FR2862672A1 - Safety barrier fabricating method for road traffic lane, involves connecting two beam units by mutual articulation around two axes perpendicular to ground, where each axis is placed with respect to frontal surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves connecting two beam units (2) by mutual articulation around two axes (23, 24) perpendicular to ground (8). Each axis is fixed with respect to one of the two beam units and placed with respect to frontal surfaces (4,5) such that the beam units are juxtaposed with each other. The surfaces are mutually spaced of a longitudinal distance negligible in comparison with a length of each beam unit. An independent claim is also included for a safety barrier for road traffic lane.

Description

beams on the ground, under the effect of an impact of a vehicle, contributes

  to the security offered by the barrier by allowing some of the impact energy to be absorbed and, in the absence of a break in

  barrier, to guide the vehicle so that it tends to slide along it and thus remain in its lane.

  In both cases, it is also advantageous to be able to dismantle and then reassemble one or more beam elements without being obliged to move the neighboring beam elements, namely in the first case to provisionally arrange a passage through the barrier, in particular to create a diversion or allow the passage of emergency vehicles, and in the second case to facilitate the modification of the route of the barrier for example according to the evolution of a building site.

  A method for producing a safety barrier offering these possibilities is described in WO82 / 04272 which recommends connecting two adjacent beam elements in a respective lower zone by means of a tube which is engaged from above. at the bottom in semi-cylindrical grooves arranged in their adjacent front faces, perpendicular to their lower faces, and which is fitted by a lower end on fingers placed projecting upwards at the bottom of these grooves, at a level slightly greater than that of the lower faces of these two elements-beams and slightly longitudinal shrinkage relative to the respectively corresponding front face. WO82 / 04272 also recommends interconnecting these two neighboring beam members in a respective lower zone by means of a connecting plate which is then deposited on an upper end of the tube and on the other hand, other of the latter, in cavities arranged at the edge of the grooves in the beam-elements and which are engaged, by appropriate orifices, on studs projecting upwards at the bottom of these cavities, in a position in longitudinal withdrawal relative to the grooves and therefore relative to the projecting fingers at the bottom thereof. The plate is then bolted to the studs, which ensures its retention and, through him, the retention of the tube. The front faces are slightly beveled, which allows to achieve and maintain the connection between two adjacent beam elements not only when they are placed in the rigorous extension of one another but also when they are slightly angularly offset relative to each other to adapt the safety barrier to a curvilinear pattern or allow it to deform without breaking under the impact of a vehicle.

  A barrier made according to this known method thus offers the required possibilities of laying in curvilinear layout as in rectilinear tracing and localized inflection without breaking under the impact of a vehicle.

  In addition, each beam member can be disassembled and reassembled without having to move the adjacent beam elements, because the tubes and the connecting plates can be put in place and removed from the top and that their counterparts on the elements-beams, namely the fingers placed at the bottom of the grooves and the studs placed at the bottom of the cavities, form no projection on the frontal faces and thus constitute no obstacle to the displacement of a beam-element by relative to neighboring beam elements, for example by lifting by means of a suitable gear, once the tubes and connecting plates have been dismounted, and the subsequent replacement of this beam member by descent into position.

  However, a safety barrier made by this known method has a number of disadvantages.

  One of these disadvantages lies in the fact that, due to a necessarily different longitudinal gap necessarily different, with respect to the front faces of the beam elements, the fingers of the bottoms of the grooves and the studs of the bottoms of the cavities, two elements- neighboring beams are mutually articulated in their lower zone around two axes perpendicular to their lower face and practically together, resulting from the cooperation between the fingers of the bottoms of the grooves and the tube in which they are nested, while they are mutually articulated in their upper zone around two axes parallel to the two aforementioned axes but much further apart from each other, defined by the two studs engaged in the connecting plate.

  As a result, it is necessary to provide relatively large gaps between the fingers of the bottoms of the grooves and the tube which connects them, between the studs of the bottoms of the cavities and the orifices arranged to receive them in the connecting plate, as well as between two adjacent front faces when two adjacent beam elements are mutually connected, if one wants to be able to place a barrier not only along a rectilinear path but also along a curvilinear path and if one wishes to allow a localized inflection of this barrier, without risk of damaging all or part of the components thereof, under the effect of an impact of a vehicle. Otherwise, only a virtually rectilinear layout would be possible, and this barrier would be intrinsically rigid against any parallel inflexion on the ground; more specifically, any stress likely to cause a localized inflection of the barrier would create between each tube and the fingers that connects each other, on the one hand, and between each connecting plate and the studs it interconnects, on the other hand, considerable efforts to which these means of mutual connection between two elements-adjacent beams initially oppose resistance against any inflection, the risk of seriously damaging the vehicle and seriously injure its occupants in stopping it abruptly or returning it by ricochet effect, then some, at least, would probably end up yielding by deforming, or breaking, which would release the elements-beams concerned, that is to say would not allow not to maintain the desired continuity of the safety barrier, at the risk of allowing the passage of the vehicle through it.

  In general, there is a certain ease of the fingers arranged at the bottom of the throats and, to a lesser extent, studs at the bottom of the cavities, and one can wonder about the mechanical strength of these fingers and studs under the the effect of considerable efforts that may develop, in particular in terms of traction applied by a beam-member receiving the impact of a vehicle to neighboring beam-elements, and the risks of clearance at the lower ends of tubes, by shear or flexion of the fingers arranged at the bottom of the throats, then at the studs, then only to transmit the forces and consequently very strongly solicited, appear largely dominant.

  Therefore, even if the above-mentioned games are provided for allowing the barrier to be laid in a curvilinear pattern and for its rectilinear or curvilinear pattern to be inflected by the impact of a vehicle, the risks of breaking the barrier in the event of such an impact are particularly important. In addition, if the fingers of the bottoms of the grooves, or the studs of the bottoms of the cavities, are damaged, the beam elements become unusable insofar as it is no longer possible to connect them to adjacent beam elements, unless an operation, difficult to envisage and requiring a long period of non-use, dismantling of the damaged fingers or studs, by disengagement of the constituent material of the beam-elements concerned, then installation and sealing of fingers or replacement studs.

  Another disadvantage of the known method lies in the fact that each connection plate is bolted to the studs corresponding to it, at the risk of loosening the nuts used for this purpose and then of a total release of the cover plate to which they correspond under the effect of vibration, which means a risk of loss of the upper connection between two adjacent beam elements if the connection plate is completely disengaged and, as soon as the corresponding tube is no longer held up, a risk of lifting this tube relative to the fingers of the bottoms of the grooves and loss, also, the lower connection between these two elements-adjacent beams that are then no longer connected to each other. In addition, the inevitable fouling of the threads of the studs and nuts over time, as well as rust if the studs and nuts are vulnerable, can interfere with a voluntary disassembly, or even force to this end to destroy the studs, which renders the beam elements concerned unusable unless a repair is difficult to envisage as previously stated.

  The object of the present invention is to remedy the essential and, in its preferred embodiments, all of these disadvantages, while maintaining or even improving the dismountability, the possibility of laying in curvilinear pattern as in rectilinear tracing and the possibility of inflection without breaking, under the effect of an impact of a vehicle, safety barriers made by the known method.

  For this purpose, the present invention proposes a process which, while being in accordance with the process indicated in the preamble, is characterized in that two adjacent beam elements are connected by mutual articulation around two axes perpendicular to the ground and free from each other. thereto, each of which is fixed relative to a respective one of these two beam members and longitudinally recessed relative to a corresponding front face by which this beam member is juxtaposed to the other of these two beam elements, of a small distance from one half of the longitudinal dimension or length of each element between their end faces and such that, in the case of a rectilinear path, the front faces of mutual juxtaposition of these two beams-elements are mutually spaced longitudinally, a negligible longitudinal distance in comparison with said length of each beam-element.

  For this purpose, longitudinal beam elements are used, prefabricated in particular in reinforced concrete, each of which has a lower longitudinal face capable of being placed in stable support on the ground, two front transverse faces of juxtaposition with other elements. similar beams and means of connection articulated with the latter, each of these elements-beams being itself characteristic of the present invention, in that the articulated connection means define two mutual axes of articulation perpendicular to the lower face of the beam-member, fixed with respect thereto, and longitudinally recessed relative to a corresponding front face, of a small distance from half of the longitudinal dimension or length of the beam-element between its front faces.

  The security barrier obtained is itself characteristic of the present invention, in that two adjacent beam elements are connected by mutual articulation about two axes perpendicular to the ground and free with respect thereto, each of which is fixed relative to to one, respective, of these two elements-beams and placed longitudinally recessed relative to a corresponding front face by which this beam element is juxtaposed to the other of these two beam elements, a small distance by half of the longitudinal dimension or length of each beam-element between its end faces and such that, in the case of a rectilinear path, the front faces of mutual juxtaposition of these two beam-elements are mutually spaced, longitudinally, a negligible longitudinal distance in comparison with said length of each beam element.

  A person skilled in the art will readily understand that, as soon as the articulation between two adjacent beam elements is effected around a single axis of each of them, which is perpendicular to the ground and to the lower support face of each prefabricated element on it, a barrier made according to the present invention is not, unlike a barrier made in accordance with the teachings of WO82 / 04272, an essentially rigid barrier unless significant functional clearances are provided, but a barrier designed as soon as possible. the origins as an inherently articulated set as can be the links of a bicycle chain, in which two neighboring beam-elements can be rigorously guided to the relative rotation around their two axes of mutual articulation to orientate themselves one relative to the other, parallel to the ground, whether to pose a barrier in a curvilinear pattern rather than selo n a rectilinear plot or whether, for the barrier, it is to undergo a localized inflection under the impact of a vehicle impact. It also becomes possible to distribute the forces which then appear in the direction of a relative distance of the axes of mutual articulation of two adjacent beam elements on a plurality of mutual connection components, an example of which will be described later and which provide a link between these axes at different levels along them, these components being placed in an identical relationship with respect to the two beam elements they connect and can therefore work simultaneously and under the same conditions regardless the level at which they are located.

  In this respect, it is possible to connect two adjacent beam elements by means ensuring a variable mutual spacing between the respective axes of mutual articulation, but it is preferred to choose such means ensuring a fixed mutual spacing between these respective axes of mutual articulation. .

  For this purpose, according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and according to a preferred embodiment of the barrier obtained as well as each beam element intended for producing this barrier, each beam element is prefabricated. by arranging on each of the axes of mutual articulation a through tubular passage, integrally set back longitudinally with respect to the corresponding front face, and two adjacent beam elements are connected by engaging, in that of the tubular passages of each of which corresponds to the respective axis of mutual articulation, a respective pin which is also engaged, in an upper zone and in a lower zone of these two beam elements, in a respective coaxial orifice of an upper plate in a respective coaxial orifice of a lower connection plate, the upper connection plate and the lower plate of the connection having, perpendicular to each of the respective axes of mutual articulation, respective small dimensions with respect to said length of each element pioutre and each pin being free to rotate about the axis of mutual mutual articulation relative to the element- beam respectively corresponding and / or relative to the upper and lower connection plates and being free from the ground.

  Naturally, this freedom of each pin relative to the ground is the guarantee of the freedom that one wishes to keep, with respect to the ground, the axes of mutual articulation of the elements-beams and consequently of the possibility, for the barrier realized to bend locally by sliding at least some of the elements-beams on the ground, under the effect of an impact of a vehicle.

  It will be observed the great simplicity and the high speed with which one can assemble mutually or separate from one another two adjacent elements when choosing this preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. Indeed, since the upper and lower connection plates and the beam elements to be connected to each other have been put in place, in an order resulting from their constitution, a preferred example of which will be described later, the introduction of the pins , by a movement from top to bottom, is sufficient to ensure the mutual connection, and their withdrawal, by a movement from bottom to top, enough to release all of the other components associated with them.

  It will also be observed that the means or components then ensuring the mutual connection between two adjacent beam elements, namely the upper and lower connection plates and the pins associated with them, can have great rusticity, that is to say both at reduced cost and offering a dimensioning and, consequently, a mechanical strength much greater than those of the means used to mutually connect two neighboring beam elements in the case of the method described in WO82 / 04272, which guarantees a better strength of the connection between two neighboring beam elements to traction applied in the sense of mutual distance, that is to say also increased resistance of the barrier to dismantling under the effect of a resultant inflection itself of the impact of a vehicle. The security offered by a barrier made according to the present invention is thus much greater than that of a barrier made by the known method.

  It would be possible, on the basis of this known method, to screw each pin either into one of the orifices which receive it, respectively into the upper connection plate or into the lower connection plate, or into the corresponding tubular passage, but , given that the length of a pin is close to the height of each beam element and that each pin can thus have a sufficient weight for this purpose, it is preferred to freely engage each pin in the corresponding tubular passage and in the corresponding coaxial orifices of an upper connection plate and a lower connection plate, and leave it engaged by gravity.

  As a result, in addition to a great simplicity of installation and removal of the pins, an increased simplicity of realization of the tubular passages and the orifices of the upper and lower connection plates, which passages and orifices may be smooth internally, as well as the pin can be smooth externally. Naturally, this smooth character makes the disassembly and mounting possibilities much less vulnerable to fouling and rust than in the case of the screw connection described in WO82 / 04272.

  It would then be possible for each pin to be retained in the engaged state in the respectively corresponding orifices of an upper connection plate and of a lower connection plate as well as in the corresponding tubular passage, between these two connection plates, by support of its lower end on the ground but, to avoid any risk of anchoring the barrier according to the invention on the ground by accidental engagement of a pin in a hole, which could also ruin the engagement of this pin at least in the corresponding orifice of the upper connecting plate, it is preferred to choose each pin so that it has a head adapted to rest by gravity on the upper connection plate and a length such that it extends to more down to the floor, below the lower connection plate, when its head rests by gravity on the upper connection plate.

  The finding that the head of a pin rests on the upper connection plate then testifies that the pin is properly engaged, including in the corresponding hole of the bottom plate connection.

  The presence of such a head also facilitates the gripping of each pin when it is to release the respective holes of the lower and upper connection plates and the corresponding tubular passage to separate two neighboring beam elements.

  When the constituent material of the beam elements lends itself to it, it is possible to arrange directly in this constituent material each of the tubular passages for receiving the pins, but it is preferred to arrange each of these tubular passages in the form of a respective tube which is drowned. in the beam-element corresponding prefabricating thereof, which reinforces the constituent material around each tubular passage, largely preferred in the frequent case where the constituent material is concrete.

  Also very particularly preferred in this case, because of the low tensile strength of the concrete, but also in the case of other materials constituting the beam elements, it is preferred to connect the tubes of the two tubular passages of each other with each other. element-beam by longitudinal tie rods that are embedded in this beam-element by prefabricating it.

  Thus, if a vehicle hits a barrier according to the invention and if it bends under impact, which results in the appearance of tensile forces in the upper and lower connection plates as well as between the tubes of the two tubular passages of each beam-element, these tensile forces are transmitted directly from one to the other of these tubes inside the material constituting this beam-element, without soliciting this material constituting , which is only a kind of coating with no real function of mechanical connection between the tubes. It is furthermore possible to reinforce the constituent material of each beam element between each tubular passage, in particular lined with a tube, and the neighboring end face by placing longitudinal pins on each tubular passage of each beam element. frame, each of which surrounds the corresponding tubular passage towards the corresponding front face, and interconnecting the reinforcing pins corresponding to the two tubular passages of each beam member by longitudinal reinforcing rods which may be constituted in particular by the tie rods aforementioned connection between tubes defining the tubular passages of this beam-element and that is embedded in this beam-element, and the reinforcing pins, by prefabricating it.

  In order, on the one hand, to facilitate the assembly and disassembly and, on the other hand, to ensure a mutual connection of adjacent beam elements as close as possible to the ground, by the lower connection plates, it is preferred to base these last on the floor.

  To allow their passage, it can be provided that the lower face of each beam member rests on the ground via feet, as described in WO82 / 04272, but it is preferred to have a maximum contact area between the lower face of each beam-element and the ground, on the one hand for a better stability and on the other hand for the purpose of better distribution of friction forces on the ground. For this purpose, it is preferred to prefabricate each beam member so that its lower face has a generally planar shape and by arranging in this lower face, at the connection thereof to each end face, a respective lower receiving cavity. a corresponding part of the lower connection plate, each lower cavity surrounding a respective mutual hinge axis, being open towards the corresponding front face but closed upwards by a plane bottom which is parallel to the lower face of the element- beam and offset relative thereto by a distance at least equal to the dimension or thickness of the lower connection plate, measured parallel to the respective mutual articulation axis, and into which the corresponding tubular passage opens, each lower cavity having a shape and dimensions in plan such that it receives said part of the inferior plate connection ure respecting a functional clearance, relative rotation around the respective mutual articulation axis, at least equal to that necessary to allow bending of the barrier under conditions such that the corresponding front face abuts locally against a front face of a neighboring beam-element.

  It is thus ensured that the limitation of the relative pivoting of two neighboring beam elements comes from a localized contacting of their front faces, working in compression, under the best conditions, in particular when the beam elements are made of concrete. armed, rather than by abutment of the lower connection plate in the corresponding lower cavity of each of these elements-beams, which could cause deterioration of the constituent material thereof.

  It will be observed that the aforementioned functional clearance may be sufficiently small, given the relatively large radii of curvature that is generally accepted for safety barriers, so that each lower cavity constitutes during the construction of the barrier a prepositioning guide of the bottom plate of connection, that it is enough to place in an approximately correct orientation, abutting inside the corresponding cavity, to then allow a commitment of a lower end zone of the corresponding pin after that This has passed through the corresponding upper connecting plate and the corresponding tubular passage.

  In order to ensure that a lower end region of the pin passes right through the corresponding lower connection plate and remains engaged even if it tends to rise for example due to vibration or shock, one preferably provides for resting each lower connection plate on the ground by means of wedging means keeping it parallel thereto, in which case the distance the bottom of the cavity of each beam member is offset from the lower face thereof is chosen at least equal to the dimension or cumulative thickness of each lower connection plate and the wedging means associated therewith, measured parallel to the axis of articulation, and one chooses each pin having a length such that, when engaged in a tubular passage of a beam member and in coaxial orifices of an upper connecting plate and a lower plate When connected, it projects under the lower connection plate at most until a coplanar geometric extension of the lower face of the beam element.

  A lower end zone of each pin then protrudes below each lower connection plate, when the barrier is mounted, and does not play a role in the mutual articulation under normal conditions of relative positioning of the different components of said barrier . It can therefore be given a tapered shape, for example frustoconical, which facilitates the engagement of each pin in the corresponding holes of an upper connecting plate and a lower connection plate and in the corresponding tubular passage if these orifices are not perfectly aligned initially with this passage, the progressive engagement of the pin then automatically causing progressive alignment.

  In a particularly simple manner, it is advantageous to choose as wedging means of each lower connection plate two tubular shims which are arranged coaxially with the orifices thereof, which are secured to the latter, which furthermore ensures protection at the lower ends of the pins.

  As far as the upper connection plates are concerned, each upper connection plate is preferably placed on the two beam elements which it connects.

  For this purpose, preferably each beam element is prefabricated so that it has a longitudinal upper face and, in this upper face, the connection thereof to each end face, a respective upper receiving cavity of a corresponding part of the upper connection plate, each upper cavity surrounding a respective mutual articulation axis, being open towards the corresponding front face but closed downwards by a plane bottom which is parallel to the lower face of the element- beam and offset relative to the upper face thereof by a distance at least equal to the dimension or thickness of the upper plate, measured parallel to the respective mutual articulation axis, and in which opens the corresponding tubular passage each upper cavity having a shape and dimensions in plan such that it receives said part of the racco upper plate rdement by respecting a functional clearance, relative rotation around the respective mutual articulation axis, at least equal to that which is necessary to allow a bending of the barrier under conditions such that the corresponding front face abuts locally against a front face of a neighboring beam element.

  In this case also, the functional clearance in question can be so low that each upper cavity constitutes during the construction of the barrier a prepositioning guide of the corresponding upper connection plate.

  Thus, it is possible to ensure that the upper plates do not protrude from the outline of the beam elements, and that nothing of the means of mutual articulation of the latter extends beyond this contour, that is to say can not present any danger. snagging or injury.

  In addition, the fact of placing, as it is preferred, each lower connection plate on the ground, directly or by means of wedging means, and each upper connection plate on the beam elements themselves makes it possible to remove or install a beam element by lifting or lowering between two adjacent beam elements without encountering any obstacle in this respect.

  Indeed, the pins and the upper plates are removed and put in place from the top when the beam-element in question is in place while the lower plates can remain posed on the ground while leaving this element-beam free vis-à-vis such lifting or descent, so that no displacement of neighboring beam elements is necessary for this purpose.

  In order to provide relative pivoting capabilities of two elementsboutres sufficient to cope with the needs, for a reduced initial clearance between their front faces, where we mean by initial game the minimal clearance that exists between them when the elements- beams are placed in the extension of the other, in a straight line, preferably prefabricated each beam element so that its front faces are convex in a plan view, in a manner known per se.

  When, in a manner also known in itself, each beam element is prefabricated so that it has a mean transverse plane of symmetry, it is preferably also provided, in its prefabrication, that the two respective axes of mutual articulation are mutually symmetrical with respect to this mean transverse plane of symmetry.

  Similarly, when each beam element is prefabricated so that it has a mean longitudinal plane of symmetry, in a manner known per se, it is preferable for this plane of symmetry to include the two axes. respective mutual articulation, which allows to use each element-beam indifferently in mutually offset orientations of 180 on the ground to connect it to two other similar or identical elements-beams.

  The general shape of each beam-element is, moreover, indifferent to the present invention, but each beam-element is preferably prefabricated in a manner known per se, so that it has a cross-section whose size or width, measured parallel to the underside, decreases from the bottom up, for example according to a profile known as NEW JERSEY, currently considered to offer the best characteristics of restraint of a vehicle against a crossing and guiding such a vehicle to keep it in its lane.

  Other conformations could however be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  Other features and advantages of the various aspects of the present invention will emerge from the description below, relating to a non-limiting example of implementation, as well as the accompanying drawings.

which accompany this description.

  FIG. 1 shows a beam element according to the invention, in lateral elevation in a transverse direction marked at I in FIG. 2.

  FIG. 2 shows a view from above of this element, in a transverse direction marked at II in FIG.

  FIG. 3 shows a view of this end element in a longitudinal direction indicated at III in FIG.

  FIG. 4 shows, inside the silhouette of the beam element as it appears in FIG. 1, the plane of a reinforcement reinforcement of this beam element, supposedly made of reinforced concrete.

  FIG. 5 shows a view from above, in a transverse direction marked V in FIG. 4, of a longitudinal pin forming an integral part of this reinforcement reinforcement.

  FIGS. 6 and 7 show the reinforcement reinforcement, respectively at the end in a longitudinal direction indicated at VI in FIG. 4 and in section through a transverse plane marked at VII in FIG. 4.

  FIG. 8 shows, in a partial view, in side elevation, similar to that of FIG. 1, the connection of mutual articulation between two adjacent beam elements according to the invention, to constitute a barrier according to the invention along a path for example rectilinear.

  Figures 9 and 10 show, respectively in lateral elevation in a transverse direction marked at IX in Figure 10 and from above in a transverse direction marked at X in Figure 9, the bottom plate connecting these two beam elements.

  Figures 11 and 12 show, respectively in lateral elevation in a transverse direction marked XI in Figure 12 and in view in a transverse direction marked at XII in Figure 11, the upper plate connecting these two elements-beams.

  Figure 13 shows, in side elevation, one of the pins, mutually identical, ensuring the articulation between each of these elements-beams and the lower and upper connection plates.

  Figure 14 shows, in a partially exploded view, the connection of the two beam elements by mutual articulation, according to the invention.

  8, a barrier according to the invention has been designated by 2 each of the prefabricated beam elements, for example made of reinforced concrete and prestressed, this example being however in no way limiting.

  All the beam elements 2, of which an exemplary form is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, 8 and 14 and of which an example of an interior design is illustrated in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7, are similar in that each of between them has an elongated shape in a respective longitudinal direction 3, with a current cross section which is identical to each other of these elements 2 between two respective transverse faces, transverse, 4, 5 which are mutually opposite according to the respective longitudinal direction 3 and are identical to each other of the elements-beams 2, in that they have the same general interior design and the same provisions in the immediate vicinity of each of the front faces 4 and 5 for the purpose of mutual articulation in accordance with the present invention. However, they may exhibit differences in detail, as well as differences in longitudinal dimensions, since, in particular, it is possible to provide for several variants, the longitudinal dimensions or lengths of which, measured overall from one to the other of the front faces 4 and 5, are sub-multiples of each other, a basic beam element 2 having for example between its front faces 4 and 5 a longitudinal dimension or length L1 of the order of 5 m, namely more precisely equal to 4490 mm in the non-limiting example illustrated, and other elements-beams a longitudinal dimension of the order of 2.50 m, it being understood that these figures are only given by way of non-limiting example.

  Similarly, it is by way of non-limiting example that is illustrated, for each beam-element 2, a cross section of the type known as NEW JERSEY, other profiles can be chosen without the This is a departure from the scope of the present invention.

  However, it is preferred to choose profiles which, like the NEW JERSEY profile, have a symmetry with respect to an average longitudinal plane 6, perpendicular to a flat longitudinal longitudinal face 7, of support flat on the ground 8, it being understood that a beam element 2 according to the invention preferably also has a symmetry with respect to a transverse plane 9, also perpendicular to the lower face 7 and also perpendicular to the plane 6.

  Under these conditions, each beam element 2 can be assembled, in an articulated manner, characteristic of the present invention, to one or two adjacent beam elements 2, similar in the sense indicated above, indifferently in FIG. one or the other of two orientations turned 180 relative to each other about an axis 10 constituting the intersection of the two mean planes of symmetry 6 and 9.

  According to the NEW JERSEY profile, chosen by way of example, the cross section of each beam element 2 is defined by a set of longitudinal, planar faces, which follow one another in the direction of the height from the lower face 7 in FIG. defining a profile which narrows progressively upwardly from a transverse dimension or width 11 which is that of the lower face 7 and has for example a value of 570 mm, due to: - two mutually symmetrical side faces 11 relative to the plane 6 and connected downwards to the lower face 7, approximately perpendicularly if we ignore a slight convergence of these side faces 11 upwards for reasons of manufacture of the beam element 2 by molding, two lateral faces 12 also mutually symmetrical with respect to the plane 6 and converging upwards from their connection to a respective lateral face 11, with an inclination of the order of 30 relative to the plane 6, two lateral faces 13 converging upwards from their connection with a respective lateral face 12 forming with the plane 6 an angle substantially lower than that formed with the each of the lateral faces 12 and for example of the order of 10, an upper face 14 parallel to the lower face 7 and mutually connecting the two lateral faces 13 opposite their connection with the lateral faces 12, this upper face 14 having meanwhile, perpendicular to the plane 6, a transverse dimension or width 12 substantially less than ir, ie for example 150 mm.

  Between the upper 14 and lower 7 faces, perpendicular thereto, each beam element 2 has a transverse dimension, or overall height h1, which is much smaller than its length L1, as is also the case with the width However, this height h1 is generally higher. For the aforementioned values of L1 and 11, the height h1 is for example 800 mm.

  All the lateral faces 11, 12, 13 extend uniformly from one to the other of the end faces 4 and 5, but the upper face 14 extends only uniformly from the immediate proximity of one of these end faces. 4 and 5 in the immediate vicinity of the other of these end faces, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention which is illustrated and as it will appear later.

  Similarly, while, in a manner known per se, particularly when it is desired to reduce the weight of a prefabricated element intended for the production of a safety barrier, the lower face 7 is hollowed along the plane 6d. a longitudinal groove 15 of substantially rectangular cross section and oblong perpendicular to the plane 6, extending from one to the other of the end faces 4 and 5, this groove has a uniform section that the immediate proximity of the one of the front faces 4 and 5 to the immediate vicinity of the other of these end faces, and has in longitudinally extreme zones of connection to one and the other of these end faces 4 and 5 a particular conformation, specific to the implementation of the present invention, as will be seen later.

  In a manner known per se, this groove 15 is also connected in a localized manner, between these longitudinally extreme zones of particular conformation, to each of the end faces 11 by at least one transverse channel also hollowed out in the lower face 7 and thus traversing the element-beam 2 corresponding from one side to the other, that is to say from one to the other of the side faces 11, perpendicular to the plane 6 to allow a passage of runoff through the barrier 1.

  The illustrated beam element 2 comprises two exemplaries 16, 17 of this transverse channel, arranged between the plane 9 and, respectively, the end faces 4 and 5 and slightly closer to the plane 9 than to the end face 4, 5 disposed of the same side of this plane 9, each of these copies having a substantially rectangular section, oblong longitudinally. This number and this provision are however only a non-limiting example, and other numbers and other provisions, as well as other conformations, may be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  Finally, in a manner also known in itself, each of the front faces 4 and 5 has, when viewed in plan, a convex shape, for example by beveling as proposed by WO 82/42072.

  In the illustrated example, each of the end faces has a central pan 18, 19 plane, parallel to the plane 9 secant plane 6, and two side panels 20, 21 to which the central panel 18, 19 is connected in the direction a distance from the plane 6 and which are also planar but are close to the plane 9 in the direction of a distance from the plane 6 and relative to their connection with the central panel 18, 19 respectively corresponding. Like the central panels 18 and 19, these lateral panels 20 and 21 are, however, perpendicular to the lower face 7 of the beam element 2.

  To maintain the preferred symmetry of the beam member 2 with respect to the two planes 6 and 9, the two central panels 18 and 19 are respectively symmetrical with respect to the plane 6 and mutually symmetrical with respect to the plane 9, the side panels 20 are mutually symmetrical with respect to the plane 6 as are the lateral panels 21, and each lateral panel 21 is symmetrical with a lateral panel 20 with respect to the plane 9. The obliquity of each lateral panel 20, 21 with respect to the panel corresponding central 18, 19 conditions in part the ability of the beam-elements 2 to be interconnected so as to form a barrier 1 in a curved pattern and the ability of this barrier 1 to flex under the impact of a vehicle. Taking into account, on the one hand, the usual longitudinal dimensions, such as L1r, of a beam element 2. On the other hand, the generally high value of the permissible radii of curvature on the one hand for a curved installation and on the other hand when the barrier is deflected by the impact of a vehicle, this obliquity may be small and limited to a few degrees of angle, ie for example 3 with respect to the plane 9.

  In a particularly simple manner, in the illustrated example, each of the lateral panels 20, 21 is connected to the central panel 18, 19 corresponding by a straight edge 92, 93 which is perpendicular to the lower face 7 and joins it to a ridge longitudinal unreferenced connection between the two lateral faces 12, 13 located on the same side of the plane 6 as this side panel 20, 21, so that each of the side panels 20, 21 is delimited by this edge 92, 93, a part, and by its connection with the lower face 7 and one, respectively, side faces 11 and 12, on the other hand. Each central panel 18, 19 is delimited by the two edges 92, 33 of connection with the corresponding side panels 20, 21, on the one hand, and by its connection with the lower face 7, with each of the lateral faces 13 and with the upper face 14, on the other hand. The distance or width 13 mutually separating the two edges 92 or the two edges 93, respectively, perpendicularly to the plane 6 is for example 250 mm for the aforementioned values of 11 and 12.

  However, other conformations of the front faces 4, 5 could be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention, it being understood that it is preferred to give them a convex conformation when viewed in plan; in particular, these front faces 4 and 5 could have the respective shape of a part of a cylinder of revolution about an axis perpendicular to the lower face 7 and, to maintain the preferred symmetry of each elementpoutre 2 with respect to the two planes 6 and 9, located in the plane 6 and symmetrical with the axis of the other end face with respect to the plane 9.

  The general form of a beam element 2 according to the present invention, which has just been described, is common to beam elements already known, and will not be further detailed; it is not critical in light of the present invention and other general shapes could be chosen without going beyond the scope thereof.

  To achieve, in accordance with the present invention, a safety barrier 1, for road traffic, is deposited end to end on the ground 8, in a chosen pattern that can be straight as is the case in Figure 8 for reasons of simplicity of explanation, or curvilinear, not shown, the elements-beams 2 which are placed in stable support on the ground 8, independently of one another, by their lower longitudinal faces 7 which, when they are flat as described, thus lie flat on the floor 8. The neighboring beam elements 2 are thus placed in the longitudinal extension of one another in the case of a path rectilinear, or are slightly angularly offset from one another in a plan view, in the case of a curvilinear pattern but, in both cases, they are juxtaposed mutually by respective end faces between which one preserves however a game of space 22 t longitudinal longitudinal, whose longitudinal value, or distance dl measured along the longitudinal planes 6 of the neighboring elements-beams 2 in the case of a straight line of the barrier 1, is negligible in comparison with the longitudinal dimension L1 or length overall each beam element 2, this overall length being here measured between the central faces 18, 19 of the end faces 4 and 5, according to the mean plane 6.

  The value of dl is for example 5 mm for an overall length L1 of 4490 mm, these figures being indicated like all the other figures by way of non-limiting example.

  For the sake of clarity, FIG. 8 illustrates the longitudinal juxtaposition of a front face 4 of a beam member 2 with a front face 5 of a neighboring beam member 2, but it is understood that one could equally indifferently juxtapose two front faces 4 or two end faces 5 under identical conditions, when each beam member 2 has the symmetries described with respect to the two planes 6 and 9.

  In accordance with the present invention, the adjacent beam elements 2 are connected two by two in an articulated manner, leaving them free with respect to the ground 8, by mutual articulation around two free axes 23, 24 with respect to the ground 8 and perpendicular to it, that is to say, also perpendicular to the lower faces 7 of the two elementsboutres 2. Each of these axes 23 and 24 is fixed relative to one, respective, two neighboring beam-elements 2 and placed in longitudinal shrinkage with respect to the front face 4, 5 by whichthis element 2 is juxtaposed to the other of these elements-beams 2, the value or distance d2 of this longitudinal shrinkage, measured along the respective longitudinal mean plane 6, from of the central panel 18, 19 of the front face 4, 5 corresponding, being much greater than the value of dl but low compared to half the longitudinal dimension or length L1 of each element-beam 2. For example, for the aforementioned values of d1 and L1r the value of d2 can be 147.5 mm, which places the two axes 23, 24 of mutual articulation of the two elementsboutres 2 at a mutual spacing d3 of 300 mm for the aforementioned value d2, that is to say at a mutual distance d3 also low compared to half of L1i and a fortiori to L1.

  Each beam element 2 thus has two axes 23, 24 of articulation with a neighboring beam element 2 respectively, these two axes 23 and 24 being placed in the middle plane 6 and being mutually symmetrical with respect to the mean plane 9 and each 'between them being set back longitudinally by the distance dl with respect to the respectively nearest end face 4, 5.

  With a view to this mutual articulation of two neighboring beam elements 2, each beam element 2 is preferably prefabricated by arranging, according to each of the mutual articulation axes 23, 24, a tubular passage 25, 26 passing through it. that is to say, opening on the one hand upwards in the respective upper face 14 and on the other hand downwards in the respective lower face 7, or more precisely at the bottom of the respective localized cavities of these two faces 14 and 7, as will become apparent, each of the tubular passages 25 and 26 being placed fully recessed longitudinally with respect to the corresponding front face 4, 5.

  For this purpose, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of these tubular passages 25 and 26 is arranged in the form of a respective tube 27, 28 which is embedded in the constituent material of the element. -poutre 2 corresponding, namely in the example illustrated concrete, prefabricating this element-beam 2.

  The two tubes 27 and 28 may advantageously be metallic and present internally as externally a cylindrical shape of revolution about the respective axis 23, 24, with a diameter not referenced much less than half of d2.

  However, preferably, each of the tubes 27 and 28 extends only from a lower end of the corresponding tubular passage 25, 26 to the immediate vicinity of an upper end zone of this tubular passage, in which the latter gradually flares upwards, for example with a frustoconical shape of revolution about the respective axis 23, 24 as illustrated respectively at 29 and 30.

  In particular, when the constituent material of each beam member 2 has a low tensile strength, as is the case with concrete, it is avoided to make this material play a role in the resistance of the tubes 27 and 28 to the against a longitudinal mutual distance, that is to say a longitudinal traction applied through them to the constituent material of the beam member 2 and, for this purpose, is connected mutually tubes 27 and 28 of a beam member 2 by longitudinal reinforcing rods 31, for example consisting of straight rebars, which are welded to the two tubes 27 and 28 or simply juxtaposed to them, and that Integral material is embedded in the constituent material of the beam element 2 by prefabricating it.

  In addition, each tubular passage 25, 26 is preferably reinforced by longitudinal mutually reinforcing longitudinal pins 32, 33, of which a nonlimiting example, namely that of a pin 33, has been illustrated in FIG. In the illustrated example, each of these pins 32, 33 has two longitudinal branches such as 34 which are respectively disposed on either side of the respectively corresponding tube 27, 28, in contact with it and with a respective tie rod 31, if necessary with mutual joining by welding, and forms between these two branches such as a semicircle loop such as 35 which is arranged between the tube 27, 28 corresponding and the front face 4, 5 and integrally embedding, such as reinforcing rods 31 and branches such as 34, in the material constituting the beam member 2 by prefabricating it. In the absence of mutual attachment of the pins 32, 33, tie rods 31 and tubes 27, 28 prior to flooding into the material constituting the beam element, their embedding by this constituent material is sufficient to ensure mutual bonding.

  In the example illustrated, six tie rods 31 are thus distributed in pairs of tie rods disposed respectively on either side of the plane 6, symmetrically with respect to each other, at the rate of one pair. upper end disposed near the upper end of the tubes 27 and 28, that is to say a little below the upper flares 29 and 30 of the tubular passages 25 and 26, a lower pair arranged a little above lower ends of the tubes 27 and 28 and tubular passages 25 and 26, and an intermediate pair disposed between the upper pair and the lower pair but closer to the upper pair than the lower pair. Each of these rods 31 is placed in contact with the two tubes 27 and 28.

  It is also provided in this example five pins 32 and five pins 33. Two pins 32 and two pins 33 associated with the upper pair of reinforcing rods 31, namely a pin 32 and a pin 33 disposed above the two corresponding tie rods, respectively around the tube 27 and around the tube 28, and a pin 32 and a pin 33 disposed below these two tie rods, respectively around the tube 27 and around the tube 28, with contact between the branches such as 34 pins 32 and 33 and, on the one hand, these reinforcing rods 31, that these branches run along the case from above and from below, and, secondly, respectively the tube 27 and the tube 28 Two pins 32 and two pins 33 are associated under the same conditions to the two tie rods 31 of the lower pair, as well as, respectively, to the tube 27 and to the tube 28. To the two reinforcing rods 31 constituting the intermediate pair are associated a single pin 32 also associated with the tube 27 and a single pin 33 also associated with the tube 28, the two branches such as 34 of these two pins 32, 33 skirting the top two tie rods 31 with which they come into contact, as well as they come into contact with the tube 27 and the tube 28 respectively.

  Other arrangements to ensure a mutual connection of the two tubes 27 and 28 within the constituent material of the beam member 2 could however be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention as well. that, in the case of a constituent material having sufficient characteristics in particular in terms of tensile strength, such reinforcing means can be omitted.

  If necessary, each beam element 2 may also be internally armed in the traditional manner, for example by incorporating, at its prefabrication, a traditional wire mesh with square mesh, having longitudinal irons and transverse irons.

  By way of nonlimiting example, it is illustrated the use, for this purpose, of three longitudinal pieces of lattice extending from the immediate proximity of the front face 4 to the immediate vicinity of the front face 5, integrally with the interior of the constituent material of the beam member 2, at the rate of: - two parts 36 bent transversely L-shaped inverted so as to present, in cross section, a rectilinear branch along one, respective, side faces 13 and extending on the one hand down to an end located in the immediate vicinity of the lower face 7 or, where appropriate, to the immediate vicinity of the top of the transverse channels 16, 17, between the groove 15 and a respective lateral face 11, and on the other hand upwards to the immediate vicinity of the upper face 14, below which this branch connects to another rectilinear branch which runs along this upper face 14 until to the opposite end face 13 and to a transversely U-shaped double bent piece 37 which is transversely cross-sectioned so as to have two rectilinear end branches, each of which runs along one of the respective side faces 11, lower end located near the lower face 7 or, where appropriate, the top of one of the transverse channels 16, 17, and a rectilinear branch to which these branches are connected upwards and which connects them mutually along the top of the throat 15.

  Irons constitutive parts 36 and 37 are placed in contact with each other, along or crossing as appropriate, in a manner known per se, to ensure mutual bonding by coating with the constituent material of the beam element 2 during the manufacture thereof, it being understood that one can also complete this mutual bonding by welding. Similarly, each of the pieces 36 runs along the respective one of the reinforcing rods 31 constituting the upper pair and can be secured to this weld rod, provided that their coating by the constituent material of the beam member 2 when making it may suffice for this purpose.

  It would be possible to provide the articulated connection between two adjacent elements 2 by two means allowing a mutual spacing of the axes 23, 24 of mutual articulation of these two elements-beams 2, but the preservation of the game 22, whose effect is reinforced by the convex shape of the end faces 4 and 5 when viewed in plan, allows to use for this purpose means ensuring a fixed mutual spacing d3, equal to the sum of dl and double d2, while allowing both the laying of the barrier 1 according to the invention according to a curvilinear pattern and an inflection of the barrier 1 produced under the effect of an impact by a motor vehicle, without breaking this barrier 1.

  This is the case in the illustrated example in which, to ensure the articulated connection between two adjacent beam elements 2, means 40 comprising, between the two tubular passages 25, 26, adjoining end faces 4, 5 mutually juxtaposed a set of four components or parts, one bottom plate 38 of mutual connection, one upper plate 39 of mutual connection, and two pins 47, 48 smooth externally engaged coaxially, substantially without radial play, respectively in the tube 27, smooth. internally, defining the tubular passage 25 and in the tube 28, also internally smooth, defining the tubular passage 26, as well as in a respective orifice 41 of the lower plate 38, disposed in a respective lower zone 43, 44 of the two beam elements 2, respectively below the tubular passage 25 and below the tubular passage 26, and in a respective orifice 42 of the upper plate 39, disposed in turn in a respective upper zone 45, 46 of the two beam members 2, above the flared upper ends 29 and 30 of the tubular passages 25 and 26, respectively. The orifices 41 and 42 are smooth internally, and each pin engages freely, that is to say in particular without screwing, to be retained only by gravity, as is also the case with inside each of the tubes 27 and 28, being able to turn about the respective axis 23, 24 both in the corresponding tubular passage 25, 26 with respect to the corresponding beam element 2, and in each of the orifices 41 and 42 relative to the bottom plate 38 and upper plate 39.

  Each pin 47, 48 is further free relative to the ground, to allow the inflection of the barrier 1 under the effect of an impact of a motor vehicle.

  The references 23 and 24 have been retained to designate the respective axes of the two orifices 41 of the lower plate 38, of the two orifices 42 of the upper plate 39, and of the two pins 47, 48, in FIGS. 9 to 13, in relation to with the assembly shown in Figure 8.

  According to these axes, each of the plates 38, 39 has its minimum dimension or thickness e1, e2, small relative to the height h1 of a beam element 2 and for example 15 mm for a height h1 of 800 mm, between a respective upper face 49, 50 and a respective lower face 51, 52, one and the other plane and perpendicular to the two axes 23 and 24. However, while the two faces 50 and 52 of the plate 39, in which open the two orifices 42 thereof, are free, that is to say, devoid of any relief, only the upper face 49 of the plate 38 is thus free, while its lower face 51 integrally carries two wedges 53, tubular , each of which coaxially surrounds one of the orifices 41 by presenting perpendicularly to the respective axis 23, 24 internal dimensions at least equal and preferably greater than those of the corresponding orifice 41 and external dimensions less than those of the faces 45 and 49 of the plate 18; in the nonlimiting example illustrated, each of the wedges 53 is constituted by a section of square section tube, but other embodiments and other positioning modes of the wedges 53 can be chosen without being out for as much of the scope of the present invention, since. these wedges release a coaxial extension of the two orifices 41 in the direction of a distance relative to the respective axis 23, 24. Along these axes 23, 24, the two wedges 53 have the same uniform thickness e3, measured between the lower face 51 of the plate 38 and a respective lower face 54 parallel to this face 51, the thickness e3 being for example 55 mm so that the assembly constituted by the plate 38 and the two wedges 53 has parallel to the two axes 23 and 24 an overall height h2 whose value is in this non-limiting example of 70 mm, which remains low compared to the height hl of the beam-element 2.

  When seen in plan, for example from above, in the direction of the axes 23 and 24, the lower plate 38 has a rectangular shape, symmetrical with respect to two middle planes 55 and 56, the first includes the two axes 23 and 24 and the second of which constitutes a plane of mutual symmetry between these axes 23 and 24. More precisely, this rectangular shape is of length L2, measured perpendicularly to the plane 56, small with respect to the length L1 of a beam element 2, and for example 500 mm, and width 15, measured perpendicular to the plane 55, less than the width 13 mutually separating the two edges 92, 93 of each end face 4, 5 but greater than the width 14 of the groove 15 , measured perpendicular to the plane 6. For example, the width 15 is 180 mm for respective values of 13 and 14 of 250 mm and 160 mm.

  The wedges 53 are respectively symmetrical with respect to the plane 55 and mutually symmetrical with respect to the plane 56. Their dimensions, perpendicular to the axes 23 and 24, are smaller than each of the dimensions, in plane, L2 and 15 of the plate 38, and must simply be sufficient to ensure a stable support of the plate 38 on the ground 8 by pressing flat on it, the lower faces 54 of these wedges 53 and the maintenance of the lower face 51 of the plate 38 at a uniform distance of the ground 8, equal to their thickness e3, in particular during the assembly of the neighboring beam-elements 2 to form the barrier 1. In the example illustrated, each of the shims 53 has the shape of a square on the outside, in plan 80 mm side, two sides of the square being parallel to the plane 55 and the other two sides being parallel to the plane 56.

  The upper plate 39, when viewed in plan, has the same symmetry as the plate 38 with respect to the two planes 55 and 56, and its shape is also rectangular, elongated perpendicular to the plane 56. For example, it presents perpendicular to this plane 56 a dimension or length L3 identical to the dimension L2 of the plate 38 while it has perpendicularly to the plane 55 a dimension or width 16 slightly smaller than the dimension 12 that the upper face 14 has perpendicular to the plane 6, namely for example a value of the order of 140 mm for a value of 150 mm of the width 12.

  The diameter of the orifices 41 and 42 is smaller than the dimensions 15 and 16 and is of the same order of magnitude as the inner diameter of the tubes 27, 28 defining the tubular passages 25 and 26; for example, it has a diameter of 40 mm for a value of 38 mm of the internal diameter of the tubes 27 and 28.

  It will be observed that, when two beam elements 2 are placed in such a way that their longitudinal planes of symmetry 6 coincide, the plane 55 of symmetry common to the two plates 38 and 39 also coincides with these longitudinal planes of symmetry 6, whereas the plane means of symmetry 56 constitutes a plane of symmetry between the front faces 4 and 5 adjacent, passing inside the game 22 for which this plane 56 also constitutes a mean plane of symmetry in this relative position of the two beam elements 2.

  The lower zones 43 and 44 of the two beam elements 2, by which these beam elements 2 are intended to articulate respectively about the axis 23 and around the axis 24 on the lower plate 38, are arranged to receive a respective part, namely about a respective half, of the lower plate 38 resting on the ground 8 via the wedges 53 while they themselves rest flat on the ground by their lower face 7.

  For this purpose, during the prefabrication of each beam member 2, it is arranged in this lower face 7, the connection thereof to each front face 4, 5, a respective lower cavity 57, 58 for receiving the corresponding part. of the lower plate 38.

  In the illustrated example, in which a groove 15 runs longitudinally over the lower face 7, each of the cavities 57 and 58 is constituted by a respective end zone, widened perpendicular to the plane 6, symmetrically with respect thereto, of this groove 15 .

  More specifically, each cavity 57 is delimited upwards, that is to say in the direction of a distance from the lower face 7 parallel to the axes 23 and 24, by a longitudinal plane bottom 59, 60 which is parallel to the lower face 7 and constitutes a respective end portion of a non-referenced longitudinal bottom, parallel to the face 7, which delimits the groove 15 upwards. The two bottoms 59 and 60 are thus set back upwards, with respect to the lower face 7 of the respective beam element 2, by a distance h3 which is chosen to be at least equal to h2 and preferably slightly greater than h2, and for example 75 mm for the aforementioned value of h2, that is to say 70 mm.

  In the direction of a distance from the plane 6, each of the cavities 57, 58 is delimited by two respective longitudinal planar flanks 61, 62, which, with the exception of a slight mutual convergence upward for reasons of manufacturing each beam member 2 by molding, are parallel to the plane 6, mutually symmetrical with respect thereto and mutually spaced, perpendicular thereto, by a distance or width 17 greater than the width 14 of the groove 15 but also, preferably slightly, to the size or width of the plate 38, and for example 190 mm for the aforementioned value of 15, namely 180 mm.

  Under these conditions, each flank 61, 62 of a cavity 57, 58 is connected to a respective longitudinal flank 63, delimiting the groove 15 in the direction of a distance relative to the plane 6, that is to say defining with the other side 63 the width 14, by a respective transverse plane shoulder 64, 65 having the same longitudinal orientation as the corresponding front face 4, 5, in which the cavity 57, 58 opens out by its two sides 61, 62 and by its bottom 59, 60, and these shoulders 64, 65 constitute an abutment against excessive longitudinal penetration of the lower plate 38 in the groove 15 of each beam member 2.

  To. to allow, at the same time, to use a stop of the lower plate 38 against the shoulders 64 or 65 as a prepositioning guide of the lower plate 38 with respect to one of the beam elements 2 to be assembled mutually, under conditions which will appear thereafter, and allow inside each cavity 57, 58 a certain clearance of the lower plate 38 to pivot about the respective axis corresponding 23, 24 relative to the beam-element 2, so as to allow the bending of the barrier 1 for laying in a curvilinear pattern or for its inflection under the effect of the impact of a vehicle, it is chosen to give the longitudinal dimension L4 of each cavities 57, 58, measured between the two corresponding shoulders 64, 65 and the central panel 18, 19 of the end face 4, 5 into which this cavity 57, 58 opens, a value at least equal to and preferably slightly greater than the half of the dimen sion or length L2 of the lower plate 38, for example a value of 260 mm for the aforementioned value of L2, that is to say for a value of 500 mm L2.

  Under these conditions, given a value equal to 147.5 mm for the longitudinal distance d2, measured between the central panel 18, 19 of each end face 4, 5 and the hinge axis 23, 24 closest , that is to say more generally a value of L4 greater than the sum of d2 and the inner radius of a passage 26, 27 at its lower end, that is to say a tube 27 , 28, each of the tubular passages 25, 26, or more precisely each of the tubes 27, 28, opens at its bottom end into the bottom 59, 60 of the cavity 57, 58 corresponding to the front face 4, .5 nearest of the axis 23, 24 corresponding, and this bottom 59, 60 surrounds this lower end of the passage 25, 26 or the tube 27, 28, perpendicular to this axis 23, 24.

  When the barrier 1 is assembled, under conditions such that the front face 4 of an element 2 is located facing the front face 5 of another element 2, while respecting the clearance 22 , the lower plate 38 is engaged for a little less than half, on one side of the plane 56, in the cavity 57 opening into the front face 4 of one of these elements-beams 2 while it is engaged for a little less than its other half, on the other side of the plane 56, in the cavity 58 opening into the front face 5 of the other element 2, in a coaxial relationship of each of its orifices 41 with the respective one , tubular passages 25, 26 corresponding. The plate 38 is then not exposed to the outside other than at the level of the game 22, that is to say, in particular, does not project from the cross section of the two beam elements 2 Like the latter, it can slide on the ground 8 to allow an inflection of the barrier 1 under the effect of an impact of a vehicle.

  Arrangements are preferably also provided in the upper zones 45, 46 of each beam element 2, namely in the example illustrated in the upper face 14 thereof, in close proximity to each of its end faces 4, 5 , to receive a respective portion of the upper plate 39, a respective side of the plane 56, and let it simply rest by gravity on them. two elements-beams 2 which it connects without it protrudes with respect to the cross section of these two elements-beams 2.

  For this purpose, during the prefabrication of each beam member 2, at the connection of its upper face 2 to each of its end faces 4, 5 is arranged a respective upper cavity 66, 67 open upwards towards the corresponding front face. 4, 5, and to each of the lateral faces 13.

  More precisely, each cavity 66, 67 is delimited downwards by a respective plane bottom 68, 69 which is offset downwards relative to the remainder of the upper face 14 and, like this, parallel to the lower face 7. Each of the bottoms 68, 69 is connected on the one hand to the front face 4, 5 respectively corresponding, in the direction of a distance relative to the plane 9, and each of the faces 13, in the direction of a away from the plane 6. In the direction of approaching the plane 9, it is connected to the rest of the upper face 14 by a respective plane shoulder 70, 71 parallel to the plane 9 or approximately parallel thereto , each shoulder 70, 71 may approach slightly upward due to a manufacture of the element 2 by molding.

  Each of the bottoms 68, 69 is thus offset downwards relative to the remainder of the upper face 14 by a distance h4 which is at least equal to the dimension or thickness e2 of the upper plate 39, measured parallel to the axes 23. and 24, and such that the bottom 68, 69 is perpendicular to the plane 6, between its connections with the two faces. side 13, a dimension or width 18 slightly greater than the width 16 of the plate 39. This last condition is filled automatically when the width 12 of the remainder of the upper face 14 is itself slightly greater than the width 16, as c ' is the case when the values are those which were previously indicated, and when the profile of each element-beam 2 is that which has been described.

  For the aforementioned value of the thickness e2, the value of h4 is for example 30 mm.

  Furthermore, each of the shoulders 70, 71 is placed in longitudinal recess, with respect to the central panel 18, 19 of the corresponding front face 4, respectively, of the same distance L5 which, given the identity between the lengths L2 and L3 of the lower plates 38 and upper 39, is equal to L4.

  Given this sizing of each of the cavities 66, 67, the bottom 68, 69 thereof surrounds all parts of the corresponding tubular passage 25, 26, which opens there through the flare 29, 30 of its upper end.

  More generally, this distance L5 is chosen so that when the upper plate 39 rests flat, by its lower face 52, on the bottoms 68 and 69 of the cavities 66, 67 corresponding to the front faces 4, 5 adjacent, in a relationship such that each of the orifices 42 is coaxial with a respective one of the tubular passages 25 and 26, there remains between the upper plate 39 and each of the shoulders 70, 71 a functional play 72, 73 which, like a functional game 74, 75 existing. around the lower plate 38. in each of the lower cavities 57, 58 in view of their relative dimensioning, in plan, allows an angular offset between the longitudinal longitudinal planes 6 of the two beam elements 2 as well as between each of these mean planes 6 and the average plane 55 of the two plates 38 and 39, under conditions such that it is the arrival of the end faces 4, 5 mutually abutting by their side panels 20, 21 which is a limit to this angular offset, and not a contact between one or the other of the plates 39 and 38, respectively with the flanks 61, 62 and shoulders 64, 65 of the lower cavities 57, 58 or with the shoulders 70, 71 of the upper cavities 66, 67.

  Thus, particularly in case of inflection of the barrier 1 under the effect of the impact of a vehicle, two neighboring beam elements 2 are not likely to be damaged by a coming of the plates 38 and 39 in abutment against the material which constitutes these two elements-beams 2, namely for example concrete, this abutment contact is carried out directly between these two elements-beams 2, thus urged in compression at the level of this mutual contact, under conditions in which in particular the concrete is particularly able to withstand mechanically.

  In return for such an abutment, traction is applied by each of the plates 38 and 39 to the two pins 47, 48, each of which is engaged in a respective one of the orifices 41 and 42 of the lower plates 38 and upper 39 and, between them, in a respective tubular passage 25, 26 and therefore transmits this traction to each beam member 2, which is reinforced in this respect by the tube 27, 28, the tie rods 31, the pins 32 and 33 and only by the reinforcing lattices 36, 37.

  To guide each of the beam members 2 to the relative rotation about the axis 23, 24 respectively corresponding to the lower plate 38 and upper 39, virtually without any other possibility of relative movement, each pin 47, 48 comprises a rectilinear rod 76, 77 delimited, in the direction of a distance relative to the respective axis 23, 24, by an outer peripheral face 78, 79 cylindrical of revolution about this axis 23, 24, smooth, and a unreferenced diameter, substantially identical but slightly less than that of the inner diameters of the orifices 41, 42 and the tubular passages 25, 26, that is to say the tubes 27, 28, which is the smallest. Thus, for a value of 40 mm of the internal diameter of the orifices 41, 42 and 38 mm of the tubular passages 25, 26 or tubes 27, 28, apart from the upper flare 29, 30 of the tubular passages 25, 26, the diameter of the outer peripheral face 78, 79 may be 35 mm, this figure being indicated by way of non-limiting example.

  In a lower end region of the rod 76, 77, the outer peripheral face 78, 79 thereof is connected to an outer peripheral face 80, 81 frustoconical of revolution about the same axis 23, 24 and narrowing towards the bottom, to a flat end face 82, 83 of the lower end, perpendicular to the respective axis 23, 24.

  In an upper end region of the rod 76, 77, the outer peripheral face 78, 79 is connected to a flat annular shoulder 84, 85 facing downwards, this shoulder 84, 85 having a shape of revolution around the respective axis 23, 24 at which it is perpendicular and protruding from the outer circumferential face 78, 79, all around thereof, in the direction of a distance relative to this respective axis 23, 24.

  This shoulder 84, 85 delimits downwardly a head 86, 87 integral with the rod 76, 77 and further defined upwardly by a flat end face 88, 89 of the upper end, perpendicular to the axis 23, 24 and presenting the shape of a disk connected peripherally to the shoulder 84, 85 by a 90, 91 cylindrical or approximately cylindrical edge of revolution about the respective axis 23, 24, with a diameter greater than that of an orifice 42 of the upper plate 39 but smaller than the smallest dimension in plan thereof, that is to say the dimension 16. This diameter, not referenced, is for example 60 mm for a value of 140 mm of 16.

  Between the upper face 88, 89 and the shoulder 84, 85 which delimits it downwards, each head 86, 87 has parallel to the respective axis 23, 24 a dimension or thickness e4 which is at most equal to the difference between the dimension or thickness e2 of the upper plate 39 and the offset value h4 of the bottom 68, 69 of each of the upper cavities 66, 67 relative to the remainder of the upper face 14 of each beam element 2. For example, for the above values of e2 and h4, the value of e4 can be 10 mm.

  When the barrier 1 is assembled, each of the pins 47, 48 rests on the upper face 50 of the upper plate 39, around a respective orifice 42 thereof, by the shoulder 84, 85 of its head 86, 87 and, in view of the aforementioned dimensioning thereof, this head 86, 87 does not form any protrusion out of the corresponding upper cavity 66, 67, either in the direction of the height, with respect to the remainder of the upper face 14 of the two beam elements 2, or in the width direction, that is to say perpendicularly to the plane 6, as is also the case for the upper plate 39 and, as has been seen previously, the lower plate 38, so that the means 40 of mutual articulation of two beam-elements 2 do not form with respect to the general contour of the cross section of the latter no dangerous projection or offering taken to a tearing for example by direct impact of a vehicle.

  Between the upper end face 88, 89 and the lower end face 82, 83, each pin 47, 48 also has an overall length or length h5 which is such that when this pin 47, 48 rests on shoulder 84, 85 on the upper face 50 of the upper plate 39 resting itself flat on the bottom 68, 69 of the upper cavities 66, 67 of the two beam elements 2, the lower end face 82, 83 downward at the lowest point up to a coplanar extension, not shown, of the lower faces 7, that is to say at the lowest point until contact with the ground 8, and, preferably, remains situated slightly above it. ci, however sufficiently close thereto for the frustoconical outer circumferential face 80, 81 of the rod 76, 77 is fully located below the lower face 51 of the lower plate 38, inside a tubular wedge 53 respective, so that it is the outer face ext higher cylindrical 78, 79 of the rod 76, 77 which is engaged in the holes 41 of the bottom plate 38.

  For example, for this purpose, taking into account the aforementioned numerical values, the value of the overall height h5 may be 785 mm and the frustoconical outer peripheral face 80, 81 of each rod 76, 77 may advantageously have parallel to the axis 23, 24, between the lower end face 82, 83 and the cylindrical outer peripheral face 78, 79, a dimension or height h6 of 30 mm, for a diameter of 25 mm of the lower peripheral face 82, 83.

  Under these conditions, the mounting of a safety barrier 1 according to the invention, from elements-beams 2 prefabricated to include the various provisions previously indicated as well as lower connecting plates 38, upper connection plates 39 and of pins 47, 48 suitably made or selected, is carried out as follows.

  For example, as illustrated in FIG. 14, it will be assumed that one of the beam elements 2 is already laid flat on the ground 8, by its lower face 7, in its final position, under conditions such that that its front face 5 is free, while its opposite end face 4 may be free, for example if it is a beam-element 2 end of the barrier 1, or juxtaposed to a front face d another similar beam member to which the beam member 2 is hingably connected in accordance with the present invention, not shown.

  It will also be assumed that it is a question of setting up and connecting in an articulated manner another beam member 2 whose front face 4 is juxtaposed to the front face 5 of the beam element 2 already installed, orienting in a desired manner, its longitudinal plane of symmetry 6 with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 6 of the beam element 2 already installed.

  In a first step of the assembly, is engaged in the lower cavity 58 opening into the front face of the beam member 2 already installed about half of a lower connection plate 38 by resting it flat on the ground by the lower faces 54 of its two wedges 53 and at least approximately coinciding its mean plane 55 with the mean plane of symmetry 6 of the element 2 already installed. This insertion is continued until the lower plate 38 abuts against the shoulders 65 delimiting longitudinally the lower cavity 58, after which it may optionally be pulled a few millimeters out of it, which establishes an approximate coaxiality between the one of the orifices 41 of the plate 38 and the tubular passage 26 or the corresponding tube 28, while about one half of the lower plate 38, with the other orifice 41 thereof, remains unobstructed, protruding longitudinally out of the lower cavity 58 with respect to the central panel 19 of the front face 5.

  Then, by appropriately orienting the average plane 6 of the beam element 2 to be installed relative to the average plane 6 of the beam element 2 already installed, the front face 4 of the beam element 2 to be installed is presented. facing the front face 5 of the beam member 2 already installed, and engaging the lower cavity 57 of the end face 4 of the beam member 2 to be installed on the initially disengaged portion of the lower plate 38, the orifice 41 initially released is placed approximately coaxially with the tubular passage 25 or the tube 27. For this purpose, it is possible to move the beam element 2 to be installed, relative to the beam element 2 already installed, either by a longitudinal translation movement, parallel to the ground 8, either by a downward movement towards the ground 8, or by a movement combining these two movements, while the lower face 7 of this beam element 2 to be installed is parallel to the ground 8.

  During this installation, care is taken to approximately respect the clearance 22 between the two front faces 4 and 5.

  Then, on the bottom 69, 70, upper cavities 66, 67 contiguous to the end faces 4, 5 are juxtaposed together with an upper connection plate 39, by its lower face 52, under conditions such that each of its orifices 42 is placed approximately coaxially with a respective one, tubular passages 25, 26 or tubes 27, 28.

  Then, the pins 47, 48 are put in place in an indifferent order, in a manner to be described now.

  The rod 76 of the pin 47 is engaged, coaxially, by its frustoconical outer circumferential face 80, by an approximately coaxial translational downward movement, in that of the orifices 42 of the upper plate 39 which corresponds to the tubular passage 25 or to the tube 27, then in this tubular passage 25 or tube 27. The cooperation of the frustoconical outer peripheral face 80 with the orifice 22, then with the upper flaring 29 of the tubular passage 25, then with this tubular passage 25 itself or with the tube 27 gradually brings the orifice 22 to a coaxial relationship with the tubular passage 25 or with the tube 27, possibly with a sliding of the lower face 52 of the upper plate 39 on the bottom 68, 69 of the upper cavities 66, 67 When this downward movement of the pin 47 is such that the frustoconical outer peripheral face 80 thereof reaches the lower cavity 57, this peripheral face The outer frustoconical plate 80 engages in the respective aperture 41 of the lower plate 38 and, if necessary causing a sliding thereof on the ground 8 by the lower faces 54 of the wedges 53, gradually brings it into a coaxial relationship of the hole 41 in question with the tubular passage 25 or the tube 27, the coaxiality being obtained when it is the cylindrical outer peripheral face 78 of the rod 76 which engages in the orifice 41. The movement of descent of the pin 47 continues until its head 86 lies flat, by its shoulder 84, on the upper face of the upper plate 39 of connection, around the corresponding orifice 42, the end face 82 rod 76 then being slightly above the ground 8.

  The two connecting plates 38 and 39 are then hinged about the axis 23 with respect to the beam element 2 to be installed.

  The engagement of the other pin 48, by a downward coaxial movement, successively in the other orifice 42 of the upper plate 39, in the upper flare 30 of the tubular passage 26 of the beam member 2 installed previously, in this tubular passage 26 or in the tube 28 and in the other orifice 41 of the lower plate 38 is carried out exactly under the same conditions, with progressive coaxiality adjustments which can be facilitated by a rigorous initial positioning of the element- beam 2 to install relative to the element-beam 2 already installed, otherwise it may be necessary to adjust the position of the beam member 2 to install by sliding of its lower face 7 on the ground 8.

  Once the two pins 47, 48 put in place, under conditions such that their head 86, 87 lies flat by its shoulder 84, 85 on the upper face 50 of the upper plate 39, around a respective orifice 42, while this upper plate 39 rests itself flat by its face 52 on the bottoms 68, 69 of the cavities 66, 67, and that the end face 82, 83 of each of the pins 47, 48 is placed facing the ground 8 slightly above it but sufficiently below the lower plate 38 resting itself on the ground, flat, through the lower faces 54 of the wedges 53, each of the beam elements 2 is hinged on the two plates 38 and 39, respectively about the axis 23 and about the axis 24. These two axes 23 and 24 being mutually parallel, the two beam elements 2 and the two plates 38 and 39 which connect them mutually can behave like the links of a chain, and the game 22 assured between the central faces 18, 19 of the end faces 4, 5, aided by the bevelled conformation of these end faces 4, 5, allows an angular offset between the middle planes 6 of the two beam elements 2 thus connected, or to allow a laying of the barrier 1 along a curvilinear path, or to allow a localized inflection of the barrier 1 under the effect of an impact of a vehicle.

  The establishment and assembly of the various elements-beams 2 intended to constitute a barrier 1 5 can be carried out thus progressively, element-beam 2 by element-beam 2.

  Complete disassembly of a barrier 1 thus produced is easily effected, since it suffices to remove one by one the pins 47, 48, pulling them upwards, to free each other the beam elements 2, the lower plates 38 and the upper plates 39.

  It is also possible, particularly easily, to dismount a single beam element 2, or a group of beam elements 2 mutually adjacent by their end faces 4, 5, without having to disassemble, or even move , the elements-beams 2 neighbors.

  Indeed, if it is for example to dismount a single beam-element 2 interposed between two other elements-beams 2 that must be left in place, simply remove the two pins 47, 48 of this elementboutre 2 to disassemble, to rotate each of the upper plates 39 around the pin 47, 48 connecting it to the neighboring beam-element 2 which must remain in place, or to remove the upper plates 39 by also removing these pins associated with the elements-beams 2 neighbors, which completely releases the beam-element 2 to disassemble vis-à-vis an upward translation. It is therefore possible to separate this beam element 2 from the other beam elements 2, intended to remain in place in place by a simple lifting movement, which partially releases the lower plates 38 which assembled it to the two beam elements 2 neighbors.

  If it is simply a question of replacing the dismounted beam member 2, another beam element 2 can then be put in place by a downward movement in position while its lower face 7 is at least approximately parallel to the ground. 8, which causes the interlocking of its lower cavities 57 and 58 on the lower plates 38 remained in place, after which we put back the upper plates 39 and the pins 47, 48 to assemble the element-beam 2 replacement to the elements-beams 2 remained in place, which is performed without difficulty, under the same conditions as when it comes to assemble a single element-beam 2, which is installed, a beam-element 2 already installed.

  If, on the other hand, it is a question of provisionally arranging a passage through the barrier 1, all the pins 47, 48 and the plates 38, 39 which connect the dismounted beam member 2 to the beam elements are removed. 2 neighbors, it being understood that the subsequent replacement of the elementpoutre 2 disassembled assumes that we replace the lower plates 38 before replacing the beam-element 2 removed, which is performed by a descent movement between the two elements-beams 2 remained in place, after which we put back the upper plates 38 and the pins 47, 48, as previously described.

  A person skilled in the art will readily understand that the rusticity of the means 40 of mutual connection articulated between two adjacent beam members 2, namely the two lower plates 38 and upper connecting plate 39 and the pins 47, 48, cooperating with tubular passages 25 , 26 arranged directly inside the beam elements 2, these means 40 using a mutual assembly exclusively by gravity and suitable for wide dimensioning of their components, provides a high robustness of the assembly made, and at the same time a great ease and a great speed of assembly and disassembly when necessary, which allows both to ensure a high security in the event of impact of a vehicle and a possibility of easy development and of a provisional passage for the security services or to create a deviation, in the case of the use of a barrier according to the invention on a permanent basis, for example the along a central median as in the case of temporary use. The possibility of quick and easy assembly and disassembly is also an advantage in case of temporary use.

  This hardiness also implies a great simplicity of manufacture, that is to say a manufacturing economy all the more appreciable that it is accompanied by the aforementioned advantages.

  The number of components that it is necessary to manufacture and maintain in stock to achieve a barrier 1 according to the invention is further reduced since it is limited to the elements-beams 2 themselves, to the pins 47, 48, all identical, the lower connecting plates 38, all identical, and the upper plates 39 connection, all all identical.

  However, it is understood that the mode of implementation of the invention which has just been described is only a non-limiting example, in particular as regards the general shape of the beam element 2, the realization of its possible reinforcements, as well as the nature of the conformation of the means 40 ensuring the mutual articulation of two adjacent elements-beams 2 about axes parallel to each other. When these means 40 are constituted as indicated, it is understood that the dimensions indicated are only non-limiting examples, just as the shapes and dimensions which have been indicated for the elements-beams 2 do not constitute that non-limiting examples.

Claims (48)

  1. A method for producing a safety barrier (1) for a road lane, comprising depositing end-to-end on the ground (8), according to a chosen path, longitudinal beams-elements (2), prefabricated in particular made of reinforced concrete, which is placed in stable support on the ground (8), independently of one another, by a respective lower longitudinal face (7), and which is juxtaposed with each other by transverse frontal faces (4, 5) respectively, and to connect the adjacent beam elements (2) in pairs in an articulated manner, leaving them free with respect to the ground (8), to allow the use of the same beam elements (2). both in the case of a curvilinear shape of said pattern as in the case of a rectilinear form thereof, on the one hand, and a localized inflection of the barrier (1) produced by sliding of at least some elements -beams (2) on the ground (8), under the impact of a vehicle, without breaking the barrier (1) between them, on the other hand, characterized in that two adjacent beam elements (2) are connected by mutual articulation about two axes (23, 24) perpendicular to the ground (8) and free from thereto, each of which is fixed relative to a respective one of these two beam members (2) and longitudinally recessed relative to a corresponding front face (4, 5) by which this beam member (2) is juxtaposed to the other of these two elements-beams (2), a distance (d2) small compared to half the longitudinal dimension or length (L1) of each element-beam (2) between its front faces (4, 5) and such that, in the case of a rectilinear pattern, the front faces (4, 5) of mutual juxtaposition of these two beam elements (2) are mutually spaced, longitudinally, of a longitudinal distance (dl) negligible in comparison with said length (L1) of each beam-element (2).   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that two adjacent beam elements (2) are connected by means (40) ensuring a fixed mutual spacing (d3) between the respective articulation axes (23, 24). mutual.   3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that one prefabricates each beam element (2) by arranging therein each of the axes (23, 24) of mutual articulation a through tubular passage (25, 26), integrally placed in longitudinal recess with respect to the corresponding front face (4, 5), and in that two adjacent elements (2) are connected by engaging, in that of the tubular passages (25, 26) of each of them which corresponds to the respective axis (23, 24) of mutual articulation, a respective pin (47, 48) which is also engaged, in an upper zone (45, 46) and in a lower zone (43, 44). of these two beam elements (2), in a respective coaxial orifice (42) of an upper connecting plate (39) and in a respective coaxial orifice (41) of a lower connection plate (38), the plate upper (39) connection (38) and the lower connection plate having, perpendicular to each one of the respective axes of mutual articulation (23, 24) of respective small dimensions (L2, L3, 15, 16) with respect to said length (L1) of each beam member (2) and each pin (47, 48). ) being free to rotate about the respective hinge axis (23, 24) relative to the corresponding beam-member (2) respectively and / or with respect to the upper (39) and lower (38) plates of connection and being free from the ground (8).   4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one freely engages each pin (47, 48) in the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) and in the corresponding coaxial orifices (42, 41) of an upper plate connection piece (39) and a lower connection plate (38), and that it is left engaged by gravity.   5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that each pin (47, 48) is chosen so that it has a head (86, 87) adapted to rest by gravity on the upper connection plate (39). ) and a length (h5) such that it extends at most to the ground (8) when said head (86, 87) rests by gravity on the upper connection plate (39).   6. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that one arranges each tubular passage (25, 26) in the form of a respective tube (27, 28) that is embedded in the beam element (2) corresponding prefabricating thereof.   7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the tubes (27, 28) of the two tubular passages (25, 26) of each beam member (2) are connected together by longitudinal reinforcing rods ( 31) that is embedded in this beam element (2) by prefabricating it.   8. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that there is arranged around each tubular passage (25, 26) of each beam element (2) longitudinal reinforcing pins (32, 33 ) each of which surrounds the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) towards the corresponding front face (4, 5) and the reinforcing pins (32, 33) corresponding to the two tubular passages (25, 26) are interconnected therebetween of each beam member (2) by longitudinal reinforcing rods (31) embedded in this beam member (2), and the reinforcing pins (32, 33), prefabricating the same .   9. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that it is based on each lower connection plate (38) on the floor (8).   10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that each beam element (2) is prefabricated so that its lower face (7) has a generally planar shape and by arranging in this lower face (7), at the connection thereof to each end face (4, 5), a respective lower cavity (57, 58) for receiving a corresponding part of the lower connection plate (38), each lower cavity (57, 58). surrounding a respective hinge axis (23, 24) being open towards the corresponding front face (4, 5) but closed upwards by a plane bottom (59, 60) which is parallel to the lower face (7) of the beam member (2) and offset therefrom by a distance (h3) at least equal to the dimension or thickness (el) of the lower connection plate (38), measured parallel to the mutual axis of articulation (23, 24) and into which the tubular passage (25, 2 6) corresponding, each lower cavity (57, 58) having a shape and dimensions in plan (L4, 17) as it receives said portion of the lower connection plate (38) in a functional play (74, 75 relative rotation axis about the respective mutual articulation axis (23, 24) at least equal to that necessary to allow bending of the barrier (1) under conditions such that the corresponding front face ( 4, 5) abuts locally against a front face (4, 5) of a neighboring beam element (2).   11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that: - each lower connection plate (38) is placed on the ground (8) by means of wedging means (53) keeping it parallel to that said distance (h3) whose bottom (59, 60) of the lower cavities (57, 58) of each beam element (2) is offset relative to the lower face (7) thereof. less than the size or cumulative thickness (h2) of each lower connection plate (38) and setting means (53) associated therewith, measured parallel to the respective mutual articulation axis (23, 24) and each pin (47, 48) of a length (h5) is selected such that, when engaged in a tubular passage (25, 26) of a beam member (2) and in coaxial orifices (42, 41) of an upper connecting plate (39) and a lower connection plate (38), it projects under the lower plate of flanking (38) at most to a coplanar geometric extension of the underside of the beam member (2).   12. The method of claim 10, characterized in that one chooses as means (53) for setting each lower connection plate (38) two tubular shims (53) which is arranged coaxially with orifices (41). this one and that one solidarise with this one.   13. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that it is based on each upper connection plate (39) on the two beam elements (2) it connects.   14. The method of claim 13, characterized in that one prefabricates each beam element (2) so that it has a longitudinal upper face (14) and, in this upper face (14), the connection it at each end face (4, 5), a respective upper cavity (66, 67) for receiving a corresponding part of the upper connection plate (39), each upper cavity (66, 67) surrounding an axis with respective mutual articulation (23, 24) being open towards the corresponding front face (4,5) but closed downwards by a plane bottom (68, 69) which is parallel to the lower face (7) of the element-beam (2) and offset from the upper face (14) thereof by a distance (h4) at least equal to the dimension or thickness (e2) of the upper plate (39), measured parallel to the respective hinge axis (23, 24), into which the tubular passage (25, 26) opens, corresponds to nt, each upper cavity (66, 67) having a shape and dimensions in plan (L5, 1 $) such that it receives said part of the upper connection plate (39) respecting a functional clearance (72, 73) at the relative rotation about the respective hinge axis (23, 24), at least equal to that necessary to allow bending of the barrier (1) under conditions such that the front face (4, 5) locally abuts against a front face (4, 5) of a neighboring beam-element (2).   15. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it prefabricates each beam element (2) so that its front faces (4, 5) are convex in a plan view.   16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that each beam element (2) is prefabricated so that it has a mean transverse plane (9) of symmetry, with respect to which the two respective axes of mutual articulation (23, 24) are mutually symmetrical.   Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that each beam element (2) is prefabricated so that it has a mean longitudinal plane (6) of symmetry, including both axes. respective mutual articulation (23, 24).   18. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that each beam element (2) is prefabricated so that it has a cross section whose dimension or width (11r 13, 12) , measured parallel to the lower face (7), decreases from bottom to top.   19. Roadway safety barrier, comprising longitudinal beam elements (2), prefabricated in particular of reinforced concrete, placed end to end on the ground (8), along a chosen path, placed in a stable support on the ground. ground (8), independently of one another, by a respective lower longitudinal face (7), and juxtaposed mutually by respective front transverse faces (4, 5), the adjacent beam elements (2) being connected two in two in an articulated manner, remaining free from the ground (8), to allow the use of the same elements-beams (2) both in the case of a curvilinear shape of said path as in the case of a shape rectilinear of the latter, on the one hand, and a localized inflection of the barrier (1) made by sliding at least some elements-beams (2) on the ground (8), under the effect of an impact of a vehicle, without breaking the barrier (1) between them, on the other hand, characterized in e that two adjacent beam elements (2) are connected by mutual articulation about two axes (23, 24) perpendicular to the ground (8) and free with respect thereto, each of which is fixed relative to the one, respective of these two beam elements (2) and placed longitudinally recessed with respect to a corresponding front face (4, 5) by which this beam element (2) is juxtaposed to the other of these two beam elements ( 2), of a distance (d2) which is small relative to half of the longitudinal dimension or length (L1) of each beam member (2) between its end faces (4, 5) and such that, in the case of a rectilinear pattern, the front faces (4, 5) of mutual juxtaposition of these two beam elements (2) are mutually spaced, longitudinally, a longitudinal distance (dl) negligible in comparison with said length (L1) of each beam-element (2).   20. Barrier according to claim 19, characterized in that two adjacent beam elements (2) are connected by means (40) providing a fixed mutual spacing (d3) between the respective axes (23, 24) of mutual articulation.   21. Barrier according to claim 20, characterized in that each beam element (2) comprises in each of the axes (23, 24) of mutual articulation a through tubular passage (25, 26), fully set back longitudinally relative to at the corresponding front face (4, 5), and in that two adjacent beam elements (2) are connected by engagement, in that of the tubular passages (25, 26) of each of them corresponding to the respective axis (23, 24) of a respective pin (47, 48) which is also engaged, in an upper zone (45, 46) and in a lower zone (43, 44) of these two beam elements (2) in a respective coaxial orifice (42) of an upper connection plate (39) and in a respective coaxial orifice (41) of a lower connection plate (38), the upper connection plate (39). and the lower connection plate (38) having, perpendicular to each of the axes of a respective respective dimensions (L2, L3, 15, 16) relative to said length (L1) of each beam member (2) and each pin (47, 48) being free to rotate. around the respective hinge axis (23, 24) relative to the corresponding beam-member (2) respectively and / or with respect to the upper (39) and lower (38) connection plates and being free by ground ratio (8).   Barrier according to Claim 21, characterized in that each pin (47, 48) is freely engaged in the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) and in the corresponding coaxial orifices (42, 41) of a connecting top plate. and a lower connection plate (38), and remains engaged by gravity.   23. Barrier according to claim 22, characterized in that each pin (47, 48) has a head (86, 87) resting by gravity on the upper connection plate (39) and a length (h5) as it s extends at most to the ground (8).   24. Barrier according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that each tubular passage (25, 26) is constituted by a respective tube (27, 28) embedded in the corresponding beam member (2).   25. Barrier according to claim 24, characterized in that the tubes (27, 28) of the two tubular passages (25, 26) of each beam element (2) are interconnected by longitudinal reinforcing rods (31). embedded in this beam element (2).   26. Barrier according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that it comprises around each tubular passage (25, 26) of each beam element (2) longitudinal reinforcing pins (32, 33). each of which surrounds the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) to the corresponding end face (4, 5), the reinforcing pins (32, 33) corresponding to the two tubular passages (25, 26) of each beam member (2 ) being interconnected by longitudinal reinforcing rods (31) embedded in this beam element (2), as well as the reinforcing pins (32, 33).   Barrier according to any one of Claims 21 to 26, characterized in that each lower connection plate (38) rests on the ground (8) - 28. Barrier according to claim 27, characterized in that the lower face (7) of each beam element (2) has a generally planar shape and comprises, at its connection to each end face (4, 5), a lower cavity respectively {57, 58) receiving a corresponding part of the lower connection plate (38), each lower cavity (57, 58) surrounding a respective mutual hinge axis (23, 24) being open towards the face corresponding front end (4, 5) but closed upwards by a plane bottom (59, 60) which is parallel to and offset from the lower face (7) of the beam member (2); a distance (h3) at least equal to the dimension or thickness (el) of the lower connection plate (38), measured parallel to the respective mutual articulation axis (23, 24), and into which the tubular passage opens (25, 26) corresponding, each lower cavity (57, 58) having a shape and s planar dimensions (L4, 17) as it receives said portion of the lower connection plate (38) respecting a functional clearance (74, 75), the relative rotation about the axis of mutual articulation ( 23, 24), at least equal to that necessary to allow bending of the barrier (1) under conditions such that the corresponding front face (4, 5) abuts locally against a front face (4, 5) a neighboring beam-element (2).   Barrier according to Claim 28, characterized in that each lower connection plate (38) rests on the ground (8) via wedging means (53) keeping it parallel to the latter, distance (h3) whose bottom (59, 60) of the lower cavities (57, 58) of each beam-element (2) is offset relative to the lower face (7) thereof is at least equal to the dimension or cumulative thickness (h2) of each lower connection plate (38) and setting means (55) associated therewith, measured parallel to the respective hinge axis (23, 24), and - each pin (47, 48) has a length (h5) such that, when engaged in a tubular passage (25, 26) of a beam member (2) and in coaxial orifices (42, 41) of a upper connection plate (39) and a lower connecting plate (38), it projects under the lower connection plate (38) at most up to a coplanar geometric extension of the lower face (7) of the beam element (2).   30. Barrier according to claim 29, characterized in that the means (53) for wedging each lower connecting plate (38) are constituted by two tubular wedges (153 coaxial with the orifices (41) thereof and integral with that -this.   31. Barrier according to any one of claims 21 to 30, characterized in that each upper connecting plate (39) rests on the two beam elements (2) it connects.   Barrier according to claim 31, characterized in that each beam element (2) has a longitudinal upper face (14) and, in this upper face (14), to the connection thereof to each end face (4, 5), a respective upper cavity (66, 67) for receiving a corresponding part of the upper connection plate (39), each upper cavity (66, 67) surrounding a respective mutual articulation axis (23, 24). , being open towards the corresponding front face (4, 5) but closed downwards by a plane bottom (68, 69) which is parallel to the lower face (7) of the beam member (2) and offset relative to at the upper face (14) thereof by a distance (d4) at least equal to the dimension or thickness (e2) of the upper plate (39), measured parallel to the mutual articulation axis (23, 24), and into which the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) opens, each upper cavity (66, 6) 7) having a shape and dimensions in plan (L5, 18) such that it receives said part of the upper connection plate (39) respecting a functional clearance (72, 73), relative rotation around the mutual articulation axis (23, 24), at least equal to that necessary to allow bending of the barrier (1) under conditions such that the corresponding front face (4, 5) abuts locally against a face front (4, 5) of a neighboring beam-element (2).   Barrier according to any one of claims 19 to 32, characterized in that the end faces (4, 5) of each element (2) are convex in a plan view.   34. Barrier according to any one of claims 19 to 33, characterized in that each beam element (2) has a mean transverse plane (9) of symmetry, with respect to which the two respective axes of mutual articulation (23, 24) are mutually symmetrical.   Barrier according to any one of claims 19 to 34, characterized in that each beam element (2) has a mean longitudinal plane (6) of symmetry, including the two respective axes of mutual articulation (23, 24). .   36. Barrier according to any one of claims 19 to 35, characterized in that each beam element (2) has a cross section whose dimension or width (11, 13r 12), measured parallel to the lower face (7) , decreases from the bottom up.   37. Longitudinal beam element, prefabricated in particular of reinforced concrete, intended for the realization of a safety barrier (1) for a traffic lane 15 and having a lower longitudinal face (7) capable of being supported in a stable manner. on the floor (8), two front transverse faces (4, 5) of juxtaposition with other similar beam-elements (2), and means (40) of articulation link with the latter, characterized in that the means ( 40) of articulated connection define two axes of mutual articulation (23, 24) perpendicular to the lower face (7) of the beam member (2), fixed relative thereto, and placed longitudinally recessed relative to at a corresponding front face (4, 5) with a distance (d2) of about half the longitudinal dimension or length (L1) of the beam member (2) between its end faces (4, 5 ).   38. Beam element according to claim 37, characterized in that it comprises in each of the mutual axes of articulation (23, 24) a tubular passage (25, 26) through, fully set back longitudinally with respect to the face front (4, 5).   39. Beam element according to claim 38, characterized in that each tubular passage (25, 26) is smooth internally.   40. Beam element according to any one of claims 38 and 39, characterized in that each tubular passage (25, 26) is constituted by a respective tube (27, 28) embedded in the beam element (2).   41. Beam element according to claim 40, characterized in that the tubes (27, 28) of the two tubular passages (25, 26) are interconnected by longitudinal reinforcing rods (31) embedded in the element- beam (2).   42. Beam element according to any one of claims 38 to 41, characterized in that it comprises around each tubular passage (25, 26) longitudinal reinforcing pins (32, 33) each of which surrounds the tubular passage (25, 26) corresponding to the corresponding front face (4, 5), the reinforcing pins (32, 33) corresponding to the two tubular passages (25, 26) being interconnected by longitudinal reinforcing rods (31, 26). embedded in the beam element, as well as the reinforcing pins (32, 33).   43. Beam element according to any one of claims 38 to 42, characterized in that its lower face (7) has a generally planar shape and comprises, at its connection to each end face (4, 5), a lower cavity (57, 58) respectively surrounding a respective hinge axis (23, 24), open towards the corresponding front face (4, 5) but closed upwards by a plane bottom (59, 60) which is parallel to the lower face (7) of the beam element (2) and into which the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) opens.   44. Beam element according to any one of claims 38 to 43, characterized in that it has a longitudinal upper face (14) and, in this upper face (14), the connection thereof to each end face. (4, 5), a respective upper cavity (66, 67), each upper cavity (66, 67) surrounding a respective hinge axis (23, 24) being open towards the corresponding front face (4, 5). but closed downwards by a plane bottom (68, 69) which is parallel to the lower face (7) of the beam member (2) and into which the corresponding tubular passage (25, 26) opens.   45. Beam element according to any one of claims 37 to 44, characterized in that its end faces (4, 5) are convex in a plan view.   46. Beam element according to any one of claims 37 to 45, characterized in that it has a mean transverse plane (9) of symmetry, relative to which the two axes of mutual articulation (23, 24) are mutually symmetrical.   47. Beam element according to any one of claims 37 to 46, characterized in that it has a mean longitudinal plane (6) of symmetry, including the two axes of mutual articulation (23, 24).   48. Beam element according to any one of claims 37 to 47, characterized in that it has a cross section whose dimension or width (11r 13, 12), measured parallel to the lower face (7), decreases by bottom up.