ES2850376A1

ES2850376A1 - Device that absorbs water from air humidity in desert areas (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Info

Publication number: ES2850376A1
Application number: ES202000026A
Authority: ES
Inventors: De Alba Antonio Ibanez
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-02-27
Filing date: 2020-02-27
Publication date: 2021-08-27

Abstract

Device that absorbs water from the humidity of the air in desert areas, comprising a body composed of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate, which adopts the configuration of a tree, intended to be planted in desert areas in order to produce natural rains. Presenting the same characteristics as a natural tree, for the purposes of absorption, storage and controlled evaporation of water, with the advantage of not needing water for its maintenance. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

Dispositivo que absorbe el agua de la humedad del aire en zonas desérticasDevice that absorbs water from air humidity in desert areas

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La invención que nos ocupa tiene por objeto un dispositivo que reduce el consumo de agua en riego favoreciendo la producción del ciclo de lluvias.The object of the invention in question is a device that reduces the consumption of water in irrigation by favoring the production of the rain cycle.

Es sabido que las grandes masas de agua de los mares y océanos emiten constantemente vapor de agua a causa de la evaporación favorecida por el calor solar. Puestos que la densidad del vapor de agua es 0,62 veces la del aire, el vapor de agua se eleva a las altas regiones de la atmósfera saturando el aire de humedad. Los vientos desplazan este aire húmedo y lo llevan sobre los continentes. Al enfriarse el vapor de agua se condensa en minúsculas gotas de agua constituyendo las nubes y las nieblas, originándose en consecuencia la lluvia, granizo o nieve... El agua, en la forma más pura contiene un porcentaje del 0,003% de materia sólida disuelta en el aire.It is known that the great masses of water in the seas and oceans constantly emit water vapor due to evaporation favored by solar heat. Since the density of water vapor is 0.62 times that of air, water vapor rises to the upper regions of the atmosphere, saturating the air with moisture. The winds move this humid air and carry it over the continents. When the water vapor cools, it condenses into tiny drops of water, constituting clouds and fogs, thus causing rain, hail or snow ... Water, in its purest form, contains a percentage of 0.003% of dissolved solid matter. in the air.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

También es sabido que en las zonas desérticas las temperaturas diurnas son del orden de 30°C y 60°C, según que lugares, y las nocturnas oscilan entre -5°C a 10°C. Como se aprecia, se produce un cambio muy brusco de temperatura motivado por la falta de humedad en el aire, consecuencia de la ausencia de plantas, árboles, etc.It is also known that in desert areas daytime temperatures are of the order of 30 ° C and 60 ° C, depending on which places, and at night they range from -5 ° C to 10 ° C. As can be seen, there is a very abrupt change in temperature caused by the lack of humidity in the air, a consequence of the absence of plants, trees, etc.

Todo equilibrio ecológico se produce merced a la erosión del viento; producen el grado de humedad necesario para el ciclo de lluvias; filtran los rayos ultravioleta y absorben del orden 60% de su radiación.All ecological balance is produced thanks to the erosion of the wind; they produce the degree of humidity necessary for the rain cycle; they filter ultraviolet rays and absorb around 60% of their radiation.

El salto térmico antedicho, producido en las zonas desérticas, es el resultado de la ausencia total de plantas y arbolado, dando lugar a que los vientos se muevan con toda libertad por el suelo al no encontrar obstáculos, produciendo una erosión continuada; al propio tiempo, las nubes que durante el día fueron desplazadas hacia el interior, nunca llegan hasta estas zonas debido al choque térmico, y descargan la lluvia antes de alcanzar aquellas.The aforementioned thermal jump, produced in desert areas, is the result of the total absence of plants and trees, causing the winds to move freely over the ground as they do not encounter obstacles, producing continued erosion; at the same time, the clouds that were displaced inland during the day never reach these areas due to thermal shock, and discharge the rain before reaching them.

La única forma de romper esta barrera térmica y producir una ionización, del aire es la repoblación de dichas zonas desérticas, lo que dará origen a la evaporación controlada y al consecuente descenso de las temperaturas por el efecto ionizante térmico químico físico. En estas condiciones, tanto los vientos como las nubes desplazarían la humedad hacia el interior, ya que la barrera térmica descendería en valores considerables, facilitando la entrada de las nubes, que producirían un cambio climatológico total. El cambio climatológico diurno/nocturno no sería tan brusco, debido a la gran evaporación que se originaría y por la presencia de la gran masa de árboles.The only way to break this thermal barrier and produce ionization of the air is to repopulate these desert areas, which will give rise to controlled evaporation and the consequent drop in temperatures due to the physical-chemical thermal ionizing effect. Under these conditions, both the winds and the clouds would displace the humidity towards the interior, since the thermal barrier would decrease in considerable values, facilitating the entry of the clouds, which would produce a total climatic change. The diurnal / nocturnal climatological change would not be so abrupt, due to the great evaporation that would originate and due to the presence of the great mass of trees.

Los árboles y las plantas, entre otras de sus funciones, absorben la humedad existente en el aire y sobre todo en zonas desérticas en las que durante la noche hay mucha humedad. Durante la noche absorben la humedad, rocío y durante el día se produce la evaporación controlada, lo que tiende a mantener un equilibrio ecológico del clima.Trees and plants, among other functions, absorb existing moisture in the air and especially in desert areas where there is a lot of humidity at night. During the night they absorb moisture, dew and during the day controlled evaporation occurs, which tends to maintain an ecological balance of the climate.

Es evidente, que pretender una repoblación de arbolado siguiendo los métodos tradicionales naturales, se vería totalmente frustrada debido a las duras condiciones climatológicas de las zonas desérticas a que se ha hecho alusión siendo el fenómeno destructivo tanto más acusado cuando la especie que se trata de implantar se encuentre colocada más alejada de su optimun climatológico, es decir, más en los límites de su natural área de distribución geográfica.It is evident that trying to repopulate trees following natural traditional methods would be totally frustrated due to the harsh weather conditions of the desert areas that have been alluded to, being the destructive phenomenon all the more pronounced when the species to be implanted is located further away from its climatological optimun, that is, more within the limits of its natural geographic distribution area.

Es por ello que se ha concebido el dispositivo objeto de la presente invención, consistente en un cuerpo compuesto de poliuretano y polisocianirato, que adopta la configuración de un árbol natural, destinado específicamente para almacenamiento de agua para ser plantado en las zonas desérticas con fines a la producción de humedad suficiente El árbol citado presenta las mismas características del árbol natural solamente a los efectos de absorción almacenamiento del agua, y evaporación controlada. Este árbol cumple las funciones del árbol natural, pero, con las Ventajas de que no precisa agua para su alimentación.That is why the device object of the present invention has been conceived, consisting of a body composed of polyurethane and polyisocyanirate, which adopts the configuration of a natural tree, specifically intended for storing water to be planted in desert areas for purposes of the production of sufficient humidity. The mentioned tree presents the same characteristics of the natural tree only for the purposes of absorption, storage of water, and controlled evaporation. This tree fulfills the functions of the natural tree, but with the advantages that it does not require water for its food.

Durante la noche absorbe toda la humedad, roció, escarcha, durante el día se produce la evaporación controlada debido a su composición, de la estructura igual al árbol natural. El resultado es la formación de bosques artificiales en un principio, y cuando el ciclo de lluvias se produzca, se procederá al plantado de árboles naturales en la misma cantidad Y porcentaje, lográndose, en un plazo de aproximadamente diez años, la total repoblación de las zonas desérticas.During the night it absorbs all the humidity, dew, frost, during the day controlled evaporation occurs due to its composition, of the structure equal to the natural tree. The result is the formation of artificial forests in the beginning, and when the rain cycle occurs, natural trees will be planted in the same quantity and percentage, achieving, in a period of approximately ten years, the total repopulation of the plants. deserted zones.

En definitiva, la invención consigue provocar lluvias naturales en zonas desérticas por medio del árbol de poliuretano descrito, el cual reúne las características que a continuación se exponen, relativas a la resistencia química de las espumas de poliuretano:Ultimately, the invention manages to cause natural rains in desert areas by means of the polyurethane tree described, which has the following characteristics, relative to the chemical resistance of polyurethane foams:

Agua dulce....................................................................................excelenteSweet water................................................ ....................................Excellent

Agua salada..................................................................................excelente Salmuera...................................................................................... excelenteSaltwater................................................ .................................. excellent Brine .............. .................................................. ...................... Excellent

Acds. Minerales fuertes 10%........................................................buena Alacalis......................................................................................... buena Alcoholes...................................................................................... buenaAcds. Strong minerals 10% .............................................. .......... good Alacalis ...................................... .................................................. good Alcohols ............................................... ....................................... good

Cloruro de metileno...................................................................... regular HiIdrocarburos.............................................................................. buenaMethylene chloride ............................................... ....................... regular Hi-hydrocarbons ......................... .................................................. ... good

Tetracloruro de carbono............................................................... buena Percloroetileno..............................................................................buenaCarbon tetrachloride............................................... ................ good Perchlorethylene ................................ ..............................................good

A continuación para facilitar una mejor comprensión de esta memoria descriptiva y formando parte integrante de la misma se acompañan una serie de figuras en las que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado el objeto de la invención.In order to facilitate a better understanding of this specification and forming an integral part of it, a series of figures are attached below in which the object of the invention has been represented by way of illustration and not limitation.

Breve enunciado de las figurasBrief statement of the figures

La figura 1, reprenda una vista esquemática en alzado del cuerpo que adopta configuración de árbol.Figure 1 depicts a schematic elevation view of the body that adopts a tree configuration.

Las figuras 2 y 3, corresponden a sendos detalles del tronco y rama del árbol.Figures 2 and 3 correspond to respective details of the trunk and branch of the tree.

La figura 4, muestra un detalle de las raíces obtenidas para el equilibrado total del árbol.Figure 4 shows a detail of the roots obtained for the total balancing of the tree.

Haciendo referencia a las figuras, se aprecia en su realización un dispositivo constituido por un cuerpo de material moldeado sintético, que adopta la configuración de un árbol de tamaño natural, designado en general por figura -1-. En dicho cuerpo se distingue una zona de tronco figura -2- ; otra zona superior de copa o ramas figura -3-; y una zona subterránea de anclaje figura -4-, para el equilibrado vertical del árbol implantado. With reference to the figures, a device made up of a body made of synthetic molded material can be seen in its embodiment, which adopts the configuration of a life-size tree, generally designated by figure -1-. In said body a trunk area figure -2- is distinguished; another upper zone of crown or branches figure -3-; and an underground anchoring zone figure -4-, for the vertical balancing of the implanted tree.

El conjunto presenta una compasión a base de poliuretano de baja densidad, ignifugado según normas; polisocianarato altamente conductor y absorbente de la humedad; y espumas fenolicas en toda su amplia gama.The set presents a compaction based on low-density polyurethane, fireproof according to standards; highly conductive and moisture absorbent polyisocyanate; and phenolic foams in all its wide range.

El material que compone la estructura del tronco figura -2-.The material that makes up the structure of the trunk appears -2-.

Se encuentra dividido en tres zonas o secciones que se diferencian por sus densidades, las cuales corresponden a los siguientes valores, citados como ejemplo, y tomadas en orden ascendente: 6Kg/m3; 3,9 Kg/m3; 4,5 Kg/m3.It is divided into three zones or sections that differ by their densities, which correspond to the following values, cited as an example, and taken in ascending order: 6Kg / m3; 3.9 Kg / m3; 4.5 Kg / m3.

Asimismo, el material que constituye las ramas figura -3-, del árbol, se encuentra dividido en tres zonas diferenciales por su densidad, las cuales se corresponden a los siguientes valores, citados únicamente a título de ejemplo, sin carácter limitativo, tomadas en un orden que desde su nacimiento en el tronco hacia la punta o extremo libre: 3,5 Kg/m3; 2,9 Kg/m3; y 3.9 Kg/m3. La diferencia de densidades en la estructura del tronco y ramas, favorece el ascenso del agua a la parte elevada o copa del árbol y su evaporación de manera controlada, según la temperatura exterior o ambiente.Likewise, the material that constitutes the branches figure -3-, of the tree, is divided into three differential zones by their density, which correspond to the following values, cited only by way of example, without limitation, taken in a order that from its birth in the trunk towards the tip or free end: 3.5 Kg / m3; 2.9 Kg / m3; and 3.9 Kg / m3. The difference in densities in the structure of the trunk and branches, favors the rise of the water to the upper part or crown of the tree and its evaporation in a controlled way, depending on the outside or ambient temperature.

Las ramas figura -3-, presentan su parte inferior, -3a-, de color verde, mientras que su parte posterior -3b- es de color blanco.The branches figure -3-, have their lower part, -3a-, green, while their back part -3b- is white.

Las fijaciones subterráneas, a manera de raíces para conseguir el equilibrado del árbol, se obtienen in situ, por mediación de una guía molde figura -5-, a través de la cual se efectúa la inyección de poliuretano, tal como se representa figura 4.The underground fixings, as roots to achieve the balance of the tree, are obtained in situ, by means of a mold guide figure -5-, through which the polyurethane injection is carried out, as shown in figure 4.

La invención, dentro de su esencialidad, puede ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo en la descripción y a las cuales alcanzara igualmente la protección que se recaba. Podrá, pues, construirse en cualquier forma y tamaño, con los materiales y medios más adecuados, por quedar todo ello comprendido en el espíritu de las reivindicaciones. The invention, within its essentiality, can be put into practice in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example in the description and which also achieve the protection sought. It may, therefore, be built in any shape and size, with the most suitable materials and means, since all of this is included in the spirit of the claims.

Claims

1. Device that absorbs water from air humidity in desert areas. Characterized because:

Figure 1 depicts a schematic elevation view of the body that adopts a tree configuration.

Figures 2 and 3 correspond to respective details of the trunk and branch of the tree.

Figure 4 shows a detail of the lines obtained for the total balancing of the tree.

With reference to the figures, a device made up of a body of synthetic molded material can be seen in its embodiment, which adopts the configuration of a life-size tree, generally designated -1-. In said body, a trunk area -2- is distinguished; another upper zone of crown or branches -3-; and an underground anchoring zone -4-, for the vertical balancing of the implanted tree.

The set presents a compaction based on low-density polyurethane, fireproof according to standards; highly conductive and moisture absorbent polyisocyanate; and phenolic foams in all its wide range.

The material that makes up the structure of the trunk -2-.

It is divided into three zones or sections that differ by their densities, which correspond to the following values, cited as an example, and taken in ascending order: 6Kg / m3; 3.9 Kg / m3; 4.5 Kg / m3.

Likewise, the material that constitutes the branches -3-, of the tree, is divided into three differentiated zones by their density, which correspond to the following values, cited only by way of example, without limitation, taken in an order that from its birth in the trunk towards the tip or free end: 3.5 Kg / m3; 2.9 Kg / m3; and 3.9 Kg / m3. The difference in densities in the structure of the trunk and branches, favors the rise of the water to the upper part or crown of the tree and its evaporation in a controlled way, depending on the outside or ambient temperature.

The branches -3- have their lower part, -3a-, green, while their back -3b- is white.

The underground fixings, as roots to achieve the balance of the tree, are obtained in situ, by means of a mold guide -5-, through which the polyurethane injection is carried out, as shown in figure 4 .

2. Device that absorbs water from air humidity in desert areas, according to claim 1, characterized in that: a device constituted by a body of synthetic molded material, which adopts the configuration of a life-size tree, generally designated by - 1-. In said body, a trunk area -2- is distinguished; another upper zone of crown or branches -3-; and an underground anchoring zone -4-, for the vertical balancing of the implanted tree.

3. Device that absorbs water from the humidity of the air in desert areas , according to claim 1, characterized in that: it presents a compaction based on low-density polyurethane, fireproof according to highly conductive and moisture-absorbent polyisocyanate standards; and phenolic foams in all its wide range.

4. Device that absorbs water from air humidity in desert areas , according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material that makes up the structure of the trunk -2-. It is divided into three zones or sections that differ by their densities, which correspond to the following values, cited as an example, and taken in ascending order: 6Kg / m3; 3.9 Kg / m3; 4.5 Kg / m3.

Likewise, the material that constitutes the branches -3-, of the tree, is divided into three differentiated zones by their density, which correspond to the following values, cited only by way of example, without limitation, taken in an order that from its birth in the trunk towards the tip or free end: 3.5 Kg / m3; 2.9 Kg / m3; and 3.9 Kg / m3.

5. Device that absorbs water from air humidity in desert areas , according to claim 1, characterized in that: the difference in densities in the structure of the trunk and branches, produces the rise of the water to the upper part or crown of the tree and its evaporation in a controlled way, depending on the outside or ambient temperature.