FR2808580A1 - FIREPLACE COMPRISING A CLOSED FIREPLACE AND PREFABRICATED HEATING CHAMBER FOR SUCH A FIREPLACE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new design of apartment chimney which eliminates the risk of deterioration or fire of the decorative elements of the chimney, while ensuring optimal circulation of hot air, as well as a simple construction. and economical. This chimney is characterized in that it comprises two lateral jambs (20) arranged between the hearth (5) and the decorative lateral pillars (2), these jambs (20) resting on the floor (4), supporting said horizontal strip ( 6), made of a self-supporting, insulating and non-combustible material and arranged to form with the sole (4), the rear partition (3), the horizontal strip (6) and the convection chamber (14), an isolated enclosure ( 22) into which said fireplace (5) is inserted and forms with it a closed heating chamber (22 ') separated from the decorative elements of said chimney (1), namely at least the pillars (2) and the hood (7 ). This particular construction makes it possible to completely isolate the technical elements of the fireplace from its decorative elements. Application: Apartment fireplace with closed hearth.

Description

FIREPLACE COMPRISING A CLOSED FIREPLACE AND BEDROOM

  PREFABRICATED HEATER FOR SUCH A FIREPLACE

  The present invention relates to a fireplace comprising a hearth carrying a closed hearth, two lateral pillars connected by a rear partition, a horizontal strip extending over at least one face of the fireplace, a decorative hood extending upwards from the strip, a smoke pipe extending inside the hood from the closed hearth, an air heat recovery circuit which passes along the external surfaces of the closed hearth and which comprises at least one passing outlet duct inside the hood and a prefabricated box disposed above the closed hearth defining a convection chamber open at the bottom and extending at least partially inside the hood, this convection chamber belonging to the recovery circuit heat and having at least one outlet

  connected to said hot air duct.

  The present invention also relates to a prefabricated heating chamber for

such a fireplace.

  Apartment fireplaces are often equipped with a closed hearth formed by a metal cassette commonly called "insert" in which the combustion of wood takes place. This combustion heats the walls of the insert to a high temperature. Usually, these fireplaces are also equipped with an air heat recovery circuit that takes fresh air from a room or from outside the apartment, warms it in contact with the walls of the insert. then reject

  hot air in said room or in one or more other rooms of the apartment.

  In a known manner, the fresh air heated in contact with the walls of the insert is channeled inter alia by the decorative elements of the chimney such as the lateral pillars located on either side of the insert. The major drawback of this construction is that these elements generally do not have insulating walls. At best, a terracotta panel covers the interior wall of the pillars. There is then the risk of a significant dispersion of hot air which can reach temperatures above 200 C generating inconveniences, such as deformations, at the level of the elements of decoration of the chimney which can go up to the kindling

  pillars or the outer beam carried by the pillars.

  The prefabricated box defining the convection chamber of the heat recovery circuit and the horizontal strip already make it possible to significantly improve the temperature resistance of the hood and the decorative beam, respectively. These two constructive elements are already described in the publications FR-A-2,666,139 and FR-A-2,660,349 respectively. However, the fire protection of such a chimney can be further improved in order to reduce and even eliminate the risks of

  deterioration or kindling of decorative elements.

  The aim of the present invention is to provide an effective and reliable solution to the problem mentioned above by producing a chimney for an apartment where the risks of deterioration or fire are eliminated, while ensuring optimal circulation of the hot air. , as well as a simple and economical construction, the constructive elements of the chimney being mainly made of prefabricated elements in

factory.

  This object is achieved by a chimney as defined in the preamble and characterized in that it comprises two lateral legs arranged between said hearth and the lateral pillars, these legs resting on the floor, supporting said horizontal strip, made of a self-supporting material. , insulating and noncombustible and arranged to form with the hearth, the rear partition, the horizontal strip and the convection chamber, an isolated enclosure in which the said hearth is inserted and forms with it a closed heating chamber separated from the decorative elements of said chimney to

  know at least the pillars and the hood.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sole, the rear partition, the horizontal strip and the convection chamber are also made of a self-supporting, insulating and non-combustible material, this material being an insulating concrete to

  vermiculite base. This material can also be lined with thermal insulation.

  Advantageously, the hearth has fresh air inlet openings and the gap between the hearth and the heating chamber defines the circuit for

heat recovery.

  To create a maximum flow of fresh air and sweep the hottest areas of the hearth, the fresh air inlet ports are preferably positioned at least on the periphery and

  in the center in correspondence of said foyer.

  The heat recovery circuit can also include at least one fan fitted with an air filter, placed under the hearth to force the circulation of air in said circuit, this fan being able to be provided in a decorative base of the chimney. Depending on the construction, the fresh air intake can be interior to recycle the ambient air and / or exterior to bring fresh air. To form a high-efficiency heating chamber, the interior walls of the jambs, the horizontal strip and of the convection chamber are preferably

as an extension of one another.

  This object is also achieved by a prefabricated heating chamber for such a chimney, characterized in that it comprises at least one hearth, two legs, a horizontal strip, a convection chamber and a rear partition prefabricated in a self-supporting material, insulating and noncombustible and assembled by interlocking

and collage.

  The present invention and its advantages will be better understood in the description

  following of various embodiments given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a front view of the chimney according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a side view of the chimney of Figure 1, - Figure 3 is a front view in section along the line III-III of Figure 2, - Figure 4 is a side view in section along the line IV-IV of the figure 3, - Figure 5 is a top view in section along the line VV of Figure 1, - Figures 6 to 8 are perspective views of the heating chamber according to the invention and according to three different types of insert , and - Figures 9A to E are simplified side views of the chimney according to the invention and according to different modes of supply of fresh air to the circuit

heat recovery.

  Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the chimney 1 for apartment comprises, in known manner, two parallel side pillars 2 connected to a rear partition 3, a hearth 4 extending between the pillars 2 and supporting a closed metal hearth 5 and called commonly an insert, a horizontal strip 6 located above the hearth and extending over the front face and the two lateral faces of the chimney 1, a decorative hood 7 placed on the strip 6 and attached to the rear partition 3. The gases combustion products in the hearth 5 escape through a drain 8 forming an integral part of the hearth 5 and connected to a smoke pipe 9 leading to a chimney channel situated behind the partition 3 and not shown. In the example illustrated, the chimney 1 is completed by a decorative external beam 10, for example made of wood, which rests on the horizontal wing of the strip 6 and is joined integrally to this

  strip 6 with mortar filling 11.

  The chimney 1 also comprises an air heat recovery circuit which includes fresh air inlet orifices 12 provided in the hearth 4, gaps 13 existing between the hearth 5 and the pillars 2 and between the outlet 8 and the horizontal strip 6, a prefabricated box 14 defining a convection chamber 14 ′, provided with outlet orifices 15 connected to hot air ducts (not shown) extending inside the hood 7 up to hot air outlet vents (not

  shown) to reject the hot air in the rooms of the apartment.

  The prefabricated box 14 is disposed above the hearth 5 on the strip 6, open downwards and extends inside the hood 7. It has a front wall and two vertical side walls which are not in contact with the hood 7, and a horizontal ceiling pierced, for example, with four outlet orifices 15 for the hot air and with a central orifice 16 for the smoke duct 9. The two side walls are in the example shown connected by the partition rear 3 which extends from the floor 4 to the ceiling

of the housing 14.

  The chimney 1 is advantageously completed by two lateral legs 20 arranged between the hearth 5 and the pillars 2, resting on the hearth 4 and arranged to carry the horizontal strip 6. These lateral legs 20 are made of a self-supporting, insulating and non-combustible material. . Therefore, they combine the functions of bearing the strip 6 and the prefabricated box 14, insulation and fire protection of the pillars 2. More particularly, these legs 20 are made from an insulating concrete based on vermiculite in accordance to the French patent application filed under the number 00/02840, this material having the advantage of offering both high mechanical strength and very high insulating power. They can be produced from a monolithic panel therefore only composed of said insulating concrete or reinforced by an internal metal frame or from a complex or multilayer panel for example by associating it with an insulation sheet 21 such as Aluboard product or any other insulating product that has the power to reflect heat. Preferably, this insulation sheet 21 is disposed on the outer wall of the leg opposite the corresponding pillar 2 to increase the thermal protection of these pillars. Furthermore, the other constructive elements of the chimney 1 such as the rear partition 3, the hearth 4, the horizontal strip 6 and the prefabricated box 14 are advantageously made of insulating concrete, like the jambs 20. The rear partition 3 can in addition include an insulation sheet to protect the load-bearing wall from high temperatures. Thus and as shown in FIG. 3, the combination of these constructive elements makes it possible to create around the hearth 5 an enclosure 22 entirely thermally insulated and self-supporting, this enclosure 22 defining a prefabricated heating chamber 22 '. When the hearth 5 is placed in this heating chamber 22 ′, the lateral overflows of its door or of its facade obstruct the opening of the enclosure 22 thus creating a heating chamber 22 ′ which is substantially sealed. Thanks to this particular construction, the decorative elements such as the pillars 2, the beam 10, the hood 7 as well as the base 23 and possibly the benches adjoining the chimney 1 no longer have any technical function and are no longer subjected to attack thermal. It increases, therefore, the safety of such a fireplace and the resistance over time of the different materials used for exterior decoration. The constructive elements of the chimney 1 are prefabricated in the factory in order to facilitate the assembly and installation of the chimney. They are assembled by complementary notches and secured by an adhesive based on mortar or refractory putty. The dimensions and the shapes of these constructive elements are defined externally with respect to the aesthetics and the shape of the chimney I and internally with respect to the hearth 5 and its heating power. It is clear from FIGS. 1 to 5 that the internal walls of the legs 20, of the strip 6 and of the prefabricated box 14 are in extension of one another to form a heating chamber 22 ′ substantially parallelepipedic, without internal relief so

  to obtain a good thermal efficiency of this chamber without pressure drop.

  However, other interior shapes can be envisaged, for example in trunk

  pyramid in the area where the drain 8 is located.

  Furthermore, the sole 4 is dimensioned to carry the assembly formed by the legs, the strip 6 and the box 14. The fresh air inlet orifices 12 which it comprises are dimensioned to allow the maximum amount of air to pass through. cool and are positioned to sweep the hottest areas of hearth 5, namely at the periphery and in the center of the

focus 5.

  The legs 20 which rest on the floor 4 and support the strip 6 and the box 14 are adapted to the type of the chimney 1 with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8: With a central symmetrical chimney with two complete pillars 2 (see Fig. 6), the hearth 5 having a glazed face, corner chimney with two pillars 2 complete but different between the right and the left (see Fig. 7), the hearth 5 having two glazed faces, and 30. central symmetrical chimney with two pillars 2 reduced (see Fig. 8), the hearth 5 having

three glass sides.

  The horizontal strip 6 which rests on the legs 20 has, whatever the exterior decoration, an L-shaped section to effectively protect the faces

  interior and bottom of the decorative beam 10.

  The convection chamber 14 'which rests on the horizontal strip 6, constitutes the upper volume of the heating chamber 22' and is arranged to collect the hot air produced by the heat recovery circuit. The insulating quality of this convection chamber 14 'prevents the heating of the air contained in the hood 7 and thus ensures the good performance over time of this hood but also of its environment, namely the load-bearing wall and the ceiling. This convection chamber 14 ′ is, moreover, traversed by the smoke pipe 9 through its orifice 16. The passage of the smoke pipe 9 can be equipped with a metal ferrule with or without an insulating coating, ensuring expansion in function the temperature of the fumes and thus allowing the good behavior of the seal guaranteeing the tightness of the

convection 14 '.

  The outlet orifices 15 provided in the ceiling of this convection chamber 14 'allow the distribution of hot air and are equipped with metal ferrules which are connected to the hot air ducts (not shown) by collars. The hot air ducts are for example made up of flexible and insulated metal sheaths. They are connected to the air outlet vents (not shown) provided either in the upper part of the hood 7, or in other rooms. These air outlet vents are metallic and have grids allowing the adjustment of the air flow, this flow does not

  can be lower than a safety threshold, for example 25% of the maximum flow.

  These air outlet vents cannot be installed on horizontal walls to avoid accidental blockage. Nor should they be closed voluntarily for obvious security reasons. The diameter of the outlet orifices 15 and of the hot air ducts depends on the flow rates and temperatures selected as a function of the power of the fan or fans 24 provided in the circuit of

heat recovery.

  The interval between the hearth 5 and the interior walls of the enclosure 22 delimits a volume of air extending from the hearth 4 to the ceiling of the convection chamber 14 'which corresponds to the volume of air to be heated by means of the air heat recovery circuit. This air circuit is as follows: On arrival of the fresh air outside the chimney 1 through the openings 12 of the hearth 4, * heating of the air against the external walls of the hearth 5 and the outlet 8 in the heating chamber 22 ', * arrival of the hot air in the convection chamber 14', and * distribution of the hot air by the hot air ducts (not shown) which

supply the rooms to be heated.

  Thus, the hot air production circuit operates without the participation of the decorative elements, the latter being completely isolated and separated from this circuit thanks to

the sealed enclosure 22.

  FIGS. 9A to 9E illustrate different alternative embodiments of the air heat recovery circuit. In FIG. 9A, the circulation of air through this circuit is a natural circulation and the intake of fresh air can be interior (room of the house) and / or exterior (exterior air or ventilated crawl space). An indoor air intake, that is to say by recycling the ambient air, is of course not possible

for polluted premises.

  In the other FIGS. 9B to 9E, the air circulation is a forced circulation by means of fans 24 fitted with air filters 25. In FIG. 9B, the fan

  24 is housed in the decorative base 23 of the chimney 1 and the air intake is external.

  In FIG. 9C, the fan 24 is housed under the slab, for example in the crawl space and the air intake is external and comprises a second fan 24. In FIG. 9D, the fan 24 is housed in the base 23 and the air intake is external, for example in the crawl space. And in FIG. 9E, the fan 24 is housed in the base 23 and the air intake is interior, for example in the room where the

chimney 1.

  Thanks to the presence of the closed and sealed heating chamber 22 ′, it is possible to imagine all the variants of air heat recovery circuits and in particular from fresh non-recycled air, pulsed or not, to avoid risks of indoor pollution. The use of forced circulation by fan puts the house slightly under pressure which favors heating. In addition, the distribution of hot air being carried out under pressure and not by suction, it can be balanced

  room by room thanks to the adjustable grilles provided at the hot air outlet vents.

  In addition, the operation of the fan or fans can be coupled to a probe located in the hot air duct which allows the fans to start up according to a programmed temperature rise, the fans to stop in the event of a slowdown in intensity. of the fire and the descent below a predetermined threshold of the temperature of the hot air, and the variation of the power of the fans as a function of the temperature of the hot air to avoid too great deviations in the outlets

hot air outlet.

  It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the aims

  fixed, in particular to optimize the safety and reliability of apartment fireplaces by eliminating the risks of deterioration of decorative elements and fire, while

being very simple to install.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art. More particularly, the shapes and dimensions of the various constructive and decorative elements may vary, the main thing being to keep a sealed heating chamber clearly dissociating the technical functions of the chimney.

  combustion and production of hot air, its aesthetic functions.

Claims (11)

Claims   1. Chimney (1) comprising a hearth (4) carrying a closed hearth (5), two lateral pillars (2) connected by a rear partition (3), a horizontal strip (6) extending over at least one face of the chimney, a decorative hood (7) extending upwards from the strip, a smoke pipe (9) extending inside the hood from the closed hearth, a heat recovery circuit at air which passes along the external walls of the closed hearth (5) and which comprises at least one outlet duct passing inside the hood (7) and a prefabricated box (14) disposed above the closed metallic hearth defining a convection chamber (14 ') open at the bottom and extending at least partially inside the hood, this convection chamber belonging to the heat recovery circuit and comprising at least one outlet orifice (15) connected to said hot air duct, characterized in that it has two legs lateral (20) disposed between said hearth (5) and the lateral pillars (2), these legs (20) resting on the floor (4), supporting said horizontal strip (6), made of a self-supporting, insulating and non-combustible material and arranged to form with the sole (4), the rear partition (3), the horizontal strip (6) and the convection chamber (14), an isolated enclosure (22) in which said hearth (5) is inserted and forms with it a closed heating chamber (22 ') separate from the decorative elements   of said chimney (1), namely at least the pillars (2) and the hood (7).   2. Chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that the hearth (4), the rear partition (3), the horizontal strip (6) and the convection chamber (14 ') are produced   in a self-supporting, insulating and non-combustible material.   3. Chimney according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material auto   load-bearing, insulating and non-combustible is an insulating concrete based on vermiculite.   4. Chimney according to claim 3, characterized in that said material is lined a thermal insulator (21).   5. Chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that the hearth (4) has fresh air inlet orifices (12) and in that the gap (13) existing between the hearth (5)   and the heating chamber (22 ') delimits said heat recovery circuit.   1I 6. Chimney according to claim 5, characterized in that the fresh air inlet orifices (12) are positioned at least on the periphery and in the center in correspondence of said hearth (5).   7. Chimney according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat recovery circuit comprises at least one fan (24) equipped with an air filter (25), arranged   under the floor (4) to force the circulation of air in said circuit.   8. Chimney according to claim 7, characterized in that the fan (24) is   arranged in a decorative base (23) of the chimney.   9. Chimney according to claim 5, characterized in that the fresh air intake is interior to recycle the ambient air and / or exterior to bring fresh air 10. Chimney according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal walls of the legs (20), the horizontal strip (6) and the convection chamber (14 ') are in extension of each other.   11. Prefabricated heating chamber for a chimney (1) according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one sole   (4), two lateral legs (20), a horizontal strip (6), a convection chamber (14 ') and a rear partition (3) prefabricated in a self-supporting material,   insulating and non-combustible and assembled by interlocking and gluing.