ES2313822A1 - Balanced control strategy of the switches of a three-phase three-phase static converter. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Balanced control strategy of the switches of a three-phase three-phase static converter. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2313822A1
ES2313822A1 ES200600975A ES200600975A ES2313822A1 ES 2313822 A1 ES2313822 A1 ES 2313822A1 ES 200600975 A ES200600975 A ES 200600975A ES 200600975 A ES200600975 A ES 200600975A ES 2313822 A1 ES2313822 A1 ES 2313822A1
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phase
switches
control strategy
zero
bus
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ES2313822B1 (en
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Josep Bordonau Farrerons
Sergio Busquets Monge
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Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC
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Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Balanced control strategy of the switches of a four-phase three-phase static converter. A control strategy of the switches of a static power converter of four levels, defined from some virtual modulation vectors, with average associated current equal to zero by the intermediate points of the dc bus (dc) is presented. With very small capacities of the capacitors that allow access to the different intermediate points of the dc bus, this control strategy allows to maintain balanced the voltages of these capacitors, so that the voltages that the switches have to block are balanced. The strategy is applicable to any system that incorporates a static four-level converter, such as, for example, ac motors of electric motors of alternating current (ac), systems for harnessing renewable energies, electric traction equipment, power systems, etc. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Estrategia equilibrada de control de los interruptores de un convertidor estático trifásico de cuatro niveles.Balanced strategy to control switches of a four-phase static converter four levels.

Sector de la técnicaTechnical sector

Hardware electrónico para sistemas eléctricos y electrónicos de potencia.Electronic hardware for electrical systems and power electronics 

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Estado de la técnicaState of the art

Los trabajos publicados sobre los convertidores estáticos de cuatro niveles son relativamente pocos en cantidad, debido a que el interés en estos convertidores es reciente por el descenso en el coste de los interruptores de
potencia.The published works on four-level static converters are relatively few in quantity, because the interest in these converters is recent due to the decrease in the cost of circuit breakers.
power.

En este entorno, la mayoría de los estudios se centran en analizar la aplicabilidad de los convertidores estáticos de cuatro niveles a diferentes aplicaciones, explorando sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Concretamente, se han publicado estudios de aplicabilidad a:In this environment, most studies are focus on analyzing the applicability of static converters from four levels to different applications, exploring their advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, studies have been published of applicability to:

\bullet?
Accionamientos de motores eléctricos de ca, en general. Motor drives AC electric, in general.

\bullet?
Accionamientos de motores eléctricos de ca utilizando la técnica DTC (Direct Torque Control, Control Directo de Par), estudiando la reducción del rizado. Motor drives AC electric using the DTC technique (Direct Torque Control, Direct Torque Control), studying the reduction of curly.

\bullet?
Sistemas de alimentación con compensación del factor de potencia. Feeding systems with power factor compensation.

\bullet?
Acondicionadores de calidad de potencia. Quality conditioners from power.

\bullet?
Accionamientos de motores eléctricos de ca, con control vectorial. Motor drives AC electric, with vector control.

\bullet?
Sistemas de alimentación de cc, en general. Dc power systems, in general. 

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En cambio, pocos trabajos se han dedicado a proponer una metodología general de equilibrado de los voltajes del bus de cc, utilizando una estrategia de modulación de los interruptores.On the other hand, few jobs have been dedicated to propose a general methodology for balancing the voltages of the DC bus, using a modulation strategy of switches

Esencialmente, las aportaciones realizadas en cuanto a estrategias de modulación de los interruptores del convertidor estático son estrategias particulares, que resuelven el problema del equilibrado de los voltajes del bus de cc de forma orientada a una aplicación, asumiendo que hay algunos puntos de trabajo en los que no es posible el equilibrado.Essentially, the contributions made in as for modulation strategies of the switches of the Static converter are particular strategies, which solve the problem of balancing dc bus voltages so application oriented, assuming there are some points of work in which balancing is not possible.

No se considera la problemática general de definir una estrategia de conmutación independiente de la aplicación y que sea lo más completa y genérica posible.The general problem of define a switching strategy independent of the application and make it as complete and generic as possible. 

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Descripción Description

Se define un método de control de los interruptores de un convertidor estático trifásico de cuatro niveles como el de la Figura 1. El convertidor genera la tensión trifásica de salida conectando cada una de las tres fases (a, b y c) a cualquiera de los cuatro puntos de conexión del bus de corriente continua (cc) (designados: 1, 2, 3, 4). El punto al que se conecta cada fase puede variar con el tiempo. Así, el convertidor presenta 64 estados de computación posibles designados por una secuencia de tres dígitos, donde el primer dígito corresponde al punto del bus de cc al que conectamos la fase a, el segundo número corresponde al punto del bus de cc al que conectamos la fase b, y el tercer número corresponde al punto del bus de cc al que conectamos la fase c. Estos 64 estados de conmutación se representan en el diagrama de la Figura 2. Proyectando ortogonalmente el vector correspondiente a cada estado de conmutación sobre los ejes \nu_{ab}, \nu_{bc} y \nu_{ca}, obtenemos el correspondiente valor de tensión compuesta asociado a este estado de conmutación. El vector de referencia V_{ref} representa la terna de tensiones deseada a la salida del convertidor. Este vector de referencia se aproxima por una secuencia de estados de conmutación.A control method of the switches of a three-phase four-phase static converter is defined as that of Figure 1. The converter generates the three-phase output voltage by connecting each of the three phases ( a, b and c ) to any of the four connection points of the DC bus (designated: 1, 2, 3, 4). The point to which each phase is connected may vary over time. Thus, the converter has 64 possible computation states designated by a three-digit sequence, where the first digit corresponds to the point of the DC bus to which we connect phase a , the second number corresponds to the point of the DC bus to which we connect the phase b , and the third number corresponds to the point of the dc bus to which we connect phase c . These 64 switching states are represented in the diagram of Figure 2. Orthogonally projecting the vector corresponding to each switching state on the axes \ nu_ {ab}, \ nu_ {bc} and \ nu_ {ca}, we obtain the corresponding value of composite voltage associated with this switching state. The reference vector V_ {ref} represents the desired voltage three at the output of the converter. This reference vector is approximated by a sequence of switching states.

A continuación se define la estrategia propuesta de control de los interruptores. Se describe en el primer sextante del diagrama de la Figura 2. Por simetría, la estrategia en el resto de sextantes será análoga. En el diagrama de la Figura 3 se muestran doce vectores (V_{1} a V_{12}) definidos como combinación lineal de ciertos estados de conmutación:The proposed strategy is defined below of control of the switches. It is described in the first sextant of the diagram in Figure 2. By symmetry, the strategy in the Other sextants will be analogous. The diagram in Figure 3 shows show twelve vectors (V1 to V12) defined as linear combination of certain switching states:

1one

22

La estrategia de control consistirá en aproximar el vector de referencia como una combinación lineal de estos vectores:The control strategy will be to approximate the reference vector as a linear combination of these vectors:

33 

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donde d_{vi} es la relación de servicio del vector V_{i}(i = 1, 2..12). Las relaciones de servicio de los estados de conmutación se calculan:where d_ {vi} is the relationship of service of the vector V_ {i} (i = 1, 2..12). The relationships of service switching states are calculate:

44

Si la suma de corrientes de fase es igual a cero, los vectores V_{1} a V_{12} poseen la propiedad de que introducen una corriente promedio en los puntos intermedios 2 y 3 (i_{2} e i_{3}) igual a cero. En el caso en que el bus de cc esté configurado por un conjunto de tres condensadores conectados en serie, esto permite reducir significativamente la capacidad de los tres condensadores del bus de cc (manteniendo equilibradas las tensiones de estos tres condensadores), tanto más cuanto menor sea el periodo del ciclo de conmutación entre los distintos estados del convertidor.If the sum of phase currents is equal to zero, vectors V_ {1} to V_ {12} have the property that introduce an average current at intermediate points 2 and 3 (i_ {2} and i_ {3}) equal to zero. In the case where the DC bus be configured by a set of three connected capacitors in series, this significantly reduces the ability to the three capacitors of the dc bus (keeping the voltages of these three capacitors), all the more the lower the period of the switching cycle between the different states of the converter.

La estrategia de control propuesta se puede aplicar directamente también al caso de un convertidor bifásico de cuatro niveles ya que el caso bifásico es equivalente a uno trifásico en el que la corriente por la tercera fase es igual a cero.The proposed control strategy can be apply directly also to the case of a two-phase converter of four levels since the biphasic case is equivalent to one three phase in which the current through the third phase is equal to zero.

Modos de realización de la invenciónEmbodiments of the invention

La presente invención se ilustra adicionalmente mediante el siguiente ejemplo, el cual no pretende ser limitativo de su alcance.The present invention is further illustrated. by the following example, which is not intended to be limiting of its reach.

Ejemplo 1Example 1

Se define un intervalo de tiempo que llamaremos periodo de conmutación. En cada periodo de conmutación se escogen los tres vectores más cercanos (de entre los vectores V_{1} a V_{12}) para aproximar el valor medio (en el periodo de conmutación) del vector de referencia V_{ref}. En la ecuación (2), la relación de servicio (d_{vi}) de los vectores descartados será igual a cero. En caso de que dos vectores coincidentes en el diagrama de la Figura 3 sean candidatos a aproximar el vector de referencia, se escogen ambos con la misma relación de servicio (d_{v5} = d_{v6}, d_{v7} = d_{v8}, d_{v9} = d_{v10}).A time interval is defined that we will call switching period In each switching period they are chosen the three closest vectors (from vectors V_ {a} to V_ {12}) to approximate the average value (in the period of switching) of the reference vector V_ {ref}. In the equation (2), the service ratio (d_ {vi}) of the discarded vectors It will be zero. In case two matching vectors in the diagram in Figure 3 are candidates to approximate the vector of reference, both are chosen with the same service relationship (d_ {v5} = d_ {v6}, d_ {v7} = d_ {v8}, d_ {v9} = d_ {v10}).

Finalmente, en cada periodo de conmutación se secuencian de forma simétrica los estados de conmutación de forma que se minimice el número de conmutaciones. El orden de aplicación de los estados de conmutación será en orden decreciente y luego creciente (o viceversa) del número de tres dígitos correspondiente a cada estado de conmutación, donde la relación de servicio de cada estado de conmutación se distribuye equitativamente entre las dos aplicaciones del mismo dentro de cada periodo de conmutación. Por ejemplo, en la primera mitad del periodo de conmutación, el orden de aplicación será: 443, 442, 441, 434, 433, 432, 431, 424, 423, 422, 421, 414, 413, 412, 411, 344, 343, 342, 341, 334, 333, 332, 331, 324, 323, 322, 321, 314, 313, 312, 311, 244, 243, 242, 241, 234, 233, 232, 231, 224, 223, 222, 221, 214, 213, 212, 211, 144, 143, 142, 141, 134, 133, 132, 131, 124, 123, 122, 121, 114, 113, 112. En la segunda mitad del periodo de conmutación el orden será el inverso.Finally, in each switching period symmetrically sequence switching states that the number of commutations be minimized. The order of application of the switching states will be in decreasing order and then increasing (or vice versa) of the three-digit number corresponding to each switching state, where the service relationship of each switching state is distributed equally between the two applications thereof within each switching period. By for example, in the first half of the switching period, the order of  Application will be: 443, 442, 441, 434, 433, 432, 431, 424, 423, 422, 421, 414, 413, 412, 411, 344, 343, 342, 341, 334, 333, 332, 331, 324, 323, 322, 321, 314, 313, 312, 311, 244, 243, 242, 241, 234, 233, 232, 231, 224, 223, 222, 221, 214, 213, 212, 211, 144, 143, 142, 141, 134, 133, 132, 131, 124, 123, 122, 121, 114, 113, 112. In the second half of the switching period the order will be the reverse.

Claims (4)

1. Una estrategia de control de los interruptores de un convertidor estático trifásico de cuatro niveles caracterizada por tener una corriente asociada promedio igual a cero por los puntos intermedios del bus de corriente continua cuando la suma de corrientes de fase es igual a cero.1. A control strategy for the switches of a three-phase four-phase static converter characterized by having an average associated current equal to zero by the intermediate points of the direct current bus when the sum of phase currents is equal to zero. 2. Una estrategia de control de los interruptores de un convertidor estático bifásico de cuatro niveles caracterizada por tener una corriente asociada promedio igual a cero por los puntos intermedios del bus de corriente continua cuando la suma de corrientes de fase es igual a cero.2. A control strategy for the switches of a four-phase four-phase static converter characterized by having an average associated current equal to zero by the intermediate points of the direct current bus when the sum of phase currents is equal to zero. 3. Una estrategia de control de los interruptores de un convertidor estático trifásico o bifásico de cuatro niveles según reivindicaciones 1 ó 2, caracterizada porque se emplean en cada periodo de conmutación los tres vectores (con corriente promedio asociada cero en los puntos intermedios del bus de corriente continua) más cercanos al vector de referencia para aproximarlo.3. A control strategy for the switches of a three-phase or two-phase four-phase static converter according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the three vectors are used in each switching period (with zero associated average current at the intermediate points of the bus of direct current) closer to the reference vector to approximate it. 4. Una estrategia de control de los interruptores de un convertidor estático trifásico o bifásico de cuatro niveles según reivindicaciones 1 o 2 y 3, caracterizada porque se ordena de forma simétrica la secuencia de aplicación de los estados de conmutación, primero en orden decreciente y luego creciente (o viceversa) del número de tres dígitos correspondiente a cada estado de conmutación.4. A control strategy for the switches of a three-phase or two-phase four-phase static converter according to claims 1 or 2 and 3, characterized in that the sequence of application of the switching states is arranged symmetrically, first in decreasing order and then increasing (or vice versa) of the three-digit number corresponding to each switching state.
ES200600975A 2006-04-06 2006-04-06 BALANCED STRATEGY FOR CONTROL OF SWITCHES OF A FOUR-LEVEL THREE-PHASE STATIC CONVERTER. Active ES2313822B1 (en)

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DE102011084698A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Inverter unit for an asynchronous machine
CN105610339B (en) * 2015-12-22 2018-03-02 国家电网公司 A kind of three-level modulation method of Virtual Space vector

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BUSQUETS-MONGE, S. et al "The Nearest Three Virtual Space Vector PWM-A Modulation for the Comprehensive Neutral-Point Balancing in the Three-Level NPC Inverter"; IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS LETTERS, VOL. 2, NO. 1, MARZO 2004, páginas 11-15. *
CELANOVIC, N. et al "{}A Comprehensive Study of Neutral-Point Voltage Balancing Problem in Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source PWM Inverters" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 15, NO. 2, MARZO 2000, páginas 242-249. *
CELANOVIC, N. et al "A Comprehensive Study of Neutral-Point Voltage Balancing Problem in Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source PWM Inverters" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 15, NO. 2, MARZO 2000, páginas 242-249. *
RODRIGUEZ, J. et al "Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications"; IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 49, NO. 4, AGOSTO 2002, páginas 724-738. *

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