FR3007253A1 - SANDAL, TYPE TONG, INTEGRATING A PLANTAIRE ORTHESIS - Google Patents

Abstract

This sandal comprises a sole (2) on which is fixed a set of flanges (3) for maintaining the foot on the sole. The phase of the sole from which the flanges extend integrates a plane orthosis (10).

Description

The present invention relates to footwear, and relates more particularly to a sandal, tong type.

But the invention relates, in general, the field of orthopedics and more particularly plantar orthotics, that is to say, orthopedic insoles. An orthosis is an appliance structure intended to compensate for a deficient function by direct contact of the orthosis with a part of the body, in this case the sole of the foot. The orthotics comprise particular volumes delimiting projecting or recessed zones intended to provide a particular action on the foot. Indeed, the foot has essentially two areas, namely the anterior tarsus and posterior tarsus by which the foot rests on the ground depending on the different phases of walking. The skeleton of the foot essentially comprises, from the back to the front, for the posterior tarsus, the talus which is articulated with the tibia and the fibula, and the calcaneum, that is to say the bone of the heel and, for the anterior tarsus, the cuboid, the scaphoid, the cuneiform bones and the metatarsal bones. The anterior tarsus articulates with the first, second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones. The metatarsal bones are long bones that include in the middle part a diaphysis and end epiphyses also called "metatarsal head".

The second and third metatarsals are longer in length than the first, fourth and fifth metatarsals. In addition, during the plantigrade phase, the metatarsals are inclined downwards and forwards, wedge-shaped bones towards the phalanges.

During a first phase of the walk, called taligrade phase, the foot rests in heel support by the calcaneal bone. From this phase to the next phase of the step, called the plantigrade phase, a charge transfer is essentially created from the back to the front. The skeleton of the foot having a transverse anterior vault at the metatarsal heads, the support then occurs on three points of support. It occurs on the calcaneal bone and on the metatarsal heads of the first and fifth metatarsals. During the third phase of the step, called digitigrade phase, the transfer of charge, which continues essentially forward, generates a foot support on the toes. However, the second and third metatarsal bones having a greater length than the first, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones, support is mainly on the second and third metatarsal heads. Various pathologies related to support disorders may appear following the repetition of efforts at the support zones during the successive phases of the step. Talalgias associated with pain in the calcaneus during the taligrade phase, and to a lesser extent in the plantigrade phase, are characterized by metatarsalgia, which is accompanied by pain in the lower limbs. second and third metatarsal heads, especially during the digitigrade phase.

It has been found that about 50% of foot pathologies come from metatarsalgia, the rest of the pathologies encountered stemming mainly from talalgia. In addition, 95% of metatarsalgia is caused by a distribution of weight mainly on the second and third metatarsal heads during the digitigrade phase. Based on these findings, the Applicant has developed an orthosis to relieve 80% and up to 95% of pathologies encountered. Reference can be made to the document WO 2005/120268 which describes such an orthosis. As is known, orthoses generally consist of removable equipment structures. In some environments, users do not wear closed footwear so that they can not use such orthotics.

The object of the invention is therefore to overcome this disadvantage and to provide a sandal, including but not exclusively tong type, to overcome this disadvantage. The invention therefore relates to a sandal comprising a sole on which is fixed a set of flanges for holding the foot on the sole and in which the face of the sole from which the flanges extend incorporates a plantar orthosis. According to another characteristic of the invention, the plantar orthosis comprises, on a substantially flat area, a retro-capital bar zone, so-called sub-capitals zones in relief, namely a sub-capital zone for the first metatarsal and a zone sub-capital for the fourth and fifth metatarsals, said sub-capitals being separated from each other and arranged at the front of the retro-capital bar zone, the retro-capital bar zone being just behind the metatarsal heads and having a median bulge just behind the second and third metatarsal heads and longitudinally a maximum boom height just behind the metatarsal heads that regularly transform into an inclined plane.

According to yet another characteristic, the orthosis comprises, towards the rear of the retro-capital bar zone, an internal hemicoupole zone and an external hemicoupole zone, the orthosis ending in a heel ring. Advantageously, the sub-capital areas have a height of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm and are flat or slightly inclined forward. In addition, the inner hemicyleole area may be generally convex in a longitudinal plane and conform to the internal foot arch of the foot and be convex or concave or arched in a transverse plane, this area of the inner hemicyleole generally being concave in the direction of its length and its cross section being regularly concave, convex or arched, the greatest height being between 2 and 25 mm, said zone extending longitudinally from the posterior third of the calcaneus towards the back of the cervix first metatarsal and transversely up to two thirds of the foot width. The outer hemicoupole zone may be convex in the longitudinal plane extending from about one third posterior of the calcaneus to the back of the fifth metatarsal head, supporting the outer arch and extending transversely to approximately half the width of the foot, the cross section being concave, inclined, flat or convex. The heel ring zone may have a concave semi-annular shape, the longitudinal sections of the two branches being of constant height or slightly inclined towards the front, the sectional sections being slightly convex, inclined, flat or concave. In one embodiment, the maximum boom height of said retro-capital bar area is from 2 to 10 mm.

According to yet another feature of the invention, the sole comprises a first in which is formed the orthosis and an outsole, fixed to one another, the flanges being fixed by at least one of their ends between the first and the outsole.

The first may be coated with a layer of softer material than the first. A resin layer may be further interposed between the first and the outsole. Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of above a sandal according to the invention; - Figures 2 and 3 are schematic sectional views of the sandal of Figure 1 according to two respective embodiments; FIG. 4 is a top view of the orthosis of the sandal of FIG. 1 and also shows a plurality of sections along the lines 1-1 to 7-7, said sections being vertical with respect to the sole placed in a horizontal plane; Figure 5 shows longitudinal sections of the subcapital parts; - Figure 6 shows a top view of the heel ring and the longitudinal and transverse sections at different levels; FIG. 7 represents a view in longitudinal section and three cross sections according to three variants of the internal hemicoupole; FIG. 8 represents longitudinal and transverse sections of the median retro-capital support zone; FIG. 9 represents longitudinal and transverse sections according to different variants of the part making it possible to form the retro-capital bar; and - Figure 10 shows longitudinal sections and cross sectional variants of the outer hemicoupole.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show a sandal, and generally a footwear according to the invention, designated by the general numerical reference 1. In the embodiment shown, it is a sandal, type tong. Of course, it is not beyond the scope of the invention when the sandal is constituted by any other type of footwear comprising a sole and flanges used for maintaining the foot on the sole. As seen in Figures 1 to 3, the sandal 1 has indeed a sole 2 on which are fixed one or more flanges 3, as is known per se. As shown in Figure 2, the sole 2 comprises a first 4 and an outsole 5 fixed to one another, for example by gluing.

The sole 2, including the first and the outsole, can be made from any material suitable for the intended use. The embodiment of the sole of eco-friendly material, for example hemp, linen, etc. is however advantageous. As seen, the outsole has two housings, such as 6, made in the face facing the first to receive an enlarged head formed at the ends of the flanges 3. Note that the face of the first on which the foot is intended to rest and to be held there by flanges 3 incorporates an orthosis. Thus, preferably, it will be possible advantageously to incorporate between the first 4 and the outsole 5, a layer 7 of resin serving to maintain the curve of the orthosis, and in particular, as will be described in detail later, of the internal hemicoupole and the external hemicoupole. As can be seen in FIG. 3, it is also possible to provide a layer 8 of material that is more flexible than the rest of the soleplate in order to give the latter, and in particular the first, a plane appearance. This layer 8 is intended to deform in time so that the sales points of the sandal, the sole has a flat appearance, the relief formed by the orthosis is intended to be drawn in time. For example, the sole may be made of a material having a Shore hardness between 50 and 90, while the upper layer 8 may be made from a material having a hardness of between 20 and 35 Shore. The plantar orthosis shown in Figure 1 has, at its lower level, a base 10 cut, formed by the first. This base 10 is cut for example in a thick sheet of a plane material and forming a flat first sole. On this base are arranged, in relief, a number of areas, namely a sub-capital area 11 of the first metatarsal, an area 12 for the sub-capital of the fourth and fifth metatarsals, a retro-capital bar or retro-capital support. capital 13, an internal hemicoupole 14, an external hemicoupole 15 and a heel ring 16.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 defines the contour lines of the different zones, it being understood that these zones may vary in their width or in their length. Preferably, the length and / or width of the zones may vary within ± 10%, and preferably ± 7%, with respect to the dimensions as they appear in the figure, the dimensions being proportional to the sizes of the orthoses. The presence of zones 11 to 16 reveals an additional zone which remains flat, namely an anterior zone 17 for the phalanges, and possibly an inner flat zone 18 internal to the heel ring and also delimited by the hemicoupoles, but which could also be be slightly concave. The different zones 11 to 16 are connected to the flat areas 17 and 18, as well as to each other for the adjacent areas, by smooth connecting lines, avoiding any abrupt transition that would form a sensitive edge for the foot. The different areas can be realized in different ways. Thus, a first embodiment makes it possible to manufacture the orthosis visible in FIG. 1 from a flat sheet, suitably cut and deformed and stiffened so as to present the different zones 11 to 18 in one piece. Another embodiment consists in producing the orthosis by molding. Another embodiment may consist in providing zones 11 to 16 cut along the lines shown in FIG. 1, these zones then being juxtaposed and fixed, for example by gluing or stitching, onto the sheet or sole that will reveal the zones planes 17 and 18. Another embodiment, an example of which is shown in FIG. 4, consists in producing parts that will be partially superposed and assembled, preferably by gluing. Thus, we see in Figure 4 that the orthosis comprises a first part A, the anterior ends respectively form the zones 11 and 12. A part 8 forms, in its central part, the retrocapital bar. It can be completed, on its surface, by a piece C which comes to thicken it in its center. Another piece D forms the outer hemicoupole 15, and extends forwardly and towards the inner side. It overflows the outer side of the orthosis 10.

A piece E forms the heel ring 16 and has a U-shape which makes it extend under the outer and inner hemicoupoles. A part F forms the internal hemicoupole which is partially superimposed on the internal metatarsal part of the piece A, on the central part of the piece D, and on one of the branches of the piece E.

This hemicoupole 14 overflows the periphery of the sole 2 on the inner side, as is usual. The contours of these pieces are as follows. Exhibit A: - previous limits, (21, 22): they correspond, on the plantar footprint under digital vacuum. They are located a few millimeters in front of the anterior border of the forefoot, so as to anticipate the advancement of the plantar and metatarsals during the digitigrade step. From the strictly anatomical point of view, this limit lies directly above the proximal diaphyses of the toes. From a geometrical point of view, the anterior limit is located on the cutting line of the soles 3/4 (1/6, 3/10). Each element will occupy 1/6 of this width; - posterior limit: if the sub-capital elements are executed alone, the posterior limit 23 is located at the articulation of Lisfranc. If the sub-capital elements are associated in monoblock with the retro-capital element, the limit corresponds to the limit of the metatarsal passes; - lateral limits 24, 25, 26, 27: they correspond to the transverse divisions of the forefoot in 1/6 of its width. The reliefs 11 and 12 have a height preferably between 0.5 mm and 10 mm. These areas may be flat or slightly inclined forward. Referring to Figure 5, there are three possible longitudinal section variants for the sub- and anterocapital elements of the first, fourth and fifth metatarsals defined by part A, the maximum thickness being substantially located at the neck of the metatarsals. The inclined or flat surfaces between the neck and the 1/6 edge are discovered to form zones 11 or 12 while the posterior parts located between Lisfranc's articulation neck will be covered by piece B. Part B: This piece is intended to form the retro-capital bar zone (BRC) or, alternatively, the retro-capital support zone (ARC). - BRC: it is an element located just behind the metatarsal heads which constitute for the whole the metatarsal pallet. It generally presents a median bulge just behind the second and third metatarsal heads, its lower limit being indifferent; - longitudinally, it is an element that has a maximum boom height just behind the metatarsal heads and is regularly transformed into an inclined plane towards its lower limit; - ARC: its content is similar to the BRC zone, except that the element is located behind the second, third and fourth metatarsal heads. The limits are, for the BRC: - anterior limit 31: it corresponds to the line of the metatarsal passes; posterior limit 32: it corresponds to the articular spacing of the Lisfranc joint; internal lateral limit 33: it corresponds to the adaptation overhang with the convex shoe inside, the overhang varying from 2 to 4 mm; external lateral limit 34, convex outside, the overhang varying from 2 to 4 mm.

The limits are, for the RCAF: - anterior limit: it follows the limit of the passes of the second, third and fourth metatarsals; - posterior limit: point situated at the intersection of Lisfranc's line spacing or at the intersection of the geometric axis of the foot, or at the intersection of the axis of the hindfoot; - lateral limits: slightly convex, the width is equal to 3/6 corresponding to the second, third and fourth metatarsals. Internally, at 2/6 transverse, externally at 2/6 longitudinal, 5/6 transverse, 2/5 longitudinal. The thicknesses are preferably between 1 and 10 mm. Referring to Figure 9, there is shown a longitudinal sectional view in the central portion of the retro-capital bar, inclined rearwardly. In cross section, it can be flat, or curved with a gutter, as shown in section 4-4, Figure 4, or even flat with a median bulge without lateral gutter, or curved with a gutter and side fins. The height in the thickest part is 2 to 5 mm at least up to 8 or 9 mm at most.

When carried out in the form of retro-capital support, it can be seen in FIG. 8 that it has a longitudinal central section similar to that of the retro-capital bar, but extends only under the central metatarsals, ie the second, third and fourth metatarsals, and then presents convex cross-sections with maximum heights under the second, third or fourth metatarsal. The height may vary from 2 to 5 mm at least and 8 or 9 mm at most. Internal Hemicupole (F): It is an element that marries the internal arch of the foot or inner arch. In a longitudinal plane, it is generally convex. In a transverse plane it is either totally convex, or totally concave, or arch ear, that is to say concave in its upper part, convex in its lower part. It can extend posterior 1/3 of the calcaneus up to the neck of the first metatarsal. Transversally, it can extend up to 2/3 of the width of the foot. The limits are: - anterior limit 41: neck of the first metatarsal; posterior limit 42: 1/2 of the length of the calcaneus or 1/3 of the length of the calcaneum; internal lateral limit 43: adaptation overhang: right limit or slightly convex inside; - outer lateral limit 44: line convex outward, maximum width above the scaphoid. 1/2 of the width of the first sole. Referring to Figure 7, we see, on the one hand, the longitudinal section and, on the other hand, three cross-sectional variants for the relief of this internal hemicyloid. For the relief for the longitudinal section, the maximum height may be at the medial border at the level of the scaphoid or at the base of the scaphocuneal joint, or at the level of the internal Lisfranc articulation (cuneometatarsal). ).

In the transverse direction, the section, taken at its maximum height, may be regularly convex, or arch ear, or even regularly concave. The height varies from 2 to 25 mm.

External haemicupole (D): It is an element that marries the external arch or external arch of the foot. In a longitudinal plane, it is generally convex, but can be flat, even concave. In a transverse plane, it is either totally convex, or totally concave or arched ear, that is to say concave in its upper part, convex in its lower part. It can extend behind the posterior third of the calcaneus to the front of the back of the fifth metatarsal head. Transversally it can extend up to 2/3 of foot width.

The limits are: anterior limit 51: neck of the fifth metatarsal; Posterior limit 52: 1/3 anterior of calcaneal length or 1/2 of calcaneal width; internal lateral limit: 1/2 of the width of the first insole perpendicular to the styloid process of the fifth metatarsal; external lateral limit: slightly convex overhang towards the outside. Referring to Figure 10, there is shown a longitudinal section and three cross sectional variants of this outer hemicoupole. The maximum height is substantially in line with the cupoid or the styloid process. The transverse relief may be concave or inclined flat, or convex. The height is between 2 and 25 mm.

Ring heel (E): It is an element that marries and accentuates the footprint of the heel (calcaneus). It follows the anatomical contours of the posterior support of the calcaneus on the ground. It has a relief and a thickness that prefigure the support of the heel to the ground. The relief given by this element is essentially concave. The limits are: - antero-internal limit 61: it is located next to the scapho-cunean joint; antero-external limit 62: it corresponds to the outer edge of the first sole opposite the external Lisfranc articulation; internal limit 63: in its internal part, the limit is more or less convex. In its anterior part, the width of this portion is equal to the internal 1/3 of the width of the first sole, and then concave in the posterior part. The width of the concave portion is equal to the inner 1/5 of the width of the first flange in its outer portion. In front, it convexes inwards, its width is equal to the outer quarter of the first sole, then concave in its posterior portion, and the width corresponds to the outer 1/5; - Lateral limits 64, 65: these are limits that correspond to the adaptation edge with the shoe. These limits are convex, the maximum overhang of about 3 to 5 mm being at the 1/2 of the length of the element.

Referring to Figure 6, we see the reliefs in the longitudinal direction, either of substantially constant height, or slightly inclined forwards, in the diagram on the left. The reliefs in cross-section 1-1, 2-2 or 3-3 may be in particular slightly convex or flat inclined in the front part corresponding to section 1-1, or flat inclined or slightly concave for sections 2-2 and 3-3. The height can vary from 2 mm to 25 mm. The orthoses of a sandal according to the invention can be made in different ways. In general, it is preferred that the plantar orthosis overhang an empty volume or containing a light or porous material, the orthosis itself ensuring the resistance to deformation due to weight and effort. For example, an orthosis of the sandal according to Figure 1 can be manufactured in one piece by deformation, in a press provided with suitable complementary matrices, to provide a rigid orthosis although provided with a certain elasticity. As has been said, in another embodiment, the orthosis can be manufactured by separate production of its various components, which are then assembled and fixed on the flat base, for example by gluing. As a variant, as can be seen in FIG. 4, the various constituents can be obtained by partial stackings of constituents which extend one below the other. As we understand, the sandal that has just been described, and incorporates an orthosis, can relieve 80% and up to 95% of pathologies encountered. This orthosis acts during the three phases of the step, namely during the taligrade phase, during the plantigrade phase and finally during the digitigrade phase.

The heel ring is intended to surround the calcaneal support zone. This ring acts during the taligrade and plantigrade phases. It is intended to contain the fat masses and to bring them back to the point of support of the calcaneus, thus creating a cushion able to relieve pain by reducing bone support. This heel ring also helps maintain the Valgus Calcanéum to avoid excessive valgization of the hindfoot, that is to say a tilting of the foot inwards.

Towards the front, the internal hemicoupole and the external hemicoupole follow, respectively, the external arch, or outer arch, and the internal arch, or internal arch of the foot. However, while during the taligrade phase the foot rests in external talon support, during the passage of the taligrade phase to the digitigrade phase, it creates a load transfer back and forth, but also from the outside to the outside. inside. During the plantigrade phase, the support remains essentially external. The inner and outer hemicoupoles are intended to distribute the supports internally and externally while creating a larger volume at the inner area to contain the valgization of the foot. At the level of the external area, the external hemicoupole creates a concave volume which is essentially intended to maintain and bring the fat masses of the foot inwards. Forward, the retro-capital bar (BRC) or, alternatively, retro-capital support (ARC) acts on the diaphyses of the second and third metatarsals in order to horizontalize them. Thus, creating a support zone for the diaphyses of the second and third metatarsals relieves the second and third metatarsal heads.

The retro-capital bar or retro-capital support also relieves the first, fourth and fifth metatarsal heads by reducing the efforts applied to them. While the retro-capital bar acts on all the diaphyses of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones, the retro-capital support acts in a selective way being essentially located at the level of the diaphyses of the second and third metatarsals. . Finally, in front of the retro-capital bar or the retro-capital support, support zones delimit volumes provided specifically at the heads of the first, fourth and fifth metatarsals. These volumes are intended to distribute the efforts during the digitigrade phase by distributing the supports on all the metatarsal heads and thus relieving the second and third metatarsal heads. These support zones for the first, fourth and fifth metatarsal heads act as early as the plantigrade phase, in conjunction with the retro-capital bar or with retro-capital support. Indeed, during this phase, the metatarsal bones being slightly inclined downwards and forwards, secondary supports appear at these metatarsal heads, particularly at the second and third metatarsal heads. During this plantigrade phase, they are relieved, on the one hand, by means of the retro-capital bar or the retro-capital support, which raises them by support on the diaphysis of the metatarsal bones and on the other hand , by the bearing zones for the first, fourth and fifth metatarsal heads which further relieve the second and third painful metatarsal heads. Finally, note that the sandal that has just been described may in one embodiment be performed by an injection of a plastic material, or by co-injection. In this case, we can advantageously provide areas of different density depending on the bearing areas of the orthosis, on which the foot rests.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS1. Sandal comprising a sole (2) on which is fixed a set of flanges (3) for maintaining the foot on the sole, characterized in that the face of the sole from which the flanges extend integrates a plantar orthosis (10). 2. Sandal according to claim 1, characterized in that the orthosis comprises, on a substantially flat area, a retro-capital bar area (13), so-called subcapital zones in relief, namely a zone (11). sub-capital for the first metatarsal and a sub-capital zone (12) for the fourth and fifth metatarsals, said sub-capitals being separated from each other and arranged at the front of the retractable bar zone; capital (13), the retro-capital bar zone (13) lying just behind the metatarsal heads and having a median bulge just behind the second and third metatarsal heads and longitudinally a maximum boom height just behind the metatarsal heads which is regularly transformed into an inclined plane. 3. Sandal according to claim 2, comprising towards the rear of the retro-capital bar zone (13), an internal hemicoupole zone (14) and an external hemicoupole zone (15), the orthosis ending by a heel ring (16). 4. Sandal according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that: - the sub-capitals (11) and (12) have a height of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm and are flat or slightly inclined towards the front; in that - the inner hemicoupole zone (14) is generally convex in a longitudinal plane and follows the internal foot arch of the foot, and is convex or concave or arched in a transverse plane, this zone of internal hemicyloid (14) being generally concave in the direction of its length and its cross-section being regularly concave, convex or arch-ear, the greatest height being between 2 and 25 mm, said zone extending longitudinally from the rear 1/3 of calcaneus posterior to the neck of the first metatarsal and transversely to 2/3 of the width of the foot; in that - the outer hemicoupole zone (15) is convex in the longitudinal plane extending from about one third posterior of the metatarsal calcaneus, supporting the outer arch and extending transversely to about half the width of the foot, the cross section being concave, inclined flat or convex; and in that - the heel ring zone (16) has a semiannular concave shape, the longitudinal sections of the two branches being of constant height or slightly inclined towards the front, the sectional sections being slightly convex, flat inclined or concave . 5. Sandal according to claim 4, characterized in that the maximum boom height of said retro-capital bar zone (13) is between 2 to 10 mm. 6. Sandal according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sole comprises a first in which is formed the orthosis and an outsole fixed to one another, the flanges being fixed by the less one of their ends between the first and the outsole. 7. Sandal according to claim 6, characterized in that the first is coated with a layer of softer material than the first. 8. Sandal according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that a resin layer is interposed between the first and the outsole.