FR2728267A1 - NEW FUEL BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL AND A PETROLEUM CUT RICH IN AROMATIC COMPOUNDS - Google Patents

Abstract

Fuel oil comprises 1-100 vol.% of a base compsn. comprising: (1) vegetable oil; and (2) petroleum cut rich in heavy fuel aromatics and derived from a non-hydrogenative process with the volume ratio of (1) to (2) of less than 2.

Description

new fuel based on vegetable oil.

  The subject of the present invention is a fuel formed from a composition based on natural vegetable oil, capable of being burned in combustion plants, either directly or in admixture with one or

several hydrocarbons.

  In order to replace fossil fuels with renewable energies, in recent years research has focused on the use of agricultural surpluses to create new fuels. Moreover, for a number of years now and more recently in 1992, as a result of the reform of the common agricultural policy, the EEC has set up a system of support for oilseed producers, which favors energy fallow "and the production of vegetable oils such as

sunflower and rapeseed oil.

  It is known, however, that burning vegetable oil directly or incorporating high levels in a fuel, especially for boiler, does not go without posing a series of problems: miscibility: vegetable oil, which is a triester, is difficult to mix with lighter products of a different chemical nature; viscosity: the viscosity of the vegetable oil is of the order of 70 × 10 -6 m 2 / s (70 mm 2 / s) at 20 ° C., which makes it impossible to directly incorporate it into a product such as heating oil (also known as domestic fuel oil or uF.OD "), that is to say, in particular, with a viscosity of less than 7 × 10 -6 m 2 / s (7 mm 2 / s) at 20 ° C., or else its spraying in a conventional burner for FOD; operability and storage stability (oxidation and bacterial pollution); - implementation, due to pressure losses in lines related to the natural viscosity of vegetable oils; - fouling of the boiler, due to poor combustion - Of burners, because if there are on the market of multi-fuel burners, these burners require a reheating of the fuel, an adaptation of the transfer line between the storage tank and the burner, or even an assisted spray, which limits the economic interest of burning vegetable oil the, if it is necessary to modify equipment that currently uses domestic fuel oil. This is the reason why we see developing "green" fuels, such as for example fuels comprising either minute quantities of vegetable oil, generally less than 5% by weight, or derivatives thereof, in the form of rapeseed methyl ester in gas oil, but the latter type of vegetable oil valorization requires an additional step of transesterification, then purification,

  which results in a significant additional cost.

  The Applicant has, for its part, set as objective the direct valorization of vegetable oils, by their incorporation, in the state and at high levels, in a fuel meeting the standards of use of domestic fuels and not requiring not, therefore,

  modifications to existing combustion facilities.

  In the course of its work in the field of substitute fuels, the Applicant has surprisingly established that a fuel comprising high levels of natural vegetable oil - that is to say unprocessed - and a high oil content cut. Aromatic compounds, in specific volume ratios, may be burned either directly or in combination with other conventional fuels such as domestic fuel oil.

  eliminates the problems mentioned above.

  The refined vegetable oil may be present in the fuel according to the invention at levels as high as 50% by volume. Beyond such concentrations of vegetable oil, it becomes necessary to change the burner (s)

of the boiler.

  The present invention therefore firstly relates to a vegetable oil based fuel, characterized in that it contains between 100% and 1% by volume of a base composition comprising at least one vegetable oil and at least one cut oil rich in aromatics of heavy gasoline type, resulting from a non-hydrogenating conversion, and in that the volume ratio vegetable oil / aromatic type gasoline is

less than 2.

  The fuel according to the invention has various advantages: on the one hand, it can contain up to 50% by volume of vegetable oil, without the need to modify the boiler burner (s); - on the other hand, it is more respectful of the environment because it incorporates vegetable oil, which does not contain sulfur and thus reduces the emission of S02 in the fumes; - Finally, it is compatible with storage in the presence of other hydrocarbons domestic fuel oil type or equivalent. The vegetable oil that can be used in the fuel according to the invention is preferably an oil of a plant that can be cultivated with a high yield per hectare. It may be chosen from the group comprising in particular sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and mixtures thereof. Of

  preferably, the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil.

  Advantageously, the vegetable oil is present in the fuel according to the invention in a proportion of 10% to 50%, of

  preferably from 20% to 30% by volume.

  The petroleum fraction rich in aromatics of the heavy gasoline type resulting from a non-hydrogenating conversion that can be used in the fuel according to the invention can be chosen from the group comprising gasoline resulting from catalytic reforming, gasoline from steam-cracking, gasoline, pyrolysis gasoline, gasoline from catalytic cracking or their mixtures. We will use

  preferably gasoline from catalytic cracking.

  The oil fraction rich in aromatic compounds, usable in the fuel according to the invention, preferably has a distillation range of between C and 240 C at atmospheric pressure. It preferably has a viscosity of between 1.1 and

1.5 10-6m2s-1 at 20 C.

  It includes, advantageously, at least 25% in

volume of aromatic compounds.

  Advantageously, the base composition contained in the fuel according to the invention comprises at least one petroleum fraction having a distillation range of substantially between 240 ° C. and 380 ° C. Such a petroleum fraction preferably consists of FOD or light diesel type equivalent. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the volume ratio between the monoaromatic compounds and the diaromatic compounds of the base composition contained in the fuel according to the invention has a chosen value. between 2 and 6.5, and is preferably of the order of 3, 5. This volume content is measured in mono- and diaromatic compounds.

  by the method of Fisher, well known to the skilled person.

  In the case where the petroleum fraction rich in aromatic compounds is derived from a hydrocarbon having undergone a non-hydrogenating conversion of catalytic cracking type, the monoaromatic compounds and the diaromatic compounds that it comprises are present in a volume ratio.

  a chosen value, preferably between 8 and 12.

  Such a fraction originating from cracking comprises, preferably, in% by volume, - 10% to 20% of paraffins, - 5% to 20% of olefins, - 0% to 5% of naphthenes,

- 25% to 80% aromatics.

  The base composition contained in the fuel according to the invention comprises 5 to 50% and, preferably, 20 to

  % by volume of aromatic type gasoline.

  According to another aspect of the invention, the composition contained in the fuel according to the invention comprises, in% by volume, between 5 and 50% of vegetable oil, between 5 and 50% of a petroleum fraction rich in aromatic compounds derived from a non-hydrogenating conversion, and the 100% complement of a hydrocarbon-type hydrocarbon, of which 65% by volume distils below 250 ° C and 85% by volume.

volume below 3500C.

  According to a preferred variant, the hydrocarbon possibly present in the fuel according to the invention is a product meeting the inter-union specifications of a fuel oil of the domestic fuel oil type, hereinafter "FOD", or

an equivalent.

  Also, the present invention also relates to a fuel comprising in volume, - about 30% of rapeseed oil, - about 30% of a petroleum fraction, rich in catalytic cracking aromatic compounds, and - the 100% complement product meeting the inter-union specifications of a FOD or equivalent. According to a variant which is also preferred, the composition contained in the fuel according to the invention comprises

  up to 3 parts by volume of FOD or equivalent.

  The invention finally relates to the use of the fuel according to the invention in boilers and / or

  ovens of the community and / or industrial type.

  The following examples illustrate the features and advantages of the invention. They have no character

limiting.

Examples

  In the table below are listed various compositions referenced 1 to 7, containing rapeseed oil (^ HC "), heavy gasoline catalytic cracking (mELCC") and domestic fuel oil ("FOD"). The contents are

expressed in% by volume.

  The rapeseed oil (HC) used here is a refined oil marketed under the name LUBRIROB by ROBBE in Compiègne. Its pour point is below -21eC and its viscosity at 20eC is 75.10-6n / s

(75 mm2 / s).

  The heavy gasoline catalytic cracking used herein is a 140eC-2031C cut from a catalytic cracking unit comprising 65% aromatics, 12% olefins

and 23% saturated molecules.

  The following significant inter-union specifications of a FOD, for use on a boiler fuel according to the invention, were retained: - the viscosity, which ensures quality at startup and during combustion (the injectors mechanical spraying present on conventional burners require a viscosity less than 7.5.10-6 m2 / s); - pour point and cloud point, which determine the cold operability of a fuel; - the flashpoint, which relates to the imperatives of

  safety of use of a fuel.

Board

  Specification 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 inter-union FOD c (% by volume) 30 30 30 40 5 5 10

ELCC (%

in volume 30 60 15 40 2.5 10 4

HC / ELCC 1 0.5 2 1 2 0.5 2.5

  FOD (% by volume) 40 10 55 20 92.5 85 86 Viscosity at 7.1 <6> 9 7.4 6 5.5> 8 <7.5 C (mm2 / sec) Pour point - 12 < -12 <-9 -18 <-9 <-9 <-9 <-9 (C) Item 66 60 70 64 74 72 73 55 <x <120 Lightning Luchaire (c) Cloud Point -8 <-8 <+2 <-10 <2 <2 <2 <+2 (OC) It can be seen from this table that for low rapeseed oil contents in the base composition (of the order of 5 to 10% ), the HC / ELCC ratio must be slightly less than 2 to meet specifications

deductions from the FOD.

  On the other hand, as soon as the content of rapeseed oil in the composition becomes significant (more than 20% by volume),

  this ratio is preferably chosen less than 1.

  From the table above, it is found that the fuel according to the invention comprising rapeseed oil perfectly meets the inter-union specifications retained for use on a boiler FOD, including cloud points and flow The green fuel can be burned in a boiler which usually uses domestic fuel oil, without modifying the temperature, as well as the flashpoint, and is a green fuel for replacing the conventional fuel of the state of the art. initial boiler installation, in particular the burner (s) and it has good storage stability Finally, while it is well known to those skilled in the art that the combustion of rapeseed oil, even on a modified burner, poses a big start-up problem (given the low intrinsic volatility of the product), the addition of ELCC mixed with significant amounts of rapeseed oil improves considerably

  ignition by electrodes, when starting the burner.

Claims (15)

claims   1. Fuel based on vegetable oil, characterized in that it contains, between 100% and 1% by volume of a base composition comprising - at least one vegetable oil, and - at least one petroleum fraction rich in compounds aromatics of heavy gasoline type, resulting from a non-hydrogenating conversion, and in that the volume ratio vegetable oil / gasoline   of aromatic type has a value less than 2.   2. Fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, coconut oil and coconut oil. rapeseed and their   mixtures, and is preferably rapeseed oil.   3. Fuel according to any one of the claims   characterized in that the base composition comprises between 5% and 50%, and preferably between 20% and 30% of vegetable oil.   4. Fuel according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the petrol fraction rich in heavy gasoline aromatic compounds is selected from the group consisting of catalytic reformed gasoline, steam cracking gasoline, pyrolysis gasoline and gasoline catalytic cracking and is preferably gasoline from catalytic cracking, or   a mixture of one or the other of these essences.   5. Fuel according to any one of the claims   characterized in that the petroleum fraction rich in aromatic compounds of the heavy gasoline type has a distillation range of between 140 C and 240 C at the atmospheric pressure.   6. Fuel according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the petroleum fraction rich in aromatic compounds of heavy gasoline type has a viscosity of a value selected between 1.1 and 1.5 10-m2s-1 to C.   Combustible according to any one of the claims   in that the petroleum fraction rich in aromatic compounds of the heavy gasoline type comprises, in   volume, at least 25% of aromatic compounds.   8. Fuel according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the base composition comprises at least one petroleum fraction having a distillation range substantially between 240 C and 380'C.   9. Fuel according to any one of the claims   1 to 8, characterized in that the petrol fraction rich in aromatics of heavy gasoline type derived from catalytic cracking comprises monoaromatic compounds and diaromatic compounds present in a ratio   volume of a value preferably chosen between 8 and 12.   10. Combustible according to claim 9, characterized in that the petrol fraction rich in aromatic compounds of heavy gasoline type from catalytic cracking comprises, in% by volume, - 10% to 20% paraffins, - 5% to 20% by weight. olefins, - 0% to 5% naphthenes, and - 25% to 80% aromatics.   11. Combustible according to any of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   base composition comprises, in% by volume, - between 5 and 50% of vegetable oil, - between 5 and 50% of a petrol fraction rich in aromatic gasoline type heavy from a non-hydrogenating conversion, and - the 100% supplement to a fuel oil type domestic or equivalent.   12. Fuel according to claim 11, characterized in that the hydrocarbon of the domestic fuel type distils at   65% by volume below 250 C and 85% by volume below 350 C.   13. Fuel according to any one of   preceding claims, characterized in that the report   volume between the monoaromatic compounds and the diaromatic compounds of the base composition it contains has a value chosen between 2 and 6.5, preferably between 3 and 4. 14. Fuel comprising, in% by volume, approximately 30% of rapeseed oil, approximately 30% of catalytic cracked aromatic gasoline, and approximately 40% of product meeting the specifications.   inter-union of a FOD or equivalent.   15. Use in a domestic fuel boiler of a fuel according to any one of   preceding claims, without modification of this boiler.