ES2263137T3 - Placa de construccion. - Google Patents

Placa de construccion.

Info

Publication number
ES2263137T3
ES2263137T3 ES04709570T ES04709570T ES2263137T3 ES 2263137 T3 ES2263137 T3 ES 2263137T3 ES 04709570 T ES04709570 T ES 04709570T ES 04709570 T ES04709570 T ES 04709570T ES 2263137 T3 ES2263137 T3 ES 2263137T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
plates
layers
construction
construction plate
plate according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES04709570T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Hasch
Stefan Gottfried
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kronotec AG
Original Assignee
Kronotec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kronotec AG filed Critical Kronotec AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2263137T3 publication Critical patent/ES2263137T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/10—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2361/00—Phenoplast, aminoplast
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
    • Y10T428/163—Next to unitary web or sheet of equal or greater extent
    • Y10T428/164—Continuous two dimensionally sectional layer
    • Y10T428/167—Cellulosic sections [e.g., parquet floor, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/18—Longitudinally sectional layer of three or more sections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/18—Longitudinally sectional layer of three or more sections
    • Y10T428/183—Next to unitary sheet of equal or greater extent
    • Y10T428/187—Continuous sectional layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24744—Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249923—Including interlaminar mechanical fastener

Abstract

Placa de construcción para su utilización como elemento de techo o de pared en la construcción de viviendas, caracterizada por múltiples placas OSB dispuestas una junto a otra (1, 2, 3; 1a, 2a, 3a; 1b, 2b, 3b), que están encoladas entre sí en varias capas.

Description

Placa de construcción.
La invención se refiere a una placa de construcción para su utilización como elemento de techo o de pared en la construcción de viviendas.
Las entrecubiertas se utilizan en las viviendas como techos de apilamiento de planchas, como suelos de tarima, que se tienden y fijan sobre envigados visibles y no visibles y como techos macizos de hormigón. Estos techos deben fabricarse in-situ. Su fabricación es correspondientemente costosa en tiempo. En la construcción de casas prefabricadas se utilizan elementos de apilamiento de planchas prefabricados.
Las paredes son realizadas, cuando no son de muro o vertidas a partir de hormigón, en forma constructiva autoportante, es decir, se erige una estructura de viguería que es revestida con material de madera o placas de cartón de yeso.
En la DE 100 01 227 C1 se da a conocer un panel de pared o de techo con un núcleo de placa de material de madera OSB, cubierta con una capa de cubierta transparente que puede estar compuesta por papel o plástico. Este panel está compuesto por una única placa de material de madera OSB que durante la fabricación ha sido dividida en varias capas, es decir, una capa intermedia y dos capas de cubierta.
En la EP 1 219 409 A1 se describe un procedimiento para fabricar vigas gruesas con varias capas o placas a partir de planchas de madera. A partir de las distintas planchas de madera se fabrican tableros de gran superficie, que a continuación se pegan con una cola de resina sintética que se endurece con el calor. Para ello se apilan los tableros encolados uno sobre otro a pequeña distancia y a continuación se prensan en una prensa bajo temperatura y presión. El paquete de tableros se comprime entonces y queda prensado en su estado de acabado.
Por la DE 200 17 058 U1 se dan a conocer elementos de suelo que están compuestos por una capa de material y una capa de cubierta de madera maciza con un espesor de al menos 6 mm. De esta manera, debe despertar la impresión de un elemento de suelo de madera maciza. Para ahorrar costes, se adhiere la capa de cubierta de madera maciza sobre una capa de material compuesta por pequeños trozos de madera.
En la DE 201 05 808 U1 se describe un elemento de placas de madera contrachapeada con capas de enchapado continuas encoladas entre sí en cruz, que mediante un corte de sierra pueden ser separadas en discos individuales. Los discos se colocan como elementos decorativos para revestimientos de pared y suelo en distintos modelos de instalación.
La GB 2 306 389 A1 da a conocer una placa compuesta por múltiples capas de enchapado de madera, de madera dura tropical de densidad media y por una o varias capas de metal. Las capas de metal pueden estar compuestas por aluminio, acero fino o cobre. Las distintas capas de madera y metal se pegan con una resina fenólica que se endurece térmicamente.
En la AU 551 000 A se describe una placa de capas de metal y madera en la que las capas exteriores están compuestas por placas de metal. Estas placas pueden utilizarse por ejemplo para campos de aplicación con elevadas exigencias de seguridad, por ejemplo en prisiones. Las placas de madera y metal se adhieren con una resina que se endurece térmi-
camente.
La DE 295 119 84 U1 describe una placa de sándwich con una estructura de capas de metal y madera. Aquí se adhieren entre sí placas de enchapado de madera y placas de metal alternativamente. La placa que así resulta se sierra para formar bandas y las bandas se utilizan por ejemplo como encolador para la configuración óptica de muebles.
En la US 4,470,357, se describe una estructura de placas de madera de árboles de fronda, metal y hormigón, para generar bóvedas en edificios existentes. Las capas de cubierta de chapa de acero están pegadas con una resina epoxi sobre una capa intermedia de varias capas de placas de madera de encina. En la capa intermedia están configuradas entre dos placas de madera de encina cámaras de chapa de acero y perfiles de acero con forma de U, que están pegados con las placas de madera de encina. Estas cámaras se cimentan con hormigón y confieren a la estructura de placas una mayor resistencia a los choques y propiedades de protección frente al fuego.
La US 4,520,057 describe un placa de composite compuesta por una placa de núcleo que está rodeada por completo por una chapa metálica que está soldada en los cantos. Mediante la envoltura de metal se sella la placa de núcleo de manera estanca al aire, con lo que la placa de composite es resistente al fuego, resistente a la humedad y protegida frente al desarrollo de humos.
En la DE 297 13 040 se describe una placa compuesta de madera y metal en la que sobre una placa soporte de chapa fina se aplica una capa decorativa de enchapado, para que la placa pueda cortarse y dársele forma como chapa.
La invención tiene como tarea básica lograr una placa de construcción para su utilización como elemento de techo o pared en la construcción de viviendas, que pueda utilizarse como elemento prefabricado, que posea altas propiedades de atenuación del calor y del ruido y que sea económica de fabricar.
Para solucionar la tarea, se caracteriza la placa de construcción por múltiples placas OSB dispuestas una junto a otra, encoladas entre sí en varias placas.
Mediante la unión de varias placas para formar varias capas decaladas entre sí, se logra una elevada estabilidad de la placa de construcción, que no obstante es ligera. El OSB (Oriented Strand Board, panel de hebras orientadas), presenta buenas propiedades mecánicas.
Para aumentar la estabilidad de la placa de construcción, están unidas las capas de varias placas, ventajosamente de forma adicional, mediante elementos mecánicos de unión (clavos, tornillos, grapas). La fabricación se simplifica cuando entre las distintas capas se utilizan chapas de clavos para la fijación adicional.
Para aumentar la atenuación del ruido y del calor, puede estar prevista entre las capas una estera de plástico.
Las propiedades relativas al sonido de las pisadas pueden mejorarse cuando entre las placas se prevé una capa de espacio hueco. Este espacio hueco puede estar relleno también con material atenuador.
La placa de construcción presenta una longitud de 2 a 20 m, en particular 2 a 10 m ó 4 a 6 m. El espesor es de 50 a 900 mm, en particular de 100 a 400 mm ó 100 a 250 mm.
Con ayuda del dibujo, que muestra una representación en perspectiva de una placa de construcción, se describirá a continuación un ejemplo de ejecución de la invención.
La placa de construcción está compuesta por varias placas OSB 1, 2, 3; 1a, 2a, 3a; 1b, 2b, 3b, que están encoladas una sobre otra formando varias capas. Como adhesivo pueden utilizarse resinas de aminoplasto, en particular resinas úricas reforzadas con melamina, resinas fenólicas y de resorcina o adhesivos a base de poliuretano y cianateno, así como acetatos de vinilo, en particular PVAc. La superficie del OSB puede estar rectificada o no rectificada. Las distintas placas 1, 2, 3, ... pueden presentar un espesor entre 8 y 60 mm. Entre las distintas placas 1a, 2a, 3a, ... de una capa pueden estar previstos espacios huecos 4. Estos espacios huecos 4 pueden estar rellenos de un material atenuador 5. Los espacios huecos 4 mejoran las propiedades de atenuación de los ruidos, que pueden mejorarse aún más cuando los espacios huecos 4 están rellenos con material atenuador 5. Los espacios intermedios 4 tienen una anchura de unos 20 mm. Las propiedades de atenuación del calor y del ruido pueden seguirse incrementando cuando entre las distintas capas se prevén esteras de plástico 6.
Para apoyar el encolado de las distintas capas, pueden estar previstas chapas de clavos 7. Las distintas capas pueden estar también adicionalmente unidas entre sí por clavos, tornillos o grapas.
Con la placa de construcción pueden lograrse en los techos luces de 4 a 10 m, preferentemente entre 4 y 6 m. En paredes puede lograrse una luz de 2 a 20 m y una anchura de 2 a 10 m. El espesor de la placa de construcción para su utilización como elemento de techo es de entre 5 y 90 cm, preferentemente entre 10 y 40 cm. El espesor de un elemento de pared es de entre 5 y 30 cm, preferentemente entre 10 y 25 cm.

Claims (8)

1. Placa de construcción para su utilización como elemento de techo o de pared en la construcción de viviendas,
caracterizada por múltiples placas OSB dispuestas una junto a otra (1, 2, 3; 1a, 2a, 3a; 1b, 2b, 3b), que están encoladas entre sí en varias capas.
2. Placa de construcción según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizada porque las capas de varias placas (1, 2, 3; 1a, 2a, 3a; 1b, 2b, 3b) están unidas adicionalmente entre sí mediante elementos mecánicos de unión.
3. Placa de construcción según la reivindicación 2,
caracterizada porque entre cada dos capas que se encuentran una sobre otra está dispuesta al menos una chapa de clavos (7).
4. Placa de construcción según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizada porque entre dos capas que se encuentran una sobre otra está dispuesta al menos una estera de plástico (6).
5. Placa de construcción según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizada porque entre las placas (1, 2, 3; 1a, 2a, 3a; 1b, 2b, 3b) está prevista una capa de espacio hueco (4).
6. Placa de construcción según la reivindicación 5,
caracterizada porque el espacio hueco (4) está relleno de un material atenuador (5).
7. Placa de construcción según una o varias de las reivindicaciones precedentes,
caracterizada por una longitud de 2-20 m, en particular 2-10 m ó 4-6 m.
8. Placa de construcción según una o varias de las reivindicaciones precedentes,
caracterizada por un espesor de 50-90 mm, en particular 100-400 mm ó 100-250 mm.
ES04709570T 2003-02-14 2004-02-10 Placa de construccion. Expired - Lifetime ES2263137T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10306118 2003-02-14
DE2003106118 DE10306118A1 (de) 2003-02-14 2003-02-14 Bauplatte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2263137T3 true ES2263137T3 (es) 2006-12-01

Family

ID=32841658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES04709570T Expired - Lifetime ES2263137T3 (es) 2003-02-14 2004-02-10 Placa de construccion.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7651751B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1511623B1 (es)
JP (1) JP4472689B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE326335T1 (es)
CA (1) CA2493886C (es)
DE (2) DE10306118A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2263137T3 (es)
PL (1) PL374047A1 (es)
RU (1) RU2340742C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2004071764A1 (es)

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JP4472689B2 (ja) 2010-06-02
US20050266199A1 (en) 2005-12-01
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RU2340742C2 (ru) 2008-12-10
DE10306118A1 (de) 2004-09-09
WO2004071764A1 (de) 2004-08-26
US7651751B2 (en) 2010-01-26
ATE326335T1 (de) 2006-06-15
PL374047A1 (en) 2005-09-19
EP1511623B1 (de) 2006-05-17
RU2004137126A (ru) 2005-07-27

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