space can be used in particular for the storage of equipment.

The floor 3 can be supported by a frame 6 resting on the flat parts 22 of the base sectors 21. The frame, clearly visible in FIGS. 18 and 19, comprises vertical feet 61, resting on the base, in particular as many feet as base sectors. The frame also includes crosspieces 62 extending horizontally between the legs, the crosspieces supporting the floor. According to the embodiment presented the crosspieces 62 are connected to each other forming a regular octagon. The feet 61 can be held against the base by means of supports 28 fixed to the flat part 22 of each base sector. The supports 28 may all be identical to each other. A support is shown in Figure 28. It comprises an opening 281 upwards having a shape corresponding to that of the feet (in this case a square shape) and fixing flanges 282 for fixing it to a base sector. The feet 61 and the crosspieces 62 can be metal parts, in particular profiled parts as shown in FIG. 22. The feet and the crosspieces can be connected together by attached ball joints. The feet 61 and the crosspieces 62 can for example be made of aluminum giving both lightness and resistance to the frame 6.

The crosspieces extend substantially plumb with the interface between the first floor element 311 and the second floor element 312 of each floor sector, as can be seen in FIG. 27. The first floor element 311 is therefore resting on the crosspiece 62 and on a central support 7 itself resting on the base 2. The second floor element 312 is resting on the crosspiece 62 and on the bearing surface 243 of the interface of connection 24. The frame further comprises means for fixing 63 to the floor. In particular, these fastening means may be brackets 64 fixed to the crosspieces as is clearly visible in FIG. 23. The brackets 64 each comprise a hole 65 arranged horizontally. The second floor element 312 also includes a hole 313 opposite each hole 65. A fixing screw 66 cooperates with the holes 65 and 313 to firmly fix the second floor element 312 to the frame 6. Countersinking can be provided in the upper part of the hole 313 to accommodate the head of the fixing screw 66. The first floor element may optionally be simply placed on the crosspieces and the central support 7 so as to be able to be removed quickly and easily.

The central support 7, illustrated in FIG. 21, is an element of the living space fixed to the center of the base 2 and extending vertically towards the center of the floor 3. The central support 7 is fitted into a central opening 29 of the base. This central opening 29 (visible in particular in Figure 15) is delimited by all of the inner edges 203 of each base sector 21. The central support 7 comprises a fixing flange 71 resting vertically on each of the inner edges 203. The fixing flange 71 is provided with holes 72 cooperating with lugs 220, or screws, extending vertically close to the inner edge 203 of each base sector. A lug is shown in more detail in Figure 26. Nuts or pins can block the central support against the base. The central support further comprises a conical body 73 giving it great solidity. In its upper part, the central support 7 comprises a shoulder 74 on which the inner edges 303 of each floor sector rest. Finally, the central support advantageously comprises a central opening 75 forming a water inlet and/or an electricity inlet. Electric wires or pipes can therefore rise vertically through the central opening 75 to emerge at the center of the living space. According to the embodiment shown, the central support extends upwards to floor height. As a variant, it could extend higher, for example up to chest height, to facilitate the use of water and/or electricity. These electric wires and/or pipes can pass under the base or else between the base and the floor. In this second hypothesis, specific openings may be provided in at least one base sector and in the central support to pass the electric wires and/or the pipes. The central support 7 can be made of polymer by low-pressure injection or even by centrifugation depending on the necessary thickness of its wall.

Referring to Figures 29 and 30, the floor sectors can be linked together by riders 33 mounted astride the interfaces between each floor sector. Although represented with floor sectors in a single element, these jumpers can also be used to link floor sectors composed of several floor elements.

Advantageously, the living space is sealed. Seals 81, as illustrated in FIG. 31, can be provided between each base sector and each dome sector to prevent water from entering the habitable volume. The seals 81 may have a substantially "U"-shaped section and may be fitted on the different edges of the base sectors and of the dome sectors, or even on the edges of the floor sectors. The seals 8 can comprise retaining means 811, for example in the form of retaining hooks, guaranteeing their good adhesion to the base sectors, the dome sectors or the floor sectors. FIG. 32 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the seal 82. The seal 82 comprises a substantially "T"-shaped section. The base of the "T" is then inserted at the interface between two adjacent sectors. Advantageously, this base also comprises retaining means 821 to guarantee good retention in position. The central support 7 can also be fixed tightly against the base 2, so that water cannot enter the living space through the central opening 29, passing through the interface between the base and the central support. The seal 81 may be preferred for the interfaces between the dome sectors and for the interfaces between base sectors. The seal 82 may be preferred for the interfaces between the floor sectors.

Referring to Figures 33 to 42, the living space further comprises a dome 9 surmounting the dome 4. The dome is an element closing the top opening 45. It prevents in particular rainwater from entering the living space by the top opening 45. Advantageously the dome 9 comprises a transparent or translucent pane 91, or porthole, to let the sun's rays pass. This pane 91 can have a spherical shape as can be seen in particular in FIG. 33 or a planar shape, as in FIG. 35. The pane 91 can be mounted on a hinge to allow it to be opened. As a variant, the dome could be replaced by a chimney flue.

Referring to Figure 33, the cupola 9 can simply be fitted over the diameter of the top opening 45. For this purpose the cupola comprises a shoulder provided with a cylindrical portion 92 and a collar 93. The cylindrical portion 92 is fitted inside the top opening. It comprises a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the top opening which also makes it possible to adjust and equalize the position of the dome sectors with respect to each other. The collar 93 extends horizontally and bears against the top of the dome 4.

Figures 34 to 37 show an improvement in the connection between the cupola 9 and the dome 4. The cupola 9 comprises a set of screws 94 extending vertically downwards from the flange 93. These screws cooperate with circular openings 440 planned in each of the dome sectors. A nut 95 makes it possible to tighten the top of each dome sector against the flange 93.

Figures 38 to 42 illustrate a variant embodiment of the connection between the dome 9 and the dome 4. In this variant, the circular openings 440 are replaced by slots 441. Each slot 441 extends radially from the upper edge 404 of each dome sector. The use of such a slot 441 facilitates the assembly of the dome sectors since these can be brought against the dome by a movement in radial translation. The use of slots 441 therefore makes it easier to exchange a particular dome sector for another dome sector, without having to remove the dome or the adjacent dome sectors. As clearly visible in Figures 40, 41 and 42, the slot comprises two parallel walls 442 joining at the bottom of the slot by a slot bottom wall 443. Advantageously, the slot bottom wall is inclined by a non-zero angle A9 with respect to the axis along which the screw 94 extends. Thus the slot 443 is an opening of frustoconical shape. Slot 443 is wider at the top than at the bottom. The inclination of the slot bottom wall makes it possible to tilt the whole of the dome sector by a substantial angle equal to the angle A9, which further facilitates the installation of the dome sector. In particular, this artifice makes it easier to clear the groove 430 at the level of the lower edge 403 of the rail 242. As a side note, the circular opening 440 could also be provided with a frustoconical shape to allow a certain beating of the dome sector.

Figures 43 to 48 illustrate different steps of a method of mounting the living space 1 according to one embodiment of the invention. First of all, the base sectors 21 are assembled to form a base 1. The central support can then be fixed to the center of the base 2. The frame 6 can also be mounted on the base. One can first insert the feet 61 into the openings 281 of the supports and then assemble the crosspieces 62 on the feet. Then, connecting ring sectors can be fitted onto the upper edge of the base if the latter is not directly equipped with the connecting interface 24. Then, the various floor sectors can be assembled on the base by resting them on the shoulder 74 of the central support 7, on the crosspieces 62, and on the bearing surfaces 243. The lower part of the living space 1 is thus assembled.

To assemble the dome on the lower part of the living space 1, it is first possible to maintain the dome 9 with a removable mast 10 as shown in FIG. 43. The mast 10 comprises a lower end fixed to the center of the floor, by example fitted into the central opening 75 of the central support 7. It comprises an upper end supporting the dome 9 substantially in its final position. Then, according to figure 44, one can bring a first dome sector against the lower part of the habitable volume 1. The groove 430 is engaged in the rail 242. Then, in relation to figure 45, one can then approach the upper edge 404 of the dome sector of the cupola 9, engage the screw 94 in the slot 441 then tighten the nut 95. Then, the dome sector 41 can be fixed to the floor by means of the brackets 421 as shown in figure 46. Advantageously, this operation is repeated for a sector of the dome diametrically opposed to the first sector of the dome assembled as shown in FIG. 47. Thus, the forces acting on the mast 10 via the dome 9 are balanced. to assemble all the dome sectors. The dome sectors can then be linked together by inserting pins 414 through the openings 413 of two adjacent dome sectors. When all the dome sectors 41 are assembled or when the dome 9 can be held in position by the first assembled dome sectors, the mast 10 can be removed.

Figures 49 to 53 illustrate variant embodiments of the base sectors 21" and of the dome sectors 41". Instead of being single-piece components as previously described, the 21" and 41" sectors are made up of the assembly of frames and panels. The base sector 21" comprises a first panel 22" substantially forming the flat part of the base sector, and a second panel 23" forming the rounded part of the base sector. The frame 24" of the base sector 21 " marries the contour of the two 22" and 23" panels.

Likewise, the dome sector 41" comprises a first panel 42" forming a lower part of the dome sector, and a second panel 43" forming an upper part of the dome sector. The frame 44" of the dome sector 41" matches the contour of the two panels 42" and 43". It comprises a substantially horizontal crosspiece 45" in the shape of an arc of a circle. The set of 45" crosspieces form a horizontal circle approximately halfway up the dome. The crosspieces contribute to the rigidity of the frame thus obtained. The 24", 44" frames can be made up of a set of segments fixed together in a removable.

To assemble the base, you can first assemble all the 24" frames of the base together, then mount the 22" and 23" panels to the 24" frames. Similarly, for assembling the dome, you can first assemble all the frames 44" of the dome together, as shown in Figure 53, then mount the panels 42" and 43" to the frames 44". The use of base sectors and/or dome sectors in several parts makes it possible to fit even more compactly the size of the living space when it is disassembled. It also makes it possible to select the most suitable materials according to their function. On the other hand, the use of base sectors and/or one-piece dome sectors makes the assembly process faster.

The 24", 44" frames can be, for example, metal frames. The panels can be chosen in an insulating material. The panels may in particular comprise several parallel layers, according to a sandwich structure. They may comprise two outer layers (one towards the interior of the habitable volume and the other towards the exterior of the habitable volume), and an internal layer arranged between the two external layers. The inner layer can be, for example, PU (polyurethane) or PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The inner layer can be made of foam and/or have a honeycomb structure. The inner layer can provide good insulation against cold and moisture. The outer layers can be, for example, made of carbon, fiberglass or aluminum. All the panels forming the base sectors and the dome sectors of the habitable volume can be made with the same material, in particular according to the description above. The rigidity of the materials used and the functional clearances between the different parts are chosen in line with the manufacturing tolerances and with the irregularities of the ground on which the living space is intended to be built.

The dimensions of the habitable volume are such that a person can stand on the floor at least in the center of the floor. For example, the dome can have a radius of 2.5 meters. The floor can be raised from the ground by 80cm. The thicknesses of the base sectors, floor sectors and dome sectors can be for example between 30mm and 50mm.

Thanks to the invention, a habitable volume is obtained which is easy to assemble and assemble. All the fixing means used are removable means, which makes it possible to dismantle the living space just as easily. The elements forming the habitable volume can be rigid elements, which makes the volume particularly solid and simplifies assembly. The final shape of the habitable volume is independent of the irregularities of the terrain. The living space can therefore be used on uneven terrain. As the floor is raised above the ground, it can be installed on wet floors and the floor can remain dry even in the event of heavy rain or even flooding. The rounded shape of the dome also gives it good aerodynamics and therefore good resistance to winds whatever the direction of the winds and facilitates the flow of rainwater. The spherical shape also gives greater impact resistance. Its modular structure allows easy replacement of a dome sector, a floor sector or even a base sector in the event of damage or simply to add or remove a door or a window to the living space. Thanks to its spherical shape, the habitable volume offers a particularly high ratio of useful volume to the surface of the walls. It minimizes the use of materials and footprint while maintaining a large useful volume.

The habitable volume can further be equipped with an external staircase 11 shown in Figure 54. The staircase 11 includes a height allowing a user to move from ground level to floor level. It comprises a rounded face 110 matching the rounded shape of the base 2. This staircase could also be replaced by an access ramp to facilitate the entry and exit of stretchers or wheelchairs.

Referring to Figure 55, two habitable volumes 1 can be placed in communication by positioning them so that their entrance door is face to face. A habitable volume is thus obtained, the dimensions of which are doubled.

With reference to FIG. 56, a given habitable volume can be lengthened by adding base elements 250, dome elements 450 and floor elements of suitable shape. The circular living volume can be separated by a vertical plane into two living volume halves. Between these two halves of the habitable volume, it is possible to insert as many base elements 250, dome elements 450 and floor elements as necessary to lengthen the habitable volume. According to a top view, the base elements, the dome elements and the floor elements have not the shape of a sector but the shape of a rectangle. Finally, thanks to the invention, it is possible to associate and communicate habitable volumes of different sizes. One thus obtains a base as illustrated in figure 57 comprising a set of habitable volumes. We can thus have a space to accommodate many people. This base can be used, for example, as a hospital, stewardship or canteen. This base can also be useful in the field of space conquest to form shelters on stars far from the earth, such as for example the moon, the planet Mars or Venus. The habitable volume according to the invention can be used temporarily or permanently. It could be used for example on rough terrain, desert, glacial or marshy terrain.

Claims (17)

Removable living space (1), characterized in that it comprises a floor (3), a base (2) and a dome (4), the floor (3) extending between the base (2) and the dome (4), the base (2) comprising a set of base sectors (21) releasably linked together, the dome (4) comprising a set of dome sectors (41) releasably linked together.
Living space (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the floor (3) comprises a set of floor sectors (31) linked together in a removable manner.
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each base sector (21) comprises a flat part (22) intended to rest on the ground and a rounded part (23) extending between the said flat part (22) and the floor (3).
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor (3) has a circular shape, and/or in that all the base sectors (21) of the living space are identical.
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one dome sector (41) comprises a door (42) or a window (43) or a wall without door or window.
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dome (4) includes a top opening (45), and in that the living space includes a dome (9) closing off said top opening (45) , each of the dome sectors (42) resting against the dome (9).
Living space (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each dome sector (42) comprises fixing means (440, 441) to the dome (9), at least one fixing means comprising an opening of frustoconical shape .
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a connecting ring (5) extending along the perimeter of the floor (3), the connecting ring resting against the base (2), against the floor (3) and against the dome (4), the connecting ring (5) comprising a set of connecting ring sectors (51) detachably linked together.
Living space (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the connecting ring sectors (51) are positioned so that a joint (56) between two adjacent connecting ring sectors (51) is offset by relative to a joint (46) between two adjacent dome sectors (41), and/or so that a joint (56) between two adjacent connecting ring sectors (51) is offset relative to a joint (26 ) between two base sectors (21) adjacent.
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the base sectors (21) and all the dome sectors (41) each comprise a first lateral edge (201, 401) and a second side (202, 402) opposite the first side edge (201, 401), the first side edge (201, 401) extending in a first plane, the second side edge (202, 402) extending in a second plane , the angle (A4) formed between the first plane and the second plane of each dome sector (41) being identical, the angle (A2) formed between the first plane and the second plane of each base sector (21 ) being identical, in particular the angle (A4) formed between the first plane and the second plane of each dome sector (41) being equal to 45° and the angle (A2) formed between the first plane and the second plane of each base sector (21) being equal to 45°.
Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a central support (7), the central support (7) extending from a center of the base (2) towards a center of the floor (3), the central support resting against the base (2), the floor (3) resting against the central support (7).
Living space (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the central support (7) comprises a central opening (75) to form a water inlet and/or an electricity inlet. Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a frame (6), in particular a metal frame (6), the frame (6) comprising feet (61) resting on the base (2), the frame comprising crosspieces (62) extending between the legs (62), the crosspieces (61) supporting the floor. Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a seal (81, 82) at the interface between two adjacent dome sectors (41), and/or in that it comprises a seal (81, 82) at the interface between two adjacent base sectors (21). Living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one base section (21") and/or at least one dome section (41") comprises a frame (24", 44" ) and a panel (22", 23", 42", 43"), the panel (22", 23", 42", 43") being removably fixed inside the frame (24", 44" ).
Method of mounting a living space (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises:
- a step of assembling the base sectors (21) to form a base (2),
- a step of assembling the floor (3) on the base (2),
- a step of assembling the dome sectors (41) to form a dome (4).
Mounting method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises:
- a step of maintaining a dome (9) with a removable mast (10), then
- a step of fixing dome sectors (41) to the dome (9), then
- A mast removal step (10) removable.