FR2517487A1 - ALTERNATE CURRENT CADENCE GENERATOR AS ANALOG TRANSMITTER - Google Patents

Abstract

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT CADENCE GENERATOR AS ANALOGUE TRANSMITTER. GENERATOR CHARACTERIZED BY A WINDING 9 IN THE FORM OF FOUR POLES MEANDERS, ARRANGED IN THE GAP ON A NON-MAGNETIC MATERIAL, AND EXCITED BY THE CONSTANT DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT OF A MAGNETIC FLOW CHANGING CONSTANTLY IN INTENSITY, IN WHICH THE CHANGE OF THE FLOW MAGNETIC IS OBTAINED THROUGH VARIABLE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM COUPLING. GENERATOR APPLICABLE TO PRECISE TRANSMISSIONS OF ANALOGUE SIGNALS.

Description

17487

  Alternating current cadence generator as trans-

analog transmitter ".

  The invention relates to an alternating-current clock generator as an analogue transmitter whose output signal depends in amplitude and in

  frequency, the number of revolutions By a pre-adjustment

  of the adjustment and smoothing, the output signal pro-

  may be, in view of an extension of the field of ap-

  plication, also transformed into a

  the linear number of turns, whose polarity is

controlled by the direction of rotation.

  AC current generators are known, in which the linear output signals depend, in amplitude and frequency, on the number of revolutions Their operating principle is based on the synchronous generator with one or more phases with a claw blade realization or with stamped poles, as well as on the principles of reluctance

  according to the method of construction of Lorentz and Guy.

  Current clock generators

  known alternatives all have the disadvantage that the

  magnetic iron, or a part thereof, is excited by the alternating flow, so that the losses

  by switching the magnetisation of the iron cause a

  As a result, the range of the number of revolutions that can be used for such executions is reduced. On the other hand, the design of the construction requires, for the manufacture, a high expense on the economic plan. In addition, we know generators of

  rate for direct current, based on principals

  different operating modes, such as

  the number of revolutions and transmissions

  digital photoelectric generators The generators of

  dc rates provide a high level of sensitivity

  interference with mechanical switching, so

  that the service life is greatly reduced, and the

  The need for maintenance is necessarily expensive. In generators with electronic commutation, this disadvantage

  can be suppressed in truth in part, but nowadays

  with a high waviness coefficient, so that their use is only possible in a limited range of revolutions and only

conditions determined.

  Manufacturing expenditure for genera-

  dc clock is more important

  than for alternating current generators

  native. In addition, AC generators raise important issues

  when using reverse direction of rotation.

  Until this day, methods by

  which are produced two voltages offset by 90 in time and exploited by a phase discriminator, can indicate the direction of rotation only

  depending on the response sensitivity.

  Photoelectric transmitters pro-

  an output signal, which does not depend on the name

  number of amplitude revolutions, using a cycle of periods, so that when used as analog transmitters, we are forced to exploit the period duration This takes place by frequency-voltage converters, which contain a low-pass filter to achieve a sufficient ripple coefficient

  weak and thus present for many applications

  a time constant that is too important.

  The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages indicated above and to develop a

  alternating current clock generator,

  simple and reliable truction, of medium frequency and

  high precision, in which one obtains a

  rotation direction with a very small error margin in the zero range The output signal

  must also offer the advantage of being able to operate

  In addition, by straightening and smoothing as well as by switching, a

  transformation of the DC voltage must be achieved

  te, whose polarity depends on the direction of rotation.

  In addition, the objective of the invention is

  to propose that the conversion into DC voltage

  proportional to the number of turns is obtained by an additional device without and with the help of a

auxiliary power source.

  With the alternating current clock generator, it is also possible to measure the synchronous oscillations of the rotating parts.

  accuracy, their magnitudes being proportional

  they at the signal modulated in frequency in the voltage

Release.

  This goal is achieved in accordance with

  vention, by providing a winding formed in multi-pole meanders on a non-magnetic material disposed in the air gap, excited by a magnetic flux varying in power The variation of the magnetic flux is obtained by means of a coupling passing alternately by a maximum and a minimum, and reaches the winding, the dimension of the coils corresponding to the distribution of the poles The alternating magnetic couplings are realized by means of a corresponding raking of the excitation ring rotating in the zone of the air gap, while the winding is fixed By this arrangement, the magnetic flux remains

  constantly constant inside the conductive ring

  Thus, the interference fault, which

  is a disadvantage due to magnetic switching losses.

  The linearity defect is still only determined by the return action of the rotor and parasitic currents in the conductors of the winding and it therefore remains very small. The conductor material doubled twice in its manufacture. is used on both sides,

  in which case, on the front and rear sides, the

  are arranged in relation to each other, such

  in such a way that their partial tensions are

  or the partial voltages have

  res variation in time, different (winding

in several phases).

  Analogue AC voltage obtained

  can be used directly as an indicator of the

  number of turns or be converted, by means of an accurate smoothing rectification, with or without the aid of an auxiliary power source, into an analog DC voltage signal The knowledge of the direction of rotation is ensured at means of a micro-contactor based on the principle of a sliding coupling, by

  mechanical way or by photoelectric exploration.

  As a slip coupling, it is

  preferably a friction contact or the

  friction of a spherical bearing between two rings

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  The precision rectification can, according to a diode compensation method, without or with the help of an auxiliary

  place via an operational amplifier

  In the case of the diode compensation installation, the diode's diode voltage defect is balanced by a second opposite-voltage diode of the same type. Since the temperature variations act at the same time on both diodes, such a provision presents a

  very high temperature stability.

  With a diode of opposite voltage, a precision transmitter is provided, the magnetic circuit of which

  is made of a highly magnetic magnetic material

  which is necessary to minimize the defect of

  transmission of the magnetic current acting in the

  pours through the internal resistance of the alternating current AC generator

  precision transmitter can also find its use

  for the purpose of adjusting the voltage for existing indicating instruments by the direct use, already previously written, of the AC voltage signal.

  device, one can then realize, with amplifica-

  Operators are appropriately connected, a large linear precision rectifier that can be called a diode rectifier

  ideal - stable at temperature, with a pass filter

  bottom connected afterwards, to obtain a coefficient

ripple more moderate.

  Such an arrangement makes it possible

  voltage of a single-phase alternating current

  phased or polyphase at an output voltage or at an output current Frequency utilization is performed according to the usual method Since, in the case of AC clock generators, the frequency of the output signal is proportional to the number of revolutions, the existing synchronous oscillations are available in principle as a frequency modulated signal. In the case of all current active principles, for example in photoelectric transmitters, disk division faults

  at the same time simulate an oscillation of syn-

  chronism, with the use of winding according to

  the invention, distribution defects in the

  conductors and in the geometry of the poles, as well as asymmetries in the gap have no influence on the frequency produced. In this way, synchronism oscillations are presented as

  a frequency modulation signal with a great deal of

  decision. The invention is explained below with the aid of an AC plug-in cadence generator with reference to the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an overview of an AC snap-on generator. .

  Figure 2 shows a conductive plate

  trice with winding in the shape of meanders.

  Figure 3 shows a magnet clevis

with axial grooving.

  FIG. 4 shows the principle shape of the magnetic flux in the gap and its coupling to

all drivers.

Figure 5 shows a recovery

  accurate without the help of an auxiliary energy.

  Figure 6a shows a mechanical switching of polarities and the addition of DC voltages. Figure 6b shows a switching

17487

7.

  polarities mechanics and a division of the resistance

this work.

  Figure 7 shows a recovery from

  precision with auxiliary energy.

Figure 8 shows a layout

  to recognize the reversal of direction of rotation.

  The rotating part of the ac generator according to FIG. 1, which consists of two magnetic screeds 1 and 2 of the annular permanent magnet 3 and embedded screws 7, is connected by the hub 4 and a cylinder pin (with

  spikes) 5 with the shaft 6, firmly in rotation

  tion. The conductive plate 8 according to FIG. 2, comprising the meander-shaped winding 9, is connected rigidly by means of embedded screw 10, by a fastening flange 11, and by screws 12 with the housing of FIG.

drive motor.

  The permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in the axial direction, so that the magnetic flux passes through the cup-shaped yoke 1 and 2 (according to

  FIG. 3) through the two air gaps 13 and 14

  and to the right of the conductive plate 8 and therethrough.

  To reduce the dispersion of the magnetic flux

  the hub 4 and the countersunk screws 7 consist of a

non-magnetic material.

  To achieve accurate centering of

  rotating parts, provision is made for adaptive

  between the permanent magnet 3, the yokes 1 and 2, the magnetic yoke 1 with respect to the hub 4, the hub 4 relative to the shaft 6, as well as the magnetic yoke 2 with respect to the shaft 6 The embedded screws serve to firmly apply the two clevises 1 and 2 to the permanent magnet 3 at the same time,

17487

  the hub 4 on the yoke 1, thus ensuring a very

  high rigidity of the rotating part.

  According to FIG. 2, it is possible to obtain, thanks to the conductive plate 8 divided into two halves, that, during assembly, first of all, the complete rotating part is aligned axially with the front surface.

  of the fastening flange 11 on the shaft 6, and

  1, through a bore 16 of the hub 4, on the shaft 6, and that it can be locked firmly by means of the cylinder pin 5 (with points). Only then can the two halves of the conductive plate 8 be inserted laterally into the air gap 13 and 14 and blocked, by means of the embedded screws 10, on the fastening flange 11 A blocking safety against a

  relative rotation of the cylinder pin 5 (with

  can be done with varnish or resin.

  By grooving 17 of the yokes 1 and 2, according to FIG. 3, a different magnetic coupling, according to FIG. 4, is obtained for the winding in the form of meanders 9 (FIG. 2), depending on the angular position. The positions I to IV, in FIG. 4, explain the different coupling, by which, during the rotational movement, a sinusoidal voltage 18 is produced. From FIG. 4, it can be seen at the same time that the direction of the flux and of the magnetic flux in the

  air gaps 13 and 14 and in the iron ring remains

constant days.

  The right half of the conductive plate

  8 shows a winding 9 in the form of meanders, whose conductive son are arranged on the front and rear faces, so that the sinusoidal voltages 18, in the case where the angle of

  phase equals 00, add up directly.

  The winding 9 in the form of meanders realizes

  se on the left half of the conductive plate 8

251748?

  with a spacing "a" and a polar division p is extended on the front and back sides, so

  that all four partial tensions add up

  for a phase angle equal to 00, and that it

  is a single-phase winding. If, however, the meandering winding provided on the left half of the plate

  conductor 8 with a spacing a, a polar division

  where r equals t p + Ip / 4 is prolonged, the left and right halves of the voltages exiting the conductive plate 8 are then shifted in the phase of 900 and

  this results in a winding of the two-phase type.

  A four-phase winding is also

  possible, if, for example, the winding 9 in the form of meanders, on the front and rear sides, is spatially shifted by a polar division p / 8, as

  this is shown in Figure 2 on the left half of

  of the conductive plate 8 N-phase windings

  in principle it is possible by new sub-

  divisions of the position of the windings, some by

  compared to others, on the conductive plate 8.

  FIG. 5 shows, for the case of a single-phase voltage, a precise rectifier without assistance from an auxiliary energy, which is satisfied only with the voltage delivered by the ac clock generator G By the precision transmitter (Tr 1 ) 19, the alternating voltage of the alternating current generator G is increased, of such

  so that two symmetrical voltages E 1 and E 2 appear

  to the secondary winding 20 of the precision transmitter (Tr 1) 19 With the aid of the rectifier diode (D 1) 21, the alternating voltage is rectified, and is smoothed by the filtering device RC, consisting of a filtering resistor (Rs) 22 and a capacitor (Cs)

23.

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  The linearity defect of the redundant diode

  (D 1) 21 is largely compensated by the diode of.

  compensation (D 2) 24 using the electrical circuit of

compensation 25.

  To balance the compensation electric circuit 25, the alignment resistor is used

  (R 2) 26 which cooperates with the resistance

  aunt (R 1) To the function resistance (Ra) 25

  the smooth and proportional DC voltage (U a)

number of turns.

  If the direction of rotation is indicated under

  the form of a polarity inversion of the voltage con-

  tinue, then the rectifier in principle is provided,

  from Figure 5, a second time, and their

  Continuous losses are, from Figure 6a, to be added to

  or the function resistance (R a) 27 is,

  from Figure 6b, divided into two halves

  mechanical mutator is driven by a slip coupling. FIG. 7 shows, for an alternating-current clock generator G, a precision rectifier with auxiliary energy, the parts of which

  signal processing are performed by amplifiers

  operational factors connected by the amplifiers

  input 28, the differences in amplitude between

  the phase shifted voltages of 900 are compensated.

  Thanks to a large addition calculator 29 are produced from the two offset voltages of 90

  degrees, four phase shifted voltages of 45 Cha-

  one of these voltages is accurately rectified by means of the so-called ideal diode 30, before in the totalizer 31 the addition of all the rectified voltages is effected and the adjustment at the level of

  unitary signal to be made is carried out

  binary direction signal output 34 binary obtained

  of the continuous-current clock generator G, the

  mutator 32 acts with or without inversion, so

  that the polarity of the output signal 35 is determined.

  Using the active low-pass filter 33, the coefficient

  desired undulation 33 is achieved, as well as the condition

  the final output signal 35, that is,

  that is, for voltage signals, a very small

  internal resistance, ie, for the signals

  electric a very big inner resistance.

During a precise recovery with

  auxiliary energy, it is useful to mount a contact

  electronic transmitter, consisting of a light emitting diode (D 3) 37 and a photoelectric transistor (T 1) 36, which produces a binary signal controlled by the

sense of rotation.

  Thanks to this principle (Figure 8), a

  sliding and wear-resistant surface can be used

  The inner ring of this ball bearing 38 is then connected in the form of a ball bearing 38.

  rigidly to the shaft 6 and its outer ring is

  By the same time, on the outer ring of the ball bearing 38, in the region of the angle Q, the application of two different reflecting layers 40 under the angle i / 2 takes place. Thus are produced an opening and a barrier of the photoelectric transistor (T 1) 36 in a direction of rotation and a barrier and an opening

in the other direction of rotation.

Claims (6)

REVENDICATI 0-NS) Alternating current generator, as analogue transmitter which produces a single-phase or polyphase voltage which is proportional, in amplitude and in frequency, to the number of revolutions, generator characterized by a winding (9 ) in the form of four-pole meanders, disposed in the air gap on a nonmagnetic material, and excited by the displacement in the constant direction of a constantly changing magnetic flux in which the change of the magnetic flux is obtained by means of a variable coupling at maximum and minimum for the meandering winding (9), by means of grooves (17) of the magnetic yokes (1 and 2), the polar division being in corresponding to the winding (9), in which case the grooves (17) of the yokes (1, 2) are disposed axially opposite each side of the conductive plate (8), while the magnetic flux in its entirety remains con stant inside the magnetic circuit.   20) Generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive plate (8) is immobilized with the meandering winding (9),   and the magnetic clevises (1, 2) perform with the reas-   (17) rotational movements.   30) Generator according to claim 1,   characterized in that the conductive plate (8) is   on both sides or is made in several layers, in which case the separated parts or layers of the coil are arranged relative to one another in their phase angle, so that they are   carried out polyphase symmetrical windings.   ) Generator according to one of the   cations 1 and 2, characterized in that, for simplicity of assembly, the conductive plate (8), with the meandering coil (9), is divided into two halves} and is centered by means of embedded screws (10). on the fastening flange (11).   ) Generator according to any one   Claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that,   in a di-phase embodiment, the four coils (9) are electrically connected to the two halves of the conductive plate (8), so that the   differences and phase defects between the two   which result from the manufacturing tolerances of the   conductive and mounting plates are largely think.   ) Generator according to one of the   1 and 2, characterized in that, in order to reach   a high magnetic flux in air gaps (13,   14), the countersunk screws (7) and the hub (4) are   killed in a non-magnetic material.   ) Generator according to one of the   1 and 2, characterized in that, to obtain high voltages, the axially magnetized permanent magnet (3) is formed into a ring and consists of a   magnetic material with high energy density.   ) Generator according to one of the   cations 1 and 2, characterized in that to decrease   the shift in position of the center of gravity, the   Adjustments are provided between the clevises (1, 2), the permanent magnet (3), and the magnetic clevis (1) and between the hub (4), the magnetic clevis (2) and the shaft   (6), as well as between the hub (4) and the shaft (6).   ) Generator according to one of the   cations 1 and 2, characterized in that the solid connection   rotate with the shaft (6) via   the hub (4) is effected by means of a cylindrical pin   drique (with spikes) (5), which ensures at the same time an axial block.   ) Generator according to any one   claims 1, 2 and 9, characterized in that the   Cylindrical pin (with points) (5) is provided against unlocking relative to the hub (4) by means of of varnish or resin.   110) Generator according to any one of   claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the   mono or polyphase AC voltage is converted, with or without auxiliary power, by the rectifier of   accuracy and smoothing, in a continuous voltage signal analog nude.   ) Generator according to one of the   1 and 11, characterized in that the recovery   precision is carried out without or with the help of a   Auxiliary system, using a precision transmitter   (T 2, 19) and an opto voltage compensation diode born (D 2, 24).   ) Generator-following one of the   1 and 12, characterized in that the transmission   precision transmitter (Trl, 19) operates, to minimize transmission faults, with an intensity of   very small magnetic field and its magnetic circuit   that is made of a material with high permeability -   ) Generator according to any one   claims 1, 12 and 13, characterized in that   the diode (D 1, 21) used for the rectification and the diode (D 2, 24) for compensation are likewise   type in order to greatly reduce temperature faults.   temperature. ) Cadence generator according to one   claims 1 and 13, characterized in that the   precision transmitter (T 2, 19) for adjusting the   voltage serves as an indicator instrument.   ) Generator according to any one   Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the   precision straightening and smoothing with the help   auxiliary energy is achieved by means of   Operational amplifier stages.   ) Generator according to any one   Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in   the case of polyphase arrangements, the differences in amplitude between the voltages, are balanced with the aid of input amplifiers (28), a large addition computer (29) produces signals   additional phase shifted.   180) Cadence generator according to one   any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in   what the precision straightening of all the tendencies   phase-shifted, takes place by means of an ideal diode (30) of an operational amplifier arrangement, the addition of the rectified signals being effected, at the simultaneous adjustment at the unit level, means of the totalizer (31) and this signal, in dependence on the binary signal (34) of direction of rotation, extracted from the clock generator (G), is transmitted by the switch (32) with or without inversion.   ) Cadence generator according to one   claims 1 and 16, characterized in that the   smoothing on the output side takes place using a pass filter   (33), which simultaneously achieves the final conditions   the necessary ones for the signals of the unit.   ) Cadence generator following the   claim 1, characterized in that the modular part   the frequency of the output signal is exploited   electronically for the measurement of syn- chrons.   210) Cadence generator according to one   any of claims 1, 11 to 14 and 16 to 18,   characterized in that the knowledge of the meaning of rotation   tion takes place by polar change in the   naked by means of a mechanical or photoelectric switch   cudgel. i 6 220) Cadence generator according to one   any of claims 1 and 21, characterized in that   what the mechanical drive of the switch is   realized according to the principle of coupling with   is lying. 230) Cadence generator according to one   any of claims 1, 21 and 22, characterized   in that, for photoelectric reversal of polarity to obtain high reliability, slip coupling is constituted as a bearing   ball bearings (38) whose inner ring is rigidly connected   to the shaft (6), and whose outer ring is   blocked by a pin (39) with an angle (ta),   in which case, simultaneously two differently   annuities are provided on the outer ring in the   corner of the angle (ci), at an angle (V / 2), to provoke   to open and block the photo transistor   electrical (T 1, 36) in the case of a direction of rotation, and a blockage and an opening in the case of the other sense of rotation.