FR2504660A1 - Solar energy collector for agricultural drier - has transparent plastics sheet with sealing layer forming circulation conduit for air - Google Patents

Abstract

The captor has a sheet of plastics (3) permeable to solar radiation and a sealing layer (5), with the two joined to define a circulation conduit (6) for air, the conduit having ports of entry (9) and exit (10). The captor has a layer of textile material (4) that absorbs the solar energy, the layer being held adjacent to the sealing layer (5) and situated at the interior of the circulation conduit. Pegs or stakes (15) pierce holes in the edges of the sheet holding the collector (1) to the support surface (2), while the sealing layer can be made of a sheet of plastic material.

Description

SOLAR ENERGY SENSOR,
DRYING SYSTEM COMPRISING SAID SENSOR,
USE OF SAID SENSOR, PARTICULARLY IN THE AGRICULTURAL OR FOOD FIELDS
The present invention relates to a solar energy sensor, it also relates to a drying installation comprising said sensor. The solar energy collector, also called solar collector, object of the invention is more particularly an inflatable solar collector intended for the heating of a gaseous fluid, in particular for the heating of air.

The solar energy collector according to the invention is particularly intended for use in the agricultural or food fields.

 For the heating of air by solar energy, solar collectors are often used similar to those used for the heating of a liquid heat transfer fluid, i.e. solar collectors made up of an absorbing element placed in a rigid box having a transparent wall, the gaseous fluid circulating in contact with the absorbing element.

 Although this type of sensor is satisfactory for heating the air, these sensors are not very easy to handle because they are rigid, heavy and bulky.

 The difficult handling of collectors of this type is an important drawback when these solar collectors are used in the agricultural field for example for drying fodder, grains, the places of storage of these products being often distant from each other on a farm. agricultural.

 A solar collector intended for heating the air was then produced which is easily displaceable since it is capable of being rolled up for transport.

 Such a sensor generally comprises an inflatable conduit formed by two sheets of dark colored plastic material which are tightly joined along their periphery while providing an inlet and an outlet for the air. This duct acts as an absorbent element. To improve the performance of these sensors, the inflatable conduit is thermally insulated by an inflatable envelope trapping an air layer.

The inflatable envelope is delimited by a sheet of plastic material permeable to solar radiation and a wall of the duct, the envelope acts as an insulation chamber.

 The air to be heated is introduced into the duct by a fan. The inflatable envelope can be inflated for example using a second fan or a source of compressed air.

 Such a solar energy sensor comprising a fluid circulation duct and an isolation chamber was the subject of French patent application 80/15101 filed on July 3, 1980, published under the number 2 461 901.

 The solar energy collector according to said patent application is a solar collector which gives all satisfaction and yes makes it possible to significantly raise the temperature of the air between the inlet and the outlet of the fluid circulation duct. This solar energy collector can be used for heating water via an air / water exchanger, the air compartment of which is connected to the fluid circulation duct, this clearly shows the good thermal efficiency of a such a sensor.

 However, in the field of drying agricultural or food products using a stream of hot air, there is sometimes no need for a significant rise in the temperature of the ambient air, and even for example for the accelerated drying of the hay using a stream of hot air, an air temperature above 35 ° C should be avoided.

 I1 thus appears that the solar energy sensor according to French patent application 80/15101 can be considered "luxurious" for the intended application.

 An object of the invention is a solar energy collector of simple and economical construction, which is easily transportable and movable.

 Another object of the invention is a solar energy collector which requires only a minimum of preparation of the surface intended to support it.

 The invention also aims at a solar energy sensor intended to heat a gaseous fluid which can easily be used for the realization of a drying installation and be used in particular in the agricultural or food fields.

I1 has now been found a solar energy sensor intended to heat in particular a gaseous fluid, characterized in that it comprises
- a sheet of plastic material permeable to solar radiation,
- a sealing layer,
the plastic sheet and the sealing layer being joined together so as to delimit a gaseous fluid circulation conduit, said conduit comprising means for inlet and outlet of said gaseous fluid,
means for absorbing solar energy constituted by a textile article maintained adjacent to the face of the sealing layer situated inside the fluid circulation duct,
- Aes means for fixing said sensor to a support surface.

 Although it is written above that the textile article is adjacent to the face of the sealing layer located inside the fluid circulation duct, this does not exclude that in certain embodiments of the sensor solar object of the invention, part of the gaseous fluid can flow between the textile article and the sealing layer.

 To delimit the fluid circulation conduit, the plastic sheet and the sealing layer are joined in a sealed manner along their periphery while providing fluid inlet and outlet openings therebetween, that is to say say in the conduit. The means of entry and exit of the gaseous fluid can be constituted by tubular sleeves welded or glued to the periphery of the openings.

 Preferably the solar energy collector according to the present invention consists of a plastic sheet and a sealing layer of similar dimensions, in the form of an elongated rectangle with the widths of which two isosceles trapezoids are associated by their large bases. , the plastic sheet and the sealing layer not being joined according to the small bases of the trapezoids. Preferably according to the widths of the rectangle are associated as above surfaces similar to isosceles trapezoids whose non-parallel sides are in the form of a curve so that the fluid circulation conduit has, in operation at its ends, a profiled nozzle.

 The plastic sheet and the sealing layer can be joined in a sealed manner, for example, if the nature of the materials allows, by gluing or welding, in particular by ultrasonic welding, or preferably by sewing.

 Advantageously, the plastic sheet permeable to solar radiation and the sealing layer are joined in such a way that an outer rim is formed.

 Optionally, the plastic sheet and the sealing layer can be joined together by a clamping device.

 The plastic sheet permeable to solar radiation is preferably made of plastic materials which combine sufficient mechanical properties, good aging resistance, good resistance to ultraviolet light, good temperature resistance while being sufficiently permeable to radiation. solar and flexible by possible use of internal or external plasticizers. Adjuvants suitable for example for improving the resistance to ultraviolet rays or the temperature resistance can be incorporated into these plastics.

 The plastic sheet may be of the “film” type, possibly reinforced, for example using a network of wires embedded in the material constituting it, or be of coated fabric.

 As plastic material for producing the sheet permeable to solar radiation, it is possible to use polymers or copolymers obtained by polymerization of one or more: vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride; alfa-olefins such as ethylene, propylene; acrylic derivatives such as acrylonitrile, acrylate, methacrylate; polyhalogenated olefins such as polytetrafluoroethylene; polyvinyl acetals. Polycondensates such as polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polysiloxane polymers, cellulose polymers such as cellulose acetate can also be used.

 The sealing layer can also be a plastic sheet similar to the plastic sheet permeable to solar radiation, it can be opaque. As plastic material for producing the sealing layer, plastics similar to those used for the sheet permeable to solar radiation can be used, dyes or pigments can be incorporated therein.

 The sealing layer can also be similar to a complex bubble film similar to those used for the packaging of fragile material, this improves the insulation of the fluid circulation duct from the surface on which the sensor is posed.

 The sealing layer can optionally be reinforced, for example using a network of wires, in particular made of polyamide, embedded in the material constituting it.

 It is not going beyond the scope of the invention to produce a solar energy collector, the sealing layer of which consists of a coating layer for the textile article. The coating product can be a silicone, acrylic, polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene or even a bituminous resin.

 Optionally, the sealing layer can be obtained by impregnation of the textile article, with products similar to those used to produce a coating layer, preferably acrylic resins, polyesters, epoxy, polyurethane or neoprene are used.

 The solar energy collector object of the invention comprises absorption means constituted by a textile article.

 The textile article consists of fibers, filaments or yarns, mon or multi-strand, which can be arranged together by any known means, so as to constitute an article for example of the fabric, tablecloth, non-woven, knitting type. As a known arrangement, mention may be made of weaving, braiding, picking and entanglement, the latter arrangement being more particularly suited to the production of non-woven textile articles.

 The textile articles can be made of fibers, filaments or yarns of polymers such as for example polyamide, polyester, polyolefin; polymers based on polyester and polypropylene are preferably used.

 Non-woven textile articles obtained by direct or melt spinning, of the SPUNBONDED type, manufactured by RHONE-POULENC FIBERS from polyester continuous filaments bonded mechanically by needling sold under the name of BIDIM.

 The textile article constituting the absorption means is preferably made of threads, fibers, filaments of dark color, for example of black, green, red, blue colors.

 The textile article can be such that at least the face exposed to solar radiation has a hairy appearance similar to velvet, plush or fur.

 In the embodiments of the solar energy collector which is the subject of the invention, the sealing layer of which is not constituted by a coating layer of the textile article or is not obtained by impregnating it ci, the textile article can be fixed to the face of the sealing layer located inside the fluid circulation duct by any suitable process such as for example by welding or gluing.

 Preferably when the plastic sheet transparent to solar radiation and the sealing layer are joined in a leaktight manner by a pinching device or by stitching, the textile article is held adjacent to the face of the sealing layer by the same means. Thus the plastic sheet, the sealing layer and the textile article are pinched or sewn together.

 Optionally also a solar energy sensor according to the invention may have inside the gaseous fluid circulation conduit means for circulating a liquid fluid in heat exchange relationships with the absorption means.

 Such absorption means may include a liquid fluid circulation conduit fixed to the face of the textile article in contact with the gaseous fluid or else embedded inside the textile article.

 Optionally, the solar energy collector which is the subject of the present invention may further comprise, in the vicinity of the sealing layer, an insulating mat having, in particular, the role of ensuring good thermal insulation of the fluid circulation conduit with respect to the support surface on which the sensor is placed.

 The insulating blanket may consist of a layer of thermally insulating material fixed to the face of the sealing layer situated outside the fluid circulation duct, for example by gluing or only placed on the support surface before placing in place of the sensor. Such an insulating mattress makes it possible, in addition to thermal insulation of the sensor from the surface, to avoid any deterioration of the sensor by possible irregularities in the support surface.

 The layer of thermally insulating material or thermally insulating layer can be made of cellular material, among the materials which are very suitable, mention may be made of foams or light products obtained from polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride. , plasticized or not and to which may be incorporated suitable adjuvants for example to improve their resistance to ultraviolet and / or temperature.

 The thermally insulating layer can also be made of glass wool or rock wool. The thermally insulating layer can also consist of a sheet of nonwoven textile material similar to the textile article described above.

 The insulating mat can also consist of a layer of thermally insulating material placed between the textile article and the sealing layer. Such an insulating blanket can be a layer of thermally insulating material as described above, used in continuous form, for example in the form of a sheet, or used in particulate form.

 The insulating mattress can also be a wooden panel or a panel of wood chips agglomerated using a binder placed on the support surface before the installation of the sensor.

 The solar energy collector according to the present invention offers, when in use, wind resistance. In order to prevent the sensor from being torn off and taken off, it has effective fixing means.

 The means for fixing the solar energy sensor to the surface can be constituted by a network of wires located above said sensor, said network being attached to said support surface.

 The network of wires can consist of stretched cables or a mesh or a net. The network is firmly attached to the support surface either by means of hooks or rings fixed directly thereto, or by means of stakes, driven through the support surface, and provided with rings or hooks .

 Such a network of wires constitutes effective fixing means and avoids excessive swelling of the sensor, which reduces the wind resistance of the latter.

 According to an alternative embodiment, the means for fixing the solar energy sensor to the surface can be constituted by stakes cooperating with rings or eyelets situated along the edges of said collector, said stakes being planted in the support surface.

 The eyelets can be located in the edges formed during the joining of the plastic sheet and the sealing layer.

 A solar energy collector whose fixing means are constituted by stakes cooperating with rings or eyelets is particularly intended to be used in a mobile manner since it does not require prior preparation of the surface intended to receive the collector, the stakes being planted directly in the ground.

 A solar energy collector whose plastic sheet permeable to solar radiation, the sealing layer and possibly the textile article are joined by sewing can be equipped with fixing means constituted by a rope enclosed in a band, the assembly thus formed being sewn like piping when assembling the sheet of plastic material permeable to solar radiation, the sealing layer and possibly the textile article. The rope is then stripped from place to place by cutting the strip, the visible areas of rope forming kinds of rings cooperating with stakes.

 The strip can be formed by a ribbon, for example of fabric folded in half along its length, it can also be formed by folding before sewing an area of the textile article along the length thereof. The width of the tape is such that it allows both to lock the cord and the tape to be sewn, when sewing the sheet permeable to solar radiation, the sealing layer and possibly the article textile.

 It is not going beyond the scope of the invention to replace the rope with a rod, for example a rigid rod, advantageously the rod can slide in the sheath formed by the strip in order to be removed for handling the solar collector.

 Although reference has been made in the present text to a support surface such as for example the surface of the ground or of a terrace or of a roof, it is not going beyond the ambit of the invention to fix the sensor to a surface as defined by a network of stretched cables or a wire mesh, the sensor being fixed to the cables or to the mesh.

 The sensor is fixed to the support surface by fixing means constituted by rings or eyelets located along the edges of said sensor cooperating with the cables or the mesh defining said support surface.

 This support mode of the sensor according to the invention has the advantage of being able to easily have a support surface inclined with respect to the actual surface of the ground, or a terrace, or a roof.

 A sensor according to the invention fixed to such a support surface is preferably a sensor comprising an insulating mat.

 The solar energy collector object of the invention is more particularly intended for use in the agricultural or food fields. I1 is advantageously used for the realization of a drying installation also object of the invention.

 Such a drying installation comprises at least one solar energy sensor according to the invention, a drying chamber intended to contain the products to be dried, means for circulation of the gaseous fluid and means making it possible to connect the outlet of said sensor to the entry to said drying chamber.

 The understanding of the invention will be facilitated by the description of the attached figures which illustrate by way of examples, schematically and without a given scale, various embodiments of solar energy collectors according to the present invention as well as an installation for drying also according to the present invention.

 Figure 1 is an exterior view from above of a first embodiment of a solar energy sensor according to the invention.

 Figure 2 is a view of the sensor according to Figure 1 in section through a plane II II perpendicular to the surface on which the sensor is placed.

 FIG. 3 represents another method of fixing a solar energy sensor according to the invention.

 Figures 4a and b show a partial sectional view through a plane perpendicular to the ground surface of a solar energy collector whose constituent elements are secured by means of a clamping device and a clamping device.

 Figures 5a and b show partial views of another embodiment of the fixing means.

 Figure 6 is an exterior top view of a second embodiment of a solar energy sensor according to the present invention.

 FIG. 7 is a section through a plane VII-VII perpendicular to the surface of the ground of a solar energy collector according to FIG. 6.

 Figure 8 is a block diagram of a drying installation comprising a solar energy sensor according to the invention.

 A first embodiment of a solar energy sensor according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

 The solar energy collector (1) object of the invention shown at rest in top view in Figure 1 and in sectional operation by a plane II II perpendicular to the surface on which the collector is placed, consists of a sheet plastic material (3), a sealing layer (5) which is according to the present embodiment a complex bubble film and absorption means constituted by a textile article (4). The sheet (3) and the sealing layer (5) delimit the gaseous fluid circulation duct (6).

 The plastic sheet (3) and the sealing layer (5) are of similar dimensions, they have substantially the shape of an elongated rectangle with the widths of which two isosceles trapezoids are associated by their large base. The sheet (3) and the layer (5) are joined tightly along their periphery except according to the small bases of the trapezoids leaving open areas (12, 13) in order to provide input (9) and output means ( 10) gaseous fluid in and out of the conduit (6). Tubular sleeves (11) are welded or glued to the periphery of the open areas (12, 13) in order to allow easy connection of the input (9) and output (10) means of the solar energy collector respectively to a upstream blower and downstream user circuit.

 The plastic sheet (3) and the sealing layer (5) are joined by the seams (7) so that a flange (14) is formed along their two lengths.

 The plastic sheet (3) constituting the face exposed to solar radiation from the sensor (1) is permeable to solar radiation, the sealing layer (5) can be an opaque film.

 The means for absorbing solar energy are constituted by a textile article (4) which, according to the embodiment, is a non-woven textile article. The textile article (4) is held by the seams (7) adjacent to the sealing layer (5).

 The sensor (1) is fixed to the surface (2) on which it is placed using stakes (15) passing through eyelets (16), that is to say holes set with metal rings, provided in the edges (14). The stakes (15), similar to tent stakes, are planted in the support surface (2), for example in the ground on the surface of which the solar energy collector is placed.

 Such a solar energy collector is at rest substantially flat, it can be rolled easily, since it is made of flexible elements. The commissioning and operation of this solar energy collector are described below.

 The sensor is brought to the place of use in the form of a roll, if necessary the surface of the ground intended to receive the sensor has been prepared for example by leveling and possibly spreading a bed of sand or gravel, the sensor is unrolled. Optionally, before unwinding the sensor, an insulating mat can be placed on the surface, for example consisting of a sheet of nonwoven textile material.

 The sensor is fixed to the ground surface by means of stakes (15) passing through the eyelets (16) and sinking into the ground.

 The input means (9) of the solar energy collector are connected to a blower and the output means (10) are connected to a circuit for using the heated fluid which is most often air.

 The blower motor is started, the air to be heated enters the fluid circulation duct (6) which inflates.

 The air which circulates in the duct (6) heats up in contact with the dark colored textile article (4) which acts as an absorber, and leaves the duct (6) through the outlet (10) of where the heated air is directed to the operating circuit.

 The solar energy collector (1) shown in FIG. 3 placed on an insulating mattress (25), includes another embodiment of the fixing means.

 The means for fixing to the support surface (2) consist of a network of wires (26) located above the sensor (1), the network of wires (26) is attached to the support surface by means of rings ( 22) fixed to the support surface (2).

 The network of wires can consist of tensioned wires as shown, or else the network of wires can be in the form of a grid or a grid or even a net. The wire network can be hung on rings or hooks fixed to stakes driven into the support surface.

 FIG. 4a represents a partial view in section through a plane perpendicular to the surface of the ground (2) of a plastic sheet (3), of a sealing layer (5) and of absorption means constituted by a textile article (4) joined together by means of a pinching device (17) as shown in FIG. 4b. Such pinching devices are distributed around the periphery of the solar energy collector.

 The clamping devices (17) have a substantially cylindrical zone (18) forming jaws (27, 28) associated with a sole (19). The sole (19) is provided with holes (20), playing the role of the eyelets (16) described above allowing the stakes (15) to pass.

 The clamping devices (17) can be made of plastic or metal, the material chosen must however be of sufficient mechanical strength and elasticity.

 The sheet of plastic material permeable to solar radiation (3), the sealing layer (5) and the absorption means (4) are joined together according to the process described below with particular reference to FIG. 4a.

 The layer (5), the textile article (4) and the sheet (3) are placed one on top of the other so that their edges are overlapped. A bar (21), which can be solid or tubular, of general cylindrical appearance is also placed along the edges and the layer (5), the textile article (4) and the sheet (3) are wound on the bar ( 21) used as a core. The clamping devices (17) are then force fitted, clamping in their jaws (27, 28) the sheet (3) the textile article (4) and the sealing layer (5) on the bar (21).

 The bar (21) can be substantially flexible in order to better follow the contour of the sensor, in particular in the vicinity of the inlet and outlet areas of the gaseous fluid circulation conduit.

 A solar energy collector, the elements of which are secured by clamping devices, has the advantage of allowing easy maintenance by replacing, for example, the plastic sheet or the sealing layer if one of they deteriorated.

 According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5a and b, the means for fixing the solar energy sensor (1) to the support surface (2) consist of a rope (41) enclosed in a band (42), the assembly thus formed being sewn like piping during assembly by sewing (7) of the sealing layer (5), of the textile article (4) and of the sheet of plastic material permeable to solar radiation (3).

 The strip (42) can be formed by a ribbon (43) [cf. Figure 5a3 folded in half along its length or be formed by folding an area (44) of the textile article (4) [cf. figure 5bol.

 During assembly by sewing the strip (42) can be placed for example as shown in Figures 4a and b between the textile article (4) and the sheet permeable to solar radiation (3). The strip can also be placed on the outside face of the sheet (3), if the strip (42) is formed by folding an area (44) of the textile article (4), the edge of the sheet (3 ) is placed between the textile article (4) and the folded zone (44) thereof.

 The rope (41) is then stripped from place to place (45) by cutting the strip (42), the visible areas of rope forming kinds of rings (46) cooperating with stakes (15) driven into the surface ( 2) on which the sensor is placed.

 Although the sensor according to the invention has been described above with particular reference to a sensor whose gaseous fluid circulation duct is substantially rectilinear, it is not going beyond the ambit of the invention to produce a sensor whose duct gaseous fluid circulation is U-shaped. Such a solar energy sensor according to this second embodiment and object of the invention is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

 Figure 6 is a top view of the sensor at rest and Figure 7 is a sectional view through a plane VII-VII perpendicular to the surface on which the sensor is placed, of the sensor in operation.

 The sensor (1) according to this second embodiment is formed of a sheet of plastic material permeable to solar radiation (3), of absorption means constituted by a textile article (4) and of a sealing layer ( 5), joined by seams so that the sheet (3) and the sealing layer (5) delimit the gaseous fluid circulation duct (6).

 The plastic sheet (3), the textile article (4) and the sealing layer (5) are of similar dimensions, have substantially the shape of a rectangle with a width of which are associated by their large base two trapezoids. isosceles rectangles (32).

 The sheet (3), the textile article (4), the layer (5) are joined in a sealed manner along their entire periphery, as well as along a part (33) of the median of the rectangle except in the area (34 ) and according to the small bases of the trapezoids (32) leaving open areas (12, 13).

 The open areas (12, 13) provide inlet means (9) and outlet means (10) for the gaseous fluid in and out of the duct (6), tubular sleeves (11) are glued or welded at the periphery open areas (12, 13).

 The solar energy collector thus produced has a U-shaped gas fluid circulation duct (6) which has an inlet branch (37) and an outlet branch (38) connected by a passage at the level of the zone. (34).

 According to the lengths of the rectangle, the plastic sheet (3), the textile article (4), the sealing layer (5) are joined so that a flange (14) is formed in which eyelets are provided. (16) used for fixing the sensor (1) to the surface (2) on which the sensor is placed and preferably in such a way that depending on the part (33) of the median of the rectangle of the eyelets can also be placed.

 The various embodiments of the solar energy collector according to the invention and their variants described above have been given by way of example and it is not beyond the scope of the present invention to combine these modes with one another. of realization and / or variants.

 The solar energy collectors according to the embodiments and their variant objects of the invention can be used in particular in the agricultural or food fields for the drying of various products, such as for example fodder, seeds, leaves, wood, fruit, meats, fish ...

 The solar energy collector according to the present invention is particularly intended for the realization of a drying installation also object of the invention.

 An embodiment of such an installation is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 8, by way of example.

 It comprises a solar energy sensor (1) according to the invention fixed directly to the surface (2) of the ground and a drying chamber (47) containing the product to be dried (48), placed on a grid (52).

 The inlet (9) of the fluid circulation conduit (6) of the solar collector (1) is connected by means of the conduit (49) to gaseous fluid circulation means constituted by a fan (50), the outlet (10) of the circulation duct (6) is connected by a duct (51) to the base of the drying chamber (47).

The operation of such a drying installation is briefly described below
The product to be dried (48) is placed in the drying chamber (47), the fan (50) is then turned on.

 The air is blown through the conduit (49) at the inlet (9) of the fluid circulation conduit (6), it heats up in contact with the absorption means constituted by the textile article (4) and is directed from the outlet (10) through the conduit (51) at the base of the drying chamber. The hot air passes through the grid (52) then the product to be dried (48) and escapes, laden with humidity, through openings (53) located at the top of the drying chamber.

 The solar energy collector which is the subject of the invention has numerous advantages over the sensors designed according to the prior art.

 Indeed, the solar energy sensor according to the invention is of a simple design and it is easily transportable since it can be rolled easily.

Claims (17)

 1. - Solar energy collector intended to heat in particular a gaseous fluid, characterized in that it comprises  - a sheet of plastic (3) permeable to solar radiation,  - a sealing layer (5),  the plastic sheet (3) and the sealing layer (5) being joined so as to delimit a circulation conduit (6) of gaseous fluid, said conduit (6) comprising inlet means (9) and outlet (10) of said gaseous fluid,  - means for absorbing solar energy constituted by a textile article (4) held adjacent to the face of the sealing layer (5) located inside the fluid circulation duct (6),  - means for fixing (16) said sensor (1) to a support surface (2).  2. - solar energy collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing layer (5) is a plastic sheet.  3. - solar energy collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing layer (5) is a bubbled complex film.  4. - solar energy collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing layer (5) is a coating layer of the textile article (4).  5. - solar energy collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing layer (5) is obtained by impregnation of the textile article (4).  6. - solar energy collector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic sheet (3) permeable to solar radiation and / or the sealing layer (5) are reinforced.  7. - solar energy collector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorption means consist of a nonwoven textile article (4).  8. - solar energy collector according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the absorption means are constituted by a textile article (4), such that at least the face exposed to solar radiation present a hairy appearance.  9. - solar energy sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plastic sheet (3) permeable to solar radiation and the sealing layer (5) are secured by a device pinching (17).  10. - solar energy collector according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plastic sheet (3) permeable to solar radiation and the sealing layer (5) are joined by seams (7 ).  11. - solar energy collector according to claim 9, characterized in that the textile article (4) is held adjacent to the sealing layer (5) by said pinching device (17).  12. - solar energy collector according to claim 10, characterized in that the textile article (4) is held adjacent to the sealing layer (5) by said seams (7).  13. - solar energy collector according to any one of claims 10 or 12, characterized in that the fixing means (16) to the support surface (2) consist of a rope (41) enclosed in a strip ( 42), the assembly thus formed being sewn like piping.  14. - Solar energy collector according to any one of claims 10 or 12, characterized in that the fixing means (16) to the support surface are constituted by a rod enclosed in a strip (42), the assembly thus formed being sewn like piping.  15. - Solar energy collector according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it further comprises in the vicinity of the sealing layer (5) an insulating mat (25).  16. - Use of a solar energy sensor according to any one of the preceding claims, in particular in the agricultural and / or food fields.  17. - Drying installation, characterized in that it comprises at least one solar energy sensor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, a drying chamber (47), means for circulation of the gaseous fluid (50), means (51) for connecting the outlet (10) of said sensor (1) to the inlet of said drying chamber (47).