FR2691826A1 - Coelio-surgery simulator for teaching and training of surgeons - uses semi-rigid envelope in form of human body, with coeloscope connected to video camera and to video screen - Google Patents

Coelio-surgery simulator for teaching and training of surgeons - uses semi-rigid envelope in form of human body, with coeloscope connected to video camera and to video screen Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2691826A1
FR2691826A1 FR9206600A FR9206600A FR2691826A1 FR 2691826 A1 FR2691826 A1 FR 2691826A1 FR 9206600 A FR9206600 A FR 9206600A FR 9206600 A FR9206600 A FR 9206600A FR 2691826 A1 FR2691826 A1 FR 2691826A1
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Prior art keywords
abdomen
human
envelope
video camera
orifices
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FR9206600A
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French (fr)
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Allal Hossein
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Individual
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Individual
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30Anatomical models
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00707Dummies, phantoms; Devices simulating patient or parts of patient

Abstract

The envelope(2) has a hinged cover(4) in which there are orifices(6). In the central part of the envelope(2) is a cavity(30) which has the internal form of the human abdomen. In use, one of the orifices receives a coeloscope(7) connected to a video camera(10) and to a video screen(11). A surgical instrument is introduced into at least one of the other orifices in the simulator. Arranged in the cavity are reproductions(40,50,60) of parts of the organs normally present in the abdomen.

Description

L'invention concerne un appareil de simulation d'actes coeliochirurgicaux, destiné notamment à l'enseignement et à l'apprentissage de la coeliochirurgie. The invention relates to an apparatus for simulating laparoscopic procedures, intended in particular for teaching and learning about laparoscopic surgery.

La coeliochirurgie est une technique récente consistant à opérer à l'intérieur de l'abdomen sans laparotomie (c'est-à-dire sans ouverture de la paroi). Laparoscopy is a recent technique consisting in operating inside the abdomen without laparotomy (that is to say without opening the wall).

L'intervention est faite à l'aide d'instruments introduits par des orifices pratiqués dans la paroi antérieure de l'abdomen et suivis gracie à une caméra vidéo montée sur un coelioscope et reliée à un écran vidéo. Cette technique permet d'intervenir dans de nombreux cas, par exemple ablation de la vésicule biliaire, de l'appendice, de kystes ovariens, et ses indications ne cessent d'augmenter.The intervention is made using instruments introduced through orifices made in the anterior wall of the abdomen and followed thanks to a video camera mounted on a laparoscope and connected to a video screen. This technique makes it possible to intervene in many cases, for example removal of the gall bladder, appendix, ovarian cysts, and its indications are constantly increasing.

Elle nécessite toutefois un apprentissage car le chirurgien ne retrouve pas les gestes habituels de la chirurgie traditionnelle, du fait entre autres que son champ de vision est limité par la position du coelioscope et lui est restitué en bidimensionnel sur l'écran vidéo. However, it requires learning because the surgeon does not find the usual gestures of traditional surgery, because among other things that his field of vision is limited by the position of the laparoscope and is returned to him in two dimensions on the video screen.

A l'heure actuelle, l'entraînement est réalisé dans des dispositifs de type aquarium qui ne restituent pas les difficultés de l'intervention réelle et faussent certains gestes, et les essais sur animaux (porcs > sont en pratique très difficilement envisageables. At present, training is carried out in aquarium-type devices which do not restore the difficulties of the real intervention and distort certain gestures, and animal tests (pigs> are in practice very difficult to envisage.

Pour résoudre le problème posé par la nécessité d'un apprentissage et d'un entraînement avant toute intervention sur un être humain, il est fourni selon la présente invention un appareil de simulation d'actes coeliochirurgicaux, comprenant une enveloppe semi-rigide s' adaptant à la forme de buste humain dont la partie correspondant sensiblement à la paroi antérieure de l'abdomen définit un couvercle articulé et est percée d'orifices, et un bloc rigide en forme de buste humain contenu dans l'enveloppe et comportant dans sa partie centrale une cavité reproduisant le relief interne de l'abdomen humain. To solve the problem posed by the need for learning and training before any intervention on a human being, there is provided according to the present invention a device for simulating laparoscopic procedures, comprising a semi-rigid envelope adapting to in the form of a human bust, the part corresponding substantially to the anterior wall of the abdomen defines an articulated cover and is pierced with orifices, and a rigid block in the form of a human bust contained in the envelope and comprising in its central part a cavity reproducing the internal relief of the human abdomen.

En service, l'un des orifices pratiqués dans le couvercle reçoit un coelioscope relié à une caméra vidéo et à un écran vidéo et des instruments chirurgicaux appropriés sont introduits dans la cavité interne par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs des autres orifices
Avantageusement, la cavité interne reçoit, selon une disposition conforme à l'anatomie humaine, des reproductions des organes normalement présents dans l'abdomen. De préférence encore, ces reproductions sont creuses, ont des parois de consistance similaire à celle des organes naturels et contiennent un liquide.
In service, one of the openings in the cover receives a laparoscope connected to a video camera and a video screen and appropriate surgical instruments are introduced into the internal cavity via one or more of the other openings
Advantageously, the internal cavity receives, according to a layout conforming to human anatomy, reproductions of the organs normally present in the abdomen. More preferably, these reproductions are hollow, have walls of consistency similar to that of natural organs and contain a liquid.

Il en résulte que la personne qui manipule les instruments se trouve placée dans des conditions pratiquement sinon strictement identiques à celles d'une intervention sur un patient et peut suivre sur l'écran l'effet indirect de ses gestes. En outre la présence de reproductions d'organes, volontairement fragiles mais facilement remplaçables par ouverture du couvercle, restitue encore les difficultés de l'intervention. As a result, the person who handles the instruments is placed in conditions which are practically otherwise strictly identical to those of an intervention on a patient and can follow the indirect effect of his gestures on the screen. In addition, the presence of organ reproductions, deliberately fragile but easily replaceable by opening the cover, further restores the difficulties of the intervention.

Cet appareil permet non seulement au chirurgien de s'entraîner mais il lui permet en outre d'enseigner la pratique de la coeliochirurgie tant à des étudiants qu'aux personnels travaillant en bloc opératoire, les rendant ainsi plus à même de l'assister. This device not only allows the surgeon to train but it also allows him to teach the practice of laparoscopic surgery to both students and staff working in the operating room, thus making them more able to assist him.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'appareil de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante, faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels
la figure 1 est une vue générale de l'appareil de simulation selon la présente invention,
la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'appareil selon la figure 1,
la figure 3 est une vue en perspective du bloc interne de l'appareil de la figure 2, et
les figures 4a à 4c sont des exemples des reproductions d'organes utilisables dans l'appareil de la figure 1.
Other characteristics and advantages of the apparatus of the present invention will appear on reading the following description, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is a general view of the simulation apparatus according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the device according to FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the internal block of the apparatus of FIG. 2, and
FIGS. 4a to 4c are examples of the reproductions of organs usable in the apparatus of FIG. 1.

La figure 1 représente de manière générale un appareil selon l'invention vu de dessus avec indication de son environnement en service et en traits mixtes le positionnement d'un patient virtuel, les zones A, B et C indiquant respectivement les places du chirurgien et de ses premier et second aides. FIG. 1 represents in general a device according to the invention seen from above with indication of its operating environment and in dashed lines the positioning of a virtual patient, the zones A, B and C respectively indicating the places of the surgeon and of his first and second helpers.

L'appareil 1 selon l'invention comporte une enveloppe 2 semi-rigide pouvant s'adapter à la forme d'un buste humain. Bulle contient un bloc rigide 3 visible sur les figures 2 et 3 et décrit plus en détail ci-après. A la partie de l'enveloppe 2 correspondant à la paroi antérieure de l'abdomen, il est prévu un couvercle d'accès 4 articulé sur une ou des charnières 5 (figure 2 > . The device 1 according to the invention comprises a semi-rigid envelope 2 which can adapt to the shape of a human bust. Bulle contains a rigid block 3 visible in Figures 2 and 3 and described in more detail below. At the part of the envelope 2 corresponding to the anterior wall of the abdomen, there is an access cover 4 articulated on one or more hinges 5 (FIG. 2>.

Des orifices 6 sont perces à travers le couvercle 4 pour laisser passage à un coelioscope 7 et à des instruments chirurgicaux divers 8,8a du type pinces, ciseaux,..., par l'intermédiaire de trocarts 9. Les trocarts sont disposés selon les besoins les plus courants, à savoir un dans un orifice sous-ombilical pour le coelioscope, deux dans deux orifices latéraux et un dans un orifice antérieur, mais d'autres dispositions peuvent être prises selon le type d'opérations à simuler. Le coelioscope 7 est relié à une caméra vidéo 10 et un écran vidéo 11, ce qui permet de visualiser le déplacement et le mouvement des instruments chirurgicaux en dessous du couvercle 4.  Holes 6 are drilled through the cover 4 to allow passage to a laparoscope 7 and to various surgical instruments 8,8a of the forceps, scissors, ... type, via trocars 9. The trocars are arranged according to the most common needs, namely one in an under-umbilical opening for the laparoscope, two in two lateral openings and one in an anterior opening, but other arrangements can be made depending on the type of operation to be simulated. The laparoscope 7 is connected to a video camera 10 and a video screen 11, which makes it possible to visualize the movement and the movement of the surgical instruments below the cover 4.

L'enveloppe externe 2 contient un bloc rigide 3 dans lequel est ménagée une cavité 30 dont la surface interne 31 reproduit le relief interne d'un abdomen humain. Ce bloc rigide 3 est un bloc de mousse dure, par exemple en polyuréthanne rigide. La cavité 30 peut être obtenue soit lors de la préparation du bloc de mousse à l'aide d'un moule approprié soit par creusement de la cavité dans un bloc en forme de buste. La surface de la cavité peut recevoir une couche de finition, par exemple de mastic poncé. The external envelope 2 contains a rigid block 3 in which a cavity 30 is formed, the internal surface 31 of which reproduces the internal relief of a human abdomen. This rigid block 3 is a block of hard foam, for example made of rigid polyurethane. The cavity 30 can be obtained either during the preparation of the foam block using a suitable mold or by digging the cavity in a block in the form of a bust. The surface of the cavity can receive a finishing layer, for example of sanded putty.

L'enveloppe est réalisée par exemple en matière plastique, notamment en polyéthylène d'une épaisseur suffisante pour obtenir la rigidité nécessaire au maintien approximatif de sa forme et permettant cependant de l'adapter étroitement autour du bloc 3, grâce à des attaches 12 du type ruban à crochets et boucles (Velcro@).  The envelope is made for example of plastic material, in particular of polyethylene of sufficient thickness to obtain the rigidity necessary for the approximate maintenance of its shape and nevertheless making it possible to adapt it closely around the block 3, thanks to fasteners 12 of the type hook and loop tape (Velcro @).

La partie de l'enveloppe formant le couvercle 4 est également réalisée en matière plastique, du même type que pour le reste de l'enveloppe, mais est avantageusement doublée d' une couche de mousse souple (notamment polyéthylène) pour simuler l'épaisseur et la consistance de la paroi de l'abdomen. The part of the envelope forming the cover 4 is also made of plastic, of the same type as for the rest of the envelope, but is advantageously lined with a layer of flexible foam (in particular polyethylene) to simulate the thickness and the consistency of the wall of the abdomen.

L'ensemble est de préférence maintenu sur un socle 13 (figure 2) qui en assure la stabilité. The assembly is preferably held on a base 13 (Figure 2) which ensures its stability.

Des reproductions d'organes sont disposées en respectant l'anatomie humaine, dans la cavité 30 de manière à simuler l'intérieur du corps humain. Ces reproductions sont maintenues en place par des attaches également en Velcro ou similaire. Organ reproductions are arranged respecting the human anatomy, in the cavity 30 so as to simulate the interior of the human body. These reproductions are held in place by fasteners also in Velcro or similar.

Avantageusement ces reproductions sont creuses et sont réalisées par thermosoudage de matière plastique souple et translucide. Elles sont remplies avant leur mise en place par un liquide, de préférence coloré selon la coloration normale de l'organe qu'elles reproduisent : vert pour la vésicule biliaire et le canal cystique, rouge pour les artères cystique et appendiculaire, brun pour les matières fécales, jaune citron pour les kystes ovariens, etc... L'étanchéité après remplissage est obtenue par thermosoudage (tout bloc opératoire possède un appareil de thermosoudage pour l'emballage des instruments et accessoires après stérilisation). Advantageously, these reproductions are hollow and are produced by heat sealing of flexible and translucent plastic material. They are filled before their placement with a liquid, preferably colored according to the normal coloration of the organ which they reproduce: green for the gallbladder and the cystic duct, red for the cystic and appendicular arteries, brown for the materials faeces, lemon yellow for ovarian cysts, etc. The tightness after filling is obtained by heat sealing (any operating room has a heat sealing device for packaging instruments and accessories after sterilization).

De telles reproductions d'organes ont une fragilité et une consistance qui sont proches de celles des organes réels, ce qui met l'opérateur dans les meilleures conditions pour un entraînement efficace. Such organ reproductions have a fragility and a consistency which are close to those of real organs, which puts the operator in the best conditions for effective training.

La figure 4a représente schématiquement une vésicule biliaire 40 constituée par une poche remplie de liquide vert Ccomme la bile naturelle) prolongée par un canal cystique 41 et une artère cystique 42 contenant respectivement du liquide vert et du liquide rouge. La vésicule biliaire est fixée à un bloc de mousse en forme de foie (non representé) par des attaches Velcro ou similaires. FIG. 4a schematically represents a gall bladder 40 constituted by a pocket filled with green liquid (like natural bile) extended by a cystic duct 41 and a cystic artery 42 containing respectively green liquid and red liquid. The gallbladder is attached to a block of liver-shaped foam (not shown) by Velcro or similar fasteners.

La figure 4b représente schématiquement un intestin 50 (colon + grêle > en mousse pleine auquel est adjoint un bloc coecum 51 et appendice 52 en plastique thermoformé contenant de l'air. Il est prévu un mésoappendice et une artère appendiculaire simulés. FIG. 4b schematically represents an intestine 50 (colon + small> full foam> to which is added a coecum block 51 and appendage 52 made of thermoformed plastic containing air. There is provided a simulated meso-appendix and an appendicular artery.

La figure 4c représente également schématiquement un utérus 60 avec trompe 61 et ovaire 62 dont le contenu sera un liquide incolore. Un ou des kystes ovariens seront constitués par des boules creuses contenant un liquide jaune citron et fixées sur l'ovaire par des attaches Velcro ou similaire. FIG. 4c also schematically represents a uterus 60 with a tube 61 and an ovary 62, the content of which will be a colorless liquid. One or more ovarian cysts will consist of hollow balls containing a lemon yellow liquid and fixed to the ovary by Velcro or similar fasteners.

Pour un entraînement a une opération, on procède comme suit:
- préparation et mise en place dans la cavité des organes voulus (ceux visés dans l'opération seulement ou la totalité),
- fermeture du couvercle,
- mise en place du coelioscope dans le trocart sousombilical et raccordement à la caméra vidéo,
- mise en place des instruments de préhension et d'intervention dans les trocarts correspondants
pour une appendicectomie, pince de préhension
dans le trocart latéral gauche et instruments,
dans le trocart latéral droit, pour effectuer
successivement la recherche de l'appendice, la
simulation de la dissection du mésoappendice et
de la coagulation de l'artère appendiculaire puis
l'appendicectomie elle-même,
pour une cholecystectomie, instruments
appropriés, dans le trocart latéral droit et le
trocart antérieur, pour la dissection du canal
cystique et de l'artère cystique, leur clipsage à
l'aide d'endoclips et leur sectionnement, puis
l'enlèvement de la vésicule biliaire par
décrochage des attaches Velcro,
pour les autres actes, comme cela se fait lors
d'interventions classiques, les deux exemples
précédents étant simplement illustratifs.
For an operation training, we proceed as follows:
- preparation and installation in the cavity of the desired organs (those targeted in the operation only or all),
- closing of the cover,
- placement of the laparoscope in the sububilical trocar and connection to the video camera,
- installation of gripping and intervention instruments in the corresponding trocars
for appendectomy, gripper
in the left lateral trocar and instruments,
in the right lateral trocar, to perform
successively the search for the appendix, the
simulation of dissection of the mesoappendix and
coagulation of the appendicular artery then
the appendectomy itself,
for a cholecystectomy, instruments
appropriate, in the right lateral trocar and
anterior trocar, for dissection of the canal
cystic and cystic artery, their clipping to
using endoclips and their sectioning, then
removal of the gallbladder by
release of Velcro fasteners,
for other acts, as is done during
of classic interventions, the two examples
previous ones being merely illustrative.

On voit donc que l'appareil de simulation décrit précédemment permet à un chirurgien - d' une part de se familiariser avec une opération en vision indirecte, en suivant sur l'écran vidéo le résultat des mouvements qu' il imprime aux instruments, avec apprentissage du repérage, de la manipulation de pinces, ciseaux et autres, et entraînement sur organes simulés et d'autre part d'enseigner à des étudiants ou au personnel d'un bloc opératoire le déroulement d'une opération emplacement des opérateurs et des aides, rôle de chacun, explications des gestes, etc...  We therefore see that the simulation device described above allows a surgeon - on the one hand to familiarize himself with an operation in indirect vision, by following on the video screen the result of the movements which he prints on the instruments, with learning location, manipulation of pliers, scissors and others, and training on simulated organs and on the other hand to teach students or the staff of an operating theater the operation of an operation location of operators and assistants, role of each, explanations of gestures, etc ...

Claims (6)

REVEND I CAT IONSRESELL I CAT IONS 1.- Appareil de simulation d'actes coeliochirurgicaux, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une enveloppe (2) semi-rigide en forme de buste humain dont la partie correspondant sensiblement à la paroi antérieure de l'abdomen définit un couvercle C4) articulé et est percée d'orifices (6), et un bloc rigide (3) en forme de buste humain contenu dans l'enveloppe (2) et comportant dans sa partie centrale une cavité (30 > reproduisant le relief interne de l'abdomen humain. 1.- Apparatus for simulating coeliosurgical procedures, characterized in that it comprises a semi-rigid envelope (2) in the form of a human bust, the part of which substantially corresponds to the anterior wall of the abdomen defines a hinged cover C4) and is pierced with orifices (6), and a rigid block (3) in the form of a human bust contained in the envelope (2) and comprising in its central part a cavity (30> reproducing the internal relief of the human abdomen . 2.- Appareil de simulation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (4) articulé est maintenu en position fermée par des attaches (12) du type rubans à boucles et crochets. 2.- Simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinged cover (4) is held in the closed position by fasteners (12) of the ribbons type with loops and hooks. 3.- Appareil de simulation selon l'une ou l'autre des revendicatlons 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que, en service, l'un des orifices pratiqués dans le couvercle reçoit un coelioscope (7) relié à une caméra vidéo (10) et un écran vidéo (il) et au moins un instrument chirurgical est introduit par au moins un des autres orifices pratiqués dans le couvercle. 3.- Simulation apparatus according to one or other of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, in service, one of the orifices made in the cover receives a laparoscope (7) connected to a video camera (10 ) and a video screen (il) and at least one surgical instrument is introduced through at least one of the other orifices made in the cover. 4.- Appareil de simulation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérise en ce que sont disposées, dans la cavité interne du bloc rigide et d'une manière respectant l'anatomie humaine, des reproductions (40,50,60) des organes normalement présents dans l'abdomen. 4.- Simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that are arranged, in the internal cavity of the rigid block and in a manner respecting the human anatomy, reproductions (40,50,60 ) organs normally found in the abdomen. 5.- Appareil de simultation selon la revendication 4, .aractérise en ce que lesdites reproductions sont creuses, ont des parois de consistance similaire à celle des organes naturels et contiennent un liquide. 5.- Simultation apparatus according to claim 4, .aractérise in that said reproductions are hollow, have walls of consistency similar to that of natural organs and contain a liquid. 6.- Appareil de simulation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est fixé de manière amovible sur un socle (13).  6. Simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is removably fixed on a base (13).
FR9206600A 1992-06-01 1992-06-01 Coelio-surgery simulator for teaching and training of surgeons - uses semi-rigid envelope in form of human body, with coeloscope connected to video camera and to video screen Withdrawn FR2691826A1 (en)

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