FR3066710A1 - TOWER FOR IN-SITU USE FOR MACHINING AN INDUSTRIAL PART, AND ASSOCIATED MACHINING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the invention is a lathe (1) for machining an industrial part (2), the industrial part extending from a tubular end (3) around a central axis (Z), the lathe comprising: - a first motor (11) capable of rotating a plate (19) about an axis of rotation (A); - A cutting tool (23) integral with the plate (19); a second motor (12) capable of axially translating the cutting tool (23) parallel to the axis of rotation (A); - A third motor (13) adapted to radially translate the cutting tool (23) perpendicularly to the axis of rotation (A); - A holding element (30), adapted to fix the lathe to the industrial part, so that the axis of rotation of the lathe (A) is parallel to the central axis (Z); such that when the lathe is fixed to the workpiece, the cutting tool is adapted to be moved against the tubular end (3), and to be rotated about said end, and in parallel translation and perpendicularly to the central axis (Z), so as to machine the workpiece from said end. The lathe is controlled according to an automatic sequence of steps, allowing an automatic realization of the machining of the workpiece according to forms. predetermined profile.

Description

Lathe intended for in-situ use for machining an industrial part, and associated machining method

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The technical field of the invention is the automated machining of industrial parts such as tubes, and in particular the in-situ production of chamfers before a welding operation.

PRIOR ART

The successful welding of two tubes requires prior machining of their respective ends. Machining can be: deburring: it involves adjusting the internal diameter of the tube in relation to a particular internal profile; chamfering: this involves machining the external diameter of the tube with respect to a particular external profile.

The shearing and chamfering operations consist in modifying the thickness of the tube, from one end of this tube, according to a predetermined profile. The profiles must be produced with precision, according to precise geometric parameters and codified in technical specifications. There are different shapes of profiles, and, for each shape of profile, different parameters. The type of profile, and its parameters, are determined according to the weld to be produced, and the characteristics of the tubes to be welded (materials, diameter, thickness, etc.).

The quality of the weld largely depends on the quality of the machining thus carried out, in particular on the precision with which the profiles were machined. Machining is generally carried out in situ, in industrial environments which can be restrictive in terms of space, noise, or other difficult conditions, for example a high temperature or a high level of irradiation. Its execution is also constrained by time, because it is part of a series of operations executed in series. In addition, it is precision work, requiring the use of qualified and experienced personnel.

It is also necessary to have equipment that is sufficiently compact and light to be easily transported and moved in an industrial installation.

Document CN205733284 describes a lathe intended to perform chamfering operations. The chamfer is produced by applying a cutting tool, the shape of which corresponds to the profile, against the tube to be chamfered. Such a method requires the use of powerful motors. Consequently, the lathe is heavy and not suitable for mobile use.

The document EP2644301 describes a lathe which can be fixed on a tube. The lathe has an axis of rotation so that when the lathe is fixed to the tube, its axis of rotation coincides with the axis around which the tube extends. The lathe comprises a cutting tool, the latter being mobile in rotation around the axis of rotation of the lathe, as well as in translation parallel and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lathe. The tour described in this document lends itself to mobile use.

The inventors have developed a compact, inexpensive lathe, suitable for mobile use, designed to allow optimized management of the cutting tool. The lathe guarantees quality machining, without requiring a permanent presence of qualified operators.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

A first object of the invention is a lathe, in particular a mobile lathe, intended for machining an industrial part, the industrial part extending, from a tubular end, around a central axis, the lathe comprising: a first motor, capable of driving a plate in rotation about an axis of rotation; a cutting tool, integral with the plate; a second motor, capable of axially translating the cutting tool parallel to the axis of rotation; a third motor, capable of translating the cutting tool radially, perpendicular to the axis of rotation; a holding element, capable of fixing the lathe to the industrial part, so that the axis of rotation of the lathe is parallel or coincident with the central axis; so that when the lathe is fixed to the industrial part, the cutting tool is able to be moved against the tubular end, and to be actuated in rotation around the tubular end, as well as in translation parallel and perpendicular to the central axis, so as to machine the industrial part from said tubular end.

The lathe may include a microprocessor, connected to a memory, configured to execute the following operations: a) taking into account of geometric parameters of the tubular end; b) selection of a machining profile from among several predefined machining profiles stored in the memory, and taking into account geometric parameters of the selected profile; c) from the parameters taken into account during steps a) and b), definition of a sequence of movements of the cutting tool; d) definition of an initial position of the cutting tool relative to the tubular end; e) when the cutting tool is disposed in the initial position, actuation of the first motor, the second motor and the third motor so as to drive the tool according to the sequence of movements defined during step c) and to machine , from the tubular end, the industrial part according to said sequence.

According to such a sequence of steps, the machining of the end of the tube can be carried out in situ, in an automated manner. The machining, and in particular its parameters, can be memorized. Machining can be carried out without requiring the presence of qualified operators.

By mobile tower is meant an easily transportable tower, in order to be able to be deployed in an industrial installation and to be fixed to an industrial part, in particular a tube, in the installation. The mass of the lathe is preferably less than 250 kg, or even 100 kg. By in-situ is meant on site, without requiring a transfer of the workpiece outside the installation in which it is used.

According to one embodiment, the lathe can be such that the third motor is actuated by a microcontroller, said microcontroller of radial translation, integral with the plate. Thus, the radial translation microcontroller follows a rotational movement when the plate is rotated by the motor. The radial translation microcontroller is then configured to: transmit, to the microprocessor, a position of the cutting tool, along an axis of radial translation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation; receive instructions from the microprocessor, and, depending on the instructions received, control the activation of the third motor.

The radial translation microcontroller can comprise, or be connected to encoders allowing a determination of a position of the cutting tool along the axis of radial translation.

The lathe may include a rotating collector, comprising a stator fixed relative to the first and second motors, and a rotor secured to the plate, capable of being rotated by the latter, the rotating collector ensuring an electrical connection between upstream conductors. emerging from the stator and downstream conductors extending from the rotor, towards the radial translation microcontroller. The number of electrical connections provided by the rotary collector is preferably less than or equal to 6. An advantage of having a microcontroller of radial translation secured to the plate, and movable in rotation with the latter, is to reduce the number of connections made by the rotary collector.

The microprocessor is preferably configured to implement the machining process described below.

A second object of the invention is a method of machining an industrial part, the industrial part extending from a tubular end, around a central axis, the machining being carried out by a cutting tool. , the cutting tool being arranged on a lathe, the lathe defining an axis of rotation, the lathe being intended to be fixed to the industrial piece, so that the axis of rotation of the lathe coincides with the central axis from the tubular end, the lathe being and able to move the cutting tool: in rotation around the axis of rotation; in a so-called axial translation parallel to the axis of rotation; in a so-called radial translation perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the method comprising the following steps: a) taking into account geometric parameters of the tubular end; b) selecting a machining profile from predetermined profiles stored in a memory, then taking into account geometric parameters of the machining profile thus selected; c) from the parameters taken into account during steps a) and b), definition, by the microprocessor, of a sequence of movements of the cutting tool; d) definition of an initial position of the cutting tool relative to the tubular end; e) when the cutting tool is arranged in the initial position, actuation of the lathe so as to drive the tool according to the sequence of movements defined during step c), so as to form the machining profile, defined during step b), from the tubular end.

The method may include, prior to step d), a dressing, consisting in machining the tubular end along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, so that the latter extends along said plane.

According to one embodiment: the sequence of movements comprises a multitude of elementary sequences, each elementary sequence comprising an axial translation of the cutting tool from the end or towards the end, each elementary sequence being carried out while the the cutting tool is rotated about the axis of rotation of the lathe; between two successive elementary sequences, the cutting tool is translated in a radial translation.

During each elementary sequence, the machining can in particular allow the removal of a thickness of material less than or equal to 5 mm, and preferably less than or equal to 2 mm, for example 0.1 mm.

According to one embodiment, during step d), the initial position of the cutting tool is disposed against the tubular end or at a predetermined distance from the latter. This facilitates positioning of the cutting tool according to the initial position.

According to one embodiment, the method comprises a step f) of finishing machining, comprising the application of the cutting tool along the machining profile formed during step e) so as to eliminate discontinuities said profile.

The method according to the second object of the invention can be implemented using the lathe according to the first object of the invention. The tubular end defines an outer surface and an inner surface. The method can be applied to form a profile along the outer surface and / or along the inner surface. The profile may in particular extend by a distance, called the working distance, less than 20 cm, from the tubular end, parallel to the central axis of the tubular end.

The industrial part can in particular be a tube, or include a tube. Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented in the figures listed below.

FIGURES

Figures IA, IB, 2A and 2B form different views of an example of a lathe according to the invention, the lathe being mounted on a tube intended to be machined.

Figures 3A, 3B and 3C show a detail of a carriage for carrying out a radial translation of the cutting tool carried by the lathe. Figure 3D shows a first configuration of the cutting tool, intended to form a chamfer, by machining the external wall of the tube. FIG. 3E shows a second configuration of the cutting tool, intended for a shearing operation, by machining the internal wall of the tube.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a rotary connector intended for an electrical supply of the motor allowing the translation of the cutting tool perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lathe.

FIG. 5A represents different stages of a method of carrying out a machining, in particular using the lathe as presented in the preceding figures. Figures 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F are respectively illustrations of steps 110,120,130,140,150 described in connection with Figure 5A.

FIG. 5G represents a sequence of elementary displacements of the cutting tool so as to obtain a cutting profile.

EXPLANATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Figure IA shows an example of tower 1 according to the invention. The lathe 1 is intended to be fixed on an industrial part, which is, in this example, a tube 2, so that one end 3 of the tube is machined. The tube extends, between an external surface 2.1 and an internal surface 2.2, around an axis, called the central axis Z. The turn 1 has an axis of rotation Δ, so that when the turn 1 is fixed on the tube 2, the axis of rotation Δ coincides with the central axis Z of tube 2.

Turn 1 comprises a shaft 10, the shaft extending along the axis of rotation Δ of the turn.

The turn 1 is fixed to the tube 2 by a holding element 30. In this example, the holding element comprises jaws 31, extending from the shaft 10 so as to be in contact with the internal wall 2.2 of the tube, thus ensuring centering and maintaining of the turn 1 on the tube 2. Thus, the turn 1 is carried by the tube, the axis of rotation Δ of the turn 1 being coaxial with the central axis Z of the tube 2 Other holding elements 30, allowing the tower 1 to be maintained by the tube 2, are conceivable, for example a frame enclosing the external surface 2.1 of the tube 2, the frame being connected to the tower 1 by longitudinal uprights extending parallel to the axis of rotation Δ of turn 2.

The lathe includes a first motor 11, controlled by a microcontroller 11 ′, called the rotation microcontroller, and a plate 19. The first motor 11 is capable of driving the plate 19 in rotation about the axis of rotation Δ. The first motor 11 is connected to a transmission 15, visible in FIG. 1B, formed of pinions for transmitting the rotational movement to the plate 19. The transmission 15 is covered by a casing 14. The power of the first motor can be equal to 1.5 kW. It may for example be an electric motor marketed by OMRON under the reference R88K1K530H.

The lathe comprises a plate 19, capable of being driven in rotation by the first motor 11. The plate 19 takes in this example a disc shape. The plate 19 serves as a support for a cutting tool 23 described later.

Turn 1 comprises a second motor 12, controlled by a microcontroller 12 ′ called an axial translation microcontroller, intended to drive the plate 19 in an axial translation, parallel to the axis of rotation Δ of turn 1. In this example, the plate moves in translation relative to the shaft 10, the latter being held fixed relative to the tube 2. Under the effect of the axial translation, a first distance di, between the plate 19 and the end 3 of the tube 2 , is variable. In this example, the second motor 12 is an electric motor, with a power of 750 W. This is for example the motor marketed by MAXON under the reference ECMAX 30L / PM42 24V.

Turn 1 comprises a third motor 13, intended to control a translation of the cutting tool 23, called radial translation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation Δ of turn 1. It is an electric motor of power 240 W. In this example, this is the motor marketed by MAXON under the reference ECMAX 22L / PM22 24V. The cutting tool 23 is fixed to a tool support 22, the latter being carried by a carriage 20. The third motor controls the movement of the carriage 20 in radial translation. The carriage 20 and the tool support 22 are described in connection with FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3A to 3E.

The lathe comprises a gripping element 16, in this example a handle, allowing manual grasping of the lathe or using a lifting means. It also includes a rotating collector 18, allowing an electrical supply to the radial translation microcontroller 13 '. The rotary collector is described in connection with FIGS. 4A and 4B.

The lathe comprises a microprocessor 40, configured to execute instructions, coded in a memory 41, making it possible to define and control the movement of the cutting tool 23 relative to the tube 2, as described below, in connection with the Figures 5A to 5G. The microprocessor is connected to a screen 42, to monitor the configuration of the machining and its progress. The screen is preferably a touch screen, which allows simple communication of an operator with the microprocessor 40. The microprocessor 40, the memory 41 and the screen 42 then form a control interface for turn 1.

There is shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the cutting tool 23, mounted at one end of a tool holder 22. The tool holder 22 is fixed to a carriage 20, the carriage being mounted movable in radial translation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation Δ of the turn 1. The carriage 20 moves along two rails 25, arranged on the plate 19. It is driven in translation by the third motor 13, through an endless screw 24. The effect of the radial translation is to modify a second distance d, between the cutting tool 23 and the axis of rotation Δ of the turn 1, as shown in FIG. 2B. The plate 19 has a counterweight 29, preferably diametrically opposite the third motor 13.

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C represent the cutting tool 23, mounted at the end of the tool support 22, the latter being inserted into an opening 28 formed in the carriage 20. As shown in FIG. 3B, the carriage may include several openings 28 capable of receiving the tool support 22, so as to adapt the movement in translation of the cutting tool 23.

The third motor 13 is controlled by a radial translation microcontroller 13 '. The radial translation microcontroller 13 'is mounted integral with the plate 19. It is therefore mobile in rotation about the axis of rotation Δ of the turn 1. The radial translation microcontroller 13' receives instructions from the processor 40, and actuates the third motor 13 according to said instructions. The radial translation microcontroller 13 ′ includes encoders 26, making it possible to define the position of the carriage 20 along the axis of the radial translation. Advantageously, the radial translation microcontroller 13 is connected to at least one so-called end-of-travel sensor 27, so as to determine the position of the carriage when the latter reaches a maximum clearance along the axis of the radial translation. Such a sensor can allow the encoders 26 to be initialized during an initialization phase. Thus, as a function of the position of the carriage 20, and of the instructions received from the microprocessor 40, the radial translation microcontroller 13 ′ actuates the third motor 13, in one direction or the other, so as to adjust the second distance dî, whether to reduce it, increase it or keep it constant.

The microprocessor 40 is connected to all or part of the microcontrollers 11 ′, 12 ′ and 13 ′ by wired link or by wireless link.

Figures 3D and 3E show different arrangements of the cutting tool 23 on the support 22. In this example, the cutting tool is a plate, at least one edge of which is projecting. The assembly of FIG. 3D corresponds to an arrangement adapted to the production of a chamfer, the cutting tool 23 acting on the external wall 2.1 of the tube 2. The assembly of FIG. 3E corresponds to an arrangement adapted to the realization of 'a shearing, the cutting tool 23 acting on the internal wall 2.2 of the tube 2. It is possible to have a mixed support, having, at its end, two cutting tools respectively oriented in two opposite directions, the one being intended for chamfering, the other being intended for shearing.

The instructions from the microprocessor 40 reach the radial translation microcontroller 13 'via a rotating collector 18 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. It can for example be a rotary collector of the MOFLON MT100 P0205-S 4 type. Such a collector provides an electrical connection between a fixed part, usually designated by the term stator and a movable part, usually designated by the term rotor , the latter being intended to rotate around the axis of rotation Δ during the operation of the lathe 1. It may for example be a collector with a rotating ring. It allows an electrical connection between conductors, said upstream conductors 17, fixed relative to the first motor and to the second motor, and conductors, said downstream conductors 17 ', extending along the plate 19, towards the radial translation microcontroller 13 . The downstream conductors 17 ′ are in particular intended for supplying and controlling the third electric motor 13.

The arrangement of the radial translation microcontroller 13 'on the plate 19, that is to say downstream of the rotary connector 18, between the plate 19 and the cutting tool 23, makes it possible to minimize the number of electrical connections provided by the rotary collector 18. In the example shown, the rotary collector 18 provides a connection respectively between five upstream conductors 17 and five downstream conductors 17 '. Two of said conductors conduct a power signal, intended for the power supply of the third motor 13. Two conductors carry a logic control signal, of CAN bus type (acronym for Controller Area Network), intended for the radial translation microcontroller 13 ' . A conductor is preferably connected to a ground. Minimizing the number of electrical connections makes it possible to reduce the size of the rotating collector 18, as well as its cost. It also improves the reliability of the lathe, as too many electrical connections in a rotating collector can affect reliability.

FIG. 5A represents the main steps allowing the control of the lathe 1. The known devices of the prior art also include control interfaces, the latter allowing manual adjustment, even programming in time, of cutting parameters, for example the speed of rotation of the revolution or the speed of axial translation and radial translation of the cutting tool. Such adjustments require a certain expertise on the part of an operator, because as indicated in connection with the prior art, the cutting parameters varying as a function of the material machined, the dimensions of the tube and the profile to be produced.

In order to facilitate the use of the lathe, the inventors have designed an algorithm allowing automatic configuration of the lathe, and facilitating the implementation of the latter, according to the steps described below:

Step 100: positioning of the lathe. This step consists in fixing the tower 1 on the tube 2, using the holding element 30, so that the tower 1 is carried by the tube 2.

Step 110: referencing the operation. During this step, the name of the operator OP and the reference REF of the operation completed are entered, this for traceability purposes. The taking into account, by the microprocessor 40, of this data, can be obtained through the screen shown in FIG. 5B.

Step 120: parameters of the tube. During this step, parameters relating to the tube 2 are given: the material Mat, the internal diameter Φ, ηι, the external diameter Φεχι, possibly the thickness ε. FIG. 5C shows the interface appearing on the screen 42 when these parameters are defined.

Step 130: profile selection. During this step, a P profile is selected from a PROFILE profile database stored in memory. The selection of the profile P depends in particular on the type of welding which will be carried out subsequently. Figure 5D shows the interface appearing on screen 42 when selecting a profile shape. Figure 5E shows schematically an example profile. For each profile selected, a list of specific profile parameters is completed. FIG. 5E represents parameters T, H, R, Θ of a profile to be formed. These parameters correspond respectively to a residual thickness, a working distance along the central axis of the tube, a radius of curvature and an angle.

Step 140: movement sequence. Given the dimensions of the tube and the selected profile, and taking into account the dimensions of the cutting tool 23, the microprocessor 40 determines a movement sequence S of the cutting tool 23 against the tube 2. A sequence of displacements comprises a plurality of elementary displacement sequences Sn. Each elementary movement sequence Sn comprises an axial translation of the cutting tool 23 parallel to the axis of rotation Δ, from the end 3, during which an elementary thickness of material is removed. It also includes an axial translation in the opposite direction, so as to bring the cutting tool 23 closer to the end 3 of the tube 2. A radial translation of the cutting tool towards the axis of rotation Δ is carried out between two successive elementary sequences Sn, Sn + 1. Thus, step by step, the succession of elementary sequences Sn makes it possible to obtain the desired profile, as described in FIG. 2G. The elementary thickness of material removed during each elementary sequence Sn is generally between 0.05 mm and 2 mm. The withdrawal, during each elementary sequence Sn of a small thickness of material, allows the production of different profile shapes. The path of the cutting tool 23 during the various elementary sequences makes it possible to successively remove layers of material, in order to obtain the desired profile. The successive removal of a small thickness of material allows the use of low-power motors, making turn 1 lighter and more easily transportable. When the machining performed is a chamfer, the cutting tool is brought closer to the axis of rotation between two successive elementary sequences. When the machining carried out is bending, the cutting tool is moved away from the axis of rotation between two successive elementary sequences. Step 140 may be preceded by a dressing operation, aiming to adjust the end 3 so that it extends along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lathe. This operation is carried out by moving the cutting tool perpendicular to the axis of rotation Δ.

Step 150: initialization. During this step, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5F, the microprocessor 40 determines an initial position at which the cutting tool 23 must be disposed. This initial position is generally placed at the end 3 of the tube 2, or at a predetermined distance from this end. The operator moves the cutting tool 23 to the initial position determined by the microprocessor 40 and confirms that the cutting tool is correctly positioned at said initial position.

Step 160: machining. During this step, illustrated in FIG. 5G, the microprocessor generates control instructions for the rotation microcontroller 11 ', the axial translation microcontroller 12' and the radial translation microcontroller 13 ', so that the tool section 23 executes the movement sequence calculated during step 140. FIG. 5G represents the different elementary sequences SL ... Sn ... SN constituting a movement sequence S. During each elementary sequence, a small thickness material is removed, typically between 0.05 mm and 2 mm, as previously described. The fact of carrying out different elementary sequences Sn in order to successively remove different layers of material makes it possible to use the same cutting tool 23 to produce different profile shapes. In this example, the cutting tool 23 is a simple insert: the invention allows the use of a single inexpensive cutting tool, the production of the different profiles being possible by the succession of elementary sequences Sn, during which a small thickness of material is removed.

During each elementary movement sequence, the microprocessor 40 receives information from the rotation, axial translation and radial translation microcontrollers and, as a function of this information, generates a command signal to the microcontrollers so as to actuate the motors to move the '' cutting tool according to the profile selected and configured. Preferably, during an elementary movement, a single translation is controlled, whether it is an axial translation or a radial translation. During each elementary movement, the rotation speed of the lathe as well as the translation speed, whether it is an axial translation or a radial translation, is calculated automatically by the microprocessor 40, according to known standards of the skilled person. The calculation of these speeds takes particular account of the material constituting the workpiece 2, as well as the diameter of the tubular end 3. The automatic calculation of the speeds facilitates the implementation of the lathe. The rotation or translation speeds, calculated automatically by the microprocessor 40, can be adjusted manually by an expert operator. At the end of the elementary sequences, the desired profile is obtained to within one discretization step, the discretization step corresponding to the thickness of the material layer removed during each elementary sequence. Such a solution is preferable to the use of cutting tools of different shapes, in which each cutting tool takes a specific profile shape.

Step 170: finishing machining. The execution of the machining sequence, according to step 160, can leave a rough surface state, due to the successive translations of the cutting tool during each elementary machining sequence, which generates discontinuities. of the surface finish. During this step, the cutting tool is applied along the profile obtained following step 160, so as to attenuate the discontinuities and improve the surface condition of the profile. During this step, the control of the second motor and of the third motor is synchronized, these two motors being simultaneously actuated. Step 170 is optional.

Step 180: traceability. The execution of the machining sequence can be recorded in a memory, including the information relating to the operation taken into account during steps 110, to 160 or 170. This allows the establishment of summary reports relating to the machining performed. Step 180 is optional.

Although described in connection with the production of a chamfer on the external surface 2.1 of a tube, as shown in FIG. 5G, the above steps can be applied to the production of a profile on the internal surface 2.2 d 'a tube, starting from the end 3. The invention may be implemented for in-situ machining of tubes or other industrial parts having a tubular end, to shape said end before carrying out welds . It can be flanges. It allows, from memorized configurable profiles, to perform this type of machining in a simple, automatic and controlled manner. It is particularly suitable for maintenance operations in complex industrial sites, in the field of chemistry, the food industry, the petroleum industry or the nuclear industry.

Claims (11)

1. lathe (1) intended for machining an industrial part (2), the industrial part extending, from a tubular end (3), around a central axis (Z), the lathe comprising: a first motor (11), capable of rotating a plate (19) about an axis of rotation (Δ); a cutting tool (23), integral with the plate (19); a second motor (12), capable of axially translating the cutting tool (23) parallel to the axis of rotation (Δ); a third motor (13), capable of translating the cutting tool (23) radially perpendicular to the axis of rotation (Δ); a holding element (30), capable of fixing the lathe to the industrial part, so that the axis of rotation of the lathe (Δ) is parallel to the central axis (Z); so that when the lathe is fixed to the industrial part, the cutting tool is able to be moved against the tubular end (3), and to be actuated in rotation around the tubular end, as well as translation parallel and perpendicular to the central axis (Z), so as to machine the industrial part from said tubular end; the lathe being characterized in that it comprises a microprocessor (40), connected to a memory (41), and configured to execute the following operations: a) taking into account of geometric parameters of the tubular end (3); b) selecting a machining profile from among several predefined machining profiles stored in the memory (41), and taking into account geometric parameters of the selected profile; c) from the parameters taken into account during steps a) and b), definition, by the microprocessor, of a sequence of displacements (S) of the cutting tool; d) definition of an initial position of the cutting tool (23) relative to the tubular end (3); e) when the cutting tool is placed in the initial position, actuation of the first motor (11), the second motor (12) and the third motor (13) so as to drive the tool according to the sequence of movements defined during from step c) and machine, from the tubular end, the industrial part according to said sequence of movements. 2. Tower according to claim 1, wherein the third motor (13) is actuated by a microcontroller (13 '), said microcontroller of radial translation, integral with the plate (19). 3. Tower according to claim 2, in which the radial translation microcontroller (13 j is configured to: transmit to the microprocessor (40), a position of the cutting tool, along an axis of radial translation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation (Δ); receive instructions from the microprocessor (40), and, as a function of these instructions, control the activation of the third motor (13). 4. Lathe according to claim 3, comprising coders (26) allowing a determination of a position of the cutting tool along a radial translation axis, perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the coders being included in the microcontroller of radial translation (13 ') or connected to said microcontroller (13 j. 5. Tower according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a rotary collector (18), comprising a stator fixed relative to the first and second motors (11, 12), and a rotor secured to the plate (19) and capable of be driven in rotation by the first motor (11), the rotary collector ensuring an electrical connection between upstream conductors (17) emerging from the stator and downstream conductors (17 ') extending from the rotor to the radial translation microcontroller (13 d, the number of electrical connections provided by the rotary collector being preferably less than or equal to 6. 6. Method for machining an industrial part (2), the industrial part extending, from a tubular end (3), around a central axis (Z), the machining being carried out by a cutting tool (23), the cutting tool being arranged on a lathe (1), the lathe defining an axis of rotation (Δ), the lathe being intended to be fixed to the industrial part, so that the axis of rotation of the lathe (Δ) is coincident with the central axis (Z), the lathe being able to move the cutting tool: in rotation around the axis of rotation (Δ); in a so-called axial translation, parallel to the axis of rotation; in a so-called radial translation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation; the method comprising the following steps: a) taking into account geometric parameters of the tubular end (3); b) selecting a machining profile (P) from predetermined profiles stored in a memory (41) and taking into account the geometric parameters of the machining profile thus selected; c) from the geometric parameters taken into account during steps a) and b), definition, by the microprocessor (40), of a sequence of movements (S) of the cutting tool; d) definition of an initial position of the cutting tool relative to the tubular end (3); e) when the cutting tool is arranged in the initial position, actuation of the lathe (1) so as to drive the cutting tool (23) according to the sequence of movements (S) defined during step c), so as to form the machining profile (P), defined during step b), from the tubular end (3). 7. Method according to claim 6, in which: the sequence of movements comprises a multitude of elementary sequences (Sn), each elementary sequence comprising an axial translation of the cutting tool (23) from the tubular end (3 ) or towards the tubular end, each elementary sequence being carried out while the cutting tool (23) is rotated about the axis of rotation (Δ) of the lathe; and in which between two successive elementary sequences, the cutting tool (23) is translated in a radial translation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation (Δ). 8. The method of claim 7, wherein successive elementary sequences lead to the withdrawal of a layer of material of thickness less than 2 mm. 9. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein during step d), the initial position of the cutting tool is disposed against the tubular end (3) of the industrial part or at a predetermined distance from said tubular end (3). 10. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising a step f) of finishing machining, comprising the application of the cutting tool along the profile formed during step e) so as to eliminate discontinuities from said profile. 11. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, in which the lathe implemented is a lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 5.