FR2706775A1 - Tip intended for an apparatus for dispensing and/or sampling a fluid substance, in particular in the medical field, and apparatus allowing its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

Tip and apparatus which are intended for dispensing and/or sampling a fluid substance from a manually controlled pumping member connected to the tip via which the fluid substance is conveyed in one direction and/or in the other by suction and/or delivery of air acting with pressure or, on the other hand, with reduced pressure on the said substance, characterised in that the tip (7A) constitutes per se a packaging of the fluid substance which has been sampled or is to be administered, by defining an internal chamber (21A) independent of and isolated from the pumping member (2A) by a lower closure member (23). The tip (7A) furthermore comprises removable fastening means (15) making it independent and interchangeable with respect to the pumping member (2A).

Description

The present invention relates to a tip for an apparatus for

  distribution and / or withdrawal of a fluid substance, in particular in the medical and hygiene fields, but also

cosmetic, or veterinary.

  The invention also relates to the apparatus for setting

work of said tip.

  In one of the possible applications, the device is intended for the removal of nasal mucus by suction, so as to blow the nose of young children or people

  unable to do it independently.

  There are already known devices for ensuring this function and which are constituted, for example, by a flexible rubber bulb playing a pump role and on which is adapted a nozzle to be applied to a nostril to be blown, then on

the other.

  It is easily understood that after each use it is necessary to remove the mucus present in the nozzle, or even in the pear, for a new use and that such an operation of

  cleaning is unhygienic to say the least.

  A device has also been proposed for this same application, which differs from the previous one in that it comprises a nasal tip intended for the recovery of phlegm and which is connected by means of a flexible suction duct, the l the free end is intended to be placed in the mouth of a third person for aspiration. If such a device makes it possible to avoid the cleaning operation by throwing away the nozzle, the fact remains that the principle is unpleasant to implement and that hygiene cannot be guaranteed in an absolute manner, because material infiltration can pass through

leads it to the mouth.

  It is also known from the application for French utility certificate N_ 26 32 528 a nasal mucus aspirator operating by suction and distinguishing itself from the previous ones in that the pumping member is a piston actuated manually in a body of the pump. against a return spring. This device, although providing certain improvements, in fact has the same drawback as in the first example

cited above concerning the pear.

  In fact, in an identical manner, it is not intended to recover the phlegm other than in the pump. Again, the rules of hygiene cannot be observed under such conditions. In another possible application of the device according to the invention, it can also, while remaining in the same inventive concept, be intended not for suction as has just been mentioned, but vice versa to the

  distribution of a fluid substance.

  This can be, without limitation, intended for nasal sprays of a physiological or oral solution for inhalations and in general for treatment

  medical or veterinary of all otorhinological conditions

  pharyngo-laryngologic. Special applications could be imagined in the field of gastroenterology or even gynecology for

  the distribution of medical or hygiene solutions.

  In a destination more specifically reserved for otos-

  rhinology, it is known devices for vaporizing or inhaling a medicinal solution expelled from a container by means of a metering pump acting by delivery on said solution in order to ensure its diffusion by

  example in the respiratory tract.

  A device of this type is described in French patent application N 26 58 081 but has the drawback of being complex to produce. In addition, like all devices of this type, the diffuser nozzle to be introduced into the mouth or into the nose is the same throughout the duration of the treatment and in this case hygiene can only be respected if washing

the tip after each use.

  Another device is also described in patent application N 26 84 304 and is essentially characterized in that a dose of substance to be dispensed is introduced into a nozzle in which is fixedly disposed a needle used both for puncturing a membrane of a container containing the dose and to constitute a conduit intended for the expulsion of said substance. Not only is such a device at least as complex to produce as previously, but moreover the aforementioned hygiene problems are circumvented by throwing away the whole of the device including the mechanical pumping means necessary for the evacuation of the substance, then that in fact only the tip is

concerned with hygiene.

  We can estimate that this is an expensive solution unnecessarily encumbering the cost price of the device,

  to be multiplied according to the duration of the treatment.

  It is the same in the spraying device disclosed by French patent application N '26 25 981 also showing a pumping device of which a piston acts in a bulb containing the substance to be sprayed, the complete assembly being discarded after use. This last device can actually be

assimilated to disposable syringes.

  The present invention not only aims to remedy all the aforementioned drawbacks specific to each type of device depending on whether it is a vacuum cleaner or a sprayer or more generally a distributor of a fluid substance, but moreover, it proposes, according to another phase of the inventive step, to take advantage of the double function of a pump which acts in principle, both in compression and in depression. From there, it has been imagined according to the invention that a single pumping member could be used either for the suction of a substance or for its distribution provided that the end piece of the device is adapted so specific to

each of these functions.

  To this end, the invention relates to a nozzle and an apparatus intended for the distribution and / or withdrawal of a fluid substance from a pumping member connected to the nozzle via which the fluid substance is conveyed. in one direction and / or the other by suction and / or discharge of air acting under pressure or vice versa under vacuum on said substance, characterized in that the nozzle constitutes in itself a packaging of the fluid substance withdrawn or to be administered , by delimiting an independent internal chamber isolated from the pumping member by a lower closing means capable of allowing suction, or vice versa, the delivery of the substance while preventing its transfer to the pumping member when '' it is stored in said nozzle, which further comprises removable fixing means interposed between a free end of the pumping member and a corresponding connection part of the '' nozzle, so as to make it independent and interchangeable with respect to the pumping member, so that it constitutes a disposable capsule, after a single use and can be replaced by another identical capsule on the same pumping member unique,

reusable indefinitely.

  The invention will be better understood and other characteristics of

  these will be highlighted using the description which

  follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawings, illustrating,

  by way of nonlimiting examples, how the invention can

  be made and in which: Figure 1 is a side view of an apparatus according to the invention more particularly intended for the suction of a fluid substance. Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view along line II

II of Figure 1.

  FIG. 3 is a side view of an apparatus according to a variant application of the invention, more particularly intended for

  distribution of a fluid substance.

  Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view along line IV

IV of Figure 3.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view of a pump body common to

two aforementioned applications.

  Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view along line VI

VI of Figure 5.

  Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view along line VII

VII of Figure 5.

  Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a piston and its control rod more particularly adapted to the function

of the appliance.

  Figure 9 is a gripping and manual control element

of the piston rod.

  FIG. 10 is a view in longitudinal section of a piston and of its control rod more particularly adapted to the

sprayer function.

  Figure 11 is a gripping and manual control element

  of the piston rod according to a variant.

  Figure 12 is a side view of the control element of the

figure 11.

  Figure 13 is a plan view of a common fixed guide axis

  to both applications of the device.

  Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view along the line

XIV XIV of figure 13.

  FIG. 15 is a top view according to FIGS. 13 and 14.

  Figures 16, 17, 18 are respectively, plan, side and end views of a locking member of the piston rod

common to both applications.

  Figure 19 is a plan view of a tip

  particularly intended for spraying.

  Figure 20 is a sectional view along line XX of Figure 19. Figure 21 is a plan view of a nozzle more

  particularly intended for aspiration.

  Figure 22 is a view along line XXII XXII of Figure 21. Figure 23 is a plan view of a bent outlet nozzle according to an alternative embodiment here applied to the spray. Figure 24 is a sectional view along line XXIV XXIV of the

figure 23.

  Figures 25 and 25A are views in longitudinal section of a nozzle according to an alternative embodiment, respectively before

and during spraying.

  Figures 26 and 26A are views in longitudinal section of a nozzle identical to that of Figures 25, 25 A, respectively

before and during an aspiration.

  FIG. 27 is a side view of an apparatus, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, intended both for

  aspiration as when spraying a fluid substance.

  Figure 28 is a sectional view of an apparatus, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, intended both for

  aspiration as when spraying a fluid substance.

  Figure 29 is a sectional view along the line ', Wr of

Figure 28.

  Figure 30 is a block diagram of the operation of a

  device according to Figures 28 and 29.

  Figure 31 is a perspective view of a piston of an apparatus

according to Figures 28, 29 and 30.

  The suction device 1 designated as a whole in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises, in common with the spraying device 1A represented in FIGS. 3 and 4, a pumping member 2 2A represented in an armed position I, the position

  disarmed II being illustrated in dotted lines.

  The pumping member 2, 2A consists of a piston 3, 3A of which a head 4, 4A is extended by a manual control rod 5, A actuated in linear displacement in a pump body 6 forming a chamber 6a, in l occurrence of depression, intended to cause aspiration to collect a substance (not shown) to be collected in a disposable tip 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, adapted to the end of the pump body 6 as will be described

further.

  The ends 7, 7A, 7B, 7C correspond to variant embodiments which will also be described during the

description which follows.

  As also visible in these figures the piston 3, 3A is guided axially in the pump body 6 by means of a fixed guide axis 8 on which is capable of sliding

  freely a bore 9 formed in the piston rod 3, 3A.

  Furthermore, the fixed guide axis 8 of the piston 3, 3A is integral with the pump body 6 at its end directed towards the nozzle 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, by means of an open pellet 10, does not not opposing the passage of air, obtained in one piece with the fixed guide axis 8 and supported in its

  peripheral zone on a flange 11 of said pump body 6.

  The air passage in fact takes place through the patch 10 thanks to recesses 12 four in number, regularly distributed. The open pad 10 produced at the end of the fixed guide axis 8 of the piston 3.3A, extends towards the outside of the pump body 6 by an axial peripheral flange 13 capable of cooperating with a corresponding lower peripheral zone 14 of the nozzle 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, by means of the

removable fixing.

  These means may for example be constituted by threaded parts (not shown) produced respectively on the flange 13 of the fixed guide axis 8 and on the part

  14 corresponding to the removable tip 7, 7A, 7B, 7C.

  But according to a preferred embodiment and shown in the figures, the removable fixing means consist of lugs 15 produced radially on the periphery of the flange 13 of the fixed guide axis 8 and are able to cooperate by rotation with lights bayonet-shaped corresponding 16 obtained on corresponding lower parts 14 of

the nozzle 7, 7A, 7B, 7C.

  The bottom 17 of the pump body 6 is crossed at its end opposite to the end piece 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, by the rod 5, 5A of piston 3.3A, opening out freely in a recessed part 18 produced in extension of said body pump 6 and accessible to allow manual action on the rod 5, 5A piston 3.3A in one direction

or in the other.

  Specifically, reserved for the spraying function, as illustrated by the device 1A of FIGS. 3 and 4, the administration of a fluid substance which is effected by the pump SA pumping is obtained by first bringing the piston head 4A 3A in a low position I against an elastic thrust member 19 arranged under the piston head 4A 3A between the latter and the bottom 17 of the pump body 6, said piston 3A being held in this position by means of arming means 20 which are automatically lockable and unlockable by voluntary manual action, capable of causing the sudden return of the piston 3A to the high position II, the resulting compression of air then acting in thrust on the fluid substance contained in the nozzle 7A, 7B, to cause its expulsion under

  a shape chosen according to the application.

  In this case, the nozzle 7A, 7B is in itself a container delimiting an internal chamber 21A intended for the integration of a fluid substance to be administered subsequently and which is hermetically closed on the one hand at its upper part intended for distribution. of the substance by a sectionable cap 22 and on the other hand at its lower part directed towards the piston 3A, by a closure cap 23 constituted at least in part by a membrane 24 which can be torn apart by the only air pressure, during a pushing action of the piston 3A, triggered voluntarily to cause the expulsion of the substance from the nozzle 7A,

after removing the cap 22.

  According to another specific manner reserved for the vacuum cleaner function, as illustrated by the device 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2, the removal of a fluid substance which is carried out by aspiration of the pump 2 is obtained by bringing the head 4 beforehand. piston 3 in a high position I against an elastic thrust member 19 disposed on the head 4 of piston 3 between the latter and the pad 10 of the fixed guide axis 8, said piston 4 being held in this position I by means of arming means 20 which are automatically lockable and unlockable by voluntary manual action, capable of causing the sudden return of the piston 3 to the low position II, the resulting air depression then acting as suction on the substance to take to collect it in the disposable tip

7.

  In this second case, the endpiece 7 is in itself a container delimiting an internal chamber 21 intended for the integration of a fluid substance to be collected and which comprises on the one hand an opening 25 made at its upper part which can be closed or not, to allow the introduction of the substance from the outside and which is on the other hand closed at its lower part by a filter member 26 capable of allowing air, but not the substance, to pass during an action aspiration carried out by the piston 3, to obtain the sampling of the substance in

disposable tip 7.

  Furthermore, the arming means 20 are constituted by a push button 27 capable of sliding radially in a blind drawer 28 produced under the pump body 6 which button 27 comprises on the one hand an oblong slot 29 allowing its operation in translation relative to to the piston rod 5, 5A 3, 3A which passes through it and on the other hand an elastic return member 30 interposed between said button 27 and the bottom of the drawer 28 so that when the piston 3, 3A is cocked a internal spoiler 31 of the oblong slot 29 of the button 27 automatically cooperates with a peripheral shoulder 32 of the guide axis 8 of the piston 3, SA resulting from a reduction 33 of its diameter. It should be noted here that depending on whether it is a suction device 1 (fig 1 and 2) or spraying 1A (fig 3 and 4), the piston rod 5, 5A 3, 3A will have a reduction 33 of its diameter, respectively in its lower part opposite to the head 4 of the piston 3 or in its upper part near the head 4A

of piston 3A.

  It is also noted in FIGS. 2,8 and 4, 10 that the heads 4 and 4A of piston 3, 3 A have an axial housing respectively 34 and 34A intended to constitute a seat at

spring 19.

  As can also be noted, the rod 5, 5A of the piston 3, 3A comprises at its outgoing free end, a gripping member 35 or 36 or 37 visible respectively in FIGS. 1, 2, 9 or 3, 4 or 11, 12 which may be of various shapes and whether or not comprising a seat 39 for the thumb of a user, depending on whether it is to act on rearmament by pulling on the piston 3A for subsequent action in compression or on acting reset by

  thrust on the piston 3 for subsequent vacuum action.

  According to an alternative embodiment, Figures 23 and 24 show a nozzle 7B extending by a cannula 38 forming an angle

  substantially perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.

  Of course, the same characteristic can be transposed on

  a nozzle 7, 7A, 7C intended for suction or spraying.

  Preferably, all the constituent parts of the device, whether it acts as a sprayer or vacuum cleaner,

  are obtained by molding of recyclable plastic.

  According to another alternative embodiment, the end piece 7C shown in FIGS. 25, 25A, and 26, 26A comprises lower closing means, whether it is intended for a substance to

collect or administer.

  These means consist of a flexible and deformable membrane forming a hermetic cap whose open introduction part 41 is secured to the lower part of the end piece 7C, the said cap being capable of being rolled up to form a chamber 21B in a suction direction F1 or discharge direction F2 caused by the pumping member 2, 2A, depending on whether the nozzle 7C is intended for sampling or administration

of a fluid substance.

  It is easy to understand that the advantage provided by such a nozzle 7C is not only to be versatile for spraying and aspiration, but moreover it is perfectly waterproof.

  substance in all cases.

  By way of nonlimiting example, the membrane 40 could be made of a material known under the trade name.

"LATEX".

  The other characteristics of the 7C nozzle are unchanged by

  compared to those of the ends 7, 7A, or 7B.

  Other improvements can also be made without

  provided that this is outside the scope of this example embodiment.

  Thus, for example, means for slowing down or damping the piston at the end of the stroke may be provided and constituted by an elastic member such as a compression spring with variable characteristics, in order to obtain an initial greater relaxation than the end of stroke force

piston.

  This can also be obtained by giving the internal bore of the pump body a slight taper in its part corresponding to the end of stroke of the piston so as to constitute a narrowing causing a sliding jamming.

piston.

  One can also imagine other solutions such as by using hydraulic braking means or else by having a flexible foam stopper in the form of a ring to be placed in the end-of-travel area, or an electric motor or a miniaturized battery , as will be seen later. With regard to the nozzle 7A intended for the distribution of a substance previously stored in a chamber 21A, a variant of piercing the latter could consist in having a striker (not shown) at the end of the head 4A of the piston 3A ) coming to burst membrane 24 or open any

  another kind of cover forming a valve.

  It is also possible to provide for the thrust of the piston, for spraying, for example, using the pressure of a gas, packaged in the form of a cartridge, introduced and released.

in the pump body.

  According to an alternative embodiment of the apparatus IB (FIG. 27) also intended to implement either a nozzle 7, 7A, 7B, 7C above described, the pumping member 2B consists of an element made of flexible material, elastically deformable , forming a bulb, the upper free end 42 of which is in connection with the corresponding connection part 14 of the end piece 7, 7A, 7B, 7C and comprises a valve 43 capable of regulating an air flow rate in suction or in discharge depending on whether the bulb 2B is respectively placed in a state of depression by a prior manual constraint, to be released more or less gradually through the valve as a function of the suction force to be obtained, or conversely that said pear 2B is at ambient atmospheric pressure, to undergo a subsequent manual stress intended to expel the air which it contains, more or less progressively via the valve 43, depending of the strength of

repression to be obtained.

  According to another characteristic specific to this embodiment, the pear 2B has at its lower part an end capable of being brought into the open air by means of a second valve 44 making it possible to create a vacuum in said pear 2B by manual constraint for suction, by evacuating the air it contains beforehand to a neutral outlet, rather than through its upper free end

  42 intended to be connected to the end piece 7, 7A, 7B, 7C.

  Preferably, the pear 2B is partially integrated in a rigid support 45 leaving an access zone 45a allowing to exert on it the manual constraint to create the depression with a view to aspiration by relaxation, or else expel the air that it contains for delivery, while offering the user an ergonomic means of gripping the

pear 2B.

  According to another characteristic of the device IB, the rigid support 45 comprises a tube 46 forming with it a chosen angle, an external end 46a of said tube 46 comprising connecting means 15 with the corresponding connection part 14 of the end piece 7 , 7A, 7B, 7C to be fixed there, while its opposite end 46b is housed in the body of the support 45 and has a connector 47 intended to cooperate with the end

free 42 of pear 2B.

  Also, the regulating valve 43 provided at the upper free end 42 of the bulb 2B is controlled to open, to allow the discharge of the air which it contains or its suction, by means of a trigger 48 integral of the body of the rigid support 45 and actuated with a finger when

said support is in hand.

  The action of the trigger 48 is carried out by means of a pin 49 able to penetrate into a corresponding housing 50 of the

  support 45 and opening to the right of valve 43.

  The valves 43 and 44 are in fact constituted by balls housed in seats 51, 52 formed in conduits 53, 54 of the bulb and which can be brought to the open air by deformation action on said seats 51 or 52 in l 'occurrence in

  rubber. Such a type of valve is known per se.

  According to an alternative embodiment of the device 1C (Fig. 28, 29, and 31), also intended to use either a nozzle 7, 7A, 7B, 7C described above, the pumping member 2C is constituted by a piston 3B, a head 4B of which is extended by a control rod 5B capable of being actuated by an electric motor 55 in linear displacement, in a cylindrical pump body 6B forming a compression or vacuum chamber, depending on whether it is working for delivery or aspiration for administration or withdrawal of the substance

  contained or to be collected in the nozzle 7, 7A, 7B, 7C.

  Such a device can also be grasped by hand thanks to an ergonomic support 56, integrating the motor 55 and its battery 61 supplying the electrical energy. This is arranged in a

housing 57 of the support 56.

  Furthermore, means for converting the rotary movement of the motor 55 into linear movement of the piston 3B are interposed therebetween and are constituted by a rack 58, integral with the control rod 5B of said piston 3B and cooperating

  with a corresponding toothed pinion 59 of the shaft 60 of the motor 55.

  The piston 3B of the apparatus 1C comprises end-of-travel stops, in one direction F3 and in the other F4, of the control rod 5B of the piston 3B, which are constituted by two miniature switches 62, 63 arranged on an element fixed stop 64 opposite a first movable stop constituted by the rear part 65 of the piston head 4B 3B for one and by a second movable stop 66 produced on the opposite end of the control rod 5B

of said piston 3B for the other.

  Also, the motor 55 is provided with electrical control means 67 for starting and stopping, as well as for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor 55, o of the linear displacement of the piston 3B, these means 67 being integrated on a rigid ergonomic support 56 and on which one can act like a trigger. As clearly shown in FIG. 31, the control rod 5B is in fact constituted by a half section of cylinder in which a groove 68 is made in which is attached, by

  force fitting, the rack 58.

  It can also be seen in this figure that the stop 66 is constituted by a quarter of a cylinder cut from the control rod 5B,

initially cylindrical. It can also be specified that the piston head has improved efficiency

  by the presence of the O-rings 69, inserted on its

head 4B.

Claims (24)

  1. End piece intended for an apparatus for distributing and / or withdrawing a fluid substance from a pumping member and by means of which the fluid substance is conveyed in one direction and / or the other by suction and / or air discharge acting under pressure or vice versa under vacuum on said substance, characterized in that said end piece (7, 7A, 7B, 70) constitutes in itself a packaging of the fluid substance withdrawn or to be administered, in delimiting an internal chamber (21, 21A, 21B) independent and isolated from the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B, 2C) by a lower closing means (23, 26, 40) capable of allowing suction, or the delivery of the substance while preventing its transfer to the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B, 2C) when it is stored in said nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7C), which further comprises removable fixing means (15, 16) interposed between a free end (13, 13A, 13B) of the pumping (2, 2A, 2B, 2C) and a corresponding connection part 14 of the nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7C) so as to make the latter independent and interchangeable with respect to said pumping member so that it constitutes a disposable capsule, after a single use and can be replaced by another identical capsule   on the same single pumping device which can be reused indefinitely.   2. A nozzle according to claim 1 characterized in that the removable fixing means are constituted by threaded parts produced respectively on the free end (13) of the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B, 2C) and on the part   corresponding connection (14) of the end piece (7, 7A, 7B, 7C).   3. End piece according to claim 1 characterized in that the removable fixing means consist of lugs (15) produced radially on the periphery of the free end (13) of the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B, 2C) and are able to cooperate by rotation with corresponding bayonet-shaped slots (16) obtained on the corresponding part (14) of the nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7C).   4. End piece according to claim 1 containing a substance to be administered, characterized in that the lower closure means consist of a closure cap (23) constituted at least in part by a tear-off membrane (24), delimiting with a sectionable cap. (22) formed at the upper part of the endpiece (7A) an internal chamber (21A) hermetically enclosing said substance, so that after having removed the cap (22), the membrane (24) can be torn by the only air pressure, during a pressure action supplied by the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B, 2C), triggered voluntarily to cause the expulsion of the substance out said tip (7A).   5. A nozzle according to claim 1 initially empty to allow the removal of a substance characterized in that the lower closure means of the nozzle (7), are constituted by a filter member (26) adapted to allow the air, but not the substance, during a vacuum action supplied by the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B, 2C) triggered voluntarily to cause the suction of the substance through an opening (25) made to the party   upper, closable or not, of said tip (7).   6. A nozzle according to claim 1 characterized in that the lower closure means of the disposable nozzle (7C), whether it is intended for a substance to be taken or administered, are constituted by a flexible and deformable membrane (40) forming a hermetic cap whose open introduction part (41) is integral with the lower part of the end piece (7C), said cap being capable of being rolled up to form a chamber (21B) in a suction direction ( F1) or discharge (F2) caused by the pumping member (2, 2A, 2B), depending on whether the nozzle (7C) is intended for sampling or administration of a fluid substance.   7. End piece according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in   that its upper part is extended by a cannula (38) forming an angle () substantially perpendicular to the axis   longitudinal of the nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7C).   8. Apparatus for the implementation of a nozzle according to one of   Claims I to 7, characterized in that the pumping member   (2, 2A) is constituted by a piston (3, 3A) of which a head (4, 4A) is extended by a rod (5, 5A) suitable for being manually actuated in linear movement in a cylindrical pump body (6) forming a compression (6b) or vacuum (6a) chamber depending on whether it works in delivery or aspiration for the administration or removal of the substance contained or to be collected in the disposable tip (7, 7A, 7B, 7C).   9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the piston (3, 3A) is guided axially in the pump body (6) via a fixed guide axis (8) on which is slidable freely a bore (9) formed in the piston rod (3.3A).   10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixed guide axis (8) of the piston (3.3A) is integral with the pump body (6) at its end directed towards the nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7C), by means of an open patch (10), not opposing the passage of air, obtained in one piece with the fixed guide axis (8) and bearing in its peripheral zone   on a flange (11) of said pump body (6).   11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the open pad (10) formed at the end of the fixed guide axis (8) of the piston (3.3A), extends outward from the body of pump (6) by an axial peripheral flange (13) capable of cooperating with a corresponding internal peripheral zone (14) of the nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7C) by   by means of the removable fixing means (15, 16).   12. Apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 11 characterized   in that the bottom (17) of the pump body (6) is crossed at its end opposite the end piece (7, 7A, 7B, 70) by the piston rod (5, 5A) (3.3A), freely opening into a recessed part (18) produced as an extension of said pump body (6) and accessible to allow manual action on the rod (5, 5A)   piston (3.3A) in one direction or the other.   13. Apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized   in that the administration of a fluid substance which is effected by pumping back the pump (3A) is obtained by bringing the head (4A) of the piston (3A) in a low position (I) against d '' an elastic thrust member (19) disposed under the piston head (4A) (3A) between the latter and the bottom (17) of the pump body (6), said piston (SA) being held in this position by arming means (20) which can be locked automatically and unlocked by voluntary manual action, capable of causing the sudden return of the piston (3A) to the high position (II), the resulting compression of air then acting on the thrust fluid substance contained in one end piece (7A, 7B, 7C) to cause its expulsion in a form   chosen according to the application.   14. Apparatus according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized   in that the removal of a fluid substance which is effected by aspiration of the pump (2) is obtained by bringing the head (4) of the piston (3) in a high position (I) against an elastic thrust member (19) disposed on the piston head (4) (3) between the latter and the pad (10) of the fixed guide pin (8), said piston (4) being held in this position (I) thanks to arming means (20) which can be locked automatically and unlocked by voluntary manual action, capable of causing the sudden return of the piston (3) to the low position (SI), the resulting air depression acting then aspiration on the substance to   take to collect it in the disposable tip (7, 7C).   15. Apparatus according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized   in that the arming means (20) consist of a push button (27) capable of sliding radially in a blind drawer (28) produced under the pump body (6) which button (27) comprises on the one hand an oblong slot (29) allowing it to maneuver in translation relative to the piston rod (5, 5A) (3, 3A) which passes through it and on the other hand an elastic return member (30) interposed between said button (27 ) and the bottom of the drawer (28) so that when cocking the piston (3, 3A) an internal spoiler (31) of the oblong slot (29) of the button (27) comes to automatically cooperate with a peripheral shoulder ( 32) of the piston pin guide (8) (3, 3A)   resulting from a reduction (33) in its diameter.   16. Apparatus for implementing a nozzle according to one of   claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the pumping member   (2B) is constituted by an element made of flexible material, elastically deformable, forming a pear, the upper free end (42) of which is in connection with the corresponding connection part (14) of the end piece (7, 7A, 7B, 7C) and comprises a valve (43) capable of regulating an air flow in suction or in discharge depending on whether the bulb (2B) is respectively placed in a state of depression by a prior manual constraint, to be released more or less gradually by the intermediary of the valve as a function of the suction force to be obtained, or conversely that said pear (2B) is under ambient atmospheric pressure, to undergo a subsequent manual stress intended to expel the air which it contains, more or less progressively via the valve (43), in   function of the delivery force to be obtained.   17. Apparatus according to claim 16 characterized in that the pear (2B) has at its lower part an end capable of being brought into the open air by means of a second valve (44) making it possible to create a vacuum in said pear (2B) by manual constraint for suction, by evacuating the air it contains beforehand to a neutral outlet, rather than through its upper free end   (42) intended to be connected to the end piece (7, 7A, 7B, 7C).   18. Apparatus according to claims 16 or 17 characterized in that   that the pear (2B) is partially integrated in a rigid support (45) leaving an access zone (45a) allowing to exert on it the manual constraint to create the depression with a view to aspiration by loosening, or else expel the air it contains for delivery, while offering the user an ergonomic means of gripping the pear (2B).   19. Apparatus according to claim 18 characterized in that the   rigid support (45) comprises a tube (46) forming therewith   ci a selected angle, an outer end (46a) of said tube (46) comprising connecting means (15) with the corresponding connection part (14) of the end piece (7, 7A, 7B, 7C) to be fixed there , while its opposite end (46b) is housed in the body of the support (45) and has a connector (47) intended to   cooperate with the free end (42) of the bulb (2B).   20. Apparatus according to one of claims 16 to 19 characterized   in that the regulating valve (43) formed at the upper free end (42) of the bulb (2B) is controlled to open, to allow the discharge of the air which it contains or its aspiration, by the intermediate a trigger (48) integral with the body of the rigid support (45) and actuated by a finger when said support is in hand.   21. Apparatus for the implementation of a nozzle according to one of   claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the pumping member   (2C) is constituted by a piston (3B) of which a head (4B) is extended by a control rod (5B) capable of being actuated by an electric motor (55) in linear movement, in a cylindrical pump body (6B ) forming a compression or vacuum chamber, depending on whether it works in delivery or suction for the administration or removal of the   substance contained or to be collected in the nozzle (7, 7A, 7B, 7c).   22. Apparatus according to claim 21 characterized in that means for converting the rotary movement of the motor (55) into   linear movement of the piston (3B) are interposed between them   ci and consist of a rack (58), integral with the control rod (5B) of said piston (3B) and cooperating with a   corresponding toothed pinion (59) of the shaft (60) of the motor (55).   23. Apparatus according to claim 22 characterized in that it includes limit stop stops, in one direction (F3) and in the other (F4), of the control rod (5B) of the piston (3B), which consist of two miniature breakers (62, 63) arranged on a fixed stop element (64) opposite a first movable stop constituted by the rear part (65) of the piston head (4B) (3B) for the '' and by a second movable stop (66) produced on the opposite end of the control rod (5B) of said piston (3B) for the other.   24. Apparatus according to one of claims 21 to 23 characterized   in that the motor (55) is provided with electrical control means (67) for starting and stopping, as well as for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor (55), hence the linear displacement of the piston (3B ), these means (67) being integrated on an ergonomic rigid support (56) and on which one can act in the manner of a trigger.