ES2530889B1 - Oxygenated water and hydrochloric acid fuel battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Fuel battery that works by using hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide as such. The chemical reaction produces water and oxygen, in addition to about 1 volt. The battery is divided into electrolytic tanks (8) connected in series by copper wires (7). Each tank has two corresponding openings, at opposite ends of the tank, isolated by screw caps (4), so that the user can restore the chemical compounds, when necessary. In addition, it has a third opening on the side of the membrane in which the solution containing only the hydrogen peroxide will be added, which is plugged by an air ejector valve (6), which will release the oxygen produced by the reaction. Each electrolytic cell is divided in two by a low density polyethylene membrane (5), which allows the passage of ions H {sup, +} by closing the circuit. On each side of the membrane is a thin platinum cylinder (2) which functions as a reaction catalyst and electrode.In addition, the electrodes of the ends are connected to the battery terminals (3), which are will connect to the device to which you want to supply power. All this is in a plastic cubic container of 1 cm minimum thickness (1).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Fuel cell with hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide.

Technical sector 5

The invention falls within the technical sector of batteries and batteries generating electricity, more specifically in the field of fuel cells, that is, batteries that allow the continuous replenishment of reagents consumed.

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State of the art

Pollution and high levels of carbon dioxide generated by the world population have a very negative impact on both the environment and our health. It should be noted how various treaties between nations were created to reduce the production of carbon dioxide.

In order to reduce the amount of pollution produced by human beings, scientists from around the world have designed and created alternative energy sources. In the field of batteries, the way to obtain energy has been sought without the use of metals or compounds that are harmful to the environment.

One of the few types of batteries that do not pollute but are efficient enough are the fuel batteries, including the hydrogen battery. Which uses hydrogen and oxygen as fuels, generating as the only waste 25 water.

The hydrogen stack uses hydrogen and oxygen as fuel to produce electricity. The cathode and anode are separated by a membrane that allows the passage of protons. 30

In the anode, the hydrogen molecule (H2) separates into two protons and two electrons. The electrons travel to the cathode, while the protons cross the membrane to the chamber where oxygen and the cathode are located.

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In the cathode, the oxygen molecules (O2) react with the protons that have crossed the membrane and with the electrons coming from the anode. Forming water vapor.

Combining the semi-reactions, and the potential redox standards:

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 O2 (g) + 2H + (ac) + 4e-  H2O (l) EØ = + 1.23 V

 2H + (ac) + 2e-  H2 (g) EØ = 0.00 V

 Four. Five

 O2 (g) + 2H2 (ac) 2H2O (l) EØ = + 1.23 V

image 1

But, this battery has several disadvantages and problems, which will be analyzed below, which make it difficult to manufacture as a substitute for current batteries. 50 The main effect of this battery is its membrane. Since the membrane should only

To allow the passage of protons, it is necessary to incorporate a membrane designed to allow only the exchange of protons between the two compounds, which is highly expensive. In addition, the membrane must be hydrated, requiring water to evaporate exactly to the same extent that it is produced. If the water evaporates too quickly, the membrane dries, the resistance through it increases, and it will crack, creating a "short circuit" of gas where hydrogen and oxygen combine directly, generating heat that will damage the cell made out of fuel. If the water evaporates too slowly, the electrodes will flood, preventing reagents from reaching the catalyst and the reaction will stop.

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Another problem is the use of hydrogen as fuel. Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas with great reducing capacity. High risk of fire or explosion. Its inhalation in high concentrations causes an oxygen deficiency, with risk of unconsciousness or death. In addition, hydrogen production does produce waste that is harmful to the environment. fifteen

To solve this problem, the present invention is about a fuel battery that does not require the use of hydrogen or generate it. But generating enough energy for use as a vehicle battery, being totally respectful of the environment. twenty

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention relates to a new fuel battery which requires, as fuel for hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, its corresponding concentrations and the process for manufacturing said battery.

Said battery is made up of a cubic container, composed of plastic of a minimum thickness of 1 cm, divided into electrolytic tanks connected in series. Each tank is divided in half by a low density polyethylene membrane. 30

In each tank there are two platinum electrodes, one on each side of the cylindrical low density polyethylene membrane, which just reaches the bottom of the container. Each electrode is connected by a cable to the electrode of the division to which it precedes and on the side of the low density polyethylene membrane, contrary to its own. 35 In addition, each division of the tanks has a hole for subsequent replacement of the chemical compounds. Each hole has a corresponding plug to prevent the leakage of chemical liquids from the battery. Opposite sides of the container are the battery terminals, which will be connected to the wiring system of the device to which it is connected. The terminals are in turn connected in series with the rest of the battery wiring, each forming the end of the wiring, but without closing the circuit.

To the same side for all membranes of low density polyethylene, concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide are added in a molar ratio of two to one, respectively. Oxygenated water of the same concentration as that of the opposite side is added to the opposite side of all the low density polyethylene membranes. On that same side is an opening, in which there is an automatic air expulsion valve. Which will allow oxygen formed on that side of the membrane to be released but will not allow air from outside the battery to penetrate it. fifty

Since the chemical reaction that occurs when combining both semi-reactions is as follows:

 2H2O2 (ac) + 2H + (ac) 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)

image2

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Each electrolytic cell gives an average of 1 volt of electrical potential.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope.

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Example 1

When the battery is destined for. function as a starter battery of a car, in this case a tourism, the concentrations, number of electrolytic tanks with their corresponding polyethylene membranes, automatic air valves and 15 electrodes is as follows:

● Concentration of compounds:

 ■ Concentration of hydrogen peroxide: 110 volumes. twenty

 ■ Hydrochloric acid concentration: 23%.

● Number of electrolytic tanks plus their components:

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 ■ 12 electrolytic tanks.

 ■ 12 low density polyethylene membranes.

 ■ 24 caps. 30

 ■ 12 cables connecting the tanks in series.

 ■ 24 platinum electrodes.

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 ■ 12 automatic air expulsion valves.

● Other battery components:

 ■ 2 terminals to connect to the car (tourism). 40

● The volumes of the chemical compounds and size of the electrolytic tanks are variable and do not dispense with a specific value for the correct functioning of the device. Even so, it is recommended that the volume of chemical compounds respect the 1: 2 molar ratio between hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, respectively, which are found in the same electrolytic cell.

Description of the figures

Figure 1.1 refers to the battery in zenith perspective. The 50 cubic plastic container with a thickness of at least 1 cm (1) is tightly closed

that copper wires (7) and platinum electrodes (2) are not exposed to the environment. In addition, the container contains the electrolytic cells (8), the number of electrolytic cells depends on the desired voltage. The greater the number of vats, the more voltage is obtained. All electrolytic tanks are divided in half by a low density polyethylene membrane (5), which allows the passage of H + ions, closing the circuit. 5 On each side of the membrane is a platinum electrode (2), which will act as a catalyst for the reaction and also function as a conductor of the electrons generated by the reaction. Each electrode is connected by a copper wire (7) to the electrode on the opposite side of the membrane and from the next tank as shown in the drawing. Except those of the end tanks, which are connected to the 10 terminals (3) of the battery, which will be connected to the device that will provide electricity.

Each electrolytic tank has three openings. Two on one side of the membrane and the other on the other. All electrolytic tanks will have the two openings on the same side of the membrane, specifically, the side on which the solution containing only hydrogen peroxide will be added. One of the openings is blocked by an automatic air expulsion valve (6), which will release the oxygen produced by the reaction, but will not allow outside air to enter the battery. The other two remaining openings are in turn covered by screw caps (4). Which will allow a replacement Jaci1 of 20 chemical compounds when they have been used up.

Figure 1.2 refers to an electrolytic cell seen with a longitudinal section. With the intention of facilitating the understanding of figure 1.1. Also, Figure 1.2 is a representation of the electrolytic cells shown in Figure 1.1 (8). You can see the platinum cylinders (2) that will act as electrodes, the low density polyethylene membrane (5), the automatic air expulsion valve (6), the openings for the replacement of liquids, together with the plugs thread (4) and copper wiring (7) explained above and connected to the platinum electrodes (2).

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Claims (4)

1. Electricity supply machine, which is a fuel cell, allowing the continuous reestablishment of the consumed reagents. It consists of a cubic plastic container of 1 cm minimum thickness (1), divided into 5 electrolytic tanks (8) connected in series. Each tank has two corresponding openings, at opposite ends of the tank, isolated by screw caps (4), so that the user can restore the chemical compounds, when necessary. This battery is characterized by the use of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid as electrolytes. In such a way that the reaction occurs: 10 2H2O2 (ac) + 2H + (ac) 2H2O (l) + O2 (g), generating on average one volt of electrical potential for each electrolytic cell used. image 1 2. The fuel battery according to claim 1 characterized by the division of each electrolytic tank by a low density polyethylene membrane (5), placed transversely in the center of each tank, dividing it into two parts and separating the mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide of the pure hydrogen peroxide electrolyte. 3. Fuel battery according to claim 1 and 2 characterized by the use of platinum as an electrode (2), placing two electrodes per tank, one on each side of the membrane (5). In addition, the electrodes are connected in series between Cuba and Cuba, as shown in Figure (1.1). 4. Fuel cell according to claim 1, 2 and 3 characterized by the use of automatic air expulsion valves on only one side of the battery (6), in which the pure hydrogen peroxide electrolyte will be found. In this way, the oxygen produced by pure hydrogen peroxide when oxidized.