ES2317987T3 - DOMESTIC LAVAPLATOS WITH SUPERIOR TRAY PARALLY ACCOMMODATED IN A REDUCTION OF THE FRONT LOAD DOOR AND FRONTALLY EQUIPPED WITH A TILTING ANAQUEL. - Google Patents

Abstract

A domestic dishwasher that has a washing chamber (1) closed frontally by a loading door (3), whose loading door has inside a recess (5) surrounded by a frame (6) that partially penetrates said chamber of washing and forming the peripheral walls of said recess, whose washing chamber houses at least a first tray (9) to extract it horizontally and having a front part (16) housed in said recess, characterized in that said front part (16) is provided with a shelf (21) articulated with an edge (27) on the front of said front part and which tilts from a support position for plates and cutlery to a substantially vertical position in which the free edge (29) of said shelf , opposite to said articulated edge (27), is substantially cloth with the upper wall of said recess (5), such that said shelf, when placed in its tilted vertical position, is a reference template p For the load housed in said front part.

Description

Domestic dishwasher with top tray partially housed in a recess of the front loading door and frontally equipped with a tilting shelf.

The present invention relates to a dishwasher domestic with an upper tray partially housed in a interior recess of the loading door and endowed with a tilting shelf

They have known each other for a long time, for example EP-143754, domestic dishwasher that have a washing chamber closed frontally by means of a loading door and containing an upper tray and a removable bottom tray, in which the dishes and cutlery.

The front loading door, articulated by its bottom, usually provided, at the bottom of its inner surface, of a recess that partially houses the bottom tray and increasing the available camera volume washing

The presence of control devices and of detergent containers / dispensers on top of the loading door does not allow to extend the recess also in the part top of said loading door.

It has also been known for a long time that, with in order to improve loading versatility and optimize washing, the trays can be equipped with tilting racks, such as described, for example, in the document US 3,934,728, or mobile trays, as describes for example in documents US-3,752,322 and US-5,601,195, which allow adequate disposal objects of various kinds.

It is also known that, in order to arrange properly small objects and cutlery, you can provide additional baskets or even accommodation cages to arrange them inside the upper or lower trays, or suspended frontally from one of these, or also housed, as It is described in EP-963,733, within under the loading door.

Recently provisions have been suggested and particular structures for detergent dispensers and additives, in particular in EP-671,143 and in some patent applications that belong to the applicant, that allow extending the recess made in the interior surface of the loading door.

In this way, it is possible to increase the volume of load and also partially accommodate the upper tray (or a additional tray fixed to the upper tray) on the recess as well obtained.

However, it should be noted that optimal use and versatile of the largest volume thus available raises several problems.

First, the rebate thus obtained in by virtue of a drawing operation on a metal panel or an inner lining of a loading door, presents a significant progressive narrowing.

In other words, the volume of the recess has the shape of a truncated pyramid with the sloping walls.

In addition, the diameter of the recess in its flange is smaller than the diameter of the washing chamber.

Actually, that recess should be surrounded by a frame that penetrates at least partially into the chamber of wash and lean on a waterproof camera shutter washed.

Second, while the tray Bottom has an invariable vertical position, the upper tray  It can usually be arranged in two vertical positions different.

Consequently, the first problem that raises is to design a versatile top tray, which can take full advantage of the available volume without interfering with the loading door, whatever its vertical position.

The second problem is that the tray upper can accommodate objects that protrude laterally from she.

While the user can easily verify that these objects do not interfere with the walls of the chamber of washing in which the tray with the dishes and the plates has been introduced covered, it is not so easy to verify that the objects placed on the protruding part of the tray, whose part fits into the under the loading door, do not interfere with the surrounding frame down.

Such interference is made apparent only to close the loading door, and it can break the plates and Cutlery housed in it.

The present invention solves said problems and provides an upper tray whose narrowed front It progressively lodges in the recess of the loading door.

A tilting shelf is articulated in the front of the tray, whose shelf has a length that as maximum is equal to the minimum width of the front of the tray and a width that is substantially equal to the depth of the recess.

The horizontal position of the articulation axis of the shelf is chosen in such a way that, when said tray is placed in its lower installation position and the shelf is rotated vertically up, its free end is substantially a cloth with the upper side of the frame surrounding the recess and is a Useful reference template for housed dishes and cutlery on the front of the tray.

Two substantially triangular grilles for covered are placed next to the tilting shelf on the progressively narrowed parts of the front of the tray, whose grilles are separated from the tilting shelf and preferable, although not necessarily, fixed, and are arranged with an inclination with respect to a horizontal plane that is substantially equal to the inclination of the inner surface from the upper side of the frame surrounding the recess.

The vertical position of said grids is chosen properly so that when the tray is placed in its upper installation position, be substantially cloth with the upper side of the frame surrounding the recess, and therefore they constitute a useful reference template for objects housed under them and for objects placed above the shelf.

Preferably, although not strictly necessary, an articulated C-shaped arm is also provided in the free end of the shelf, which acts, as appropriate, as a limit for objects placed on the shelf, as a template reference and support when the shelf is in position vertical, and also as a guiding grid and support for dishes.

Advantageously, also the grilles for the cutlery can be articulated on the tray, so that adopt two positions and act alternately as grilles for covered and as vertical support trays for dishes.

Eventually, for reasons of interchangeability of components, the entire front of the upper tray, with its bracket and cutlery racks, can be an extension detachable simply attached to the upper tray by hitch.

The characteristics and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and a variant thereof, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a central sectional view and vertical from front to back of the top of a dishwasher known in the art, with loading door equipped with a interior recess extending upwards;

- Figure 2 is a partial section of the dishwasher of Figure 1 according to view I-I of the Figure 1;

- Figure 3 is a partial view in perspective and exploded view of an upper tray for dishwasher of Figures 1 and 2, made according to the present invention;

- Figure 4 is a vertical schematic section Partial front to back of the dishwasher of Figures 1, 2 which houses the tray of Figure 3 in a lower operating position with the additional shelf in operational position;

- Figure 5 is a vertical schematic section Partial front to back of the dishwasher of Figures 1, 2 which houses the tray of Figure 3 with the additional shelf tilted;

- Figure 6 is a vertical schematic section Partial front to back of the dishwasher of Figures 1, 2 which houses the tray of Figure 3 in an operating position higher;

- Figure 7 is a perspective view in neat exploded view of a variant of the front of the tray of Figure 3;

- Figure 8 is a schematic partial section vertical front to back of the dishwasher in Figures 1 and 2 that houses the tray of Figure 7, with the additional tilted shelf and the reference template arranged in such a way that it forms a positioning grid for plates and cutlery and a support for the additional shelf;

- Figure 9 is a schematic vertical section like the one in Figure 8, with the reference template arranged only in order to support the additional bracket

With reference to the cuts of Figures 1 and 2, a domestic dishwasher, designed according to the techniques more recent, it comprises a washing chamber 1, housed in a box exterior and closed by means of a front loading door 3 articulated at the bottom.

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P1 depth in the forward direction Back of the box is approximately 520-530 mm, in order to allow the built-in installation of the dishwasher in kitchen modules.

According to the latest techniques, the P2 depth of the dishwasher, including the thickness of the door 3 loading, it can be 580-600 mm.

The loading door consists of an outer panel 4 and in an inner panel or lining or door, formed by drawing in order to form a recess 5 inside the door loading, surrounded by a peripheral frame 6 and having a bottom plane 7 parallel to the outer panel 3.

Said peripheral frame 6 rests against a 8 splash-proof shutter mounted inside the camera Wash near your loading mouth.

As a consequence, the depth P3 of the recess 5 obtained inside the loading door can be 80-90 mm

Through the proper disposition of control devices and detergent dispensers, for example inside the top side of the cargo door frame in the volume referred to as A (or by other sources such as those described in the documents mentioned above), the recess 5 can extend substantially over the entire height (and loading door width).

However, the width and height of the recess cannot be the same as those in the washing chamber, and they are necessarily smaller than the latter, due to the dimension total frame that has to penetrate the camera opening washing, in order to be hermetically coupled with the shutter 8.

In addition, the panel drawing process inside the door does not allow to obtain a recess with walls peripherals parallel to the bottom 7.

The walls are necessarily inclined forming an angle α, of about 20 ° and not less, with in order to avoid deformation and breakage of the material due to the drawing operation, which reaches such a depth Big down.

Therefore, said recess 5 has a certain progressive narrowing and is shaped like a pyramid truncated

Conversely, the washing chamber 1 is substantially shaped as a rectangular parallelepiped.

The upper part of the washing chamber houses a tray 9 that slides horizontally on rails, which supports below a drive fan 10 to spray.

As is known, the dishwasher trays they consist of a rigid structure, usually built with metal bars welded together and then coated with plastic.

This tray can be installed in two Vertical positions at the user's choice.

In one of these positions, indicated by the full line of Figure 1, bottom 91 of the tray is at a distance D1 from the vault of the washing chamber, or said with more accuracy of the maximum protrusion of the shutter 8 below the vault, washing chamber, about 250 mm.

In this position, the tray, with its edge upper 9A at a distance D3 of about 100 mm from the maximum protrusion of shutter 8, can accommodate a plurality of dishes placed vertically on a dish tray arranged on the upper edge, as exemplified by a plate 10 with openings.

Actually, the diameter of the table plates It is usually 230-240 mm.

In order to provide more versatility of use, as suggested, for example, in the document EP-1099404, the upper edges 9A of the tray, juxtaposed to the side walls of the washing chamber, it can be coupled with a tilting shelf, which can be divided also in independent parts 11A, 11B (Figure 2), and that, when it is placed vertically or almost vertically, it allows to arrange the dishes on the tray, and when it lies flat, although not necessarily in the strictly horizontal position, constitutes a support for objects that have a smaller vertical dimension placed above and below it.

Said tilting shelf 11A, 11B may be provided with a grid 12, which supports and retains the cutlery, which is an integral part of said shelf.

The mentioned shelf, which extends over full depth from front to back of the washing chamber, It has a limited width of approximately 100 mm, so that it can swing vertically, or almost vertically, without interfere with the roof of the washing chamber (or the shutter 8) when the tray is removed or inserted into the camera washed.

In the other of the two positions in which you can place tray 9, it is arranged closer to the roof of the washing chamber, and its upper edge is in the position indicated by dashed line 9B at a distance of about 50-60 mm of the maximum protrusion of the shutter 8.

Obviously, when tray 9 is in this position, the tilting shelf 11A, 11B can only be place in its horizontal or almost horizontal position.

Whatever the positions of the tray, the load is easily arranged on it and on the shelf when said tray is removed from the washing chamber and supported by suitable rails, which have not been shown.

The total dimensions of the load with respect to the roof of the washing chamber are clearly visible and the interference of said load with the roof, if it exists, you can easily prevent

If there is any interference from the load with shutter 8 when the tray is inserted into the wash chamber, interference can be detected and eliminated immediately without damaging the plates and cutlery or the machine.

A different situation arises if, with the In order to take full advantage of the available volume, the tray will dimensions in such a way that it stays with its front part, defined along the dashed line 13, in recess 5.

Inevitably, the tray should have a front part that narrows progressively both in the direction vertical, in order to avoid interference with the upper side of the frame in an area defined as X, at least when the tray it is arranged in its upper position, as in the lateral direction (dashed line 15 of Figure 2), in order to avoid interference with the sides of the frame.

It is obvious that this can be done, but it results in severe limitations

Although the non-interference of the dishes and cutlery housed in the front of tray 9 with the bottom side 7 and with sides 14 of recess 5 are secured by the front wall 13 and the side walls 15 of the tray that It contains plates and cutlery, however, the user does not have no reference that allows you to check and avoid the risk of a possible interference of plates and cutlery housed in the front of the tray with the upper side of the frame of the door.

Interferences can only be check, if any, by closing the loading door, with  subsequent damage.

Another problem that arises is that that the tilting racks, if any, articulated in the upper edges 9A of the tray juxtaposed to the walls sides of the washing chamber, cannot be extended in the part tray front; its tilting would be prevented by frame dimensions.

The perspective and exploded view of Figure 3, which shows only one half of the front of the upper tray, presents a preferred solution to the problems listed above.

A front part 16, preferable but not necessarily removably attached to an upper tray conventional 9, is added to said upper tray 9, totally housed inside the washing chamber.

The front part 16 can also be made as an integral part of tray 9, but it should be removable for reasons of modularity; said tray 9 can be used in the conventional dishwashers, in which the recess practiced inside of the loading door does not exist or is limited to the bottom of said loading door, and at the same time it can be integrated advantageously with the front part 16, so that it can be use in dishwashers that have such recess.

The structure of said front part 16 is very simple: a reticular metal structure forms a bottom 17, a front surface 18 and two narrowed side surfaces progressively, of which only one has been shown, the 19.

The inclination of the lateral surfaces is adequately the same as that of the side walls 14 (Figure 2) of the recess 5 in which said front part must be housed.

The front surface 18 ends above with a horizontal bar 20 that acts as an axis for a bracket tilting 21.

Side surfaces like 19 have a vertical extension much greater and end in a bar 22, whose inclination is substantially the same as the vertex of the dihedral angle formed by the upper wall and side walls from recess 5.

The bar 22, preferable but not necessarily, acts as an axis or at least as a support for a plate 23 of grille shape for substantially triangular cutlery.

The bar 22 ends in a tooth 24 that engages on top edge 9C of tray 9.

Similar teeth 25, 26 are formed by the reticular structure of the bottom 17, in order to engage said bottom 17 with the reticular structure of the bottom of the tray 9.

The shelf 21 consists essentially of a rectangular grid provided on an edge 27 of some forks 28 that snap on bar 20.

For convenience, the width of the shelf 21 is such that, when said shelf is placed with an inclination on the horizontal plane substantially equal to the inclination of the side top of recess 5, the edge 29 of the shelf, opposite the edge 27, rest, if only locally, on a leading edge 30 of tray 9 properly positioned in the lower position with respect to the edge 9A.

At the same time, the height of the bar 20 above the one that the shelf 21 is articulated can be chosen in such a way that, when the tray 9 is arranged in its lower position and the shelf 21 has been tilted to its vertical position, the edge 29 of the shelf is, having closed the loading door, substantially juxtaposed, almost in contact with the upper side of the frame that circle the recess.

The shelf 21 can be extended over the entire bar length 20, or alternatively it can be divided on several shelves side by side, one regardless of another (for example two of them have been shown) for a length total not exceeding that of bar 20.

For convenience, shelf 21 may be also provided with a tilting limit consisting of at least a rod 31 (or also two) supported by two arms 32, 33 (with support shoes 35) articulated at the ends of the shelf on its edge 29.

At its end that is next to the bar 22, the stem is provided with a support chair 43 whose function is will describe later.

The stem 31, in addition to acting as a limit, it does so advantageously, as will be seen, as a template of reference when loading plates and cutlery, as well as, if necessary, such as a positioning grid for dishes when the shelf 21 is tilted.

Alternatively, the grid function of positioning for plates and cutlery can be carried out by the plate 23 for cutlery, which in this case is equipped advantageously of joint forks 36, 37 of release which rotate freely on the bar 22, and of pins 38, 39 arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to that of the plate 23 with an appropriate inclination with respect to the axis of rotation of said plate 23.

Alternatively, said pins 38, 39 may be independent of plate 23 and articulate on bar 22 by means of release forks.

In the latter case plate 23, which rests with one of its edges 40 on the upper edge 9A of the tray 9, may also be provided with elastic interlocks of release in order to hold and endure in a position raised to said pins 38, 39.

Similar pins 41, 42, independent of the shelf 21, can be articulated by a gasket release on bar 20 and properly oriented as necessary.

The versatility of use and the various functions of the described devices are more evident to the view of the schematic cuts shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.

Figure 4 presents a partial view of the tray 9, arranged in its lowest loading position.

The front part 16 housed inside the recess inside of the loading door hooks to tray 9 by means of the teeth 24 and is supported by the upper edge 9C.

In the front part 16 both the plate 23 and the shelf 21 are arranged in an approximately position horizontal, defined by edge 40 resting on edge 9C and by the edge 29 resting on the edge 30.

Plate 23 can support cutlery piece such as spoons and forks, whose handle is introduced by the openings of the plate and the active side protrude from the license plate.

Under shelf 21, properly tilted for loading purposes, table items with a certain size, such as glasses and small plates.

Other tableware, such as cups coffee, can be arranged on shelf 21, retained by the limit formed by the stem 31, even if the shelf is a little inclined.

The rotation of limit 31 around axis 29 check that the tableware placed on the shelf are within surface 44 described by the rotation of said limit, whose surface roughly corresponds to the profile of the recess inside the door.

Therefore, even if the door is opened, you can check that the load does not interfere with said door when it it closes.

The rod 31 acts therefore as a template reference for plates and cutlery placed on the shelf 31 and, approximately, also for the part of the cutlery that protrude above plate 23.

In Figure 5 tray 9 is placed still in its lower loading position, but shelf 21 has been tilted in a virtually vertical position in the direction indicated by arrow 45.

Arms 32 and 33 (which have not been shown) are have turned in the direction indicated by arrow 46, in such a way that the rod 31 is substantially aligned with the edge 9C of tray 9, with chair 43 resting on edge 9C.

Thus, the stem 31 does not interfere with the plates and cutlery housed in the front part 16, and the arms 32 and 33 act as supports keeping in position vertical to shelf 21, which in turn acts as a template of reference for the dishes and cutlery housed in the part front 16.

In fact, the edge 29 of the shelf is substantially cloth with the upper wall of the inner recess of The loading door.

If the tableware housed in the part Front 16 are plates (for dessert) 47, 48, shown with lines of strokes, the vertical positioning of these can be ensured by tilting the plates 23 for cutlery and their pins 38, 39 (or only of the latter if they are independent of plate 23).

The pins 38, 39 placed horizontally, They form a separation tray for dishes.

A solution is described below. alternative that does not require pins 38, 39.

In Figure 6, tray 9 is placed in its top loading position.

In this configuration plate 23 for covered, necessarily oriented in a plane parallel to the wall upper 49 of the recess, juxtaposes to said wall 49 and constitutes a reference template for the dishes and cutlery housed under the plate 23.

The shelf 21 performs the same function, which it is necessarily also arranged in an almost position horizontal.

Objects that are small in size less in one direction, such as cutlery and saucers, you can place planes on the bracket 21 and stay on it using the limit formed by the stem 31, which, together with the plates like 23, it acts as a reference template for these objects.

Figures 7, 8 and 9 show a view in exploded perspective in a schematic cut of front / rear, of a possible system variant consisting of the shelf 21, the plate 23 for cutlery, the limit tilting / template 31, in which the tilting limit acts also as a grid for positioning plates and cutlery.

The shelf 21, which is the same as considered in the previous cases, it is in association with a tilting limit consisting of two parallel stems 31, 50, spaced from each other, connected to each other by their ends by means of two small arched bars 51, 52 supported, preferable but not necessarily in an intermediate position, for said two arms 32, 33 articulated on the edge 29 of the shelf.

For reasons that will manifest in the following, the arm 32 is provided, in an intermediate position, with a first lateral overhang 53.

In addition, the rod 31 extends laterally with a pin (or chair) 54.

In order to allow rotation of arm 32, 33 around its axis of articulation and the rotation of the shelf 21 together with its limit, so that the projection 53 does not interfere with the plate 23, the edge 55 of the plate 23 is provided with a recess 58.

Two support chairs 56, 57 have been provided over the edge 53 in a suitable position.

When the tilting limit is in position resting, as shown in Figure 8, arms 32, 33 (this one not shown) rest on the edge 20 of the front 16 inside the tray, and the small arched bars 51, 52 (the latter has not been shown) partially jump over the edge 20, thereby placing the stem 50 below the edge 20, aligned with it in a substantially vertical direction.

From its resting position, the limit can be turned, as shown in Figure 4, in order to verify that the load is within the volume available and that there is no risk of interference when the loading door

Similar to Figure 5, Figure 9 shows the tilting shelf 21 placed vertically and maintained in said vertical position by the support constituted by the arm 32

In this case, projection 53 (Figure 7), housed in the chair 56 of the plate 23, defines a position of the arm 32 such that the stems 31 and 50 form on the front of the tray a positioning grid for tableware such as dishes.

Reciprocally, by placing the pin 54 (Figure 7) in chair 57, as shown with a dashed line, stems 31, 50 can be aligned substantially with the upper edge 9C and 30 of the tray, with the in order to accommodate objects on the front of said tray bulky without interfering with said stems 31, 50.

It is clear that, as an alternative, in this one last case the pin 54 can be replaced by a chair that rest directly on the edge 9C, whether or not the plate 23 (in this case provided with a recess that replaces the chair 57, as also shown in Figure 3), in such a way that said plate 23, if necessary, can be tilted in a vertical position, thereby offering the maximum volume for plates and cutlery, or stay in said support position to cutlery.

The above description refers to the case more common dishwasher in which recess 5 is obtained by drawing of a sheet metal, and therefore necessarily narrowed progressively

However, it is clear that the structure and described devices can also be used advantageously when the recess (5) is not progressively narrowed, and this because, by example, it is formed in an inner lining of the door of load obtained by plastic molding.

In this case the cutlery plates, such like 23, instead of being triangular they can be rectangular, or they can be omitted, thereby extending the length of the corbel, or brackets, over the total width of the recess.

In the latter case, the support chairs 56, 57 can be replaced by equivalent locking devices to the arms 32, 33, obtained on the sides of the front part of the tray, either on the bar 22 that forms the upper edge of said sides, or on other bars that form the sides.

In a fairly similar way, although it is it is preferable to use a multifunctional tilt limit, such as 31, This can be replaced by a fixed bar, integral with the front of the front part 16 of the tray 9, acting as the limit and reference template for loading when tray 9 is in its top position

In this case the bar 20 is an intermediate bar from the front, placed at a suitable height such that the shelf 21, when you swing in the vertical position, act as a reference template.

Then, the shelf 21 can be provided with hitch devices that engage with the fixed upper bar and ensure the tilted vertical position of the shelf 21.

It is evident then that also the tray Lower, which normally exists in a dishwasher, can be performed  applying the same techniques as those described above and provide a front with narrow sides progressively, if necessary, if necessary hooked on a removable mode to the lower tray and equipped with a shelf that have an articulated edge in front of the front side and that swing from a support position for plates and cutlery to a vertical position

On the sides of the shelf, or shelves, it two cutlery plates can be arranged, these being supported on the sides, progressively narrowed if necessary, of the front part.

In this case the reference template is not necessary and, if it exists, it can be set and act only as a limit.

Claims (13)

1. A domestic dishwasher having a washing chamber (1) closed frontally by a loading door (3), whose loading door has inside a recess (5) surrounded by a frame (6) that partially penetrates said washing chamber and forming the peripheral walls of said recess, whose washing chamber houses at least a first tray (9) to extract it horizontally and having a front part (16) housed in said recess, characterized in that said front part (16) is provided with a shelf (21) articulated with an edge (27) on the front of said front and tilting from a support position to plates and cutlery to a substantially vertical position in the one that the free edge (29) of said shelf, opposite to said edge articulated (27), it is substantially cloth with the upper wall of said recess (5), such that said shelf, when placed in its tilted vertical position, be a template of reference for the load housed in said front part. 2. A dishwasher according to the claim 1, wherein said recess (5) and said front part (16) of the tray are progressively narrowed and said part front (16) comprises a pair of plates (23) for cutlery supported by the progressively narrowed sides (19, 22) of said front part. 3. A dishwasher according to the claims 1 or 2, wherein said plates (23) for cutlery are articulated on an upper edge (22) of said sides, can swing from a support position to a position vertical and are provided with pins (38, 39) that are arranged vertically when said plates are in their support position, and extend horizontally within said front of the tray, thereby forming a tray of guided for plates and cutlery, when said plates have tilted to its vertical position. 4. A dishwasher according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said tilting shelf  (21) is provided with a limit (31) with lateral arms (32, 33) articulated on the free edge (29) of said shelf with the purpose of rotating to said limit (31) from a position in which said shelf lies vertically on the front (18, 20) of said front when said shelf is in its positions of support, up to at least one position in which at least one of said arms (32, 33) is coupled with an edge (9C) of said tray (9) or with one of said plates (23) and act as a support in order of keeping said shelf (21) in its vertical position tilted 5. A dishwasher according to the claim 4, comprising means for coupling (53, 54, 56, 57) with at least one of said arms in two positions of separate support, for one of which said limit (31) is located as a separation grid for plates in said part front (16) of the tray, and for the other of which said limit does not interfere with a load placed on that part frontal. 6. A dishwasher according to the claim 5, wherein said spacing grid comprises two stems (31, 50). 7. A dishwasher according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said front part (16) is attached to said tray (9) in a removable manner. 8. A dishwasher according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said tray (9) is you can install inside said washing chamber in one of two separate vertical positions, lower and upper respectively. 9. A dishwasher according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a second tray housed in said washing chamber below said first tray and that has a front part provided with a shelf articulated with an edge over the front of said front part and that scales from a support position for plates and cutlery to a substantially vertical position. 10. A dishwasher according to the claim 9, comprising a pair of cutlery plates supported by the sides, progressively narrowed if necessary, from the front of said second tray. 11. A dishwasher according to the claim 10, wherein said cutlery plates, supported by the sides of the front of said second tray, are articulated on both sides and can swing from a support position to an upright position. 12. A dishwasher according to the claim 11, wherein said plates, supported by the sides  of the front part of said second tray, they are provided with pins that extend horizontally so that form a guiding tray for plates and cutlery when said plates have tilted to their vertical position. 13. A dishwasher according to any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the front part of said second tray is hooked to said second tray in one way removable