FR2955970A1 - Use of a gaseous medium comprising at least one fluoroketone as electric insulation gas and/or electric arc extinction in electrical device of medium or high voltage substation - Google Patents
Use of a gaseous medium comprising at least one fluoroketone as electric insulation gas and/or electric arc extinction in electrical device of medium or high voltage substation Download PDFInfo
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- FR2955970A1 FR2955970A1 FR1050711A FR1050711A FR2955970A1 FR 2955970 A1 FR2955970 A1 FR 2955970A1 FR 1050711 A FR1050711 A FR 1050711A FR 1050711 A FR1050711 A FR 1050711A FR 2955970 A1 FR2955970 A1 FR 2955970A1
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- FR
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- Prior art keywords
- gaseous medium
- fluoroketones
- fluoroketone
- gas
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroketone group Chemical group FC(=O)F IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QJPLLYVRTUXAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,4-octafluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QJPLLYVRTUXAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical group FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)I VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- VBZWSGALLODQNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroacetone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)F VBZWSGALLODQNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001260 reprotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
- H02B13/055—Features relating to the gas
Abstract
Description
UTILISATION DE FLUOROCETONES A L'ETAT GAZEUX POUR L'ISOLATION ELECTRIQUE ET/OU L'EXTINCTION D'ARC ELECTRIQUE DESCRIPTION DOMAINE TECHNIQUE La présente invention se rapporte à l'utilisation de milieux gazeux qui comprennent une ou plusieurs fluorocétones, en tant que gaz d'isolation électrique et/ou d'extinction d'arc électrique dans des TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the use of gaseous media which comprise one or more fluoroketones, as a gaseous gas, and a gaseous fl uorocetone. electrical insulation and / or extinction of electric arc in
appareils électriques de sous-station et, plus précisément, dans des appareils de sous-station de moyenne ou haute tension. substation electrical apparatus and, more specifically, in medium or high voltage substation apparatus.
Elle se rapporte également à des appareils électriques de sous-station de moyenne ou haute tension dans lesquels l'isolation électrique et/ou l'extinction d'arc électrique est (sont) assurée(s) par des milieux gazeux comprenant une ou plusieurs fluorocétones. It also relates to electrical substation apparatus of medium or high voltage in which the electrical insulation and / or the extinction of electric arc is (are) ensured by gaseous media comprising one or more fluoroketones .
Ces appareils électriques de sous-station peuvent notamment être des transformateurs électriques à isolation gazeuse tels que des transformateurs d'alimentation ou de mesure, des lignes à isolation gazeuse (ou LIG) pour le transport ou la distribution de l'électricité, des jeux de barres ou encore des appareils électriques de connexion/déconnexion (aussi These electrical substation apparatus may in particular be gas-insulated electrical transformers such as power or measurement transformers, gas-insulated (or LIG) lines for the transmission or distribution of electricity, power packs, bars or electrical devices for connection / disconnection (also
appelés appareils de coupure) tels que des called cut-off devices) such as
disjoncteurs, des interrupteurs, des combinés circuit breakers, switches, handsets
interrupteurs-fusibles, des sectionneurs, des sectionneurs de mise à la terre ou des contacteurs. ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE Dans les appareils électriques de sous-station de moyenne ou haute tension, l'isolation électrique et, le cas échéant, l'extinction d'arc électrique sont typiquement assurées par un gaz qui est confiné à l'intérieur de ces appareils. fuse switches, disconnectors, earthing switches or contactors. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART In medium and high voltage substation electrical apparatus, electrical insulation and, where appropriate, arcing extinction are typically provided by a gas which is confined inside the electrical substation. these devices.
Actuellement, le gaz le plus souvent utilisé dans ce type d'appareil est l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6). Ce gaz présente, en effet, une rigidité diélectrique relativement haute, une bonne conductivité thermique et des pertes diélectriques peu élevées. Il est chimiquement inerte et non toxique pour l'homme et les animaux et, après avoir été dissocié par un arc électrique, il se recombine rapidement et presque totalement. De plus, il est ininflammable et son prix est, encore aujourd'hui, modéré. Currently, the gas most often used in this type of device is sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). This gas has, indeed, a relatively high dielectric strength, good thermal conductivity and low dielectric losses. It is chemically inert and non-toxic to humans and animals and, after being dissociated by an electric arc, it recombines quickly and almost completely. In addition, it is nonflammable and its price is still moderate today.
Toutefois, le SF6 a pour inconvénient majeur de présenter un potentiel de réchauffement global (PRG) de 23 900 (relativement au CO2 sur 100 ans) et une durée de séjour dans l'atmosphère de 3 200 ans, ce qui le place parmi les gaz à fort pouvoir d'effet de serre. However, SF6 has the major disadvantage of having a global warming potential (GWP) of 23,900 (relative to CO2 over 100 years) and a residence time in the atmosphere of 3,200 years, which places it among the gases with strong greenhouse effect.
Le SF6 a donc été inscrit par le Protocole de Kyoto (1997) sur la liste des gaz dont les émissions doivent être limitées. SF6 was therefore included in the Kyoto Protocol (1997) on the list of gases whose emissions must be limited.
Le meilleur moyen de limiter les émissions du SF6 consiste à limiter l'utilisation de ce gaz, ce qui a conduit les industriels à chercher des alternatives au SF6. The best way to limit SF6 emissions is to limit the use of this gas, which has led industry to look for alternatives to SF6.
Les gaz dits simples comme l'air ou 30 l'azote, qui n'ont pas d'impact négatif sur l'environnement, présentent une rigidité diélectrique beaucoup plus faible que celle du SF6. Ainsi, par exemple, les rigidités diélectriques en tension alternative (50 Hz) de l'air et de l'azote sont sensiblement trois fois plus faibles que celle du SF6. The so-called simple gases such as air or nitrogen, which do not have a negative impact on the environment, have a much lower dielectric strength than SF6. Thus, for example, the dielectric strengths in AC voltage (50 Hz) of air and nitrogen are substantially three times lower than that of SF6.
De ce fait, l'utilisation de ces gaz simples pour l'isolation électrique et/ou l'extinction d'arc électrique dans des appareils électriques de sous-station implique d'augmenter de façon drastique le volume et/ou la pression de remplissage de ces appareils, ce qui va à l'encontre des efforts qui ont été réalisés au cours de ces dernières décennies pour Therefore, the use of these simple gases for the electrical insulation and / or extinction of electric arc in substation electrical apparatus involves drastically increasing the volume and / or the filling pressure. of these devices, which goes against the efforts that have been made in recent decades to
développer des appareils électriques compacts, a encombrement de plus en plus réduit. to develop compact electrical appliances, with reduced dimensions.
Des mélanges de SF6 et d'azote sont utilisés pour limiter l'impact du SF6 sur l'environnement. En effet, l'ajout de SF6 à hauteur de 10 à 20% volumiques Mixtures of SF6 and nitrogen are used to limit the impact of SF6 on the environment. Indeed, the addition of SF6 at the level of 10 to 20% by volume
permet d'améliorer significativement la rigidité diélectrique de l'azote. significantly improves the dielectric strength of nitrogen.
Néanmoins, du fait du fort PRG du 8E6, le PRG de ces mélanges reste très élevé. Ainsi, par exemple, un mélange de SF6 et d'azote dans un rapport volumique de 10/90 présente une rigidité diélectrique en tension alternative (50 Hz) égale à 59% de celle du SF6 mais son PRG est de 8 650. Nevertheless, because of the high PRG of 8E6, the PRG of these mixtures remains very high. Thus, for example, a mixture of SF6 and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 10/90 has a dielectric strength in alternating voltage (50 Hz) equal to 59% of that of SF6 but its GWP is 8,650.
De tels mélanges ne sauraient donc être utilisés comme gaz à faible impact environnemental. Such mixtures can not therefore be used as a low environmental impact gas.
Il en est de même des perfluorocarbones qui présentent, d'une manière générale, des propriétés de tenue diélectrique intéressantes mais dont les PRG s'inscrivent typiquement dans une gamme allant de 5 000 à 10 000 (6 500 pour CF4r 7 000 pour C3F8 et C4F10r 8 700 pour c-C4F8, 9 200 pour C2F6). The same is true of perfluorocarbons which, in general, exhibit interesting dielectric strength properties but whose PRG typically fall within a range of from 5,000 to 10,000 (6,500 for CF 4 7,000 for C 3 F 8 and C4F10r 8,700 for c-C4F8, 9,200 for C2F6).
Récemment, il a été proposé de remplacer le SF6 par le trifluoroiodométhane (CF3I) (Nakauchi et al., XVI International Conference on Gas Discharge and their Applications, Chine, 11-15 septembre 2006, [1]). En effet, le CF3I présente une rigidité diélectrique supérieure à celle du SF6 et ce, aussi bien en champ homogène qu'en champ hétérogène, pour un PRG inférieur à 5 et une durée de séjour dans l'atmosphère de 0,005 année. Recently, it has been proposed to replace SF6 with trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) (Nakauchi et al., XVI International Conference on Gas Discharge and their Applications, China, 11-15 September 2006, [1]). Indeed, the CF3I has a dielectric strength greater than that of SF6 and this, both in homogeneous field in heterogeneous field, for a PRG less than 5 and a residence time in the atmosphere of 0.005 year.
Malheureusement, outre que le CF3I est cher, il possède une valeur moyenne d'exposition (VME) de l'ordre de 3 à 4 ppm et est classé parmi les substances cancérigènes, mutagènes et reprotoxiques (CMR) de Unfortunately, besides the fact that CF3I is expensive, it has an average value of exposure (VME) of the order of 3 to 4 ppm and is classified among the carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances (CMR) of
catégorie 3, ce qui est rédhibitoire pour une utilisation à une échelle industrielle. category 3, which is prohibitive for use on an industrial scale.
Il a également été proposé d'utiliser des systèmes hybrides d'isolation associant une isolation gazeuse, par exemple par de l'air sec, de l'azote ou du CO2r à une isolation solide. Comme décrit dans la It has also been proposed to use hybrid insulation systems combining gaseous insulation, for example by dry air, nitrogen or CO2r with solid insulation. As described in
demande de brevet européen publiée sous le n° 1 724 802, [2], cette isolation solide consiste, par exemple, à recouvrir les pièces sous tension qui présentent un fort gradient électrique par une résine du type résine époxyde ou analogue, ce qui permet de réduire le champ auquel sont soumises les pièces sous tension. European patent application published under No. 1,724,802, [2], this solid insulation consists, for example, in covering the live parts which present a strong electrical gradient with a resin of the epoxy resin type or the like, which allows to reduce the field to which live parts are subjected.
Cependant, l'isolation ainsi obtenue n'est 30 pas équivalente à celle fournie par le SF6 et l'utilisation de ces systèmes hybrides nécessite d'augmenter le volume des appareils électriques par rapport à celui qu'autorise une isolation au SF6. However, the insulation thus obtained is not equivalent to that provided by the SF6 and the use of these hybrid systems necessitates increasing the volume of the electric apparatus compared to that allowed by SF6 insulation.
Concernant la coupure d'un arc électrique sans SF6, différentes solutions existent : coupure dans l'huile, coupure dans l'air ambiant, coupure avec ampoule à vide. Toutefois, les appareils avec coupure Concerning the cutting of an electric arc without SF6, various solutions exist: cut in the oil, cut in the ambient air, cut with vacuum bulb. However, devices with cutoff
dans l'huile présentent l'inconvénient majeur d'exploser en cas de non coupure ou de défaut interne. Les appareils à coupure dans l'air ambiant sont généralement de grandes dimensions, coûteux et in the oil have the major disadvantage of exploding in case of no cut or internal defect. Cut-off devices in ambient air are generally large, expensive and
sensibles à l'environnement (humidité, pollution), tandis que les appareils, notamment les interrupteurs sectionneurs, avec ampoule à vide sont très onéreux et très peu présents sur le marché. sensitive to the environment (humidity, pollution), while the devices, especially the switch disconnectors, with vacuum bulb are very expensive and very few on the market.
Compte tenu de ce qui précède, les Inventeurs se sont donc fixé pour but général de trouver une alternative au SF6. In view of the foregoing, the Inventors have therefore set a general goal of finding an alternative to SF6.
Plus spécifiquement, les Inventeurs se sont fixé pour but de trouver un gaz ou un mélange de gaz qui, tout en présentant des propriétés d'isolation électrique et d'extinction d'arc électrique comparables à celles du SF6, ait un impact sur l'environnement faible ou nul. More specifically, the inventors have set themselves the goal of finding a gas or a mixture of gases which, while having electric insulation and electric arc extinction properties comparable to those of SF6, has an impact on the weak or no environment.
Ils se sont aussi fixé pour but que ce gaz ou ce mélange de gaz ne soit pas toxique pour l'homme et les animaux. They also set a goal that this gas or gas mixture is not toxic to humans and animals.
Ils se sont encore fixé pour but que ce gaz ou ce mélange de gaz ait un coût de fabrication ou d'achat compatible avec une utilisation à une échelle industrielle. They have also set themselves the goal that this gas or gas mixture has a cost of manufacture or purchase compatible with use on an industrial scale.
EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTION Ces buts et d'autres encore sont atteints par l'invention qui propose, en premier lieu, d'utiliser un milieu gazeux comprenant au moins une fluorocétone en tant que gaz d'isolation électrique et/ou d'extinction d'arc électrique dans un appareil électrique de sous-station de moyenne ou haute tension. En effet, les fluorocétones, qui ne sont pas toxiques, qui se dégradent très rapidement dans l'atmosphère en raison de la sensibilité aux ultraviolets que présente la double liaison du groupe cétone -C=0 qu'elles contiennent et qui ont, de ce fait, un PRG proche de 1, sont dotées de propriétés diélectriques très intéressantes et sont donc susceptibles de remplacer très avantageusement le SF6 en tant que gaz d'isolation électrique et/ou d'extinction d'arc électrique dans des appareils électriques de sous-station de moyenne ou haute tension. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION These and other objects are achieved by the invention which proposes, first of all, to use a gaseous medium comprising at least one fluoroketone as an electrical insulation and / or extinguishing gas. electric arc in an electrical substation apparatus of medium or high voltage. Indeed, the fluoroketones, which are not toxic, which degrade very quickly in the atmosphere due to the sensitivity to ultraviolet that the double bond of the ketone group -C = 0 they contain and which have, of this In fact, a PRG close to 1 has very interesting dielectric properties and can thus very advantageously replace SF6 as an electrical insulating gas and / or an electric arc extinguishing gas in electrical sub-appliances. medium or high voltage station.
Dans ce qui précède et ce qui suit, les termes « moyenne tension » et « haute tension » sont utilisés dans leur acceptation habituelle, à savoir que le terme « moyenne tension » désigne une tension qui est supérieure à 1 000 volts en courant alternatif et à 1 500 volts en courant continu mais qui ne dépasse pas 52 000 volts en courant alternatif et 75 000 volts en courant continu, tandis que le terme « haute tension » désigne une tension qui est strictement supérieure à 52 000 volts en courant alternatif et à 75 000 volts en courant continu. 6 Conformément à l'invention, la fluorocétone présente dans le milieu gazeux est, de préférence, choisie parmi les fluorocétones répondant à la formule brute CnF2nO dans laquelle n est un nombre entier allant de 3 à 6. In what precedes and what follows, the terms "medium voltage" and "high voltage" are used in their usual acceptance, namely that the term "medium voltage" designates a voltage that is greater than 1000 volts AC and at 1,500 volts DC but not exceeding 52,000 volts AC and 75,000 volts DC, while the term "high voltage" refers to a voltage that is strictly greater than 52,000 volts AC and less than 75,000 volts in direct current. According to the invention, the fluoroketone present in the gaseous medium is preferably chosen from fluoroketones corresponding to the empirical formula CnF2nO in which n is an integer ranging from 3 to 6.
En pratique, ces fluorocétones sont : û la fluorocétone de formule brute C3F6O et de formule semi-développée CF3-CO-CF3, qui est connue sous le nom d'hexafluoropropan-2-one et qui sera appelée plus simplement C3K dans ce qui suit ; û la fluorocétone de formule brute C4F8O et de formule semi-développée CF3-CO-CF2-CF3, qui est connue sous le nom d'octafluorobutan-2-one et qui sera appelée plus simplement C4K dans ce qui suit ; û la fluorocétone de formule brute C5F10O et de formule semi-développée CF3-CO-CF- (CF3) 2, qui est connue sous le nom de décafluoro-2-méthylbutan-3-one et qui sera appelée plus simplement C5K dans ce qui suit, et û la fluorocétone de formule brute C6F12O et de formule semi-développée CF3-CF2-CO-CF-(CF3)2, qui est connue sous le nom de dodécafluoro-2-méthylpentan-3-one et qui sera appelée plus simplement C6K dans ce qui suit. In practice, these fluoroketones are: the fluoroketone of formula C3F6O and of semi-developed formula CF3-CO-CF3, which is known under the name of hexafluoropropan-2-one and which will be called more simply C3K in what follows ; fluoroketone of formula C4F8O and of semi-developed formula CF3-CO-CF2-CF3, which is known under the name of octafluorobutan-2-one and which will be called more simply C4K in what follows; fluoroketone of the empirical formula C5F10O and of the semi-developed formula CF3-CO-CF- (CF3) 2, which is known under the name of decafluoro-2-methylbutan-3-one and which will be more simply referred to as C5K in which and fluoroketone of the empirical formula C6F12O and of the semi-developed formula CF3-CF2-CO-CF- (CF3) 2, which is known as dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one and which will be called more simply C6K in what follows.
Conformément à l'invention, la fluorocétone peut être utilisée seule ou, éventuellement, en mélange avec au moins une autre fluorocétone si la température d'ébullition de cette (ces) fluorocétones permet de garantir son (leur) maintien à l'état gazeux dans les conditions de température et de pression auxquelles est destiné à être soumis le milieu gazeux, une fois confiné dans l'appareil électrique de sous-station. According to the invention, the fluoroketone may be used alone or, optionally, in admixture with at least one other fluoroketone if the boiling point of this (these) fluoroketone makes it possible to guarantee its (their) maintenance in the gaseous state in the temperature and pressure conditions to which the gaseous medium is intended to be subjected, once confined in the substation electrical apparatus.
Auquel cas, l'autre fluorocétone sera, elle aussi, de préférence choisie parmi les fluorocétones répondant à la formule brute CnF2nO telle que précédemment définie. In which case, the other fluoroketone will also be preferably chosen from fluoroketones corresponding to the empirical formula CnF2nO as defined above.
Ainsi, par exemple, il est tout à fait possible d'utiliser un milieu gazeux qui est constitué uniquement de C3K ou de C4K (dont les températures d'ébullition sont respectivement de -28°C et de 0°C à la pression standard (0,1 MPa) ou d'un mélange de C3K et de C4K, dans un appareil électrique de sous-station qui est prévu pour être placé spécifiquement dans des conditions telles que la température susceptible de régner à l'intérieur de cet appareil ne descende jamais au-dessous de -40°C. Thus, for example, it is quite possible to use a gaseous medium which consists solely of C3K or C4K (whose boiling temperatures are respectively -28 ° C. and 0 ° C. at standard pressure ( 0.1 MPa) or a mixture of C3K and C4K, in an electrical substation apparatus which is intended to be specifically placed under conditions such that the temperature likely to prevail inside this apparatus does not fall never below -40 ° C.
Toutefois, la ou les fluorocétones seront le plus souvent utilisées en mélange avec au moins un autre gaz qui n'appartient pas à la famille des fluorocétones. However, the fluoroketone or fluoroketones will most often be used in admixture with at least one other gas that does not belong to the family of fluoroketones.
Auquel cas, cet autre gaz est, de préférence, choisi parmi les gaz qui présentent, d'une part, une température d'ébullition très basse, c'est-à-dire typiquement égale ou inférieure à -50°C à la pression standard, et, d'autre part, une rigidité diélectrique qui est au moins égale à celle que présente le dioxyde de carbone dans des conditions d'essai strictement identiques (même appareillage, même In which case, this other gas is preferably chosen from gases which have, on the one hand, a very low boiling temperature, that is to say typically equal to or less than -50 ° C. to the pressure standard, and, on the other hand, a dielectric strength that is at least equal to that exhibited by carbon dioxide under strictly identical test conditions (same apparatus, even
configuration géométrique, mêmes paramètres opératoires, ) à celles utilisées pour mesurer la rigidité diélectrique dudit gaz. geometric configuration, same operating parameters) to those used to measure the dielectric strength of said gas.
De plus, on préfère que cet autre gaz ne soit pas toxique, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne soit pas classé parmi les substances considérées comme cancérigènes, mutagènes et/ou toxiques pour la reproduction par le Règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008 du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 16 décembre 2008, et qu'il présente, par ailleurs, un PRG faible, c'est-à-dire typiquement égal ou inférieur à 500 et, mieux encore, égal ou inférieur à 10. Des gaz qui présentent l'ensemble de ces propriétés sont, par exemple, l'air (PRG de 0), l'azote (PRG de 0), l'hélium (PRG de 0), le dioxyde de carbone (PRG de 1), l'oxygène (PRG de 0) et le protoxyde d'azote (PRG de 310). Ainsi, des milieux gazeux susceptibles d'être utilisés selon l'invention peuvent notamment consister en des mélanges composés d'une ou plusieurs des fluorocétones précédemment mentionnées et d'un ou plusieurs gaz choisis parmi l'air, l'azote, l'oxygène, 20 l'hélium, le dioxyde de carbone et le protoxyde d'azote comme, par exemple, des mélanges C4K/air, C4K/N2, C4K/02, C4K/He, C4K/CO2, C4K/N2O, C5K/air, C5K/N2, C5K/02, C5K/He, C5K/CO2, C5K/N2O, C6K/air, C6K/N2, C6K/02, C6K/He, C6K/CO2, C6K/N2O, C4K/N2/O2, C4K/He/02, 25 C4K/CO2/O2r C4K/N2O/O2, C5K/N2/O2, C5K/He/02, C5K/CO2/O2, C5K/N2O/O2r C6K/N2/O2, C6K/He/02, C6K/CO2/O2, C6K/N2O/O2, C4K/C5K/air, C4K/C5K/N2, C4K/C5K/02, C4K/C5K/He, C4K/C5K/CO2r C4K/C5K/N2O, C4K/C6K/air, C4K/C6K/N2, C4K/C6K/02, C4K/C6K/He, C4K/C6K/CO2, C4K/C6K/N2O, 30 C5K/C6K/air, C5K/C6K/N2, C5K/C6K/He, C5K/C6K/CO2, C5K/C6K/N2O, C4K/C5K/C6K/air, C4K/C5K/C6K/N2, 15 C4K/C5K/C6K/02, C4K/C5K/C6K/He, C4K/C5K/C6K/CO2, C4K/C5K/C6K/N2O, C4K/air/N2, C4K/air/He, C4K/air/CO2, In addition, it is preferred that this other gas is not toxic, that is to say that it is not classified among the substances considered as carcinogenic, mutagenic and / or toxic for reproduction by Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008, and that it also has a low GWP, that is to say, typically equal to or less than 500 and, more preferably, equal to or less than 10. Gases that exhibit all of these properties are, for example, air (GWP of 0), nitrogen (GWP of 0), helium (GWP of 0), carbon dioxide (GWP) of 1), oxygen (GWP of 0) and nitrous oxide (GWP of 310). Thus, gaseous media that may be used according to the invention may especially consist of mixtures composed of one or more of the above-mentioned fluoroketones and of one or more gases chosen from air, nitrogen and oxygen. , Helium, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide such as, for example, C4K / air, C4K / N2, C4K / 02, C4K / He, C4K / CO2, C4K / N2O, C5K / air mixtures. , C5K / N2, C5K / 02, C5K / He, C5K / CO2, C5K / N2O, C6K / air, C6K / N2, C6K / 02, C6K / He, C6K / CO2, C6K / N2O, C4K / N2 / O2 , C4K / He / 02, C4K / CO2 / O2r C4K / N2O / O2, C5K / N2 / O2, C5K / He / 02, C5K / CO2 / O2, C5K / N2O / O2r C6K / N2 / O2, C6K / He / 02, C6K / CO2 / O2, C6K / N2O / O2, C4K / C5K / air, C4K / C5K / N2, C4K / C5K / 02, C4K / C5K / He, C4K / C5K / CO2r C4K / C5K / N2O , C4K / C6K / air, C4K / C6K / N2, C4K / C6K / 02, C4K / C6K / He, C4K / C6K / CO2, C4K / C6K / N2O, C5K / C6K / air, C5K / C6K / N2, C5K / C6K / He, C5K / C6K / CO2, C5K / C6K / N2O, C4K / C5K / C6K / air, C4K / C5K / C6K / N2, C4K / C5K / C6K / 02, C4K / C5K / C6K / He , C4K / C5K / C6K / CO2, C4K / C5K / C6K / N2O, C4K / air / N2, C4K / air / He, C4K / air / CO2
C4K/air/N2O, C5K/air/N2, C5K/air/He, C5K/air/CO2, C4K / air / N2O, C5K / air / N2, C5K / air / He, C5K / air / CO2,
C5K/air/N2O, C6K/air/N2, C6K/air/He, C6K/air/CO2, C6K/air/N2O, C4K/C5K/N2/O2r C4K/C5K/He/02, C5K / air / N2O, C6K / air / N2, C6K / air / He, C6K / air / CO2, C6K / air / N2O, C4K / C5K / N2 / O2r C4K / C5K / He / 02,
C4K/C5K/CO2/O2r C4K/C5K/N2O/O2, C4K/C5K/air/N2, C4K / C5K / CO2 / O2r C4K / C5K / N2O / O2, C4K / C5K / air / N2,
C4K/C5K/air/He, C4K/C5K/air/CO2r C4K/C5K/air/N2O, C4K / C5K / air / He, C4K / C5K / air / CO2r C4K / C5K / air / N2O,
C4K/C6K/N2/O2r C4K/C6K/He/02, C4K/C6K/CO2/O2, C4K/C6K/N2O/O2r C4K/C6K/air/N2, C4K/C6K/air/He, C4K/C6K/ air/CO2r C4K/C6K/air/N2O, C5K/C6K/N2/O2, C5K/C6K/He/02, C4K / C6K / N2 / O2r C4K / C6K / He / 02, C4K / C6K / CO2 / O2, C4K / C6K / N2O / O2r C4K / C6K / air / N2, C4K / C6K / air / He, C4K / C6K / air / CO2r C4K / C6K / air / N2O, C5K / C6K / N2 / O2, C5K / C6K / He / 02,
C5K/C6K/CO2/O2r C5K/C6K/N2O/O2, C5K/C6K/air/N2, C5K/C6K/air/He, C5K/C6K/air/CO2r C5K/C6K/air/N2O, etc, étant entendu que toutes les combinaisons entre C5K / C6K / CO2 / O2r C5K / C6K / N2O / O2, C5K / C6K / air / N2, C5K / C6K / air / He, C5K / C6K / air / CO2r C5K / C6K / air / N2O, etc., as understood that all the combinations between
lesdites fluorocétones et lesdits gaz sont envisageables. said fluoroketones and said gases are conceivable.
Le PRG global de ces mélanges est en rapport des pressions partielles de chacun de leurs composants ou en rapport du pourcentage volumique de chacun de ces composants. The overall GWP of these mixtures is in relation to the partial pressures of each of their components or in relation to the percentage by volume of each of these components.
Parmi ces milieux gazeux, on préfère tout particulièrement ceux qui consistent en des mélanges de C4K, de C5K et/ou de C6K et d'un ou plusieurs gaz choisis parmi l'azote, l'air et le dioxyde de carbone. Of these gaseous media, those consisting of mixtures of C4K, C5K and / or C6K and one or more gases selected from nitrogen, air and carbon dioxide are particularly preferred.
Quoi qu'il en soit, dans ces milieux gazeux, la fluorocétone ou les fluorocétones sont, de préférence, présentes dans des proportions telles que : ù d'une part, cette fluorocétone ou la totalité de ces fluorocétones représente au moins 1% en volume du volume total du milieu gazeux ; et ù d'autre part, la pression partielle de cette fluorocétone ou de ces fluorocétones est inférieure à sa (leur) pression de vapeur saturante dans la gamme de températures susceptibles de régner à l'intérieur de l'appareil électrique de sous-station. Nevertheless, in these gaseous media, the fluoroketone or the fluoroketones are preferably present in proportions such that: firstly, this fluoroketone or all of these fluoroketones represents at least 1% by volume the total volume of the gaseous medium; and on the other hand, the partial pressure of this fluoroketone or these fluoroketones is less than its (their) saturation vapor pressure in the range of temperatures likely to reign inside the electrical substation apparatus.
Typiquement, ces proportions seront de l'ordre de 1 à 50% volumiques, le plus souvent de l'ordre de 1 à 25% volumiques et, mieux encore, de l'ordre de 1 à 10% volumiques selon la ou les fluorocétones utilisées. Typically, these proportions will be of the order of 1 to 50% by volume, most often of the order of 1 to 25% by volume and, more preferably, of the order of 1 to 10% by volume, depending on the fluoroketone used. .
L'invention a également pour objet un appareil électrique de sous-station de moyenne ou haute tension, qui comprend une enveloppe fermée dans laquelle se trouvent des composants électriques ainsi qu'un milieu gazeux assurant l'isolation électrique et/ou l'extinction d'arc électrique au sein de cette enveloppe, et qui caractérisé en ce que ce milieu gazeux comprend au moins une fluorocétone. The invention also relates to a medium or high voltage substation electrical apparatus, which comprises a closed envelope in which there are electrical components and a gaseous medium ensuring the electrical insulation and / or extinction of electric arc within this envelope, and characterized in that the gaseous medium comprises at least one fluoroketone.
Les caractéristiques de ce milieu gazeux sont telles que précédemment décrites à propos de son utilisation. The characteristics of this gaseous medium are as previously described with reference to its use.
Conformément à l'invention, cet appareil According to the invention, this apparatus
électrique peut être, en premier lieu, un transformateur électrique à isolation gazeuse comme, par exemple, un transformateur d'alimentation ou un transformateur de mesure. In the first place, an electrical transformer may be a gas-insulated electrical transformer such as, for example, a power transformer or a measuring transformer.
L'appareil électrique peut également être une ligne à isolation gazeuse, aérienne ou sousterraine, ou un jeu de barres pour le transport ou la distribution de l'électricité. The electrical apparatus may also be a gas-insulated line, aerial or underground, or a busbar for the transport or distribution of electricity.
Enfin, il peut aussi être un appareil électrique de connexion/déconnexion (aussi appelé Finally, it can also be an electrical device for connection / disconnection (also called
appareil de coupure) comme, par exemple, un disjoncteur, un interrupteur, un sectionneur, un combiné interrupteur-fusibles, un sectionneur de mise à la terre ou un contacteur. REFERENCES CITEES [1] S. Nakauchi, D. Tosu, S. Matsuoka, A. Kumada et K. Hidaka, « Breakdown characteristics measurement of non-uniform field gap in SF6-N2, CF3I-N2 and CF3I-CO2 gas switchgear) such as, for example, a circuit breaker, a switch, a disconnector, a fuse-switch combination, an earthing switch or a contactor. REFERENCES CITED [1] S. Nakauchi, D. Tosu, S. Matsuoka, A. Kumada and K. Hidaka, "Breakdown characteristics measurement of non-uniform field gap in SF6-N2, CF3I-N2 and CF3I-CO2 gas
mixtures by using square pulse voltage", XVI International Conference on Gas Discharge and their Applications, Chine, 11-15 septembre 2006 Mixed by using square pulse voltage ", XVI International Conference on Gas Discharge and their Applications, China, 11-15 September 2006
[2] EP-A-1 724 802 [2] EP-A-1724802
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| FR1050711A FR2955970B1 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2010-02-02 | USE OF GASEOUS FLUOROCETONES FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND / OR EXTINGUISHING ELECTRICAL ARC |
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