FR2843540A1 - Transparent composition for external application comprising a volatile hydrocarbon, non-ionic surfactant and hexylene glycol, useful for skin cleansing or make-up removal - Google Patents

Abstract

A rinsable auto-emulsifiable composition for treatment of the skin comprises a mixture of hexylene glycol, a volatile hydrocarbon and a non-ionic surfactant.

Description

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The present invention relates to a transparent composition for topical application, comprising at least one oil, at least one nonionic surfactant and hexylene glycol, and its use especially for removing make-up or cleaning the skin.

The removal of makeup from the skin is very important for the care of the face. It must be as efficient as possible because fatty residues such as excess sebum, the remains of daily cosmetics and make-up products, accumulate in skin folds and on the surface of the skin, and they can clog the pores of the skin and cause the appearance of pimples.

Poor make-up and cleansing, and particularly poor rinsing, are often responsible for other causes, such as a cloudy complexion.

Nowadays, consumers demand that makeup products have an increasingly long-lasting hold: waterproof mascaras, long-lasting and non-transferable foundation, lipsticks that hold all day, and to remove these products , it is necessary to use more and more effective formulations, which make it possible to clean the skin while respecting it, that is to say without attacking it. In addition, it is increasingly sought to use transparent compositions, because, just like water, transparency is the symbol of purity and therefore cleanliness, and transparent compositions are thus particularly appreciated by users.

Oily compositions are known for their effectiveness as a cleanser and / or makeup remover. They make it possible to easily dissolve lipophilic stains and make-up, in particular waterproof and transfer-free makeup, which are reputed to be difficult to remove. Thus, it is possible to use, for example, a hydrocarbon-based volatile oil such as isododecane, which is often used in makeup removal products because it has a very good makeup-removing power. These compositions are generally transparent.

However, the use of an oily composition is not always free of drawbacks, especially because such a composition leaves on the skin, an oily feel after use, which is unpleasant for the user. In addition, the use of volatile oil such as isododecane, in high concentration, leaves on the skin a feeling of tugging and dryness, especially unpleasant if the composition is used by users with dry skin.

To limit the oily feel after makeup removal, it is known to incorporate in these oily compositions, surfactants and especially nonionic surfactants, as described for example in JP94099275 and JP2977568. Due to the presence of surfactant, the transparent compositions obtained according to these documents are self-emulsifiable, that is to say that by mixing with a little rinse water, they will form an emulsion on the skin. Thus, these compositions can easily be rinsed with water despite their oily nature, and the fact of being able to rinse the product with water helps both to

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 dissolve the water-soluble make-up and eliminate greasy residues, while avoiding leaving an oily touch on the skin.

However, the sensation of tightness and dryness is frequently maintained even in the presence of surfactants, and the rinsability of these compositions leave something to be desired.

There is therefore still a need for an oily make-up and / or skin cleansing composition that is effective and has a good rinsing quality, while having a good ocular and cutaneous tolerance, and while remaining transparent because it is important that the additives possibly added to provide softness and avoid this tightness do not affect the transparency of the composition.

The applicant has found, surprisingly, that the introduction of hexylene glycol makes it possible to obtain an oily composition which remains transparent while being soft on the skin, without leaving an uncomfortable sensation of dryness and while keeping an identical makeup-removing power, indeed higher than that of volatile oil alone. In addition, this composition rinses very well.

Of course, it is known from JP2002114623 compositions containing oils, surfactants and polyols. However, the Applicant has found that only hexylene glycol achieves the object of the invention, that is to say have a composition which cleans well and contains volatile hydrocarbon oils, while being transparent. The other polyols affect the transparency of the composition and give a hazy composition.

Thus, the present invention relates to a topical, substantially anhydrous, topical application comprising hexylene glycol, at least one volatile hydrocarbon oil, and at least one nonionic surfactant.

This composition is transparent and constitutes a rinsable composition. It is self-emulsifiable and is especially useful for removing makeup and cleansing the skin.

The composition according to the invention being intended for topical application, it contains a physiologically acceptable medium, that is to say compatible with the skin, the mucous membranes, the hair and the scalp.

The word transparent means that the composition has a turbidity less than or equal to 500 NTU. NTUs (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) are the units of measurement for the turbidity of a composition. The turbidity measurement can be made for example with a model 2100P turbidimeter from the company HACH Compagny, the tubes used for the measurement being referenced AR397A cat 24347-06. The measurements are carried out at ambient temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.). The transparency of a composition can be measured either by the transmittance coefficient at 600 nm or by turbidity. The composition of the invention has a coefficient of

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 transmittance at 600 nm ranging from 10 to 90% or turbidity ranging from 2 to 500 NTU, and preferably from 5 to 300 NTU.

Furthermore, the term "substantially anhydrous" in the present application, a composition containing no or little water, in particular containing less than 10% by weight of water and preferably less than 5% by weight of water by relative to the total weight of the composition. The amount of water in the composition may thus range from 0 to 10%, preferably from 0 to 5% of the total weight of the composition and better still from 0 to 3% of the total weight of the composition.

The substantially anhydrous composition of the invention is in the form of a liquid and has a density of 0.8 +/- 0.1, measured at 25 ° C. with a density measuring apparatus, such as the apparatus METTLER TOLEDO, Model DA-100M, MF GNo RBC71870.

As indicated below in the example, the incorporation of hexylene glycol makes it possible to improve both the rinsing of a composition containing a volatile hydrocarbon oil, while maintaining the transparency of said composition.

 Also, another subject of the invention is the use of hexylene glycol for improving the rinsing of a substantially anhydrous, topical, transparent composition containing at least one volatile hydrocarbon oil and at least one nonionic surfactant.

Hexylene glycol Hexylene glycol may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, and better still from 1 to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Oils The total amount of oil (s) in the composition of the invention may range, for example, from 60 to 95% by weight, preferably from 70 to 95% by weight, and more preferably from 80 to 95% by weight relative to to the total weight of the composition.

The composition contains at least one volatile hydrocarbon oil.

By "volatile oil" is meant an oil (or non-aqueous medium) capable of evaporating on contact with the skin in less than one hour, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The volatile oil is a volatile cosmetic oil which is liquid at ambient temperature (25 ° C.), in particular having a non-zero vapor pressure, at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, in particular having a vapor pressure ranging from 0.13 Pa to 40,000 Pa (10-3 to 300 mmHg), and preferably ranging from 1.3 Pa to 13,000 Pa (0.01 to 100 mmHg), and preferably ranging from 1.3 Pa to 1300 Pa ( 0.01 to 10 mmHg).

In addition, the volatile oil generally has a boiling point, measured at atmospheric pressure, ranging from 150 ° C. to 260 ° C., and preferably ranging from 170 ° C. to 250 ° C.

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The term "hydrocarbon-based oil" means an oil formed essentially or even consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and possibly oxygen, nitrogen, and not containing a silicon or fluorine atom; it may contain ester, ether, amine or amide groups.

The volatile hydrocarbon oils that may be used in the invention may be chosen from hydrocarbon-based oils having a flash point ranging from 40 ° C. to 102 ° C., preferably ranging from 40 ° C. to 55 ° C., and preferably ranging from 40 ° C. to 50 ° C.

Hydrocarbon volatile oils that may be mentioned include, for example, volatile hydrocarbon oils having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, and in particular C8-C16 branched alkanes such as C8-C16 isoalkanes (also known as isoparaffins), isododecane, isodecane, isohexadecane, such as for example the isoparaffins sold under the trade names Isopar by the company Exxon Chemical or the oils sold under the trade names Permethyl by the company Presperse; branched C8-C16 esters such as isohexyl neopentanoate; and their mixtures. Preferably, the volatile hydrocarbon oil added is chosen from isoparaffins, isododecane, isodecane, isohexadecane and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the volatile hydrocarbon oil is isododecane.

The volatile hydrocarbon oil (s) may represent all the oil or some of the oils present in the composition. The amount of volatile hydrocarbon oil (s) may range, for example, from 2 to 95% by weight, preferably from 5 to 50% by weight, and better still from 10 to 40% by weight relative to total weight of the composition.

The composition may further comprise one or more other volatile or non-volatile oils.

Other oils that can be used in the composition of the invention include, for example: hydrocarbon oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; hydrocarbon oils of plant origin, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, for example triglycerides of heptanoic or octanoic acids, or else, for example, sweet almond, sunflower, corn, soy, squash, grape seed, sesame, hazelnut, apricot, macadamia, arara, sunflower, castor oil, avocado, triglycerides of caprylic / capric acids such as those sold by Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol 810,812 and 818 by Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil, shea butter oil; esters and synthetic ethers, in particular fatty acid esters and ethers, such as the oils of formulas R1COOR2 and R1OR2 in which R1 represents the residue of a fatty acid containing from 8 to 29 carbon atoms, and R2 represents a hydrocarbon chain, branched or unbranched, containing from 3 to 30

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 carbon atoms, for example fatty acid esters such as isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate (or octyl palmitate) , octyl-2-dodecyl stearate, octyl-2-dodecyl erucate, isostearyl isostearate, 2-ethylhexyl myristate (or octyl myristate), ethyl laurate , methyl myristate, octyldodecyl octanoate, ethyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl octanoate, 2-ethylhexyl caprate / caprylate, methyl palmitate, butyl myristate, isobutyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, isohexyl laurate, hexyl laurate, isopropyl isostearate, benzoic acid ester and C12-C15 alcohols (CTFA name: C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate); hydroxylated esters such as isostearyl lactate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecyl hydroxystearate, diisostearyl malate, triisocetyl citrate, heptanoates, octanoates, decanoates of fatty alcohols; polyol esters, such as propylene glycol dioctanoate, neopentyl glycol diheptanoate and diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and pentaerythritol esters such as pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as non-volatile or non-volatile paraffin oils, and derivatives thereof, petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam oil; fatty alcohols having from 8 to 26 carbon atoms, such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and their mixture (cetearyl alcohol), octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleic alcohol or linoleic alcohol; alkoxylated and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as oleth-12 or ceteareth-20; partially fluorinated hydrocarbon oils and / or silicone oils such as those described in document JP-A-2-295912. As fluorinated oils, mention may also be made of perfluoromethylcyclopentane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, sold under the names "FLUTEC PC1" and "FLUTEC PC3" by BNFL Fluorochemicals; perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane; perfluoroalkanes such as dodecafluoropentane and tetradecafluorohexane, sold under the names "PF 5050" and "PF 5060" by the company 3M, or bromoperfluorooctyl sold under the name "Foralkyl" by the company Atochem; nonafluoromethoxybutane sold under the name "MSX 4518" by the company 3M and nonafluoroethoxyisobutane; perfluoromorpholine derivatives, such as 4-trifluoromethyl perfluoromorpholine sold under the name "PF 5052" by the company 3M; silicone oils such as volatile or non-volatile polymethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) with a linear or cyclic silicone chain, which are liquid or pasty at room temperature, in particular cyclopolydimethylsiloxanes (cyclomethicones) such as cyclohexasiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane; polydimethylsiloxanes comprising alkyl, alkoxy or phenyl groups, during or at the end of the silicone chain, groups having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms; phenyl silicones such as phenyltrimethicones, phenyldimethicones, phenyltrimethylsiloxydiphenylsiloxanes, diphenyl-dimethicones, diphenylmethyldiphenyltrisiloxanes, 2-phenylethyltrimethylsiloxysilicates, and polymethylphenylsiloxanes; - their mixtures.

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According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises, in addition to the volatile hydrocarbon oils, one or more oils chosen from esters and ethers of fatty acids, oils of vegetable origin, and mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, the composition contains, as oils other than volatile hydrocarbon oils, (1) at least one vegetable oil chosen from the oils of sweet almond, sunflower, corn, soya, squash, pomace, grapes, sesame, hazelnut, apricot, macadamia, arara, sunflower, castor oil, avocado, caprylic / capric acid triglycerides, jojoba oil, shea butter oil and (2) at least one fatty acid ester selected from isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, octyl stearate, and 2-dodecyl, octyl-2-dodecyl erucate, isostearyl isostearate, 2-ethylhexyl myristate, ethyl laurate, methyl myristate, octyldodecyl octanoate, ethyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl octanoate, 2-ethylhexyl caprate / caprylate, methyl palmitate, butyl myristate, isobutyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, isohexyl laurate, hexyl laurate, isopropyl isostearate, benzoic acid ester and C12-C15 alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

Surfactants The composition contains at least one nonionic surfactant. This surfactant generally has an HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) ranging from 5 to 15, more preferably from 6 to 12 and more preferably from 7 to 11. The surfactants used must be soluble in the oily phase. The amount of surfactant (s) may range, for example, from 2 to 30% by weight and preferably from 4 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

As nonionic surfactants that can be used in the composition of the invention, mention may be made, for example, of fatty acid esters of polyols and their oxyalkylenated and especially oxyethylenated derivatives; ethers of fatty alcohols and polyols, and their oxyalkylenated and especially oxyethylenated derivatives, and mixtures thereof. The oxyalkylenated fatty acid and polyol esters and the oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol and polyol ethers contain at least 3 oxyalkylenated groups, preferably at least 5 oxyalkylenated groups and better still at least 8 oxyalkylenated groups, for example from 3 to 150 groups. oxyalkylenated and in particular oxyethylenated, preferably from 5 to 100 oxyalkylenated and especially oxyethylenated groups, and better still from 8 to 60 oxyalkylenated and especially oxyethylenated groups.

As surfactants of this type, mention may be made more particularly of: oxyethylenated or non-oxyethylenated, preferably oxyethylenated fatty acid and sorbitan esters such as (CTFA name) Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 85, PEG-5 Sorbitan Isostearate, PEG- Sorbitan Triisostearate, PEG-20 Sorbitan Isostearate, PEG-40 Sorbitan Septaoleate, PEG-20 Sorbitan Tetraoleate, PEG-20 Sorbitan Trioleate; oxyethylenated fatty acid esters of glyceryl or not, preferably oxyethylenated, such as PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate sold for example by the company Cognis under the name EUMULGIN and by the company Nihon Emulsion under the names EMALEX GWIS-305. and EMALEX GWIS-320EX

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 (CTFA name: PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate); and PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate (CTFA name: PEG-7 Glyceryl cocoate) for example marketed by Cognis under the name CETIOL HE; fatty acid and polyglyceryl esters such as (CTFA name) Polyglyceryl-3 Triisostearate, Polyglyceryl-10 Diisostearate, Polyglyceryl-6 Isostearate, Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate, Polyglyceryl-10 Trioleate, Polyglyceryl-10 Trilaurate; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol such as (CTFA name) PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-6 Oleate, PEG-6 Isostearate, PEG-12 Isostearate, PEG-12 Diisostearate, PEG-8 Isostearate, PEG-8 Diisostearate, PEG-10 Isostearate; ethers of polyoxyethylenated and / or polyoxypropylenated fatty alcohols, for example ceteareth-12 and ceteareth-20 (CTFA name), as well as mixtures containing them, such as the mixture sold under the name Emulgade CM by the company Henkel ( mixture of cetearyl isononanoate, ceteareth-20, cetearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, ceteareth-12 and cetyl palmitate) - and mixtures thereof.

Surfactants having an HLB greater than 15 may also be used, provided that one or more other surfactants are added so that the HLB of the mixture ranges from 5 to 15. Thus, PEG-40 Stearate can be used. HLB 16.9) mixed with another surfactant such as the mixture has an HLB of 5 to 15.

Among the surfactants described above, use is preferably made in the composition of the invention of a surfactant chosen from di- or tri-fatty acid esters of C 14 -C 30 having at least 3 oxyethylenated groups, and preferably C 16 -C 22 , comprising at least 8 oxyethylenated groups, and mixtures thereof.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant used is an oxyethylenated fatty acid and glyceryl ester, preferably an oxyethylenated stearic acid and glyceryl ester containing from 8 to 60 oxyethylenated groups. The preferred surfactant is PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate (PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate).

Adjuvants The composition according to the invention may furthermore comprise adjuvants conventionally used in the cosmetic or dermatological fields.

It may contain in particular at least one adjuvant chosen from antioxidants, chelators, perfumes, UV filters, dyestuffs, hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents, preservatives, lipid vesicles which may optionally encapsulate one or more active agents, or any other ingredient usually used in cosmetics or dermatology, and mixtures thereof, to the extent that these adjuvants do not affect the properties of this composition, and in particular transparency.

The amounts of the various constituents of the compositions according to the invention are those conventionally used in the fields under consideration. Of course, these adjuvants must be of nature and used in such a quantity that they do not disturb

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 not the composition according to the invention. The amount of these adjuvants may range, for example, from 0.01 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

The adjuvants may be chosen in particular from lipophilic active agents such as vitamins and especially vitamin E (tocopherol).

As active agents, there may be mentioned, for example, the antiseborrhoeic active agents which make it possible to clean up the excess of sebum on the skin, and the antimicrobial agents which remove from the skin the microorganisms that may be present therein, and the mixtures of these active agents.

The compositions according to the invention have a very good rinsability. They may be used in particular in the cosmetic or dermatological fields, and constitute a cosmetic composition for cleaning or removing make-up from the skin, the scalp and / or the hair, for example a product for cleaning and / or removing makeup from the skin , a scrubbing product and / or an exfoliating product for the skin. They may more particularly constitute a composition for cleaning or removing makeup from the skin.

Another subject of the invention consists in the cosmetic use of a cosmetic composition as defined above, as a product for cleaning and / or removing makeup from the skin, and / or as a scrub and / or exfoliating product for the skin.

The compositions according to the invention can be used in two ways: # the first use consists in spreading the composition in the hands, applying it on the face or on the body then massaging it in the presence of water to develop the emulsion directly on the face or body.

 # the other possible use of this type of product is to develop the emulsion in the palms of the hands before applying it on the face or the body.

In both cases, the emulsion is then rinsed.

Another subject of the invention consists in a cosmetic process for cleaning the skin, characterized in that a cosmetic composition as defined above is applied to the skin in the presence of water and eliminated. the emulsion formed and the soil residues by rinsing with water.

Example 1 according to the invention Isododecane 17% PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate 7% Perfume 0.5% Hexylene glycol 3% Sweet almond oil 0.5% Isopropyl palmitate QSP 100%

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 Method of preparation: The compounds are mixed at room temperature.

Use The product is applied to the face dry, then mass to mix the oil with make-up. Then, wet your hands, massage your face with wet hands to form an emulsion, and then rinse with water.

A test on a panel of 10 women showed that compared to an identical composition containing no hexylene glycol, the composition according to the invention has a 24% improvement in the ease of forming the emulsion by contact with the water and rinse improvement of about 12%.

Example 2 according to the invention Isododecane 17% Soybean oil 25% PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate 7% Hexylene glycol 3% Ethyl hexyl palmitate 18% Isopropyl palmitate 30% A transparent composition is obtained, which rinses well and has a good cleansing power.

Comparative Examples 1 to 3: In the comparative examples, hexylene glycol was replaced by other polyols. These examples show that the polyols other than hexylene glycol do not make it possible to maintain the transparency of the composition.

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<tb> stearate
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Claims (18)

 1. A transparent composition for topical application, substantially anhydrous, comprising hexylene glycol, at least one volatile hydrocarbon oil, and at least one nonionic surfactant. 2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hexylene glycol is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the volatile hydrocarbon oil is selected from isoparaffins, isododecane, isodecane, isohexadecane and mixtures thereof. 4. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the volatile hydrocarbon oil is isododecane. 5. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amount of volatile oil (s) hydrocarbon (s) ranges from 2 to 95% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 6. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises, one or more oils selected from esters and ethers of fatty acid, oils of vegetable origin and mixtures thereof. 7. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises (1) at least one vegetable oil selected from the oils of sweet almond, sunflower, corn, soya, squash, grape seeds, sesame, hazelnut, apricot, macadamia, arara, sunflower, castor oil, avocado, caprylic / capric acid triglycerides, jojoba oil, shea butter oil, and ( 2) at least one fatty acid ester chosen from isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate and octyl-2-dodecyl stearate; , 2-octyldecyl erucate, isostearyl isostearate, 2-ethylhexyl myristate, ethyl laurate, methyl myristate, octyldodecyl octanoate, ethyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl octanoate, 2-ethylhexyl caprate / caprylate, methyl palmitate, butyl myristate, isobutyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, laurate isohexyl, hexyl laurate, isopropyl isostearate, benzoic acid ester and C12-C15 alcohols. 8. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains a total amount of oil (s) ranging from 60 to 95% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. <Desc / Clms Page number 11> 9. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of surfactant (s) from 2 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 10. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfactant has an HLB ranging from 5 to 15. 11. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfactant is chosen from fatty acid esters and polyols, and their oxyalkylenated derivatives, ethers of fatty alcohols and polyols, and their oxyalkylenated derivatives. , and their mixtures. 12. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the surfactant is selected from di or tri fatty acid esters of C14-C30, comprising at least 3 oxyethylenated groups, and mixtures thereof. 13. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the surfactant is an ester of stearic acid or isostearic and glyceryl oxyethylenated, comprising from 8 to 60 oxyethylenated groups. 14. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the surfactant is PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate. 15. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it constitutes a cosmetic composition for cleaning or removing makeup from the skin. 16. Cosmetic use of a cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, as a product for cleaning and / or removing makeup from the skin, and / or as a scrub and / or exfoliating product for the skin. 17. A cosmetic process for cleaning the skin, characterized in that a cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 is applied to the skin in the presence of water, and the emulsion formed is eliminated. and the soil residues by rinsing with water. 18. Use of hexylene glycol, for improving the rinsing of a topical, substantially anhydrous, topical, transparent composition containing at least one volatile hydrocarbon oil and at least one nonionic surfactant.