FR2569745A1 - Structure of triangular cross-section which may be used in particular as a residence - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure is of the known type having a triangular cross-section : a lower part 100 and two flanks 200 and 300 converging towards a summit. This structure is characterised in that the flanks 200 and 300 rest on supports 102 connected to supporting elements 103 beyond the perimeter of a floor 120 which may be installed independently of these supporting elements 103 and after the flanks 200-300 have been erected. Consequently, it is possible to assemble the structure despite possible foul weather since the parts of the structure which would be subjected to it are insensitive to it, the elements 103 being preferably made of metal or of synthetic material and the flanks 200-300 having the qualities of a "roofing". The floor 120 may, for its part, be of any type since it is installed in the shelter provided by the flanks 200-300. It may particularly be cast in the form of a concrete slab or be laid by juxtaposition of panels and may also carry a floor covering such as a fitted carpet. All the parts making up the structure are preferably sized so as to be transported and handled by two persons who are non-professionals and without any lifting apparatus so that the assembly may be supplied as a "kit".

Description

We have already thought of making structures with a triangular section, especially for making small dwellings or shelters because, as is well known, such a section is as simple as possible geographically and inspired the idea that it was thus possible to reach particularly advantageous cost prices.

The known triangular cross-sectional structures are essentially of two different types: according to the first type, the structure is produced by means very close to those of the construction of buildings and supposes in particular foundations, while according to the second type, rather, it is a mechanical assembly structure.

Patent FR-A-794,256 illustrates a structure of the first type according to which the two inclined slopes are driven into the ground over a certain height and are held there by embedding their ends in a layer of concrete.

The only advantage of the structure described in this patent therefore results from its triangular section but it does not include any particular teaching in terms of concrete implementation.

To illustrate structures of the second type, mention may be made of the following patents - US Pat. No. 3,117,618 describes a dwelling placed on a foundation
treditional, but the triangular structure is of type a
assembly of prefabricated elements.

We notice that this structure supposes the concomitant assembly
on the three sides of the triangular section, namely the two worms
sants inclined and the base horizontal.

- GBA-522 .616 describes a shelter of small dimensions but
carried out according to the same principle as that of the above patent, a
know that the two sides and the base are joined together
other.

- US-A-3,283,693 also provides for the connection of the two worms
health and base to form a set of indissociable elements
separately.

- US-A-3,193,973 which provides for the construction of a base on
which the slopes are fixed directly.

- Patent FR-A-1,453,484, in the name of the applicant, which also provides
The direct attachment of the slopes to the base.

The experience between that the realization of a real prism by direct assembly of the two slopes and the base has very significant disadvantages when the structure is intended to be assembled and possibly dismantled, either because of the provisional nature of its location , or because it is intended to be mounted by unspecified zlr.unnnes and not having to use powerful lifting or support means.

The present invention overcomes this drawback and makes it possible to produce a structure from prefabricated elements which can be delivered in a complete set of the "kit" type and can be transported by only two non-professional people and assembled in a very rapid time.

The ease of assembly and disassembly thus makes it possible to place the structure on any surface such as a floating pontoon or rented or loaned land and not purchased, since the assembly of the structure can be done without any foundation and even without masonry .

Such a structure can serve as an economic dwelling or shelter, in particular on the occasion of leisure activities and can present a great finish, as will appear in the detailed description below.

A structure according to the invention is of the type comprising two inclined slopes converging towards an apex and a horizontal lower part which together give the structure a substantially triangular section, and is characterized in that the spacing of the lower ends of the two slopes measured horizontally is greater than the greatest width of the lower part and in that these slopes are joined to support elements of the lower part by means of lateral supports which hold said slopes so that their lower part is separated support elements and above the surface on which the structure is to be laid, a floor to rest on said support elements.

According to other characteristics of the invention - the support elements of the lower part are formed by
ties placed on beams; - the support elements of the lower part consist of
longitudinal sills; - the floor is filtered by a masonry such as at least one slab
of concrete; - the floor is formed by panels whose length is at most
equal to half the width of the bottom and which are
juxtaposes on the one hand two by two in the transverse direction of the
structure and, on the other hand, in the longitudinal direction of said
structure, the panels being immobilized preferably by means
removable parts ;; - the support elements include cleats arranged in a
spacing equal to the width of the panels1 these being placed on
the support elements, between two battens, means being
intended to make the panels integral with the battens; the means for making the panels integral with the battens are
parts which are engaged in grooves provided in the thickness
panels which are fixed to the battens; - the cleats have a height equal to the distance between the face
bottom of the panels and the underside of the grooves, the space
which remains between the upper face of the battens and the upper face
of the panels being filled with removable fur; - the structure comprises partitions which have, on that of
their edges which must be placed on the ground, a continuous groove which,
before assembly, is filled with a removable rule and which, after
mounting, receives the removed fur and replaces on the rule, it
same Other of the partition groove and placed between two panels
from the floor; - the lateral supports through which the slopes are
together with supporting elements are constituted by pieces in
dividuals ordered in the longitudinal direction of the structure; - longitudinal sections are placed on the individual pieces; - the profiles have a sole integral with an upper return
and / or a lower extension possibly fitted with a rim
internal, the sole can be traversed by holes for the passage
fasteners to the corresponding slope; - the lateral supports through which the slopes are
joined to support elements are formed by profiles
continuous whose length is substantial compared to that of
the structure and advantageously fwee has a modular value by
relation to other elements of the structure; ; - the lateral supports through which the slopes are
combined with supporting elements have an end portion
to be fixed to said support elements, an interm4-
diary inclined against which must be applied the lower part
slopes and a second end portion perpendicular to the
previous and on which the lower edge of the
slopes, said second end portion should be more
lower than the upper level of the solution elements; - the second end part has a return located opposite the
inclined intermediate part, at a distance from it
substantially equal to the thickness of the slopes; the second end part has an extension located more
low it and advantageously provided with an internal rim; - the structure includes interior elements, not of rigidl
fication, such as bars, brackets, panels and partitions which are
connected to the structure, slopes and / or lower part, by
means allowing relative movement of the element consldere and
the structure> - the means by which interior elements are connected to the
structure include members integral with the element under consideration
and parts integral with the structure, assembly members
having to assemble these organs and these parts with interposition dtau
minus an elastic element; - leo means by which interior elements are connected to the
structure include at least two parallel guides, such as
flat cheeks, integral with the structure and between which a
element can be inserted with freedom of parallel sliding
to the guides - the guides are a little more than the thickness of
the corresponding element, this being associated with a part whose
width is slightly greater than the thickness of said element and
substantially equal to the spacing of the guides - each slope is formed by several juxtaposed panels and
preferably joined together with the interposition of a seal 8it8r the panels have adjacent edges which each have a
continuous groove and are joined by an elastic profile which forms
seal and which is engaged in the two grooves of the
facing banks along their entire length, the width of the joint
sealing being slightly greater than the sum of the depths
of said two grooves, so that the two panels are, at
mounting, slightly apart from each other; - the seal is made of elastomer and contains a blade
continuous longitudinal in a resistant material such as metal; - the seal present, in the vicinity of each of its two
ends1 an element such as a hole for the attachment of an organ
pulling the profile such as a link; - The seal is associated with a shell made of a smooth material
and slippery.

The invention will be better understood from the detailed description below made with reference to the accompanying drawing. Of course, the description and the drawing are only given by way of indicative and nonlimiting example.

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a structure according to the invention according to the embodiment providing that the structure is associated with a floor made in the form of a concrete slab.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a structure according to the invention according to the embodiment providing that the structure is associated with a floor made by prefabricated panels.

Figure 3 is a partial schematic perspective view showing the mounting of the slopes, panel by panel.

Figure 4 is a partial schematic view showing the production of support elements of the lower part in the form of cross members and beams.

Figure 5 is a partial schematic view showing the embodiment of the lower part of the structure by the association of beams, sleepers and panels.

Figures 6 to 9 are partial schematic views showing the fixing of the floor made by juxtaposition of panels.

Figures 10 to 13 are partial schematic views showing the installation of the slopes on lateral supports of different types.

Figures 14 to 18 are partial schematic views showing the association of partitions with a floor produced by juxtaposition of panels.

Figure 19 is a schematic overview, showing a structure according to the invention, the slopes are formed by panels and the gables are provided with end profiles.

Figure 20 is a partial schematic view showing an example of the end profile of the slopes.

Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the triangulation of the slopes by means of fixing members such as brackets and ties, allowing play of the panels relative to these bodies.

Figure 22 is a schematic sectional view showing the detail of attachment of an entry to two side panels.

Figures 23 and 24 are schematic views in partial section showing the mounting of interior partitions allowing play between celleaci and the slopes.

Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the sectional structure, facing an interior partition, and illustrating the possibility of play between said partition and the structure.

your Figure 26 is a schematic sectional view showing the connection of two of the juxtaposed panels constituting a slope.

Figure 27 is a schematic view illustrating the possibility of removing and replacing a panel between two other panels already mounted and ismooilisés.

Figures 28 and 29 are partial schematic views respectively showing the removal and the establishment of an elastic seal inserted between two juxtaposed slope panels.

Figures 30 and 31 are perspective views with partial section showing two embodiments of an elastic seal ensuring the seal between two slope panels.

Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that a structure in accordance with the invention comprises a lower part 100 and two slopes 200 and 300 made to have the qualities of wall structure, waterproof cover and insulation.

The lower part 100 comprises support elements on which are fixed lateral supports receiving the lower part of the slopes 200 and 300 and maintaining this lower part so that it is spaced from the lower part and above the surface A on which the structure must be laid.

In FIG. 1, the support elements consist of concrete beams 101 and placed in trenches of the ground A.

On the sills 101, supports 102 are fixed and distributed along the sills according to a spacing and a number corresponding to the length of the slopes 200 and 300 which they support by their lower part.

In FIG. 2, the support elements are constituted by crosspieces 103 placed on beams 104 themselves placed on studs 105 whose surface can be large enough to support the entire structure by being placed on the ground , without sinking, when it is sufficient enough or when it is
a solid surface such as a platform, a floating pontoon, a
vehicle, boat hull etc.

 when this is not the case, the studs 105 can be placed on concrete ones (not shown). In one case as in another, a structure having a lower lower part of the type of that of FIG. 2 can be mounted on a piece of land without occupying it definitively and allowing, consequently, the removal of the structure after dismantling.

According to the embodiment of Figure 1, on the contrary, the grip on the ground A is more restrictive but the realization is much more economical since the sills 101 can be prefabricated in reinforced concrete and therefore have a short low.

It should be noted that the embodiment of FIG. 1, as well as that of FIG. 2, make it possible to assemble the structure starting with the support elements, then by setting up the slopes 200 and 300 independently of a floor which can be carried out after the installation of the slopes, that is to say after putting the water out of the lower part.

Indeed, the slopes 200 and 300 rest directly on the lateral supports 102 which are fixed not to the whole of the lower part (and a fortiori not to the floor), but only to support elements quickly put in place such that the sills 101 or the cross members 103 and the side members 104, which support elements are always robust and are not insensitive to bad weather.

For example, the side members 104 and the cross members 103 may be formed by extruded metal sections such as an aluminum alloy in order to be light, easily transportable and easy to handle.

The structure of Figure 1 can constitute a simple and economical housing but which can have, if necessary, a definitive or at least durable character.

The structure shown in Figure 2 is made of removable elements and can therefore constitute temporary housing.

The slopes 200 and 300 laid on the lateral supports 102 are joined together by brackets 401 and ties 402 in order to ensure perfect and complete triangulation, independently of the floor.

With the embodiment of Figure lr the floor is constituted by a concrete slab 106 supported on the beams 101 at the desired height from the ground A to leave a crawl space 107 or, as mentioned on the right part of the Figure 1, a space containing a filling 108 of any suitable type.

As the lower part of the slopes 200 and 300 is kept apart from the support elements 101-103, it is necessary to provide lower closing elements and these are produced by panels 403 placed perpendicular to the plane of the slopes 200 and 300 when , as is the case here, said slopes form between them, at their apex, a right angle, the angles formed by the slopes and the surface A then being 45 degrees each.

To their scmret, the slopes 200 and 300 are covered by a ridge 500 produced for example in the form of a metal or synthetic profile with interposition of foam seals 501, the fixing of this ridge being ensured by any known means.

When the structure according to the invention is intended for a temporary installation and must therefore not have fixed and heavy parts such as sills 101 and concrete slab 106, it is good that all the constituent elements of the structure, whatever that they are, can be of a volume and a weight low enough to require only a small number of people for their handling, their installation and their fixing.

This is why it is expected that the entire structure results from the assembly of small elements, which supposes in particular that the slopes 200 and 300 are produced by the juxtaposition of panels, preferably of the sandwich type as will be described. in more detail below.

This concern leads to providing the structure in modular form because in addition to the lightness of the various components, one then obtains the possibility of enlarging the structure as and when required or, on the contrary, of decreasing or dividing it into several structures smaller.

Thus the side members 104 are obtained by the juxtaposition of segments 104a joined by fishplates 104b fixed by bolts 104c.

The length of the segments 104a is calculated in such a way that the crosspieces 103 rest perpendicular to a splint 104> ctest - that is to say on two loq segments.

The crosspieces 103 are themselves made up of two segments 103d held end to end by fishplates 103> fixed by bolts 103c.

when the side members 104 are formed and then placed on the studs 105 and when the cross members 103 have been assembled and fixed to the side members 104 by bolts 1039, the ls2 supports are fixed at each end of the cross members 103 by means of bolts 103e engaged in holes in the support 102 and the corresponding sleepers 103. We can then put in place the panels 201 and 301 constituting by juxtaposition the slopes 200 and 300 and these panels 201 and 301 are provided with a width corresponding to the spacing of the crosspieces 103, so that each support 102 receives the sides of two panels 201-301.

Each of the panels 201 and 301 is advantageously of the sandwich type and comprises two external faces 201a and 20il, for example of pre-coated metal * such as an aluminum alloy and between which there is an insulating material 201 such as a micro-cellular foam ensuring excellent thermal insulation for the panel.

On its two longitudinal edges, the panel 201 (or 301) has a profile 201d of extruded synthetic material which has a continuous groove 201a.

Having carried out the network of beams 104 and sleepers 103 as well as the installation of the panels 201 and 301 assembled together by the brackets 401 and the ties 402, we can proceed with the installation of the floor and, to this end, panels 120 are used whose length L1 is at most equal to half the length L2 of the crosspieces 103 so that it is possible not only to transport them easily but also to put them in place after fixing the slopes 200 and 300.

To do this, we start by setting up a panel 120, for example on the left with reference to FIG. 2, by placing it on two adjacent sleepers 103, then we place a second panel 120 on the right, on the same sleepers 103, which is done without any difficulty because, at the level of the floor, the slopes 200 and 300 are much further apart than it and provide, consequently, a graceful clearance to which the second panel 120 can be placed flat and then brought back towards the center so that the two panels 120 which correspond on two adjacent crosspieces 103 are correctly juxtaposed.

In this way, two panels 120 are placed at the very end in the transverse direction of the structure and other panels 120 are juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction, pair by pair, depending on the number of modules that one wishes, a module comprising two crosspieces 103, four lateral side carriers 102 and two panels 201 and 301 as well as the brackets 401, the ties 402 and the corresponding panels 403.

To achieve such a floor, is fixed on the crosspieces 103 cleats 121 which each have at one of their ends a notch 122 and when the two cleats 121 of the same crosspiece 103 are juxtaposed, the two notches 122 together form a rectangular opening 123 allowing the passage of an independent longitudinal post 124.

The panels 120 have a groove 1Z5 on at least one of their small ribs and when these panels are of the sandwich type it is advantageous to provide the groove 125 in a part 126 in particular made of wood.

After having fixed the cleats 121, the tenon 124 is engaged then a panel 120 is put in place, taking care to place it a little behind, that is to say towards the corresponding slope 200 or 300, after which slides this panel 120 towards the center of the structure, on the two crosspieces 103 which support it, between the two battens 121 which border it, until the groove 125 is placed on the axial tenon 124.

The procedure is the same for the second panel 120 of the same module (of the same pair) and so on.

When the panels 120 have been put in place and suitably juxtaposed, the panels 403 are placed which, for this purpose, may comprise at least one stud 403a and two holes 403h, the first having to penetrate into a corresponding hole 201a of the panels 201 and the seconds receiving screws engaged in the panels 120 (fig. 12).

An embodiment has been described here according to which the cleats 121 are fixed to the crosspieces 103 but it is possible to use elements in one piece constituting both a crosspiece and a cleat, for example in the form of an extruded metal or synthetic material.

The example shown provides that each panel 120 is of the sandwich type called "double skin", that is to say comprising two external steel sheets 120a and 120h provided with two folds back on the longitudinal edges of the panels, the leame being constituted by a closed cell 120s micro-cellular foam participating in the rigidity of the panel and ensuring its thermal insulation, a plywood panel 120 being glued between the upper sheet 120a and the core 120C in order to ensure a stiffening of the panel, avoid the punching of sheet metal 120 due to the steps, as well as reducing impact noise.

Naturally, any other panel could, in addition to being used in particular of the sandwich type but using other materials such as glass or carbon fiber fabrics, aluminum mesh between two skins of prepreg fibers, or even solid panels, in particular in rough particles, etc.

 As the structure is out of water when the floor is placed, the panels 120 can receive, during their manufacture in the factory, a floor covering in any desired material including carpet since this covering has no not to fear the bad weather which can occur during the assembly of the structure.

Referring now to FIG. 7, we see an arrangement according to which the flatness of the panels 120 is ensured between their axial end maintained by the pin 124 and their lateral end maintained by the panels 403.

For this, there are provided on each of the two large ribs panels 120, about halfway along, an opening 120e determined, for example, by a space in the foam 120 and-limit at the top and bottom by two pieces 120f and 120g wood. Opposite the opening 120e, there is a notch 121a, the bottom of which is at the same level as the part 120g while the upper face of the cleat 121 is located substantially at the level of the lower face of the part 120f.

In the notch 121 a plate 127 is engaged which has the same width as the cleat 121 and which can therefore be placed between two panels 120 juxtaposed. After placing this plate 127, it is pivoted so that it engages in the two openings 120e located opposite one of the other of the two adjacent panels 120 and is thus fixed by a screw 127a.

In FIG. 8, there is shown an arrangement according to which the panels 120 are immobilized by their sides adjacent to the slopes 200 and 300 while being fixed to the battens 121.

This solution is adopted when it is desired that the panels 403 constitute only closing and finishing means and not, in addition, mounting members.

Provision is made, then, for the ends of the panels 120 to be located in the vicinity of the slopes 200 and 300 to be provided with parts 120h in each of which is provided a groove 120i aligned with the upper face of the corresponding battens 121.

It is thus possible to engage a plate 128 in the two grooves 120i located opposite and fix the plate 129 by means of a screw 128a which passes through it and which enters the cleat 121.

To be sure that the panels 120 will not be able to move longitudinally, that is to say transversely if the whole structure is taken into account, provision is made for the width L3 of the plate 128 to be equal, very nearly , at the depth of the grooves 120i measured in the longitudinal direction of the panels 120.

This assembly not only makes it possible to set the panels 120 longitudinally tudinally but also to ensure their flatness, in the same way as what has been described with regard to FIG. 7.

After having set up and immobilized all the panels 120, there remain spaces transverse to the structure and corresponding to the battens 121 situated between the panels 120.

These spaces are filled by engaging a fur 129 of dimensions corresponding as exactly as possible to those of the remaining spaces so that its upper face is exactly aligned with that of the panels 120.

In FIGS. 9 to 12, an embodiment is shown according to which the lateral supports 102 are constituted by individual pieces each fixed on a crosspiece 103.

Each support 102 comprises an end part 102a to be fixed to the crosspieces 103, an inclined intermediate part (here 45 degrees on the horizontal) 102h against which the lower part of the slopes 200-300 must be applied and a second part d end 102 perpendicular to the intermediate part 102k and on which the lower edge of the slopes 200-300 must rest.

We can be satisfied with such individual pieces each receiving two panels 201 or 301 but, according to a variant, a continuous section 130 is provided in a single square which preferably has the length of a module that is to say which extends from the axis of a support 102 to the axis of the support 102 adjacent to the previous one, as can be seen particularly well in FIG. 29. This arrangement is advantageous because each profile segment 130 serves as a positioning template during the mounting of the structure. We could also provide that the modular length is no longer equal to a single module but to two or three. In addition, the profile 130 supports the slopes 200 and 300 over their entire length, which is particularly advantageous when they are made up of 201-301 juxtaposed panels.

In FIG. 11, a variant is shown according to which a profile 131 is placed on the supports 102 which presents on the one hand a sole 131a by which it rests on the part 102 and which receives the panels 201 and, on the other hand , a return 13L of low height and located opposite the intermediate portion 102h of the supports 102, at a cellgci distance substantially equal to the thickness of the slopes 200300 in order to cover the bottom and thus mark their possible imperfections.

The sole 131a is pierced with holes 131 aligned with holes 102d of the support 102 to allow the fastening members of the panels 201 (or 301) to pass.

In addition, the sole 131a includes an extension 131a situated lower than it and in alignment with the return 131b, an internal rim 131e being provided so that the assembly has good rigidity.

The supports 102 and the profile 131 could be provided in a single piece, the supports 102 then being continuous and the assembly being obtained by extrusion. It might be more economical to proceed as shown in FIG. 13 where we see a profile 132 in folded sheet.

 I1 has an end portion 132 for its attachment to the crosspieces 103 by bolts 103k, an inclined central portion 132k and a second end portion 132c receiving the base of the slopes 200-300.

Holes 132d are provided in the central part 132h and in the end part 132c for fixing the slopes 200-300.

The end portion 132c includes an extension 132e located lower than it, an internal rim 132f being provided for the rigidity of the assembly.

To be able to benefit from the savings resulting from the simplicity represented by the simple bending of a sheet, the section 132 does not include an upper return. We could prefer the solution which consists in providing a higher return and no 132nd extension. These considerations also apply to the case of individual supports 102.

To prevent the runoff water from remaining at the base of the panels 201-301, holes may be provided at the junction of the parts 102L-102 of the supports 102 or at the junction of the parts 132b-132c of the profile 132.

 Bes sections 131 and 132 advantageously have the length of a module and therefore extend from the axis of a sleeper 103 to the axis of the sleeper 103 adjacent to the previous one.

However, according to a variant, it can be provided that the sections 131 and 132 are delivered to the clientele in different lengths corresponding to a certain number of modules, in order to perfect the structure by using lateral supports which have the length of the entire structure, without continuity solution.

A structure in accordance with the invention is intended to constitute a shelter and it is therefore necessary to provide for the possibility of having interior partitions.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment and illustrated by FIGS. 14 to 16, a partition 405 has, on that of its edge which must be placed on the ground, a continuous groove 405a which, before assembly, is filled with a rule 405b serving to protection during storage and handling.

Such a partition can be fixed by any known means to any location of the panels 120 forming the floor, in particular with brackets and screws.

 However, it is wise, according to the invention, to provide the partitions 405 1 plumb with the spaces separating the panels 120 because it is possible to proceed as will be explained now, in a very practical and very simple manner.

first removing the fur 129 which had previously been placed between the panels 120, on the battens 121.

Furthermore, the rule 405b is removed from the groove 405a and the latter is engaged between the panels 120, on the cleats 121, in place of the fur 129 removed.

This fur 129 is then placed between the panels 120, in the space which remains above the rule 405b, which has the consequence of allowing the fur 129 to exceed the upper level of the panels 120.

We can then engage the partition 405 which is thus immobilized laterally so that it only eventually remains to mobilize it longitudinally.

One can also provide, on the edge of the partition 405 opposite to that which is to be placed on the ground, a groove 405c possibly protected for storage and handling by a rule (not shown) and which is intended to receive a cleat 406 playing the same role as the fur 129 and placed in the groove 405 on the one hand and between two cheeks 407 and 408 on the other hand, fixed to the corresponding panels 201 or 301, as can be seen in FIGS. 16 and 25.

The cheeks 407 and 408 can advantageously consist of the two faces of a groove (not shown) provided on the lower edge of the ties 402.

Note that the mounting of the partition 405, as just described, allows a clearance between this partition 405 and the elements of the structure with which it is in contact, namely a slope 200300 on the one hand and the floor on the other hand, so that deformations of the panels 201-301 due, for example, to internal stresses originating from their complex structure or to the expansion arising from temperature differences between the interior and the exterior of the structure, can occur without disadvantage since the elements in question are not restrained, the fur 129 and the cleat 406 being able to slide in the grooves and corresponding spaces.

In FIG. 25, it can be seen that the upper fixing of the partition 405 could no longer be prefaced on the panel 201 but on the entry 402 since the latter is located above the battens 121 of the floor.

The same assembly could be carried out, that is to say that a cleat could be engaged between an upper groove of the partition 405 and a lower groove of the entry 402.

As explained above, the panels 120 of the floor may have a coating contributing to the comfort of the users and it may be good to provide furs 129 of a type that is a little sought after to harmonize with this coating of ground.

 Thus, in FIG. 17, provision has been made for the fur 129 to be made for example of wood and to have a groove 129 to receive a profile 129b made of metal or, shell shown, in synthetic material, the thickness of this profile corresponding to the floor covering placed on the panels 120, in order to equalize the surface and avoid tearing off the edges of the covering.

It can also be provided that the section 129k has a width greater than that of the fur 129 so that its wings extend beyond the edges of the space between two panels 120 and rest on the floor covering to completely hide its edges.

In FIG. 18, a variant is shown according to which the fur 129 is produced in the form of a plastic profile 129c which is hollow and has a continuous lower opening 129d so that its faces have a certain elasticity and can be engaged elastically in the space between two panels 120, the blocking of this section 129c can be facilitated by ribs 129e.

At its upper part, the section 129i; may have a groove 129 corresponding to the groove 129a of the fur 129 and also intended to receive an upper section 129g of the same type as that which has been described above with regard to FIG. 17.

A structure according to the invention may have gables provided with openings such as doors and windows or blinds, the access being provided on a slope and, in particular by a side terrace as shown in FIG. 19.

In this case, two partitions 600 are provided perpendicular to the axis of the structure and a longitudinal frame 601 for a window door 602.

An awning 603 can be provided either in the form of a panel or more simply in the form of a blind of any known type.

The outer edges of the panels 201-301 must advantageously be protected, whether they are the end panels or those which constitute the walls 600.

To this end, it is possible to provide, as shown in FIG. 20, profiles 700 of any known structure and having a longitudinal groove 701 corresponding to an edge groove 20Lk of the panels 201 (or 30Lh of the panels 301), which makes it possible to bring them together by means of an elastic seal 800 engaged both in the groove 701 and in the groove 201b.

As explained above during the description of the internal partition 405, it is advantageous that the internal elements of the structure are connected to the external elements in such a way that play between them can occur to avoid the bridles due to deformations coming from different stresses.

In Figures 21 and 22, there is shown, for example, how one can ensure the fixing of the bracket 401 and the ties 402 while allowing a certain flexibility of this fixing.

To this end, on the panels 201 are fixed respectively 410 and 411 fittings with holes 410 and 411a corresponding to holes 40Lk and 402> brackets 401 and ties 402, the fixing of this assembly being done by bolts and tapped sleeves 412413 passing through two elastic rings 414 interposed between the fittings 410 and 411 on the one hand and the brackets 401 and the ties 402 on the other hand.

The brackets 401 and / or the ties 402 could be placed by one of their large outer faces against the fittings 410 and / or 411.

 nais, carre that is represented on figure 22, one envisaged, here, that the brackets 401 as well as the ties 402 have a groove respectively 401a and 402 in which penetrate the fittings 410 and 411. One then places the elastic rings 414 of on either side of the corresponding fitting, against the internal faces of the grooves 401a - 402a, an equally elastic sleeve 415 being placed around each bolt 412-threaded sleeve 413 assembly, through the holes of the fittings 410-411.

 As it is advantageous to provide a groove on the lower edge of the ties 402 for the maintenance of interior partitions 405, the ties 402 can be produced by means of two cheeks joined together and kept apart by one or more spacers. Each entry then presents a continuous peripheral groove on its four edges.

It can be seen that there is thus an elastic intermediary between the elements integral with the panels 201 (fittings 410 and 411) and the internal stiffening elements (brackets 401 and ties 402>. Relative movement is therefore possible between the slopes 200- 300 on the one hand and the stiffening elements 401-402 on the other.

To further facilitate these relative movements, the holes 40I2 and 402> can (as shown) have the shape of an oval with a long axis perpendicular to the plane of the slopes 200-300.

The fittings 410 and 411 can each be constituted, as shown, by two inverted brackets and placed one against the other.

Their fixing to the panels 201 can be carried out by means of screws and when the panels 201 are constituted by sandwich panels it is then necessary to provide that at the right of the screws to fix the fittings there is a part suitable for this screwing, which can be achieved by providing, as is known, inserts in the panels.

Referring now to Figures 23 and 24, we see an alternative embodiment for the assembly of interior elements such as a partition with the panels of the slopes.

According to the principle indicated above, it is desired to authorize a clearance between the elements internal to the structure and the slopes, and in FIG. 23 a variant is depicted according to which a piece 420 comprising two lateral cheeks is fixed to the panels 201 420a and a section 420h, the cheeks 420a constituting parallel guides between which the partition 405 is inserted, with freedom of sliding.

We could make sure that the internal spacing of the cheeks 420a is very substantially equal to the thickness of the partition 405 but, then, there could be friction which could damage the possible surface coating of the partition 405.

To avoid this, a part 421 is placed in the groove 405c of the partition 405, the width of which is slightly greater than the thickness of the partition 405 proper and substantially equal to the spacing of the cheeks 420a so that the partition 405 is suitably immobilized by contact with the part 421 against the guides (or cheeks) 420a, while being kept apart from each of the two cheeks 420a depending on the space. An elastic seal, preferably isopnonic 421a, is interposed between the part 421 and the core 420b of the part 420.

FIG. 24 shows a variant according to which a single piece 420 is no longer provided with two cheeks 420a but two parts 422 and 423 each comprising two cheeks 422a and 423a, the groove 405c of the partition 405 receiving an elastic profile 425 , preferably isophonic, itself having a central slot 425a into which a wing 422a of the part 422 and a wing 423a of the part 423 must penetrate.

It will be understood by examining FIG. 24 only that the same result was obtained as with the assembly in FIG. 23 but that here the additional advantage was obtained of not clamping the two panels 201 together because instead of bring them together by lange 420b of the piece 420, the piece 422 is fixed on one of the panels to the 201 while the piece 423 is fixed on the other, which allows the space y which remains between two panels 201 of vary somewhat without this having any consequence on the perfect maintenance of the partition 405, since the relative movements between the two parts 422 and 423 resulting from the relative displacement of the panels 201 are absorbed by the elasticity of the profile 425, both transversely and longitudinal.

The slopes 200 and 300 can naturally be produced by any known means. As described above, it is advantageous to produce them by panels of judiciously chosen width to give the structure possibilities for modular development.

Naturally, there are a very large number of means which can be adopted to join together juxtaposed panels, but it is advantageous to provide between such panels, an elastic joint capable of absorbing their relative movements.

Referring to FIGS. 26 to 31, it can be seen that, according to one embodiment of the invention, an elastic sealing profile 800 of the same type as that placed in two edge grooves 201k facing two panels 201 juxtaposed the one used with profiles 700 and end panels.

When mounting the structure, you can place a first panel 201, then engage the seal 800 laterally, then place the second panel 201 a side of the first and slide it horizontally as indicated by the arrow Fl in Figure 26 until the profile 800 has entered the edge groove 201k of this second panel 201.

However, this operation is not possible when replacing a panel 201 already disposed between two other panels because, then, we can no longer release the panel to be replaced by sliding one or the other of the panels which surround him.

This is why it is necessary to be able to first remove one of the two seals 800 in order to rotate the panel 201 according to the arrow P2 in FIG. 27, thanks to the elasticity of the seal 800 which allows this clearance after which it is possible to remove paralleloment to itself the panel 201 to be replaced.

In order to be able to easily remove and install the seals 800 without moving the panels 201, there is provided in each of the seals 800, in the vicinity of its extracts, a means of attachment of a traction member and we see in Figures 28 and 29 that we have retained here the solution of a hole 800a near the upper end and 800h near the lower end in order to be able to engage an 800C link.

The passage of the link 800 & through the hole 800a or 800b is easy since these holes are placed opposite the space y which remains between two adjacent panels 201.

On figure 28 one sees the solution which consists in pulling the joint 800 upwards, which supposes that one has removed the ridge 500 and on figure 29 one sees the opposite case, that is to say the introduction of a new profile 800 which is put in place from the top by pulling it down by means of the link 800c engaged in the hole 800k.

In order to facilitate this pulling and to make it possible until the joint 800 has reached the lower part of the panels 201, holes 1028 are provided in the supports 102 and / or 130a in the profile 130 as well as in the profile 131 so that the 800c link can pass through these holes and allow the user to continue its traction from below the lowest edge of the corresponding slope 200-300.

So that the space y remains between two panels 201 juxtaposed, the length of the joint 800 is greater than the kind of the depths of the two edge grooves 201h located face to face.

But the presence of this space can be the source of air passages despite the presence of the seal 800 and the seal it provides thanks to its eight yeasts from the double harpoon shapes provided for each of its two extremities.

It is for this reason that one can provide two foam seals 801 and 802 which, near the inside of the panels 201, come into contact with one another and, by deformation, ensure the tightness to the air.

Naturally, the presence of space X between two panels 201 juxtaposed, allows the passage of a knife blade, for example, to cut the seal 800 maliciously.

To avoid this, provision is made to place a resistant blade 900, for example made of metal, in a longitudinal space 80od presented by the seal 800.

In order to be able to remove the seal 800 and put it in place using a link 800c or other attachment tool, the protective blade 900 has on the one hand a hole 900a which must be located opposite the hole 800 of the upper part of the joint 800 and on the other hand, which is not visible in FIG. 30, a second hole identical to the hole 900a situated towards the lower part of the blade 900 opposite the second hole 800b of the joint sealing 800.

The seal 800 is a multi-lip elastomer profile and has a high coefficient of friction which may prove to be excessive. To remedy this, and consequently to facilitate its sliding in the edge grooves 201b, it is possible to fix a shell 800e on the joint 800, this shell 800g abutting, for example, a profile in smooth synthetic material enveloping one of the faces of the seal 800, so that only the points of the harpoons located on the outer face of the seal 800 rub against the edges of the edge grooves 201b.

As the plate 900 has holes for the passage of the link 800c, one can provide a hole 800f in the shell 800e near the upper part of the seal 800 and a similar hole in its lower part. nais if the material of the hull 800e o: .t sufficiently rigid, the establishment of the joint 800 and team can be obtained by pushing on it and no longer by pulling it. For its removal, however, a hole may be essential.

Claims (25)

1- Type structure comprising two inclined slopes (200 - 300)  converging towards a vertex and a horizontal lower part  (100) together giving the structure a substantial section  triangular, characterized in that the spacing of the  lower ends of the two slopes (200 -300) horizontal measurement  horizontally is greater than the largest width (LZ) of the  lower part (100) and in that these slopes (200 -300) are  combined with supporting elements (101-103) of the lower part  upper (100) by means of lateral supports (102) which  maintain said slopes (200 - 300) in such a way that  their lower part is removed from the supporting elements (101  103) and above the surface (A) on which the structure must  be laid, a floor (106 - 120) to rest on said  supporting elements (101 - 103). 2- Structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the elements  support elements of the lower part (100) consist of  sleepers (103) placed on side members (104). 3- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the  support elements of the lower part are constituted by  longitudinal sills (101). 4- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the  floor is formed by masonry such that at least one slab  concrete (106). 5- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the  floor is formed by panels (120) whose length (L1)  is at most equal to half the width (LZ) of the part  lower (100) and which are juxtaposed on the one hand two by two  in the transverse direction of the structure and, on the other hand, in the  longitudinal direction of said structure, the panels (120) being  preferably immobilized by means of removable members (124,  127, 128, 403). 6- Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the  support elements (103) have battens (121) arranged  at a distance equal to the width of the panels (120), these  being placed on the support elements (103), between two  cleats (121), means (124125, 1208-127, 120i-128) being  designed to make the panels (120) integral with the cleats (121). 7- Structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the  means for making the panels (120) integral with the battens  (121) are parts (124, 127, 128) which are engaged in  grooves (125, 120z), 120i) provided in the thickness of the panels  (120) and which are fixed to the battens (121).  filled with removable fur (129).  cleats (121) and the upper face of the panels (120) being  nures (120a-120i), the space that remains between the upper side  underside of panels (120) and underside of spoke  cleats (121) have a height equal to the distance between the  8- Structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the  (405) and placed between two panels (120) of the floor.  ruler (405b), it is removed from the groove (405a) of the partition  after assembly, receives the fur (129) removed and replaced on the  before mounting, is filled with a removable rule (405b) and which,  edges which must be placed on the ground, a continuous groove (405a) which,  comprises partitions (405) which have, on that of their  9 Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that it 10- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the  lateral supports through which the slopes (200  300) are joined to supporting elements (101 - 103) are  made up of individual pieces (102) ordered in the  longitudinal direction of the structure. 11- Structure according to claim 10, characterized in that  longitudinal sections (130 - 131) are placed on the parts  individual (102). 12- Structure according to claim 11, characterized in that the  profiles have a sole (131a) integral with a return  upper (131b) and / or a lower extension (131d)  possibly provided with an internal rim (131g), the sole (131a)  can be crossed by holes for the passage of  attachment to the corresponding slope (200-300). 13- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the  lateral supports through which the slopes (200  300) are joined to supporting elements (101 - 103> are  formed by continuous sections (131) whose length is  substantial compared to that of the structure and  advantageously fixed at a modular value with respect to  other elements (120, 201-301) of the structure.  103).  lower than the upper level of support elements (101  said second end portion (102-132c) to be located  which must rest the lower edge of the slopes (200 - 300),  132c) perpendicular to the previous one (102b - 132h) and on  slopes (200 -300) and a second end portion (102c  (102h) - 132u) against which the lower part must be applied  support elements (101 - 103), an inclined intermediate part  an end part (l02a - 132a) to be fixed audits  300) are joined to the support elements (101 - 103) present  lateral supports through which the slopes (200  14 Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the 15- Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the  second end portion (132c) has a return located opposite  from the inclined intermediate part (132h), at a distance of  this substantially equal to the thickness of the slopes (200 -300). 16- Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the  second end portion 132c) has an extension 8132g)  located lower than it and advantageously provided with an internal rim (132t>. 17- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it  includes interior elements, in particular of stiffening,  such as ties (402), brackets (401), panels (403) and partitions  (405) which are connected to the structure, slopes (200 - 300) and / or  lower part (100), by means (401a-410, 402a-411, 403-  20la, 405a-129, 420, 422-423, 414415) allowing movement  relative of the element considered (401 - 402 - 403 - 405) and the  structure. 18- Structure according to claim 17, characterized in that the  means by which interior elements (401 - 402) are  connected to the structure include organs (401k - 402k)  integral with the element under consideration (401 - 402) and parts (410  411) integral with the structure, the assembly members (412  413) to bring together these organs and parts with interposition  at least one elastic element (414 - 415). 19- Structure according to claim 17, characterized in that the  means by which interior elements (405) are connected to the  structure include at least two parallel guides (420a - 422a  -4z3), such as flat cheeks, integral with the structure and  between which an element (405 - 421, 405 - 425) can be inserted  with freedom of sliding parallel to the guides (420a - 422a  423a). 20- Structure according to claim 19, characterized in that the  guides (420 - 422a - 423) have a spacing slightly greater than  the thickness of the corresponding element (405), this being  associated with a part (421 - - 425), the width of which is somewhat  greater than the thickness of said element (405) and substantially equal  at the spacing of the guides (420 - 422a -423a). 21- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that each  slope (200 - 300) is formed by several panels (201 - 301)  juxtaposes and preferably joined together with interpoeition  a seal (800). 22- Structure according to claim 21, characterized in that the  panels (201 - 301) have adjacent edges which have  each a continuous groove (201k - 301b) and are joined by a  elastic profile (800) which forms a seal and which is  engaged in the two grooves (20LE - 301b) of the facing banks  over their entire length, the width of the profile (800) being a little  greater than the sum of the depths of said two grooves (201k  - 30I>), so that the two panels (201 -301) are, during assembly,  slightly apart from each other. 23- Structure according to claim 22, characterized in that the  seal (800) is made of elastomer and contains a blade  continuous longitudinal section (900) of a resistant material such as  metal. 24- Structure according to claim 22, characterized in that the  seal (800) present, in the vicinity of each of its  two ends, an element such as a hole (800a - 800>) for  the attachment of a profile traction member such as a link (800c). 25- Structure according to claim 22, characterized in that the  seal (800) is associated with a shell (800e) in one  smooth and slippery material.