ES2713967A1 - Device for the treatment of canvases (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Device for the treatment of canvases (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2713967A1 ES2713967A1 ES201900024A ES201900024A ES2713967A1 ES 2713967 A1 ES2713967 A1 ES 2713967A1 ES 201900024 A ES201900024 A ES 201900024A ES 201900024 A ES201900024 A ES 201900024A ES 2713967 A1 ES2713967 A1 ES 2713967A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G1/00—Mirrors; Picture frames or the like, e.g. provided with heating, lighting or ventilating means
- A47G1/06—Picture frames
- A47G1/0644—Picture frames using a tension wire for holding the members or corner pieces together
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G1/00—Mirrors; Picture frames or the like, e.g. provided with heating, lighting or ventilating means
- A47G1/06—Picture frames
- A47G1/10—Corner clips or corner-connecting appliances for frames
- A47G1/105—Staples or the like for connecting mitred wooden frame members
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G1/00—Mirrors; Picture frames or the like, e.g. provided with heating, lighting or ventilating means
- A47G1/06—Picture frames
- A47G2001/0672—Picture frames employing magnets
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Dispositivo para el tratamiento de lienzos.Device for the treatment of canvases.
Sector de la tecnicaSector of the technique
La presente invention se encuadra en el sector de los tratamientos de lienzos. De manera mas especlfica, la invencion se refiere a una herramienta auxiliaren actuaciones enfocadas al soporte de tela pintada y, especialmente, a la conservacion-restauracion de pintura de caballete sobre lienzo.The present invention fits into the field of linen treatments. More specifically, the invention relates to an auxiliary tool for performances focused on the support of painted fabric and, especially, to the conservation-restoration of easel painting on canvas.
Antecedentes de la invencionBackground of the invention
El lienzo ha sido el soporte pictorico mas usado por los artistas a lo largo de la historia. Aparece frecuentemente recomendado en los tratados del arte cuando se precisaba ligereza y flexibilidad, al posibilitar el enrollado de la pintura para su transporte, ademas de por razones economicas.The canvas has been the pictorial support most used by artists throughout history. It appears frequently recommended in art treatises when lightness and flexibility were required, as it allows the paint to be rolled up for transport, in addition to economic reasons.
Desde el mismo momento en el que el pintor concluye su obra, la tela pintada y el bastidor que la soporta se ven sometidos a tensiones mecanicas como respuesta a las fluctuaciones en los parametros de humedad relativa (HR) y temperatura del ambiente expositivo. Los textiles son materiales higroscopicos susceptibles de sufrir un proceso de envejecimiento con la consecuente perdida de firmeza y elasticidad. Las fluctuaciones de HR provocan el hinchamiento y la contraction de las fibras que se ven afectadas, sobre todo, en su modulo de elasticidad longitudinal. Cuando la HR aumenta, los travesanos de la madera se hinchan, a la vez que las fibras del soporte textil se contraen. Estas reacciones repetidas en el tiempo pueden provocar una concentration de estres mecanico que terminara dando como resultado una fatiga en la tela, se generaran cambios dimensionales y el tejido experimental un alargamiento o estrechamiento de las fibras que lo componen con la aparicion de deformaciones, roturas en los hilos y, si no se toman medidas adecuadas de conservacion, con una repercusion directa sobre los estratos pictoricos.From the moment in which the painter concludes his work, the painted fabric and the frame that supports it are subjected to mechanical stresses in response to fluctuations in the parameters of relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the exhibition environment. Textiles are hygroscopic materials susceptible to undergo an aging process with the consequent loss of firmness and elasticity. The fluctuations of RH cause the swelling and the contraction of the fibers that are affected, especially in their modulus of longitudinal elasticity. When the RH increases, the wooden crossbars swell, while the fibers of the textile support contract. These reactions repeated over time can cause a concentration of mechanical stress that will end up resulting in fatigue in the fabric, dimensional changes will be generated and the experimental tissue a lengthening or narrowing of the fibers that compose it with the appearance of deformations, breaks in the threads and, if proper conservation measures are not taken, with a direct impact on the pictorial strata.
Como se ha indicado, la fatiga del soporte textil ocasionara la aparicion de deformaciones, la formation de abolsados y de pliegues que suelen ser mas pronunciados en las zonas del cuadro que coinciden con la ubicacion de las cunas en los travesanos del bastidor. Es frecuente que, ante un cuadro con la tela destensada, el restaurador opte por introducir las cunas de madera mediante presion para encajarlas mas en sus cajas respectivas de modo que con ello se consiga, al expandir el bastidor, tensar de nuevo la tela sin necesidad de desmontarla. Es preciso senalar que con la expansion de los angulos, la tension llega muy lentamente al area central de la obra y se concentra principalmente en las esquinas. En algunos casos, este hecho puede provocar la formacion de micro-fisuras, grietas y posibles desgarros de las fibras.As indicated, the fatigue of the textile support will cause the appearance of deformations, the formation of sacks and folds that tend to be more pronounced in the zones of the frame that coincide with the location of the cradles in the frame's crosspieces. It is common that, before a table with the slack fabric, the restorer chooses to introduce the wooden cradles by means of pressure to fit them more in their respective boxes so that with this it is achieved, when expanding the frame, to re-tension the fabric without need to disassemble it. It should be noted that with the expansion of the angles, the tension reaches the central area of the work very slowly and is concentrated mainly in the corners. In some cases, this can cause the formation of micro-fissures, cracks and possible tears of the fibers.
Muchos de los problemas de conservation que se observan en la pintura de caballete sobre lienzo estan causados por la inestabilidad estructural de su soporte. La aplicacion de medios tecnologicos en el campo de la conservacion-restauracion de bienes culturales ha propiciado el desarrollo de instrumental de apoyo, -como las Mesas de Baja Presion, las Mini-Mesas de suction, las camaras de humectacion, etc.-, que permiten corregir las deformaciones y las alteraciones estructurales puntuales de la tela pintada. El alto coste de estos dispositivos conlleva que no puedan estar al alcance de la mayorla de los restauradores. Debido a ello es bastante frecuente que estos ultimos opten por el uso de medios menos sofisticados como la aplicacion directa de vapor, la humectacion con laminas, la colocacion de pesos, entre otros sistemas. Many of the conservation problems observed in easel painting on canvas are caused by the structural instability of its support. The application of technological means in the field of the preservation-restoration of cultural goods has favored the development of support instruments, such as the Low Pressure Tables, the Mini-Tables of suction, the humidifying chambers, etc. they allow to correct the deformations and the punctual structural alterations of the painted fabric. The high cost of these devices means that they can not be available to most restorers. Due to this it is quite frequent that the latter opt for the use of less sophisticated means such as the direct application of steam, wetting with sheets, the placement of weights, among other systems.
Una alternativa economica al alcance de cualquier restaurador es el empleo de bandas perimetrales de papel Kraft. Consiste en cuatro bandas de papel perimetrales, con una anchura cada una de unos 20-25 cm, que se humedecen y montan sobre el orillo de la pintura 1 cm, reforzando en esa zona con una aportacion minima de un adhesivo vinllico espesado con metilcelulosa. El conjunto queda sujeto a un tablero por medio de cuatro tiras de papel engomado y se deja secar durante 24 horas. La tension que generan las bandas al secar puede ser suficiente para corregir las deformaciones del lienzo.An economical alternative within the reach of any restorer is the use of perimeter bands of Kraft paper. It consists of four perimeter paper strips, each about 20-25 cm wide, which are moistened and mounted on the selvedge of the painting 1 cm, reinforcing in that area with a minimum contribution of a vinyl adhesive thickened with methylcellulose. The whole is fastened to a board by means of four strips of gummed paper and left to dry for 24 hours. The tension generated by the bands when drying can be enough to correct the deformations of the canvas.
Otra opcion serla recurrir a un bastidor auxiliar elastico. El bastidor de madera dispone de numerosas tiras de tela sintetica grapadas al mismo, que van distribuidas a una determinada distancia entre si y colocadas a lo largo de todo su perlmetro. La obra, sobre la que previamente se habran adherido nuevas bandas de tension, se sujeta con dos piezas de madera unidas por palomillas metalicas que presionan y sujetan el lienzo pintado (Serino, C. y Serino, M. (2002). "Un nuovo telaio elastico per i dipinti su tela”. Kermes 45, (45-48).Another option would be to use an elastic stretcher. The wooden frame has numerous strips of synthetic fabric stapled to it, which are distributed at a certain distance from each other and placed along its entire perimeter. The work, on which previously new bands of tension have been adhered, is fastened with two pieces of wood joined by metal moths that press and hold the painted canvas (Serino, C. and Serino, M. (2002). "Un nuovo telaio elastico per i dipinti its fabric. " Kermes 45, (45-48).
Siguiendo en esta llnea, otro diseno desarrollado para un tratamiento localizado de correction de deformaciones consiste en un bastidor fijo que sostiene una malla de nylon que servira de elemento de apoyo al conjunto del lienzo pintado. En la parte superior del bastidor se disponen una serie de clavos que no se introducen del todo en la madera. En el perlmetro de la obra se adhieren perpendicularmente bandas de tela sintetica. Alineados, se prenden sobre ese borde una serie de alfileres que, a su vez, disponen cada uno de ellos de una goma elastica con la que se enganchara a su clavo o tornillo correspondiente. En el momento de aportar humedad es posible dosificar la intensidad de la tension de cada una de las gomas elasticas de modo que podemos actuar directamente en la zona que mas lo requiera (Orata, L. (2010). "Tagli e strappi nei dipinti su tela: Metodologie di intervento.” Firenze: Nardini. ISBN 9788840441795).Following this line, another design developed for a localized treatment of deformation correction consists of a fixed frame that holds a nylon mesh that will serve as a support element for the whole painted canvas. In the upper part of the frame there are a series of nails that are not fully inserted into the wood. Synthetic cloth bands adhere perpendicularly to the perimeter of the work. Aligned, a series of pins are attached to that edge, which, in turn, each have an elastic band with which it will be hooked to its corresponding nail or screw. At the time of adding humidity it is possible to dose the intensity of the tension of each of the elastic bands so that we can act directly in the area that most requires it (Orata, L. (2010). "Tagli e strappi nei dipinti su fabric: Metodologie di intervento. "Firenze: Nardini, ISBN 9788840441795).
De manera tradicional los bastidores suelen fabricarse de madera y estan formados por cuatro listones, cuyas esquinas estan habitualmente ensambladas mediante uniones como ingletes a media madera, cola de milano, y similares. Estos ensamblajes disponen de un sistema de tension con cunas. En la ultima decada del siglo XX y en la actualidad se han ido desarrollando numerosos disenos con tensores y cunas metalicas incorporados al bastidor de madera u otro material, con el objetivo de conseguir un reparto mas homogeneo y constante de las tensiones mecanicas, ademas de lograr disponer de un mecanismo para la regulation de las mismas sin necesidad de proceder a desmontar la tela.Traditionally the frames are usually made of wood and are formed by four slats, whose corners are usually assembled by means of joints such as half-wood miter, dovetail, and the like. These assemblies have a tension system with cradles. In the last decade of the twentieth century and today have been developing numerous designs with tensors and metal cradles incorporated into the frame of wood or other material, with the aim of achieving a more homogenous and constant distribution of mechanical stresses, in addition to achieving have a mechanism for the regulation of the same without the need to disassemble the fabric.
La necesidad de cuantificar las fuerzas de tension que ocasionan danos en el soporte de tela ha llevado a grandes aportaciones como son los disenos de bastidores realizados por Rigamonti, en 1967, quien incorporo el aluminio y un dispositivo de tension compuesto por una varilla roscada que permitla las aperturas de las esquinas sin generar vibraciones. Segun Fabeiro, M. y colaboradores (Fabeiro, M. L., Hamada, S., Illan, A., Romero, R. (2005). Revision crltica de los diversos tipos de tension continua aplicados a obras sobre lienzo. Caso practico realizado en dos obras de Pablo Legot, en II Congreso de GEIIC. Investigation en Conservation y Restauracion, Barcelona, Actas en CD, Universidad de Barcelona), este sistema funciona basicamente como una cuna de madera ya que la tension que aporta no es continua; estos investigadores incluyeron tambien un muelle en el vastago y dos arandelas en los extremos para facilitar la variation de la tension.The need to quantify the tensile forces that cause damage to the fabric support has led to great contributions such as the designs of frames made by Rigamonti in 1967, who incorporated the aluminum and a tension device consisting of a threaded rod that allows the corner openings without generating vibrations. According to Fabeiro, M. and collaborators (Fabeiro, ML, Hamada, S., Illan, A., Romero, R. (2005) .Critical revision of the different types of continuous tension applied to works on canvas. works of Pablo Legot, in II Congress of GEIIC, Investigation in Conservation and Restoration, Barcelona, Acts in CD, University of Barcelona), this system works basically like a wooden cradle since the tension that contributes is not continuous; these investigators also included a spring in the rod and two washers in the ends to facilitate the variation of the tension.
Los nuevos bastidores de tension continua se han ido desarrollando mediante la colaboracion de equipos interdisciplinares y responden a la necesidad de adaptar diferentes mecanismos de tension a los travesanos de madera originales, con el objetivo de dotar al conjunto del cuadro de una mayor estabilidad. En este aspecto, cabe destacar el trabajo sobre los grandes lienzos de la Galena Dorada del Paular Ducal de Gandla (Girones, I.S., laccarino, I A, Serino, C. (2010) Reflexiones sobre los problemas, las soluciones y los resultados de la manipulation de los grandes lienzos de la Galena Dorada del Paular Ducal de Gandla. Arche Instituto universitario de restauracion del patrimonio de la UPV, 4 y 5 (209-210)), donde los autores han disenado y puesto en practica un sistema de tension mediante muelles que permite a la tela estar flotando sobre el bastidor original y con una tension constante. En esta misma llnea destaca tambien el prototipo TWP Stretcher con el que, tras cinco disenos y varias modificaciones, se logro un soporte que refuerza la estructura y proporciona una tension regulada. En este ultimo caso, el bastidor esta dotado de un sistema de ralles que se coloca en los cantos interiores del bastidor, y dispone de tornillos de mariposa que, en vez de estar colocados en las esquinas, van instalados en los cantos interiores de los listones (Tsang, J., Madruga, I. C. C., Williams, D. Pelasara, R., Patterson, R. (2013). "Modernized Stretcher for Paintings on Canvas: Assessment and Observation.” AIC Paintings Specialty Group Postprints, 26, (92-94). ISSN: 2372-1634).The new continuous tension frames have been developed through the collaboration of interdisciplinary teams and respond to the need to adapt different stress mechanisms to the original wood crossbars, with the aim of providing the frame with greater stability. In this aspect, it is worth highlighting the work on the great canvases of the Galena Dorada of the Ducal Paular of Gandla (Girones, IS, laccarino, IA, Serino, C. (2010) Reflections on the problems, the solutions and the results of the manipulation of the great canvases of the Galena Dorada of the Paular Ducal de Gandla. university of restoration of heritage of the UPV, 4 and 5 (209-210)), where the authors have designed and put into practice a tension system by springs that allows the fabric to be floating on the original frame and with a constant tension . In this same line also highlights the prototype TWP Stretcher with which, after five designs and several modifications, a support was achieved that reinforces the structure and provides a regulated tension. In the latter case, the frame is equipped with a system of rails that is placed on the inner edges of the frame, and has butterfly screws that, instead of being placed in the corners, are installed on the inside edges of the slats (Tsang, J., Madruga, ICC, Williams, D. Pelasara, R., Patterson, R. (2013). "Modernized Stretcher for Paintings on Canvas: Assessment and Observation." AIC Paintings Specialty Group Postprints, 26, (92 -94). ISSN: 2372-1634).
Otros bastidores para tratamientos de conservacion-restauracion estas descritos en las siguientes patentes:Other racks for preservation-restoration treatments are described in the following patents:
• US4549596A. "Device for tensioning material on frames”. Marco para tensar los lienzos, con un sistema de tension disponible en las esquinas, compuesto de diferentes angulos que, mediante un tornillo, ejerce presion de manera que las piezas que forman las esquinas se abren, provocando asl la tension del lienzo.• US4549596A. "Device for tensioning material on frames." Frame to stretch the canvases, with a tension system available in the corners, composed of different angles that, by means of a screw, exerts pressure so that the pieces that form the corners open, causing asl the tension of the canvas.
• US3924343A. "Expansible device for stretching material and method”. Bastidor que incluye un sistema de tension mediante diferentes pernos colocados en cada esquina e instalados en un orificio realizado en los dos listones que cierran la esquina del bastidor con un angulo de 45°, y cuatro piezas en triangulo que cubren cada una de las esquinas del bastidor. La rotacion de los pernos permite la expansion de los mismos y, por tanto, la apertura del bastidor, generando tension en el material fijado al bastidor. Las piezas en triangulo dotan al bastidor de mas fuerza y estabilidad en cuanto al grado de expansion y/o retraccion de los elementos que lo conforman.• US3924343A. "Expandable device for stretching material and method." Frame that includes a tension system by means of different bolts placed in each corner and installed in a hole made in the two slats that close the corner of the frame with an angle of 45 °, and four pieces In the triangle that cover each of the corners of the frame, the rotation of the bolts allows the expansion of the same and, therefore, the opening of the frame, generating tension in the material fixed to the frame. more strength and stability in terms of the degree of expansion and / or retraction of the elements that comprise it.
• US4432150A. "Stretcher frame for an artist's canvas”. Bastidor de tension compuesto por una pluralidad de elementos individuales, con una conexion de puente deslizante entre los elementos adyacentes del marco, colocados en cada esquina y disenados especlficamente para permitir ampliar las dimensiones del bastidor y estirar el lienzo.• US4432150A. "Stretcher frame for an artist's canvas." A tension frame composed of a plurality of individual elements, with a sliding bridge connection between the adjacent elements of the frame, placed in each corner and designed specifically to allow to expand the dimensions of the frame and stretch the frame. canvas.
• US5839214A. "Corner adjustment assembly for an adjustable frame”. Bastidor movil compuesto por tensores en cada esquina, proporcionando estabilidad en las mismas y una tension regulada del lienzo mediante movimientos ligeros, generados por los sistemas de tension que actuan expandiendose o reduciendose.• US5839214A. "Corner adjustment assembly for an adjustable frame." Movable frame composed of tensioners in each corner, providing stability in them and a regulated tension of the canvas by light movements, generated by the tension systems that act expanding or reducing.
Sin embargo, aun son necesarios dispositivos que ofrezcan al conservador-restaurador soluciones mlnimamente invasivas durante los tratamientos que realiza en los soportes de tela pintados, cuando es necesario proceder a su desmontaje del bastidor original.However, devices are still necessary that offer the conservator-restorer minimally invasive solutions during the treatments carried out on the painted canvas supports, when it is necessary to proceed to disassembly of the original frame.
Explicacion de la invencionExplanation of the invention
Dispositivo para el tratamiento de lienzosDevice for the treatment of canvases
Un aspecto de la presente invencion se refiere a un dispositivo para el tratamiento de lienzos, que hace referencia a un soporte especializado para intervenciones de conservacionrestauracion de obra pictorica sobre lienzo cuya principal aportacion sobre otros bastidores existentes consiste en que el dispositivo de la invencion permite efectuar de forma mas rapida, sencilla y segura dos tipos de actuaciones de conservacion-restauracion frecuentemente necesarias en obra pictorica sobre lienzo: la correction de deformaciones y la sujecion temporal de la obra durante los tratamientos; es importante resaltar que dicho dispositivo puede utilizarse tambien para tratamientos sobre lienzo distintos a la conservacion-restauracion.One aspect of the present invention relates to a device for the treatment of canvases, which refers to a specialized support for interventions for the preservation of pictorial work on canvas whose main contribution to other existing frames consists in that the device of the invention allows in a faster, simpler and safer way two types of preservation-restoration actions frequently necessary in pictorial work on canvas: the correction of deformations and the fastening temporary of the work during the treatments; It is important to note that this device can also be used for treatments on canvas other than preservation-restoration.
El dispositivo para la conservacion-restauracion de pintura sobre lienzo y para el tratamiento de lienzos incluye:The device for the preservation-restoration of painting on canvas and for the treatment of canvases includes:
- un bastidor del tipo de los formados por cuatro listones terminados en cada extremo con un corte de 45°;- a frame of the type consisting of four slats terminated at each end with a 45 ° cut;
- un conjunto de elementos de tension del lienzo a tratar que incluye los siguientes elementos regulables individualmente en cada esquina del bastidor:- a set of tension elements of the canvas to be treated that includes the following individually adjustable elements in each corner of the frame:
- una espiga metalica insertada en el espesor de los dos listones que conforman cada esquina del bastidor;- a metal pin inserted in the thickness of the two slats that make up each corner of the frame;
- una varilla con rosca, o roscada, insertada en el espesor de los dos listones que conforman cada esquina del bastidor;- a rod with thread, or threaded, inserted in the thickness of the two strips that make up each corner of the frame;
- dos tuercas enroscadas en la varilla con rosca;- two threaded nuts on the threaded rod;
- dos arandelas insertadas en la varilla con rosca;- two washers inserted in the threaded rod;
- dos cilindros para la introduccion de cada uno de los extremos de la varilla con rosca en cada uno de los dos listones del bastidor que conforman cada esquina del mismo; - al menos un cilindro para la introduccion de, al menos, uno de los extremos de la espiga metalica en uno de los dos listones del bastidor que conforman cada esquina del mismo;- two cylinders for the introduction of each of the ends of the rod with thread in each of the two strips of the frame that make up each corner thereof; - at least one cylinder for the introduction of at least one of the ends of the metal pin in one of the two strips of the frame that make up each corner thereof;
- un sistema magnetico para lograr una tension regulada y uniforme en toda la superficie del lienzo a tratar, que comprende:- a magnetic system to achieve a regulated and uniform tension on the entire surface of the canvas to be treated, comprising:
- orificios en el canto externo de cada uno de los listones que conforman el bastidor, con dimensiones adecuadas para alojaren ellos imanes;- holes in the outer edge of each of the slats that make up the frame, with adequate dimensions to accommodate them magnets;
- un conjunto de imanes insertados en los orificios del canto externo de los listones de manera que quedan enrasados con la superficie de dicho canto;- a set of magnets inserted in the holes of the outer edge of the slats so that they are flush with the surface of said edge;
- un segundo conjunto de imanes;- a second set of magnets;
- un surco longitudinal en el canto interno de cada uno de los listones del bastidor en el que se inserta una canaleta metalica;- a longitudinal groove in the inner edge of each of the strips of the frame in which a metal channel is inserted;
- una plancha metalica que se aloja en las canaletas metalicas de los surcos longitudinales de los cantos internos de los listones del bastidor, en la que se han practicado orificios formando una trama uniforme.- a metal plate that is housed in the metal gutters of the longitudinal grooves of the internal edges of the frames of the frame, in which holes have been made forming a uniform weft.
Opcionalmente, en cada uno de los cilindros que se colocan para la introduccion de cada uno de los extremos de la varilla con rosca, se puede introducir un muelle que contribuye a facilitar el destensado del bastidor con mayor precision y menos fuerza.Optionally, in each of the cylinders that are placed for the introduction of each of the ends of the threaded rod, a spring can be introduced that contributes to facilitate the slackening of the frame with greater precision and less force.
La espiga metalica, asl como la varilla con rosca, las arandelas, las tuercas y los muelles, se fabrican preferentemente en acero inoxidable. Por otro lado, la plancha metalica, que denominaremos a lo largo de esta memoria como plancha metalica perforada, puede ser de acero inoxidable o bien, para aligerar el dispositivo, de metales mas ligeros, como el aluminio. The metal pin, as well as the threaded rod, the washers, the nuts and the springs, are preferably manufactured in stainless steel. On the other hand, the metal plate, which we will name throughout this report as a perforated metal plate, it can be made of stainless steel or, to lighten the device, of lighter metals, such as aluminum.
Los imanes pueden ser de cualquier tipo: ceramicos o ferritas, de alnico, de tierras raras, como pueden ser el neodimio o el samario cobalto o, incluso, pueden utilizarse combinaciones de imanes de distintos tipos. Preferentemente, se seleccionan de neodimio. Para fijarlos en los orificios practicados en los cantos externos de los listones del bastidor, se utiliza, preferentemente, una resina epoxi. Los imanes fijados en los cantos externos de los listones se colocan enrasados con la superficie de los cantos externos de los listones de manera que dicha superficie queda plana y lisa. La distancia entre un iman y el siguiente puede ser de entre 5 cm y 7 cm, de manera que el lienzo se pueda tensar uniforme y homogeneamente al instalarlo en el dispositivo.The magnets can be of any type: ceramics or ferrites, alnico, rare earth, such as neodymium or cobalt samarium or, even, combinations of magnets of different types can be used. Preferably, they are selected from neodymium. To fix them in the holes made in the external edges of the frame strips, an epoxy resin is preferably used. The magnets fixed on the external edges of the slats are placed flush with the surface of the external edges of the slats so that said surface is flat and smooth. The distance between one magnet and the next can be between 5 cm and 7 cm, so that the canvas can be stretched uniformly and evenly when installed in the device.
El sistema magnetico no solo incluye los imanes que se fijan en los cantos externos de los listones, tambien incluye otro segundo conjunto de imanes que se dejan libres, sin fijar de manera definitiva a ningun otro elemento del dispositivo, y que se utilizan para inmovilizar y tensionar el lienzo sometido a tratamiento.The magnetic system not only includes the magnets that are fixed on the external edges of the slats, it also includes another second set of magnets that are left free, without fixing definitively to any other element of the device, and which are used to immobilize and Stress the canvas under treatment.
El dispositivo tambien puede incluir otros elementos para facilitar las tareas durante las distintas fases del proceso, como son: bandas de tela sintetica para sujetar la obra pictorica a tratar; elementos para proteger la obra pictorica como papel Tyvek® o cintas de neopreno. The device can also include other elements to facilitate the tasks during the different phases of the process, such as: synthetic cloth bands to hold the pictorial work to be treated; elements to protect pictorial work such as Tyvek® paper or neoprene tapes.
Para fabricar los listones del bastidor se seleccionan preferentemente materiales de baja densidad, para evitar que el peso dificulte su uso. Asl, se pueden utilizar maderas de las conocidas como blandas, con una densidad aparente comprendida entre 0,350 y 0,550 g/cm2, o bien metales ligeros, como el aluminio y sus aleaciones, o bien materiales plasticos rlgidos, como el politetrafluoretileno PTFE, el fluoruro de polivinilideno PVDF y el cloruro de polivinilo PVC rlgido, o combinaciones de estos materiales.In order to manufacture the slats of the frame, low density materials are preferably selected, in order to prevent the weight from hampering its use. Thus, softwoods with a bulk density between 0.350 and 0.550 g / cm2 can be used, either light metals, such as aluminum and its alloys, or rigid plastic materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, fluoride of polyvinylidene PVDF and the polyvinyl chloride PVC, or combinations of these materials.
Por otro lado, para modificar facilmente las dimensiones del dispositivo, existe la posibilidad de fabricar los listones del bastidor en varios fragmentos, con un sistema especlfico de union por espigas, de tal manera que se puedan ensamblar mas piezas auxiliares a dichos listones, aumentando sus dimensiones segun las necesidades, para adaptarlas al tamano del lienzo a tratar. En este caso, el dispositivo podrla incluir varias placas metalicas perforadas para poder elegir la adecuada para cada diferente tamano final del dispositivo. De esta manera, se posibilitan diferentes formatos pudiendo elegir el mas idoneo para cada caso concreto de estudio.On the other hand, in order to easily modify the dimensions of the device, it is possible to manufacture the slats of the frame in several fragments, with a specific system of union by spikes, in such a way that more auxiliary parts can be assembled to said slats, increasing their dimensions according to the needs, to adapt them to the size of the canvas to be treated. In this case, the device could include several perforated metal plates to be able to choose the appropriate one for each different final size of the device. In this way, different formats are possible, being able to choose the most suitable for each specific case of study.
El dispositivo tiene varias aplicaciones dentro de la conservation y la restauracion de obras pictoricas sobre lienzo. Una posible aplicacion se refiere a tensar un lienzo deformado desmontado de su bastidor original. En este caso, puede ser util hacer uso de cuatro bandas de tela sintetica solapadas ademas de los imanes incluidos en el dispositivo de la invention; las bandas de tela se pueden sujetar, por un lado, en el canto exterior de los listones del bastidor, donde los imanes insertados en el canto exterior actuan como una pinza junto con imanes libres que se colocan sobre la pieza de tela, y por otro lado en el orillo o los bordes del cuadro haciendo una pinza con imanes libres colocados sobre la banda de tela y bajo la plancha metalica perforada. La aplicacion de una minima humedad y la tension ejercida por los elementos tensores localizados en las esquinas del bastidor, compuestos por espigas y varillas con rosca con tuercas y arandelas y, en su caso, muelles, logra un resultado satisfactorio.The device has several applications within the conservation and restoration of pictorial works on canvas. A possible application refers to tensioning a deformed canvas disassembled from its original frame. In this case, it may be useful to make use of four overlapped synthetic fabric bands in addition to the magnets included in the device of the invention; the cloth strips can be fastened, on the one hand, to the outer edge of the frame strips, where the magnets inserted in the outer edge act as a clamp together with free magnets that are placed on the piece of cloth, and on the other hand side on the selvedge or the edges of the picture making a clip with free magnets placed on the fabric band and under the perforated metal plate. The application of a minimum humidity and the tension exerted by the tensile elements located in the corners of the frame, consisting of spikes and rods with thread with nuts and washers and, where appropriate, springs, achieves a satisfactory result.
Una segunda utilidad que presta este dispositivo es la sujecion perimetral y temporal de un soporte textil pintado reduciendo el riesgo de deterioro por constantes manipulaciones durante las fases de restauracion, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a mantener fijo dicho soporte para realizar las distintas intervenciones. Dicha operation se logra gracias a la incorporation de la plancha metalica perforada, preferentemente de aluminio, que presenta agujeros en toda la superficie de manera homogenea. Dicha plancha metalica perforada actua como una cama amortiguadora debido a la flexibilidad que presenta y contribuye a expandir la tension puntual ejercida en un punto determinado sobre la tela hacia un area mayor, evitando posibles danos adicionales durante el tratamiento. De esta manera, se coloca el lienzo pintado y se tensa mediante parejas de imanes colocados uno sobre la superficie pictorica y otro por el lado opuesto de la plancha metalica perforada. La tension minima necesaria para mantener el lienzo estable evita la aparicion de posibles deformaciones que pudiera experimentar el soporte textil de la obra como respuesta a fluctuaciones climaticas u otras fuentes de deterioro.A second utility provided by this device is the perimetral and temporary fastening of a painted textile support reducing the risk of deterioration by constant manipulations during the restoration phases, contributing at the same time to maintain fixed that support to perform the different interventions. This operation is achieved thanks to the incorporation of the perforated metal plate, preferably made of aluminum, which has holes in the whole surface in a homogeneous way. Said perforated metal sheet acts as a cushion bed due to the flexibility that it presents and contributes to expand the point tension exerted in a determined point on the fabric towards a greater area, avoiding possible additional damages during the treatment. In this way, the painted canvas is placed and tensed by pairs of magnets placed one on the pictorial surface and another on the opposite side of the perforated metal plate. The minimum tension necessary to keep the canvas stable prevents the appearance of possible deformations that the textile support of the work could experience in response to climatic fluctuations or other sources of deterioration.
El dispositivo permite un montaje muy facil, rapido y sin necesidad de herramientas. Dispone de un conjunto de elementos de tension del lienzo mediante elementos sencillos regulables individualmente en cada esquina del bastidor, y de un sistema magnetico que permite lograr una tension uniforme y regulada en toda la superficie de la obra que se sometera a la intervention. Ademas, permite adaptar otros elementos o dispositivos para facilitar las tareas durante las diferentes fases del procesoThe device allows a very easy assembly, fast and without the need for tools. It has a set of tension elements of the canvas by means of simple elements individually adjustable in each corner of the frame, and of a magnetic system that allows to achieve a uniform and regulated tension in all the surface of the work that will undergo the intervention. In addition, it allows adapting other elements or devices to facilitate tasks during the different phases of the process
El invento descrito posee diferentes ventajas respecto a los metodos previamente expuestos en el estado de la tecnica para la correction de deformaciones de obras pictoricas sobre lienzo. Por un lado, el dispositivo de la invention resulta una alternativa mucho mas economica en comparacion con dispositivos mas sofisticados como las Mesas de Baja Presion que, pese a ofrecer excelentes resultados, son muy costosas y resultan inalcanzables para muchos restauradores. Por otra parte, el nuevo dispositivo hace en muchos casos innecesaria la incorporacion de otros materiales a la obra, a diferencia de otros metodos economicos, como la correccion de deformaciones con bandas de papel Kraft, y es un sistema mucho mas comodo y sencillo que estos. El dispositivo es muy facil y rapido de instalar, es comodo de manipular, es mas barato y ligero que otras posibles opciones, pero lo mas importante atendiendo al criterio de la minima intervencion, es que este proceso de intervencion es re-tratable, es decir, permite que se pueda volver a realizar un proceso de restauracion en la obra ya intervenida.The described invention has different advantages compared to the methods previously exposed in the state of the art for the correction of deformations of pictorial works on canvas. On the one hand, the device of the invention is a much cheaper alternative compared to more sophisticated devices such as low pressure tables that, despite offering excellent results, are very expensive and are unattainable for many restorers. On the other hand, the new device makes in many cases unnecessary the incorporation of other materials to the work, unlike other economic methods, such as the correction of deformations with Kraft paper bands, and is a much more comfortable and simple than these . The device is very easy and fast to install, it is comfortable to manipulate, it is cheaper and lighter than other possible options, but the most important thing, taking into account the minimum intervention criteria, is that this process of intervention is re-treatable, that is to say , allows a restoration process to be carried out again in the work already intervened.
En lo referente a la sujecion temporal del soporte pictorico durante las operaciones de intervencion sobre la obra, mediante este dispositivo evitaremos grapar o clavetear el orillo perimetral de la tela original y con ello reduciremos los posibles riesgos durante la manipulation del cuadro.With regard to the temporary fixation of the pictorial support during the operations of intervention on the work, by means of this device we will avoid stapling or spiking the perimeter edge of the original fabric and with it we will reduce the possible risks during the manipulation of the painting.
Ademas, hay que destacar que la tension que se consigue ejercer sobre el lienzo con un numero suficiente de imanes es homogenea y uniforme.In addition, it should be noted that the tension that is achieved on the canvas with a sufficient number of magnets is homogeneous and uniform.
Breve description de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
Con el fin de comprender el invento y sus diferentes aplicaciones en el campo de la conservation y restauracion de pintura sobre lienzo, se incorporan las siguientes ilustraciones: In order to understand the invention and its different applications in the field of conservation and restoration of painting on canvas, the following illustrations are incorporated:
Figuras 1 y 2. Ejemplos del conjunto de elementos de tension mostrando una espiga (1), una varilla de rosca (2) con dos tuercas (3), cada una de ellas con una arandela (13). Se aprecian, tambien, las canaletas metalicas (4) de los listones (10) del bastidor y varios imanes ((5) en la figura 1 y (51) en la figura 2) insertados en los cantos externos de los listones (10) del bastidor. Figures 1 and 2. Examples of the set of tension elements showing a pin (1), a threaded rod (2) with two nuts (3), each with a washer (13). The metallic channels (4) of the strips (10) of the frame and several magnets ((5) in figure 1 and (51) in figure 2) inserted in the external edges of the strips (10) are also appreciated. of the frame.
Figura 3. Ejemplo de la colocation de la plancha metalica perforada (6).Figure 3. Example of the colocation of the perforated metal plate (6).
Figura 4. Ejemplo de la colocacion final en el bastidor de la plancha metalica perforada (6), que queda encajada en la canaleta metalica (4), entre los listones (10). Se muestran tambien imanes S-12-03-N (51) embebidos en los cantos externos de los listones (10), las espigas (1) y las varillas con rosca (2). Figure 4. Example of the final placement in the frame of the perforated metal sheet (6), which is embedded in the metal channel (4), between the strips (10). Also shown are magnets S-12-03-N (51) embedded in the external edges of the strips (10), the spikes (1) and the threaded rods (2).
Figura 5. Ejemplo de instalacion para realizar una correction de deformaciones.Figure 5. Example of installation to perform a deformation correction.
Figuras 6 y 7. Ejemplo del proceso de correccion de deformaciones.Figures 6 and 7. Example of deformation correction process.
Figura 8. Representation de un desgarro (73) en una obra (7).Figure 8. Representation of a tear (73) in a work (7).
Figura 9. Ejemplo de la colocation de protection en una zona danada de una obra (7), que muestra la formation de un desgarro (73) de las fibras del tejido en el soporte (71). Se muestran imanes Q-20-10-02-N (52), protegidos con un papel Tyvek® (12) y una cinta de neopreno (9).Figure 9. Example of the protection colocation in a damaged area of a work (7), showing the formation of a tear (73) of the fibers of the tissue in the support (71). Magnets Q-20-10-02-N (52) are shown, protected with a Tyvek® paper (12) and a neoprene tape (9).
Figura 10. Ejemplo del sistema magnetico montado para la sujecion temporal de una obra (7). Figura 11. Ejemplo de la sujecion temporal y perimetral de una obra (7) mediante multiples imanes S-15-03-R (53) colocados tanto por el anverso como por el reveso de la obra (7), actuando a modo de pinza sobre y bajo la plancha metalica perforada (6).Figure 10. Example of the assembled magnetic system for the temporary fixation of a work (7). Figure 11. Example of the temporary and perimetral fastening of a work (7) by means of multiple magnets S-15-03-R (53) placed both on the front and on the back of the work (7), acting as a clamp above and below the perforated metal plate (6).
Figura 12. Ejemplo de colocacion de telas (14) en el dispositivo de la invention, para someterlas a tratamiento mediante los imanes S-12-03-N (51). Figura 12a: vista del reverso. Figura 12b: vista del anverso.Figure 12. Example of placement of fabrics (14) in the device of the invention, to subject them to treatment by magnets S-12-03-N (51). Figure 12a: view of the back. Figure 12b: front view.
Figura 13. Esquema de la colocacion de muelles (15) en los extremos de los cilindros (11) donde se inserta la varilla roscada (2).Figure 13. Diagram of the placement of springs (15) on the ends of the cylinders (11) where the threaded rod (2) is inserted.
Realization preferente de la invencionPREFERRED REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invencion se ilustra adicionalmente mediante los siguientes ejemplos, los cuales no pretenden ser limitativos de su alcance.The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in scope.
Ejemplo 1. Fabrication de un dispositivo para el tratamiento de lienzos.Example 1. Fabrication of a device for the treatment of canvases.
Para este ejemplo, se realizo un bastidor de material lenoso. En concreto, se utilizo una madera de abeto laminado. El bastidor se fabrico con unas dimensiones de 150 x 110 x 3 cm, formado por cuatro listones (10) de madera de abeto laminado con una section rectangular de 10 x 3 mm (10 cm de ancho y 3 cm de grosor), dos de ellos de 150 cm de longitud y los otros dos, de 110 cm. Este tipo de madera posee unas propiedades flsicas que le confieren una gran estabilidad, ya que su densidad aparente al 12% de humedad es de 0,45 kg/m3 y tiene un coeficiente de contraction volumetrico de 0,44%, asl como una resistencia a la flexion estatica de 710 kg/cm2.For this example, a frame of woody material was made. In particular, a laminated fir wood was used. The frame was manufactured with dimensions of 150 x 110 x 3 cm, formed by four slats (10) of laminated fir wood with a rectangular section of 10 x 3 mm (10 cm wide and 3 cm thick), two of they of 150 cm in length and the other two, of 110 cm. This type of wood has physical properties that give it great stability, since its apparent density at 12% humidity is 0.45 kg / m3 and has a coefficient of volumetric contraction of 0.44%, as well as a resistance to the static flexion of 710 kg / cm2.
Como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 2, en el canto externo de cada liston se taladraron una serie de orificios de 0,3 cm de profundidad y 12 millmetros de diametro separados uno de otro una distancia de 6 cm. En ellos se alojaron imanes (5) de neodimio de esas mismas dimensiones que se fijaron mediante resina epoxldica Araldite® Standard extra fuerte, de forma que todos ellos quedaron a ras de la superficie del liston (10), enrasados con el canto externo del mismo. Este adhesivo tiene una traction de 350kg/cm2, una temperatura de transition vltrea (Tg) de 40°C y un tiempo de trabajo muy amplio, hasta 90 minutos, lo que garantiza al operador el correcto montaje de cada elemento. La fuerza del adhesivo empleado para los imanes S-12-03-N (51), incorporados en el bastidor de madera, tiene un valor aproximado de 139,4N. La madera del bastidor mostro un buen comportamiento respecto a la fuerza de traccion de los imanes utilizados, poniendo de manifiesto la alta capacidad de adhesion de los imanes S-12- 03-N (51). As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a series of holes 0.3 cm deep and 12 millimeters in diameter separated from each other by a distance of 6 cm were drilled in the outer edge of each strip. They were housed neodymium magnets (5) of the same dimensions that were fixed by extra strong Araldite® Standard epoxy resin, so that they all were flush with the surface of the strip (10), flush with the outer edge of the same. . This adhesive has a traction of 350kg / cm2, a temperature of transition vltrea (Tg) of 40 ° C and a very long working time, up to 90 minutes, which guarantees the operator the correct assembly of each element. The strength of the adhesive used for magnets S-12-03-N (51), incorporated in the wooden frame, has an approximate value of 139.4N. The wood of the frame showed a good behavior with respect to the traction force of the magnets used, showing the high adhesion capacity of the magnets S-12-03-N (51).
En cada uno de los cantos internos de los listones (10) se realizo, en su ilnea media, un surco longitudinal de 3 cm de profundidad y 0,2 cm de ancho, para poder alojar en dicho surco una canaleta metalica (4) y posteriormente una plancha metalica perforada (6), que actua como soporte para el lienzo que se va a intervenir. Se eligio una plancha de aluminio con unas dimensiones de 93,5 x 133,5 x 0,2 cm. En la plancha metalica se taladraron multiples orificios de 4 mm de diametro, separados unos de otros por una distancia de 3 mm, formando una trama uniforme en toda su superficie. Estos agujeros facilitan la atraccion entre imanes (51) situados a ambos lados de la plancha metalica perforada (6) y tambien permiten la circulation de aire entre dicha plancha y el lienzo u obra (7) bajo tratamiento (Figuras 3 y 4).In each of the internal edges of the strips (10) a longitudinal groove of 3 cm in depth and 0.2 cm in width was made, in order to accommodate in the groove a metal channel (4) and later a perforated metal plate (6), which acts as a support for the canvas that is going to intervene. An aluminum plate with dimensions of 93.5 x 133.5 x 0.2 cm was chosen. In the metal sheet multiple holes of 4 mm in diameter were drilled, separated from each other by a distance of 3 mm, forming a uniform pattern over its entire surface. These holes facilitate the attraction between magnets (51) located on both sides of the perforated metal plate (6) and also allow the air circulation between said plate and the canvas or work (7) under treatment (Figures 3 and 4).
Las cuatro esquinas del bastidor se realizaron mediante cortes a 45° de los extremos de los listones que las conforman y se las doto de un mecanismo de tension compuesto por espigas (1) de acero inoxidable, asl como varillas con rosca (2), tuercas (3) y arandelas (13). En cuanto a las espigas, se incorporo un sistema telescopico dentro del conjunto de elementos de tension del lienzo donde una espiga (1) de 7 cm de largo y con un diametro de 6 mm, insertada permanentemente en uno de los dos listones (10) hasta la mitad de su longitud penetra en el liston opuesto dentro de un cilindro (11) metalico que tiene un diametro de 8 mm y 4 cm de profundidad (Fig. 2). De esta manera, la espiga (1) entra y sale del cilindro (11) metalico segun se abra o cierre el mecanismo mediante el sistema de varilla roscada (2) tuercas (3) y arandelas (13) (Fig. 2), mientras que permanece embebida en el lado opuesto de la esquina del bastidor. Esto consigue disminuir notablemente la friction entre la madera del liston (10) y el acero inoxidable de la espiga (1); ademas, cuando se realiza la apertura del bastidor, la espiga (1) de acero inoxidable refuerza las esquinas evitando que la obra (7) se mueva durante la operacion.The four corners of the frame were made by 45 ° cuts of the ends of the slats that conform them and they were equipped with a tension mechanism composed of stainless steel pins (1), as well as threaded rods (2), nuts (3) and washers (13). As for the spikes, a telescopic system was incorporated within the set of tension elements of the canvas where a spike (1) 7 cm long and with a diameter of 6 mm, permanently inserted in one of the two slats (10) up to half its length it penetrates into the opposite lath inside a metal cylinder (11) having a diameter of 8 mm and 4 cm of depth (Fig. 2). In this way, the pin (1) enters and leaves the metal cylinder (11) as the mechanism is opened or closed by the system of threaded rod (2) nuts (3) and washers (13) (Fig. 2), while that remains embedded in the opposite side of the corner of the frame. This considerably reduces the friction between the wood of the slat (10) and the stainless steel of the spike (1); furthermore, when the frame is opened, the stainless steel pin (1) reinforces the corners, preventing the work (7) from moving during the operation.
Respecto al resto de los elementos de tension, las varillas con rosca (2) tuercas (3) y arandelas (13) se colocaron en la parte interior del liston (10) y los extremos de las varillas se alojaron dentro de cilindros metalicos ubicados en cada uno de los extremos de los listones que conforman una esquina, con unas dimensiones de 6 cm de largo y con un diametro de 10 mm (Fig. 2). A diferencia del sistema telescopico anterior, las varillas roscadas (2) en este caso no se fijaron en ninguno de los listones (10), de modo que se facilita la apertura en los dos lados. Para favorecer el acceso a las tuercas (3) y la manipulation de las mismas con una llave, los listones (10) en los cantos interiores se realizaron con un corte a modo de caja (Fig. 2).With respect to the rest of the tension elements, the threaded rods (2) nuts (3) and washers (13) were placed in the inner part of the strip (10) and the ends of the rods were housed inside metal cylinders located in each of the ends of the slats that make up a corner, with dimensions of 6 cm long and with a diameter of 10 mm (Fig. 2). Unlike the previous telescopic system, the threaded rods (2) in this case were not fixed on any of the strips (10), so that opening on both sides is facilitated. To facilitate access to the nuts (3) and the manipulation of the same with a key, the strips (10) in the inner edges were made with a cut as a box (Fig. 2).
Cabe destacar que tanto las espigas (1) como las varillas con rosca (2) se colocaron a la misma altura del liston (10) con respecto al grosor del mismo.It should be noted that both the pins (1) and the threaded rods (2) were placed at the same height of the strip (10) with respect to the thickness thereof.
Ejemplo 2. Ejemplo de sistema de instalacion para realizar la correction de deformaciones. Example 2. Example of installation system to perform deformation correction.
Cuando una pintura sobre tela ha sufrido algun tipo de deformation en el soporte (71) es necesario intervenir para estabilizarlo de manera que se garantice la pervivencia de la obra (7). When a painting on canvas has suffered some kind of deformation in the support (71) it is necessary to intervene to stabilize it in a way that guarantees the survival of the work (7).
En un bastidor elaborado segun el ejemplo 1, se instalaron un total de 102 imanes S-12-03-N (51) (Figs. 5, 6 y 7) en los cuatro cantos exteriores, colocados a una distancia entre uno y otro de 6 cm, en los orificios practicados en los cantos exteriores de los listones (10), segun se describe en el ejemplo 1.In a frame made according to example 1, a total of 102 magnets S-12-03-N (51) (Figs 5, 6 and 7) were installed in the four outer edges, placed at a distance between one and the other. 6 cm, in the holes made in the outer edges of the slats (10), as described in example 1.
Previo a realizar la intervention que se describe en este ejemplo, se analizaron los desgarros presentes en la obra puesto que, durante el proceso de tensado, si estos danos no estan protegidos, podrlan experimentar alguna deformacion. Para solventar estos inconvenientes se prepararon una serie de maquetas elaboradas con bandas de tela sintetica (8) Lipari, con un gramaje de 260g/m2, preparation tradicional de yeso y cola animal, y un estrato de pintura al oleo. Tambien se podrlan utilizar otros tipos de telas sinteticas similares (por ejemplo: ISPRA 130g/m2 o ISPRA 100g/m2) o alguna tela natural (por ejemplo: Lino 2297170g/m2). El resultado obtenido mostraba una separation entre 0,5-1 cm de desgarro (73), representado en la figura 8, de ah la necesidad de proteger dichas zonas. Con el objetivo de asegurar esta parte vulnerable del soporte (71) a la tension y tambien para evitar que los imanes se marcasen en la capa pictorica de la obra (72) se colocaron una lamina de papel Tyvek® (12), una cinta de neopreno (9) y, a continuation, diferentes imanes Q-20-10-02-N (52), tanto por el anverso como por el reverso del desgarro (73) (Fig. 9).Prior to carrying out the intervention described in this example, the tears present in the work were analyzed since, during the tensioning process, if these damages are not protected, they could experience some deformation. To solve these drawbacks, a series of models made with synthetic fabric bands (8) Lipari, with a grammage of 260g / m2, traditional preparation of plaster and animal glue, and a layer of oil paint were prepared. Other types of similar synthetic fabrics could also be used (for example: ISPRA 130g / m2 or ISPRA 100g / m2) or some natural fabric (for example: Linen 2297170g / m2). The result obtained showed a separation between 0.5-1 cm of tear (73), represented in figure 8, hence the need to protect said areas. In order to secure this vulnerable part of the support (71) to the tension and also to prevent the magnets from being marked on the pictorial layer of the work (72), a sheet of Tyvek® paper (12) was placed, a neoprene (9) and, then, different magnets Q-20-10-02-N (52), both on the front and on the back of the tear (73) (Fig. 9).
Las bandas de tela sintetica (8) sujetaron la obra (7) por su perimetro con ayuda de 178 imanes Q-20-10-02-N (52), respetando una distancia entre cada iman de 2 cm, y al mismo tiempo se mantuvieron unidas a los cantos externos del bastidor con 102 imanes S-12-03-N (51) (Figs. 6 y 7). Cada pareja de imanes actua como una pinza para sujetar tanto el lienzo original pintado como las nuevas bandas perimetrales de tela sintetica (8) de poliester Lipari. En la figura 5, se aprecian el soporte textil (71) y la capa pictorica (72) de la obra (7) sujetos mediante imanes Q-20-10-02-N (52) colocados en el perimetro de la obra (7), con sus respectivos polos (N y S) para que ejerzan la action de atraccion, y utilizando una banda de tela sintetica (8) e imanes S-12-03-N (51), con su respectivo polo (N y S), para sujetar la obra (7) al liston (10) del dispositivo mediante las bandas perimetrales de tela sintetica (8). En las figuras 6 y 7, se muestran las cuatro bandas de tela sintetica (8) colocadas en el perimetro de la obra (7) y sujetas, junto con la obra (7), por imanes Q-20-10-02-N (52). En el canto externo de los listones (10), las tiras o bandas de tela sintetica (8) se sujetan con imanes S-12-03-N (51). Se aprecia, tambien, el conjunto de elementos de tension: espigas (1), varillas con rosca (2), tuercas (3) y arandelas (13).The synthetic cloth bands (8) fastened the work (7) by its perimeter with the help of 178 magnets Q-20-10-02-N (52), respecting a distance between each magnet of 2 cm, and at the same time they held together the outer edges of the frame with 102 magnets S-12-03-N (51) (Figs 6 and 7). Each pair of magnets acts as a clamp to hold both the original painted canvas and the new synthetic fabric perimeter strips (8) of Lipari polyester. In figure 5, we can see the textile support (71) and the pictorial layer (72) of the work (7) held by magnets Q-20-10-02-N (52) placed on the perimeter of the work (7 ), with their respective poles (N and S) to perform the attraction action, and using a synthetic cloth band (8) and magnets S-12-03-N (51), with its respective pole (N and S) ), to fasten the work (7) to the strip (10) of the device by means of the synthetic fabric perimeter strips (8). Figures 6 and 7 show the four synthetic cloth bands (8) placed on the perimeter of the work (7) and fastened, together with the work (7), by magnets Q-20-10-02-N (52). In the outer edge of the strips (10), the strips or strips of synthetic fabric (8) are fastened with magnets S-12-03-N (51). It is also appreciated the set of tension elements: pins (1), threaded rods (2), nuts (3) and washers (13).
La fuerza magnetica de sujecion de cada iman es aproximadamente de 23,5N. La tension aplicada a la obra (7) durante el proceso de correction de deformaciones del soporte textil (71) oscilo entre 2,5 y 3,5 N/cm, y la obra se mantuvo sometida a dicha tension durante 24 horas. Transcurrido ese intervalo de tiempo, se observo que el soporte textil haha recuperado la planitud perdida durante el proceso de deterioro. Esta tension fue suficiente para lograr el objetivo perseguido.The magnetic holding force of each magnet is approximately 23.5N. The tension applied to the work (7) during the process of correction of deformations of the textile support (71) ranged between 2.5 and 3.5 N / cm, and the work was subjected to said tension for 24 hours. After that interval of time, it was observed that the textile support has recovered the flatness lost during the deterioration process. This tension was enough to achieve the objective pursued.
Ejemplo 3. Sujecion temporal de una obra.Example 3. Temporary support of a work.
Tal y como se describe en el ejemplo 1, en los cantos internos del bastidor utilizado en este ejemplo, se realizo un corte longitudinal de 3 cm de profundidad y 4mm de grosor, justo por la mitad del grosor del canto, de tal modo que se pudo introducir una canaleta metalica (4) que recibio posteriormente la plancha metalica perforada (6) (Fig. 10). Se selecciono una lamina de acero inoxidable, con unas dimensiones de 93,5 x 133,5 x 0,2 cm, que dispone de unos agujeros finos, de 4 mm de diametro, distribuidos en toda la superficie para favorecer la circulation del aire cuando la obra (7) se deposita sobre la plancha metalica, evitando posibles danos y, ademas, contribuyendo a mejorar la atraccion del campo magnetico entre dos imanes (5 y 51 en las figuras 3 y 4, respectivamente).As described in example 1, in the internal edges of the frame used in this example, a longitudinal cut of 3 cm in depth and 4 mm in thickness was made, just by half the thickness of the edge, in such a way that he was able to introduce a metal gutter (4) that later received the perforated metal plate (6) (Fig. 10). A stainless steel sheet was selected, with dimensions of 93.5 x 133.5 x 0.2 cm, which has fine holes, 4 mm in diameter, distributed over the entire surface to favor air circulation when the work (7) is deposited on the metal sheet, avoiding possible damages and, furthermore, contributing to improve the attraction of the magnetic field between two magnets (5 and 51 in figures 3 and 4, respectively).
De esta manera, se puede colocar la obra (7) a tratar, una vez desmontada de su bastidor original, y proceder a montar la obra (7) provisionalmente con ayuda de los imanes de neodimio S-15-03-R (53) (Fig. 11), de modo que quede lista para someterla a cuantas operaciones de restauracion precise. En la figura 10, se muestran un esquema de la plancha magnetica perforada (6), inserta en el liston (10) del bastidor, el soporte textil (71) y la capa pictorica (72) de la obra (7), imanes S-15-03-R (53) con sus respectivos polos (N y S) e imanes S-12-03-N (51) embebidos en los listones (10). Asi, se mantuvo un lienzo bajo una minima tension sobre la superficie de la plancha metalica perforada (6) durante cuatro semanas y se comprobo que la obra (7) no experimentaba ningun cambio dimensional.In this way, you can place the work (7) to be treated, once disassembled from its original frame, and proceed to assemble the work (7) provisionally with the help of neodymium magnets S-15-03-R (53) (Fig. 11), so that it is ready to submit it to as many restoration operations as necessary. In figure 10, an outline of the perforated magnetic plate (6), inserted in the slat (10) of the frame, the textile support (71) and the pictorial layer (72) of the work (7), magnets S, are shown. -15-03-R (53) with their respective poles (N and S) and magnets S-12-03-N (51) embedded in the slats (10). Thus, a canvas was kept under a minimum tension on the surface of the perforated metal sheet (6) for four weeks and it was found that the work (7) did not undergo any dimensional change.
Ejemplo 4. Aplicacion del dispositivo en el tratamiento de castigar las telas de fibras naturales. Example 4. Application of the device in the treatment of punishing fabrics of natural fibers.
Se realizo un dispositivo segun el ejemplo 1 pero con una distancia entre imanes de 5 cm, se coloco una tela de lino (14) de unas dimensiones de 170 x 130 cm y se sujeto con los 152 imanes S-12-03-N (51) instalados en los cantos exteriores de los listones (10) del bastidor y los correspondientes imanes libres, tras humedecer la tela (Fig. 12a y 12b). Mediante el conjunto de elementos de tension, se procedio a realizar una primera tension y tras secarse ligeramente la tela se volvio a aplicar una segunda tension. El procedimiento se repitio tres veces. Tras finalizar el proceso y con la tela tensada se procedio a entelar una obra mediante una mesa de succion.A device was made according to example 1 but with a distance between magnets of 5 cm, a linen fabric (14) of dimensions of 170 x 130 cm was placed and fastened with the 152 magnets S-12-03-N ( 51) installed on the outer edges of the strips (10) of the frame and the corresponding free magnets, after wetting the fabric (Fig. 12a and 12b). Through the set of tension elements, a first tension was made and after drying the fabric a second tension was applied again. The procedure was repeated three times. After finishing the process and with the tensioned fabric, a work was entertained by means of a suction table.
Ejemplo 5. Fabrication de un dispositivo para el tratamiento de lienzos de tamano variable. Example 5. Fabrication of a device for the treatment of canvases of variable size.
Se elaboro un bastidor cuyos listones estan compuestos por varios fragmentos fabricados en cloruro de polivinilo PVC rlgido:A frame was developed whose slats are composed of several fragments made of PVC polyvinyl chloride rigid:
- dos listones de 100 cm formados por dos fragmentos de 50 cm cada uno unidos estos fragmentos por espigas;- two strips of 100 cm formed by two fragments of 50 cm each one united these fragments by spikes;
- dos listones de 60 cm formados por dos fragmentos de 30 cm cada uno unidos por espigas; - two 60 cm slats formed by two fragments of 30 cm each joined by spikes;
- cuatro fragmentos de 50 cm cada uno, preparados para unirse mediante espigas a otros fragmentos;- four fragments of 50 cm each, prepared to be joined by spikes to other fragments;
- cuatro fragmentos de 30 cm cada uno, preparados para unirse mediante espigas a otros fragmentos.- four fragments of 30 cm each, prepared to be joined by spikes to other fragments.
Todos los fragmentos de liston se elaboraron de 8 cm de ancho y 2,5 cm de grosor. Las esquinas, los cantos externos y los cantos internos de los fragmentos de liston se disenaron como se describe en el ejemplo 1, de manera que se puedan insertar en ellos los imanes, a una distancia de 5 cm entre uno y otro, y las planchas metalicas perforadas correspondientes. Se incluyeron 3 planchas metalicas perforadas, de aluminio, para los dispositivos de 3 tamanos: 100 x 60 cm, 130 x 90 cm y 150x 110 cm, con unas dimensiones de 85 x 43 cm, 115 x 75 cm, 135 x 95 cm y todas las espigas necesarias para poder unir los diferentes fragmentos de los listones.All the ribbon fragments were made 8 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick. The corners, the external edges and the internal edges of the ribbon fragments were designed as described in Example 1, so that the magnets can be inserted in them, at a distance of 5 cm between them, and the plates Corresponding perforated metal. Three aluminum perforated metal plates were included for the 3-size devices: 100 x 60 cm, 130 x 90 cm and 150 x 110 cm, with dimensions of 85 x 43 cm, 115 x 75 cm, 135 x 95 cm and all the spikes needed to join the different fragments of the slats.
Ejemplo 6. Inclusion de muelles en el conjunto de elementos de tension de las esquinas del bastidor.Example 6. Inclusion of springs in the set of tension elements of the corners of the frame.
Se fabrico un dispositivo segun se describe en el ejemplo 1, en el que los cilindros (11) metalicos en los que se alojaron los extremos de las varillas con rosca (2) de las esquinas se disenaron con unas dimensiones de 8 cm para incluir en ellos sendos muelles (15) de 2 cm de longitud cada uno (Figura 13). De esta manera, al abrir el bastidor los muelles (15) se tensan y, al cerrarlo, los muelles (15) se destensan, lo cual facilita el destensado del bastidor con mayor precision y menos fuerza. A device was manufactured as described in example 1, in which the metal cylinders (11) in which the ends of the rods (2) of the corners were housed were designed with dimensions of 8 cm to be included in they each springs (15) of 2 cm length each (Figure 13). In this way, when the frame is opened, the springs (15) are tensioned and, when closed, the springs (15) are loosened, which facilitates the slackening of the frame with greater precision and less force.
Claims (10)
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| ES201900024A ES2713967B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | Device for the treatment of canvases |
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| ES201900024A ES2713967B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | Device for the treatment of canvases |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2933838A1 (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1981-09-10 | Becker & Hach, 3440 Eschwege | Picture frame for easy interchange of photographs - has spring-biased mitred corners pulled apart to release picture |
| US4332495A (en) * | 1980-04-29 | 1982-06-01 | Europatent S.A. | Wooden frames or the like having two frame parts adapted to be connected by a clamping-eccentric connector |
| US20130160338A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Dennis R. Forbis | Picture mount apparatus |
-
2019
- 2019-02-19 ES ES201900024A patent/ES2713967B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2933838A1 (en) * | 1979-08-21 | 1981-09-10 | Becker & Hach, 3440 Eschwege | Picture frame for easy interchange of photographs - has spring-biased mitred corners pulled apart to release picture |
| US4332495A (en) * | 1980-04-29 | 1982-06-01 | Europatent S.A. | Wooden frames or the like having two frame parts adapted to be connected by a clamping-eccentric connector |
| US20130160338A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Dennis R. Forbis | Picture mount apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Mounting Quilts with Magnets for Display or Exhibit. Inside the Conservator¿s Studio. An Art Conservator's Journal, 10/03/2016, [en línea][recuperado el 03/05/2019]. Recuperado de Internet (URL:http://insidetheconservatorsstudio.blogspot.com/2016/03/mounting-quilts-with-magnets-for.html), * |
| TAMMY JORDAN. Using Magnets as a Conservation Tool: A New Look at Tension Drying Damaged Vellum Documents. 18/04/2016, [en línea][recuperado el 30/04/2019]. Recuperado de Internet (URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20160418221329/https:/cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v30/bp30-06.pdf), * |
| TINA TAN, CHRISTINA TAYLOR AND RACHEL VOGEL. Invisible Forces: Mounting with Magnets. Inside the MFA (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston), 28/07/2016, [en línea][recuperado el 30/04/2019]. Recuperado de Internet (URL:https://www.mfah.org/blogs/inside-mfah/invisible-forces-mounting-with-magnets), * |
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