FI20236013A1 - Stormwater filters, stormwater treatment arrangements and stormwater treatment procedures - Google Patents
Stormwater filters, stormwater treatment arrangements and stormwater treatment procedures Download PDFInfo
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- FI20236013A1 FI20236013A1 FI20236013A FI20236013A FI20236013A1 FI 20236013 A1 FI20236013 A1 FI 20236013A1 FI 20236013 A FI20236013 A FI 20236013A FI 20236013 A FI20236013 A FI 20236013A FI 20236013 A1 FI20236013 A1 FI 20236013A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of treatment of water, and more particularly to a stormwater filter, a stormwater treatment arrangement, and a method for stormwater treatment allowing control and monitoring of the stormwater treatment. The stormwater filter (1, 101-106) of the present invention comprises a filtering unit (10), at least one sampling unit (51, 53, 56), several sensors (61-69), a control unit (70) and a communication unit (75). The filtering unit (10) is arranged to receive biochar filter material (30) inside said filter frame (11-13). The at least one sampling unit (51, 53, 56) is arranged to receive and forward a sample of incoming unfiltered water and a sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors (61-69). The control unit (70) is configured to control said at least one sampling unit (51, 53, 56) and said several sensors (61-69). The communication unit (75) is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from said control unit (70) and to communicate said results to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement.
Description
2230484FI 1
A STORMWATER FILTER, A STORMWATER TREATMENT
ARRANGEMENT AND A METHOD FOR STORMWATER
TREATMENT
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of treatment of water, and more particularly to a stormwater filter, a stormwater treatment arrangement and a method for stormwater treatment allowing control and monitoring of the stormwater treatment.
[0002] During rain events, storms and snow melts, stormwater runs on paved and unpaved surfaces, such as through rooftops, asphalt surfaces and concrete surfaces, and carries polluted stormwater to drains, the stormwater network and eventually to nature. Stormwater runoff, also often referred to as urban runoff water or surface runoff rainwater is often left untreated and is in many municipal storm sewer systems discharged untreated to rivers, lakes, or sea and to nature in general.
[0003] Stormwater typically runs different surfaces in urban areas and tends to pick up gasoline, motor oil, heavy metals such as nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead, trash, microplastics and other pollutants from roadways and parking lots. Stormwater running through rooftops contributes high levels of @ synthetic organic compounds and zinc from galvanized gutters. Stormwater
N running through residential lawns and parks tends to pick up nutrients and 3 fertilizers, such as nitrates and phosphorus. Industrial areas and landfills are
S significant sources of polluted stormwater runoff, and they contain high
E 25 concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients. In addition, mining industry and
O agriculture cause pollution to natural surface waters when stormwater runoff 2 passes through mentioned unpaved areas. Stormwater runoff from agriculture
O contains both nutrients and pesticides while typical pollutants in mining industry are heavy metals.
2230484FI 2
[0004] In urban stormwater management most stormwater systems are based on basins and pipes to transfer the water outside of the cities and bays.
In the recent decades there has also been more focus on stormwater treatment through filtration.
[0005] Today the emphasis on green infrastructure has intensified the need for removing pollutants and contaminants in stormwater that reaches other waterways, this improving the overall water guality.
[0006] In prior art solutions, there has not been developed stormwater filters in which the filtering efficiency and capacity could be constantly controlled and maintained. There has not been developed stormwater treatment arrangements allowing a constant control and monitoring stormwater treatment system as a whole.
[0007] In today's demanding environment, there is a need for a more effective and elegant solution for a stormwater filter and a need for a solution for astormwater treatment arrangement allowing constant control and monitoring.
[0008] There is a demand in the market for a method for stormwater treatment and for a stormwater treatment arrangement that would provide a better overall management of the stormwater treatment system compared to the current prior art solutions. e 20 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
N
N [0009] The object of the invention is to introduce a stormwater filter and an
S arrangement and a method for stormwater treatment, which would allow control 00
O and monitoring of the stormwater treatment and would provide a better overall z management of the stormwater treatment system. Advantageous embodiments
O 25 are furthermore presented. 3
N [0010] It is brought forward a new stormwater filter comprising a filtering unit,
N at least one sampling unit, several sensors, a control unit and a communication unit, wherein: said filtering unit comprises a filter frame, said filter frame having
2230484FI 3 an inlet for incoming water and an outlet for outcoming water, said filtering unit being arranged to receive biochar filter material inside said filter frame, said filter material comprising mostly of biochar material; said at least one sampling unit is arranged to receive and forward a sample of incoming unfiltered water and a sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors; said several sensors comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor, each of said several sensors being arranged to perform sensing function on said sample of incoming unfiltered water and on said sample of outcoming filtered water and for each performed sensing function to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit; said control unit is configured to control said at least one sampling unit, said several sensors, and said communication unit, said control unit being configured to receive the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors and to forward said results to said communication unit; and said communication unit is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from said control unit and to communicate said results to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, said filtering unit comprises a bed structure with a number of filter material grates, said filter material grates being arranged to receive said filter material.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, said filtering unit comprises a service
O layer structure with a number of service grates, said service grates being
S arranged to distribute the incoming unfiltered water from above to the filter 3 material. 3 - 25 [0013] In a preferred embodiment, said filtering unit comprises two partition a walls in the end of the inlet for incoming water, whereby: a first inlet partition wall = of said two partition walls is fixed to the top part of said filter ftame of the filtering 2 unit for directing the incoming water first to go to a bottom part of the filtering
N unit; and a second inlet partition wall of said two partition walls is arranged after said a first inlet partition wall and fixed to the bottom part of said filter frame of
2230484FI 4 the filtering unit for directing the incoming water to go to a top part of the filtering unit before entering the filtration.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, said filtering unit comprises an outlet partition wall in the end of the outlet for outcoming water, said outlet partition wallbeing fixed to the center part of said filter frame of the filtering unit.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment, said filtering unit comprises filter material resting on said filter material grates of said bed structure.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment, said filter material has a granularity and consistency suited for filtering out both organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants from the incoming water .
[0017] In a preferred embodiment, said at least one sampling unit is arranged: to receive a sample of incoming unfiltered water and a sample of outcoming filtered water; and to forward said received sample of incoming unfiltered water and said received sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment, said several sensors comprise one or more of the following sensors: a pH sensor (pH, the potential of Hydrogen), a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor and a water level sensor.
O 20 [0019] In a preferred embodiment, said control unit and said communication
O
N unit are arranged as a one integrated unit. & x [0020] Furthermore, it is brought forward a new stormwater treatment =E arrangement, said stormwater treatment arrangement comprising a server and a e several stormwater filters of the invention, wherein said server is arranged: to 3 25 receive and store results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming
O
N unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water from said several stormwater
Al filters as filter sensor data; to analyse said received and stored results of sensing
2230484FI functions for producing a filter sensor data analysis; and to determine control and/or maintenance actions based on said filter sensor data analysis.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment of said arrangement, said server is arranged to reguest filter sensor data from one or more of said several 5 stormwater filters.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of said arrangement, said server is configured to forward filter sensor data and/or filter sensor data analysis to a mobile device and/or a computer device.
[0023] Furthermore, it is brought forward a new method for stormwater treatment in a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement of the invention, in which method: results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water from one or more of several stormwater filters of to the invention are received and stored; said received and stored results of sensing functions are analysed for producing a filter sensor data analysis; and control and/or maintenance actions are determined based on said filter sensor data analysis.
[0024] Furthermore, it is brought forward a new method for stormwater treatment in a stormwater filter of a stormwater treatment arrangement of the invention, in which method: sensing functions are performed on a sample of incoming unfiltered water; said incoming water is filtered by filter material to
Q produce outcoming filtered water; sensing functions are performed on a sample
N of outcoming filtered water; and results of sensing functions performed on
S samples of incoming unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water are 3 communicated to a server of said stormwater treatment arrangement.
I
: 25 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
O
2 [0025] In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail
R by way of example and with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
2230484FI 6
Figure 1 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a filtering unit of a stormwater filter according to the present invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a filtering unit of a stormwater filter according to the present invention.
Figure3 illustrates an embodiment of an incoming water sensing arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention.
Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of an outcoming water sensing arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention.
Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment of a water sensing arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention.
Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of a control arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention.
Figure 7 illustrates a simplified diagram of an embodiment of a stormwater treatment arrangement according to the present invention.
Figure 8 illustrates a functional block diagram of an embodiment of a stormwater treatment arrangement according to the present invention.
Figure 9 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for stormwater treatment according to the present invention.
Figure 10 illustrates a flow diagram of another embodiment of a method for stormwater treatment according to the present invention.
Figure 11 illustrates a flow diagram of a third embodiment of a method for stormwater treatment according to the present invention. & The foregoing aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be a apparent from the drawings and the detailed description related thereto.
O
2 25 In the following, the invention will be described in greater detail by means of
E preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings of Figures en 1 to 11. 3 & DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Al
[0026] The stormwater filter according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a filtering unit, at least one sampling unit, several sensors,
2230484FI 7 a control unit and a communication unit, wherein: said filtering unit comprises a filter frame, said filter frame having an inlet for incoming water and an outlet for outcoming water, said filtering unit being arranged to receive biochar filter material inside said filter frame, said filter material comprising mostly of biochar material; said at least one sampling unit is arranged to receive and forward a sample of incoming unfiltered water and a sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors; said several sensors comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor, each of said several sensors being arranged to perform sensing function on said sample of incoming unfiltered water and on said sample of outcoming filtered water and for each performed sensing function to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit; said control unit is configured to control said at least one sampling unit, said several sensors, and said communication unit, said control unit being configured to receive the results of sensing functions from eachof said several sensors and to forward said results to said communication unit; and said communication unit is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from said control unit and to communicate said results to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement.
[0027] Figure 1 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a filtering unit of a stormwater filter according to the present invention. The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 of a stormwater filter comprises a filter frame 11-13, said filter frame 11-13 having an inlet 21 for & incoming water and an outlet 22 for outcoming water. In the presented a embodiment the filter frame 11-13 of the filtering unit 10 of a stormwater filter = 25 comprises a tubular outer frame 11, a first end plate 12 and a second end plate = 13. In the presented embodiment the inlet 21 for incoming water is arranged
E through the first end plate 12. Respectively, the outlet 22 for outcoming water is = arranged through the second end plate 13. In the presented embodiment the 2 first end plate 12 comprises an additional water inlet/outlet 23, and the second i 30 endplate 13 comprises an additional water inlet/outlet 24. Said additional water inlets/outlets 23, 24 may be used as alternative water inlets/outlets 23, 24 and
2230484FI 8 also as water inlets/outlets 23, 24 for cleaning and maintenance purposes. Said additional water inlets/outlets 23, 24 may be sealed off in normal operation.
[0028] The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 also comprises a partition walls 14-16 fixed to said tubular outer frame 11. Furthermore, the presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 also comprises a bed structure 18, 20 being arranged to receive the filter material on said bed structure 18, 20. The filter material is arranged for filtering the stormwater and is not shown in Figure 1. In the presented embodiment the bed structure 18, 20 comprises a number of grate support fixtures 20 fixed to said tubular outer frame 11 and/or to said partition walls 14-16 of said of filtering unit 10. Said bed structure 18, 20 also comprises a number of filter material grates 18 arranged to fit on said grate support fixtures 20. Said grate support fixtures 20 are arranged to receive said filter material grates 18. Said grate support fixtures 20 are also arranged to carry the weight of said filter material grates 18 as well as the weight of said filter material and also the weight of the stormwater being filtrated. Said filter material grates 18 are arranged to receive said filter material. Said filter material grates 18 are also arranged to carry the weight of said filter material and also the weight of the stormwater being filtrated. Said filter material grates 18 have openings allowing the filtered water to go through said openings to the bottom of said tubular outer frame 11 and towards the outlet 22 for outcoming water.
[0029] The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 also comprises a
O service layer structure 17, 19 on top of said filter material, said service layer
S structure 17, 19 being arranged to distribute the incoming unfiltered water 3 somewhat evenly from above to the filter material resting on said bed structure
S 25 18, 20. = > [0030] In the presented embodiment the service layer structure 17, 19 = comprises a number of grate support rails 19 fixed to said tubular outer frame 2 11 and/or to said partition walls 14-16 of said of filtering unit 10. Said service
N layer structure 17, 19 also comprises a number of service grates 17 arranged to fit on said grate support rails 19. Said grate support rails 19 are arranged to
2230484FI 9 receive said service grates 17. Said grate support rails 19 are also arranged to carry the weight of said service grates 17 as well as the weight of the stormwater being filtrated. Said service grates 1/ are arranged to carry the weight of the stormwater being filtrated. Said service grates 17 are arranged to distribute the incoming unfiltered water somewhat evenly from above to the filter material resting on said bed structure 18, 20. Said service grates 17 have openings allowing the unfiltered water to go through said openings to the filter material resting on said bed structure 18, 20.
[0031] The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 also comprises service outlets 25, 26 arranged on the top part of the filter frame 11-13. Said service outlets 25, 26 allow the inserting of the filter material inside said a filtering unit 10 and also allow the extracting of the used filter material out from said a filtering unit 10 for example with suction. Said service outlets 25, 26 also allow other service and maintenance activities to be carried out inside said filtering unit 10. A stormwater filter according to the present invention also comprises a sampling unit and several sensors as well as a control unit and a communication unit which are not shown in Figure 1.
[0032] Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a filtering unit of a stormwater filter according to the present invention. The presented another embodiment of a filtering unit 10 of a stormwater filter comprises a filter frame having an inlet 21 for incoming water 31 and an outlet ™ 22 for outcoming water 32. Said filter frame may have a tubular shape or another
S shape, for example a shape of a parallelepiped. The presented another 3 embodiment of a filtering unit 10 comprises additional water inlets/outlets which
S 25 may be used for cleaning and maintenance purposes, and which can be sealed
E off in normal operation. = [0033] The presented another embodiment of a filtering unit 10 also 2 comprises a bed structure having a number of filter material grates 18 supported
N by grate support fixtures. Said filter material grates 18 of said bed structure are arranged to receive the filter material on filter material grates. The grate support
2230484FI 10 fixtures of said bed structure are not shown in Figure 2. The filter material is arranged for filtering the stormwater and is indicated with reference number 30 in Figure 2. Furthermore, the presented another embodiment of a filtering unit 10 also comprises a service layer structure having a number of service grates 17 supported by grate support rails. Said service grates 17 of said service layer structure are arranged to distribute the incoming unfiltered water 31 somewhat evenly from above to the filter material 30 resting on said filter material grates 18 of said bed structure. The grate support rails of said service layer structure are not shown in Figure 2.
[0034] The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 comprises a partition walls 14-16 fixed to said filter frame of the filtering unit 10. In the presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 there are two partition walls 14, 15 in the end of the inlet 21 for incoming water 31 and one partition wall 16 in the end of the outlet 22 for outcoming water 32. In the end of the inlet 21 for incoming water 31 there is a first inlet partition wall 14 fixed to the top part of said filter frame of the filtering unit 10. Said first inlet partition wall 14 directs the incoming water 31 first to go to a bottom part of the filtering unit 10. This allows bigger solid material to settle and remain at the bottom of the filtering unit 10 and not to go to filtration. In the end of the inlet 21 for incoming water 31 after said first inlet partition wall 14 there is a second inlet partition wall 15 fixed to the bottom part of said filter frame of the filtering unit 10. Said second inlet partition wall 15 directs the incoming water 31 to go to a top part of the filtering unit 10 before & entering the filtration. In Figure 2 the flow of the incoming water 31 is indicated a with a line and arrows. In the end of the outlet 22 for outcoming water 32 there = 25 is an outlet partition wall 16 fixed to the center part of said filter frame of the = filtering unit 10. Said outlet partition wall 16 directs the filtered water 32 to go to
E the top of the filtering unit 10 and towards the outlet 22 for outcoming water 32.
O
3 [0035] In the presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 there is the filter
O material 30 arranged between said second inlet partition wall 15 and said outlet partition wall 16. Said filter material 30 is arranged to rest on said filter material grates 18 of said bed structure. Said service grates 17 are arranged to distribute
2230484FI 11 the incoming unfiltered water 31 somewhat evenly from above to the filter material 30. Said service grates 17 have openings allowing the unfiltered water 31 to go through said openings to the filter material 30 resting on said filter material grates 18 of said bed structure.
[0036] In the presented embodiment the filter material 30 comprises mostly of biochar material. In another embodiment the filter material 30 may comprise almost entirely of biochar material. Biochar material is a form of charcoal typically comprising carbon and ashes i.e. lightweight residue remaining after the pyrolysis of biomass. Biochar material can be obtained from a thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment.
Biochar is a stable solid material that is rich in pyrogenic environment. Biochar is a stable solid material that is rich in pyrogenic carbon. In the presented embodiment said filter material 30 has a granularity and consistency suited for filtering out both organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants from the incoming water 31. The size distribution of the biochar is defined according to the desired water flow, and it can be adjusted by adding suitable organic or inorganic material, such as sand.
[0037] In the presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 the filter material 30 i.e. biochar filter material 30 effectively filters out many impurities out from the incoming water 31 which impurities remain attached to the biochar filter material 30. Said filter material 30 has granularity and consistency suited for
O filtering out both organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants from the
S incoming water 31. The impurities may include both organic contaminants and 3 inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrients,
S 25 solids, microplastics, oil etc. among others.
I
, [0038] In the presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 the service = grates 17 are arranged to distribute the incoming unfiltered water 31 somewhat 2 evenly from above to the filter material 30 resting on said filter material grates
N 18 of said bed structure. Said service grates 17 have openings allowing the incoming water 31 to go through said openings to the filter material 30. The
2230484FI 12 incoming water 31 is filtered by the filter material 30. During filtration the water flows through said filter material 30 as indicate with arrows in in Figure 2. On the bottom below said filter material 30 the filter material grates 18 have openings allowing the outcoming filtered water 32 to go through said openings to the bottom of the filtering unit 10 and towards the outlet 22 for outcoming water 32.
In Figure 2 the flow of the outcoming water 32 is indicated with a line and arrows.
[0039] The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 of a stormwater filter is also accompanied by an incoming water sensing arrangement 50 and an outcoming water sensing arrangement 55, said sensing arrangements 50, 55 comprising at least one sampling unit and several sensors. A stormwater filter according to the present invention also comprises a control unit and a communication unit which are not shown in Figure 2. The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 of a stormwater filter may be located below ground. The presented embodiment of a filtering unit 10 of a stormwater filter may also be located above ground, for example inside a freight container.
[0040] Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of an incoming water sensing arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention. The presented embodiment of an incoming water sensing arrangement 50 of a stormwater filter 1 comprises at least one sampling unit 51 and several sensors 61-63. In the presented embodiment said at least one sampling unit 51 is arranged to receive a sample flow from the incoming unfiltered water before said
O incoming water enters to a filtering unit 10 of said stormwater filter 1 for filtration.
S Said at least one sampling unit 51 is also arranged to forward a sample of 3 incoming unfiltered water to said several sensors 61-63. 3 - 25 [0041] In the presented embodiment the stormwater filter 1 also a comprises a control unit 70, which control unit 70 is configured to control said at = least one sampling unit 51 and to control said several sensors 61-63. The control 2 unit 70 controls the sampling unit 51 at selected time intervals to receive a
N sample flow from the incoming unfiltered water and to forward a sample of incoming unfiltered water to said several sensors 61-63. The control unit 70
2230484FI 13 controls said several sensors 61-63 at selected time intervals to perform sensing function on said sample of incoming unfiltered water and to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit 70. The control unit 70 of the stormwater filter 1 is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors 61-63.
[0042] In the presented embodiment said several sensors 61-63 comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor. Each of said several sensors 61-63 is arranged to perform sensing function on a sample of incoming unfiltered water and for each performed sensing function to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit 70.
[0043] Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of an outcoming water sensing arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention. The presented embodiment of an outcoming water sensing arrangement 55 of a stormwater filter 1 comprises at least one sampling unit 56 and several sensors 64-66. In the presented embodiment said at least one sampling unit 56 is arranged to receive a sample flow from the outcoming filtered water as said outcoming water exits from a filtering unit 10 of said stormwater filter 1 after filtration. Said at least one sampling unit 56 is also arranged to forward a sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors 64-66.
[0044] In the presented embodiment the stormwater filter 1 also & comprises a control unit 70, which control unit 70 is configured to control said at a least one sampling unit 56 and to control said several sensors 64-66. The control = unit 70 controls the sampling unit 51 at selected time intervals to receive a = 25 sample flow from the outcoming filtered water and to forward a sample of a outcoming filtered water to said several sensors 64-66. The control unit 70 = controls said several sensors 64-66 at selected time intervals to perform sensing 2 function on said sample of outcoming filtered water and to forward a signal
N indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit 70. The control
2230484FI 14 unit 70 of the stormwater filter 1 is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors 64-66.
[0045] In the presented embodiment said several sensors 64-66 comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor. Each of said several sensors 64-66 is arranged to perform sensing function on a sample of outcoming filtered water and for each performed sensing function to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit 70.
[0046] Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment of a water sensing arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention. The presented another embodiment of a water sensing arrangement 52 of a stormwater filter 1 comprises at least one sampling unit 53 and several sensors 67-69. In the presented another embodiment said at least one sampling unit 53 is arranged to receive a sample flow from the incoming unfiltered water before said incoming water enters to a filtering unit 10 of said stormwater filter 1 for filtration. In the presented another embodiment said at least one sampling unit 53 is also arranged to receive a sample flow from the outcoming filtered water as said outcoming water exits from a filtering unit 10 of said stormwater filter 1 after filtration. Said at least one sampling unit 53 is also arranged not to mix the samples together and to handle a sample of incoming unfiltered water separate from a sample of outcoming filtered water. Said at least one sampling unit 53 is
O also arranged to forward said sample of incoming unfiltered water and said
S sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors 67-69.
S
© [0047] In the presented embodiment the stormwater filter 1 also = 25 comprises a control unit 70, which control unit 70 is configured to control said at a least one sampling unit 53 and to control said several sensors 67-69. The control = unit 70 controls the sampling unit 53 at selected time intervals to receive a 2 sample flow from the incoming unfiltered water or to receive a sample flow from
N the outcoming filtered water and to forward a sample of incoming unfiltered water orto forward a sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors 67-
2230484FI 15 69. The control unit 70 controls said several sensors 67-69 at selected time intervals to perform sensing function on said sample of incoming unfiltered water or to perform sensing function on said sample of outcoming filtered water and to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit 70. The control unit 70 of the stormwater filter 1 is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors 67-69.
[0048] In the presented another embodiment said several sensors 67-69 comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor. Each of said several sensors 67-69 is arranged to perform sensing function on a sample of incoming unfiltered water and on a sample of outcoming filtered water and for each performed sensing function to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit 70.
[0049] In the presented invention said several sensors 61-69 comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor. Furthermore, said several sensors 61-69 may also comprise one or more of the following sensors: a pH sensor (pH, the potential of
Hydrogen), a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor and a water level sensor.
[0050] Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of a control arrangement of a stormwater filter according to the present invention. The presented embodiment of a control arrangement of a stormwater filter 1 comprises at least one sampling & unit 53 and several sensors 67-69, a control unit 70 and a communication unit a 75. Said at least one sampling unit 53 is arranged to receive and handle samples = of water and to forward samples of water to said several sensors 67-69. Said = 25 several sensors 67-69 are arranged to receive said samples of water from said a at least one sampling unit 53 and to perform sensing functions on said samples = of water.
S
I [0051] The control unit 70 of the stormwater filter 1 is configured to control said at least one sampling unit 53 and to control said several sensors 67-69.
2230484FI 16
Said control unit 70 is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors 67-69.
[0052] The control unit 70 of the stormwater filter 1 is also configured to control and communicate with said communication unit 75. Said control unit 70 is configured to forward the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors 67-69 to said communication unit 75. Furthermore, said control unit 70 is configured to forward the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors 67-69 to said communication unit 75. Said control unit 70 is also configured to control said communication unit 75 to communicate the results of sensing functions to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement.
[0053] Said communication unit 75 is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from control unit 70. Said communication unit 75 is also configured to receive control instructions from said control unit 70 and also to communicate the results of sensing functions to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement. In the present invention, said control unit 70 and said communication unit 75 may also be arranged as a one integrated unit.
[0054] Figure 7 illustrates a simplified diagram of an embodiment of a stormwater treatment arrangement according to the present invention. The presented embodiment of stormwater treatment arrangement comprises several stormwater filters 101-106 arranged in several stormwater lines. The uppermost stormwater line in Figure 7 comprises one stormwater filter 101. The two & stormwater lines in the middle in Figure 7 each comprise one stormwater filter a 102, 103 after which said stormwater lines are combined into an input of a third = stormwater filter 104. The lowermost stormwater line in Figure 7 comprises two = 25 stormwater filters 105, 106. The functioning of the stormwater treatment : arrangement according to the present invention is shown in Figure 8. 2 [0055] Figure 8 illustrates a functional block diagram of an embodiment
O of a stormwater treatment arrangement according to the present invention. The presented embodiment of stormwater treatment arrangement comprises a server 80 and several stormwater filters 101-106 arranged in stormwater lines
2230484FI 17 of said stormwater treatment arrangement. Each of said stormwater filters 101- 106 comprises a filtering unit, at least one sampling unit, several sensors, a control unit and a communication unit. Each of said stormwater filters 101-106 is configured to communicate the results of sensing functions to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement. Said server 80 is configured to receive the results of sensing functions from each of said stormwater filters 101-106 and to store said received results of sensing functions to a data storage 81 as filter sensor data. Said server 80 and said data storage 81 may also be realised as one integrated server unit comprising data storage capacity.
[0056] In said one or more said stormwater filters 101-106 sensing functions are performed on a sample of incoming unfiltered water 31. After this, incoming water 31 is filtered by filter material 30 to produce outcoming filtered water 32. Thereafter, in said one or more said stormwater filters 101-106 sensing functions are performed on a sample of outcoming filtered water 32. Finally, the results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water 31 and of outcoming filtered water 32 are communicated to said server of the stormwater treatment arrangement.
[0057] In the presented embodiment of a stormwater treatment arrangement said server 80 is also configured to requesting filter sensor data from one or more of said several stormwater filters 101-106. Furthermore, said server 80 is also configured to send control instructions to one or more of said ® several stormwater filters 101-106. & > [0058] In the presented embodiment of a stormwater treatment = arrangement said server 80 may be remotely accessed by a mobile device 85 = 25 or a computer device 86. Said server 80 is also configured to forward filter a sensor data as well as filter sensor data analysis to said mobile device 85 and/or = said computer device 86. Furthermore, said server 80 is also configured to 2 receive data and control instructions said mobile device 85 and/or said computer
N device 86.
2230484FI 18
[0059] Figure 9 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for stormwater treatment according to the present invention. In the method according to the present third embodiment, in a stormwater filter 1, 101-106 of a stormwater treatment arrangement sensing functions are first performed 91 on a sample of incoming unfiltered water 31. As the next step, said incoming water 31 is filtered 92 by filter material 30 to produce outcoming filtered water 32.
[0060] Thereafter, in the presented an embodiment, sensing functions are performed 93 on a sample of outcoming filtered water 32. As the next step in said stormwater filter 1, 101-106 of a stormwater treatment arrangement, the results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water 31 and of outcoming filtered water 32 are communicated 94 to a server 80 of a stormwater treatment arrangement as filter sensor data.
[0061] Figure 10 illustrates a flow diagram of another embodiment of a method for stormwater treatment according to the present invention. In the method according to the present another embodiment, results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water from one or more of several stormwater filters 1, 101-106 are first received 96 in a server 80 of a stormwater treatment arrangement. Thereafter, said received results of sensing functions are stored 97 to a data storage 81 of said stormwater treatment arrangement as filter sensor data.
[0062] Thereafter, said received and stored filter sensor data is analysed & 98 in said server 80 to produce filter sensor data analysis. In the presented a another embodiment, as the next step, control actions and/or maintenance 3 actions are determined 99 based on said filter sensor data analysis.
E 25 [0063] Figure 11 illustrates a flow diagram of a third embodiment of a
O method for stormwater treatment according to the present invention. In the 2 method according to the present another embodiment, results of sensing
O functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water is reguested 95 from one or more of said several stormwater filters 1, 101-106 by a server 80 of a stormwater treatment arrangement. As the next
2230484FI 19 step, the reguested results of sensing functions from one or more of several stormwater filters 1, 101-106 are received 96 in said server 80 as filter sensor data.
[0064] Thereafter, said received and stored filter sensor data is analysed 98 in said server 80 to produce filter sensor data analysis. In the presented third embodiment, as the next step, control actions and/or maintenance actions are determined 99 based on said filter sensor data analysis.
[0065] With the help of the stormwater filter according to the present invention many impurities are effectively filtered out from the incoming water 31 said impurities including both organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrients, solids, microplastics, oil etc. among others.
[0066] The method for stormwater treatment and the stormwater treatment arrangement according to the present invention allow constant control and monitoring and provides a better overall management of the stormwater treatment system compared to the current prior art solutions.
[0067] It is to be understood that the above description and the accompanying Figures are only intended to teach the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The e above-described embodiments of the invention may thus be modified or varied,
N without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in
S light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention 3 and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may = 25 vary within the scope of the claims and their equivalents. © g
S
Claims (15)
1. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) comprising a filtering unit (10), at least one sampling unit (51, 53, 56), several sensors (61-69), a control unit (70) and a communication unit (75), wherein: - said filtering unit (10) comprises a filter frame (11-13), said filter frame (11-13) having an inlet (21) for incoming water (31) and an outlet (22) for outcoming water (32), said filtering unit (10) being arranged to receive biochar filter material (30) inside said filter frame (11-13), said filter material (30) comprising mostly of biochar material; - said at least one sampling unit (51, 53, 56) is arranged to receive and forward a sample of incoming unfiltered water and a sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors (61-69); - said several sensors (61-69) comprise a conductivity sensor, an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor and a turbidity sensor, each of said several sensors (61-69) being arranged to perform sensing function on said sample of incoming unfiltered water and on said sample of outcoming filtered water and for each performed sensing function to forward a signal indicating the result of the sensing function to the control unit (70); - said control unit (70) is configured to control said at least one sampling unit (51, 53, 56), said several sensors (61-69), and said n communication unit (75), said control unit (70) being configured to receive S the results of sensing functions from each of said several sensors (61-69) 2 25 and to forward said results to said communication unit (75); and © - said communication unit (75) is configured to receive the results of = sensing functions from said control unit (70) and to communicate said results to a server of a stormwater treatment arrangement. 3 N 30 2. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to claim 1, wherein said N filtering unit (10) comprises a bed structure (18, 20) with a number of filter
2230484FI 21 material grates (18), said filter material grates (18) being arranged to receive said filter material (30).
3. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said filtering unit (10) comprises a service layer structure (17, 19) with a number of service grates (17), said service grates (17) being arranged to distribute the incoming unfiltered water from above to the filter material (30).
4. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims 1-3, wherein said filtering unit (10) comprises two partition walls (14, 15) in the end of the inlet (21) for incoming water (31), whereby: - a first inlet partition wall (14) of said two partition walls (14, 15) is fixed to the top part of said filter frame (11-13) of the filtering unit (10) for directing the incoming water (31) first to go to a bottom part of the filtering unit (10); and - a second inlet partition wall (15) of said two partition walls (14, 15) is arranged after said a first inlet partition wall (14) and fixed to the bottom part of said filter frame (11-13) of the filtering unit (10) for directing the incoming water (31) to go to a top part of the filtering unit (10) before entering the filtration.
n 5. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to claim 4, wherein said S filtering unit (10) comprises an outlet partition wall (16) in the end of the 2 25 outlet (22) for outcoming water (32), said outlet partition wall (16) being © fixed to the center part of said filter frame of the filtering unit (10). j n 6. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims 2-5, 3 wherein said filtering unit (10) comprises filter material (30) resting on said O 30 filter material grates (18) of said bed structure (18, 20).
2230484FI 22
7. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to claim 6, wherein said filter material (30) has a granularity and consistency suited for filtering out both organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants from the incoming water (31).
8. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims 1-7, wherein said at least one sampling unit (53) is arranged: - to receive a sample of incoming unfiltered water and a sample of outcoming filtered water; and - to forward said received sample of incoming unfiltered water and said received sample of outcoming filtered water to said several sensors (67-69).
9. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims 1-8, wherein said several sensors (61-69) comprise one or more of the following sensors: a pH sensor (pH, the potential of Hydrogen), a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor and a water level sensor.
10. A stormwater filter (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims 1-9, wherein said control unit (70) and said communication unit (75) are arranged as a one integrated unit. N < 11. A stormwater treatment arrangement, comprising a server (80) 2 25 and several stormwater filters (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims © 1-10, wherein said server (80) is arranged: = - to receive and store results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water from 3 said several stormwater filters (1, 101-106) as filter sensor data; & 30 - to analyse said received and stored results of sensing functions for N producing a filter sensor data analysis; and
2230484FI 23 - to determine control and/or maintenance actions based on said filter sensor data analysis.
12. A stormwater treatment arrangement according to claim 11, wherein said server (80) is arranged to reguest filter sensor data from one or more of said several stormwater filters (1, 101-106).
13. A stormwater treatment arrangement according to claim 11 or to claim 12, wherein said server (80) is configured to forward filter sensor data and/or filter sensor data analysis to a mobile device (85) and/or a computer device (86).
14. Amethodfor stormwater treatment in a server (80) of a stormwater treatment arrangement according to any of the claims 11-13, in which method: - results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water and of outcoming filtered water from one or more of several stormwater filters (1, 101-106) according to any of the claims 1- 10 are received and stored; - said received and stored results of sensing functions are analysed for producing a filter sensor data analysis; and - control and/or maintenance actions are determined based on said n filter sensor data analysis. N & 2 25
15. A method for stormwater treatment in a stormwater filter (1, 101- © 106) of a stormwater treatment arrangement according to any of the = claims 11-13, in which method: - sensing functions are performed on a sample of incoming 3 unfiltered water (31); O 30 - said incoming water (31) is filtered by filter material (30) to produce outcoming filtered water (32);
2230484FI 24 - sensing functions are performed on a sample of outcoming filtered water (32); and - results of sensing functions performed on samples of incoming unfiltered water (31) and of outcoming filtered water (32) are communicated to a server (80) of said stormwater treatment arrangement.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FI20236013A FI20236013A1 (en) | 2023-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | Stormwater filters, stormwater treatment arrangements and stormwater treatment procedures |
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