ES2260163T3 - PROVISION AND PROCEDURE TO COOL OR HEAT. - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement for cooling or heating with - a first heat exchanger (10) for emitting or extracting heat in one or a heat tank (12), - a second heat exchanger (14) for extracting or emitting heat from one or a zone (16) to be heated or cooled, - a compressor (18), - an expansion element (20) and - means (22, 24) for switching between a cooling operation and a heating operation that are integrated in a module (26), in which the first heat exchanger (10) in the heating operation extracts heat from the heat tank (12) and in the cooling operation emits heat to the heat tank (12), while the second heat exchanger (14) emits heat in the heating operation to the space (16) to be heated and extracts heat in the cooling operation of the space (16) to be cooled, and in which the first exchanger (10 ) heat, the second exchanged r (14) of heat, the compressor (18), the expansion element (20) and the means (22, 24) for switching form a closed heating or cooling closed circuit through which CO2 flows, characterized in that the means switching comprises a first valve (22) and a second valve (24) with four ports (30, 32, 34, 36; 38, 40, 42, 44) in each case.

Description

Provision and procedure for cooling or to warm.

The invention relates to an arrangement for cooling or heating according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

A generic type arrangement is known as EP-A-0 566 854 A2 for especially cool or heat interior spaces of vehicles. Cooling with provisions and procedures of this type through an air conditioning installation installed in a Vehicle has been known for a long time. However the warming with this type of provisions also wins a growing importance. For this the development of engines of optimized consumption is not ultimately responsible since in these are not emitting enough heat in the cooling medium to warm the vehicle nicely in the event of casualties operating temperatures with reduced load. This is especially valid for direct injection diesel engines that They already have generic type heaters to ensure comfort in the case of low temperatures. Also vehicles with direct fuel injection should be equipped in the future with heaters so that an indoor temperature can be maintained nice.

Most high-end vehicles and, of also growing way of the mid-range, they are equipped with a installation of air conditioning according to the standard. The components of such an air conditioning installation can be used as a heat pump in the case of ambient temperatures low through an inversion of heat circulation. A bomb Heat of this type is characterized by energy consumption reduced and a spontaneous reaction behavior in the case of a high heat output For heater concepts with security views, for example, with reference to a thaw of the Windshield wipers, and for comfort this is an advanced concept.

Two circuits are shown in Figures 5 and 6 installation of air conditioning, shown in figure 5 a conventional cooling operation while in the Figure 6 shows a heating operation with the additional components necessary for the operation of heating.

An air conditioning installation circuit is schematically shown in Figure 5. A first medium that flows through a circuit 160 enters a first heat exchanger 110. The medium emits heat to the ambient air 162 and therefore cools. From the heat exchanger 110 a cooled medium comes out. This cooled medium is now conducted through an internal heat exchanger 128 whose function is explained below. After the exit of the medium from the internal heat exchanger 128 the medium enters an expansion element 120. The medium is cooled intensively by expansion and is then fed to a second heat exchanger 114. In this heat exchanger 114, the cold medium can cool the hot ambient air or the circulating air and make it available in the form of cold air 164 to a space to be cooled, for example, the interior of the vehicle. Condensate 166 is formed in this process. The evaporated and reheated medium due to heat exchange in the heat exchanger 114 exits the heat exchanger 114 and then flows through the internal heat exchanger 128 again. After the output of the internal heat exchanger 128 the medium reaches a compressor 118 in which it is brought to a higher pressure by compression and heated. Accordingly, a heated medium is again provided which can enter the first heat exchanger 110 for heat exchange. The circuit is
closed.

The internal heat exchanger 128 serves for the increase of power in the circuit. In this way the medium it cools before the entry into expansion element 120 through of the refluxing medium, which has left the second exchanger 114 of heat, while the refluxing medium is heated in the Wrong Way. Through this heat exchange the proportion of fluid in the fluid increases when leaving the element 120 of expansion. Therefore there is an increase in performance in the circuit.

Figure 6 shows a circuit that, in comparison with figure 5, it is equipped with components additional. These components are necessary to use the circuit to heat a space. The circuit is described again starting from the entrance of the medium in the first exchanger 110 of hot. A cold medium enters the heat exchanger 110. He medium cold is heated and evaporated in the heat exchanger by interacting with ambient air 162 while the ambient air cools. In this case depending on the temperature condensate or ice may form 168. After the outlet of the medium of the first heat exchanger this flows through a first valve 170 in the internal heat exchanger 128. Behind the middle outlet of internal heat exchanger 128 flows in the compressor 118 in which it is compressed and heated. After that the medium has left the compressor enters the second heat exchanger through a second valve 172. There the heated medium can heat cold ambient air or circulating air cold and therefore facilitate it as heat 174 useful to a space that has to be heated 1. The medium comes out in the cooled state of the second heat exchanger 114 and then enters a third valve 176. This third valve 176 conducts the flow of the medium to a fourth valve 178 in which the medium is conducted again, of such that it enters the internal heat exchanger 128. After the output of the internal heat exchanger 128 the medium enters the expansion element 120, there is cooled by expansion and introduced again by a valve 178 in the first heat exchanger. The middle circuit is closed.

Again the internal heat exchanger 128 It serves to increase performance. On the one hand, the middle heated, which must be heated further in compressor 113, it is heated in the internal heat exchanger 128 through the refluxing medium, flowing from the second heat exchanger 114 in the internal heat exchanger. On the other hand, this medium refluxing is cooled before cooling by expansion in the expansion element 120 through the medium flowing to the heat exchanger that has left the first exchanger 110 of heat

It can be seen that for an embodiment of a provision that allows both cooling operation as also other heating components are necessary additional. In this case it is especially the valves 170, 172, 176 and 178 that by suitable switching can perform a cooling circuit or a heating circuit. Other valves 170, 172, 176 and 178 are necessary. additional components, such as additional ducts, which leads to an additional weight gain and expense additional. Also through the highest number of ducts necessary and especially connections increases the predisposition to breakdowns and especially the propensity for leaks.

In the document published later EP 1 344 995 A1 describes an arrangement operated with CO2 as cooling medium of the type mentioned at the beginning, while EP 0 566 854 A2 already discloses a provision similar, in which however the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the compressor, the element of expansion and switching means form a primary circuit crossed by a cooling medium and a secondary circuit crossed by water.

Advantages of the invention

The invention is based on the arrangement according to the EP 0 566 854 A2 in which the first exchanger of heat, the second heat exchanger, the compressor, the element expansion and the module form a closed circuit through which CO 2 flows so that without the secondary circuit the first heat exchanger in heating operation can extract heat from the heat tank and in the operation of cooling can emit heat to the heat tank while the second heat exchanger in the operation of heating can emit heat in the space to be heated and in cooling operation you can extract heat from the space to be cooled. Thanks to the compact structural mode to consequence of the integration of the switching means in a module especially save duct lengths and fault-prone connections and the expense in the installation. Next to saving ducts, which lead the means of cooling can also be reduced due to the structure of module number and length of electrical connections.

When the switching means according to the invention comprise a first valve and a second valve with four ports in each case, an embodiment is possible especially compact of the invention, compared to the provision described in EP 1 344 955 A1, since it reduces the number of pressure taps and also favors a mode small structural

Preferably between the first exchanger of heat and the second heat exchanger is provided a internal heat exchanger An internal heat exchanger of this type serves to increase the performance of the arrangement of cooling or heating. In the case of the operation of cooling cools CO2 heated before expansion refluxing from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger, the CO2 being used for this purpose flows from the second heat exchanger to the compressor. The temperature of the flowing and refluxing medium is therefore prepared from advantageous way for the next process.

Preferably the invention is perfected. because in the case of the first valve a first port is connected to the first heat exchanger, a second port is connected to the expansion element, a third port is connected to the internal heat exchanger and a fourth port It is connected to the second heat exchanger. This way the conditions are created in the first valve to perform correctly switching a part of the middle circuit between the heating operation and the operation of refrigeration.

Also, the invention is perfected so advantageous because in the case of the second valve a first port is connected to the first heat exchanger, a second port is connected to the internal heat exchanger, a third port is connected to the compressor and a fourth port It is connected to the second heat exchanger. So, the second valve is in the situation of controlling the circuits necessary for heating operation as well as cooling operation

It is advantageous that in the operation of cooling the first and third ports of the first valve and the second and fourth ports of the first valve are connected each other and that in the cooling operation the first and the third port of the second valve and the second and fourth port of the second valve are connected to each other. Therefore it facilitates an adjustment of the valves that allows operation of cooling.

It is also advantageous that in the operation of heating the first and second port of the first valve and the third and fourth ports of the first valve are connected each other and that in the heating operation the first and the second port of the second valve and the third and fourth port of the second valve are connected to each other. In this way the medium is conducted through the system advantageously for the heating operation

It is especially useful that the means of switching at least partially can be operated by a common drive This reduces the number of components necessary.

In this context it can be especially advantageous that the switching means at least partially can  operated by a hydraulic or pneumatic drive, for example With the cooling medium. A hydraulic drive or Tire of this type can be fed directly or indirectly by a pressure difference of the cooling medium in the compressor. For this activation a magnetic valve is sufficient very small.

It is also useful that the module is integrated The internal heat exchanger. Through integration additional heat exchanger in addition to, for example, switching means an additional reduction of the structural size

For the same reason it can be useful as in the module is integrated expansion element. This has, between others, the advantage that again a reduction is achieved additional structural form that is accompanied by a shortening of the hydraulic tracks.

Especially useful is when the module is integrated compressor. Therefore this can lead to a reduction Additional installation.

In a useful way a collector can be integrated in the module In installations with collector the integration of this structural element can also support the advantages of the invention.

For the same reason it can be useful as in The module is integrated with an oil separator.

Also in a useful way it can be integrated into the module a hot gas bypass valve that can serve to defrost the air heat exchanger Exterior.

An additional mean of integration is facilitated within the scope of the invention because in the module they are integrated pressure sensors These can both serve to detect the high pressure as well as low pressure. Through integration of a control unit for all valves and the compressor in The module can reduce the cost of electrical installation Exterior.

It is especially advantageous when at least a part of the components that can be integrated into the module are They have a common pressure housing. Through a housing of common pressure of this type can increase the tightness of the module and with it the installation of air conditioning. Due to the using a common pressure housing materials can be used inside the pressure housing that could not be used before Due to the large pressure differences. This way you can conceive, for example, the use of synthetic materials. It is also possible to design pressure ducts with thinner wall thicknesses so that this can be saved additional weight

The invention shows its special advantages in the framework of an installation in which, as a means of the circuit of cooling or heating, CO2 is provided. These refrigeration systems of this type based on CO_ {2} will win importance in the future unequivocally given that a means of conventional cooling is replaced by a substance that is going to eliminate without problems, specifically CO_ {2}. Especially due to the possibilities of performance increase through a internal heat exchanger the invention is especially useful in relation to CO2 as a cooling medium or medium of heating.

Preferably the heat exchanger Internal is built with the microstructure technique. Especially in the case of CO2 as a cooling medium the concentration of the components in module 26 allows the use of components in the structure technique µ since the pressure losses due to this inside the module are small enough

Drawings

The invention is now explained by way of example in relation to the accompanying drawings by means of preferred embodiment.

In this regard it shows:

Figure 1, a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2, a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the invention in a mode modified operation,

Figure 3, a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the invention,

Figure 4, a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention,

Figure 5, a schematic representation of a first embodiment according to the state of the art,

Figure 6, a schematic representation of a second embodiment according to the state of the art.

Description of the embodiments

In the following description of the drawings the same or comparable components are indicated with the same numbers reference.

Figure 1 shows a representation schematic of an arrangement according to the invention for cooling or for warm up. The components of the layout that can switched are connected in the representation according to figure 1, in such a way that the installation is in operation of refrigeration. In a first heat exchanger 10, Enter a medium. In the heat exchanger a heat exchange between a heat tank 12 and the medium introduced in a way that heats 62 ambient air and the environment It cools in the opposite direction. The refrigerated medium leaves the heat exchanger 10 and then enters a module 26.

The processes that take place in module 26 are explained further below.

The medium leaves the module 36 in a refrigerated form and then enters a second heat exchanger 14. In this second heat exchanger enters then air ambient or circulating air so that a stream 74 of air cooled in heat exchanger 14 enters space 16 It will cool down. Condensate 66 originates in this regard. evaporated or heated medium due to air cooling ambient or circulating air 74 exits the second exchanger 14 of heat Next, the medium enters module 26. In this The medium module is heated and brought to a higher pressure. Of the module 26 comes out the compact and heated medium so that it It can be fed back to the first heat exchanger. He circuit is closed.

In module 26 several are integrated components that are fundamental to the operation of the installation. Module 26 comprises a first valve 22 with a first port 30, a second port 32, a third port 34 and a fourth port 36. Module 26 further comprises a second valve with a first port 38, a second port 40, a third port 42 and a fourth port 44. In addition, module 26 contains a compressor 18, an expansion element 20 and a heat exchanger 28 internal. In Figure 1, the first valve 22 and the second valve 24 are connected in such a way that the installation is in cooling operation. If the refrigerated medium in the first heat exchanger 10 now enters module 26 and then consequently in the first valve 22, then it arrives in first place to the first port 30. The first port 30 is connected to the third port 34. The third port 34 is connected to internal heat exchanger 28. The middle by both is conducted to the internal heat exchanger 28 whose function is described later. After leaving the middle of the internal heat exchanger 28 the medium enters an element 20 of expansion In this expansion element 20 the medium expands and therefore it cools. The medium that comes out of element 20 of expansion reaches the second port 32 of the valve 22 which is connected with the expansion element 20. The second port 32 is connected to the fourth port 36 of the first valve of such so that the medium directs to the fourth port 36. From there the medium exits module 26 and enters the second exchanger 14 of hot.

In the recirculation of the medium it also flows through module 26. The medium enters module 26 in which this one comes first to the fourth port 44 of the second valve. The fourth port 44 of the second valve 24 is connected to the second port 40 of the second valve 24. By consequently the medium is conducted to the second port 40 of the second valve 24 and from there to internal heat exchanger 28 which It is connected to the second port 40 of the second valve 24. After the passage of the internal heat exchanger, the medium of the internal heat exchanger 28 and reaches a compressor 18. In This compressor 18 the medium is heated and compressed. The exit of compressor is connected to the third port 42 of the second valve. In the present connection state the third port 42 is connected to the first port 38 of the second valve 24. By consequently the medium is directed from the third port 42 of the second valve 24 to the first port 38 of the second valve 24. The first port is connected to the first exchanger 10 of heat in such a way that the medium leaves module 26 and can reach to the first heat exchanger 10.

Especially in the operation of the installation with CO_ {2} as a cooling medium is accredited as useful to provide an internal heat exchanger 28. This internal heat exchanger 28 serves to increase performance. The medium flowing in the expansion element 20 is cooled by the recirculated medium. In the opposite direction the recirculated medium entering the compressor 18 is heated through of the flowing medium.

From Figure 1 it can be seen that in the module 26 only four pressure taps are necessary external, namely the first port 30 of the first valve 22 for connection with the first heat exchanger 10, the third port 36 of the first valve 22 for connection of the first valve 22 with the second heat exchanger 14. He first port 38 of the second valve 24 for the connection of the second valve 24 with the first heat exchanger 10 and the fourth port 44 of the second valve 24 for connection of the second valve 24 with the second heat exchanger 14. In in this sense considerable lengths of conduit are saved, in comparison with approximately the embodiment according to the Figure 6, which is explained in the framework of the description of the state of technique The installation cost is also reduced.

It can also be conceived that the compressor 18 does not is integrated in module 26. In such an arrangement the module 26 can be equipped with two additional pressure taps so which also entails a considerable reduction in the cost of hydraulic coupling In addition, the components may be also fully or partially integrated in a block. For this a compact representation of the module can be achieved. With that an embodiment can be more easily allowed compact

Figure 2 shows the installation according to Figure 1 in another connection state. The installation according to Figure 2 is in the heating operation. The cooling operation switching according to figure 1 the heating operation according to figure 2 is performed by switching the first valve 22 and the second valve 24. In the case of the first valve 22 the first port 30 it is connected to the second port 32. The third port 34 of the first valve 22 is connected to the fourth port 36 of the first valve 22. In the case of the second valve 24, the first port 38 is connected to the second port 40. The third port 42 is connected to the fourth port 44. If the medium now enters cold in the first heat exchanger 10, then it absorbs heat from heat tank 12 such that the air is cooled 62 environment. In this case, condensate or ice originates 68. After output of the first means of the first heat exchanger 10 the medium arrives in heated state to module 26. There it reaches the first port 38 of the second valve. The first port 38 is connected with the second port 40 that is connected to the exchanger 38 internal heat. Therefore the medium is directed to internal heat exchanger 28. After the passage of the medium through of the internal heat exchanger 28 the medium enters the compressor 18 and then reaches the third port 42 of the second valve 24. This third port 42 of the second valve 24 is connected to the fourth port 44 of the second valve 24 which It is connected to the second heat exchanger 14. By consequently the medium arrives from the compressor 18 in a heated state to the second heat exchanger 14. In this second exchanger 14 heat is heated ambient air or circulating air so that finally hot air can be emitted to a space 16 that has of warming up In this case the medium cools. The cooled medium it recirculates to module 26. There the medium first reaches the fourth port 36 of the first valve 22. The fourth port 36 of the first valve 22 is connected to the third port 34 of the first valve 22. This fourth port 34 is connected to the internal heat exchanger 28. Therefore the medium comes from second heat exchanger 14 to heat exchanger 28 internal. After the passage of the medium through the exchanger 28 of internal heat the medium enters the expansion element 20 in the It expands and cools. After the output of item 20 of expansion the medium reaches the second port 32 of the first valve. The second port 32 is connected to the first port 30 of the first valve 22 that is connected to the first heat exchanger 10. Therefore the medium comes from expansion element 20 in the refrigerated state through the second port 32 and the first port 30 of the first valve 22 to the first heat exchanger 10. The circuit is closed.

In turn the internal heat exchanger 28 also serves in the heating operation for the increase of performance what especially in an operation with CO2 as a medium should be especially preferred. The medium is heats before entering the compressor in the exchanger 28 of internal heat what takes place through interaction with the medium that refluxes from the second heat exchanger 14. At  opposite direction the refluxing medium cools before expansion in expansion element 20 through interaction With the medium that flows.

Switching between connection states according to figure 1 and figure 2 can take place rationally  in such a way that for the elements that will be switched to it time common drives can be used. This reduces the connection cost and also the weight of module 26 and therefore of the entire installation. It can be especially advantageous that for the activation of the valves a hydraulic drive is used  that is fed by the pressure difference in the compressor. For the activation of such a hydraulic system you can use a single or several very small magnetic valves. Also the device according to figures 1 and 2 can be perfected in such a way that high pressure pressure sensors are integrated and low pressure also in module 26.

A representation is shown in figure 3 Additional schematic of an arrangement according to the invention. This corresponds largely to the representation according to figure 2. In addition to figure 2 in module 26 an integrated manifold 46 that is arranged in the heating operation shown on the inlet side of heat exchanger 28 internal and is connected to the second port 40 of the first valve 24. The manifold 46 serves both for the storage of cooling medium as well as for fluid separation and gas that can enter module 26. An advantageous configuration is that all or some components of module 26 are integrated into a pressure vessel that serves as a manifold. Thanks to this, not only can structural space be saved but also especially the sealing of the components can be performed by means of the pressure vessel outwards. This facilitates considerably manufacturing the leaky module 26 minimum

Figure 4 shows another representation schematic of an arrangement according to the invention. This one presents in addition to the components according to figure 3 a valve 50 of hot gas bypass. This valve 50 connects the side of the input with the output side of the second exchanger 14 of hot. This valve 50 can also be integrated in the module 26. The installation is shown in a connection state for a defrosting operation with hot gas. Through the short circuit of heat exchanger 14 via valve 50 a large part of the fluid arrives from the expansion element 20 directly on valve 24. This is why almost no heat is transmitted in heat exchanger 14. System exhaust heat is It emits the fluid completely in the heat exchanger 10. By this can break or melt the ice that is in the Air side of this heat exchanger.

The above description of the examples of embodiment according to the present invention serves only for illustrate and not to limit the invention. In the scope of the invention different variations and modifications are possible without leave the environment of the invention, as defined in the attached claims.

Claims (20)

1. Willingness to cool or heat with - a first heat exchanger (10) for emit or extract heat in one or a heat tank (12), - a second heat exchanger (14) for extract or emit heat from one or an area (16) to be heated or to cool down, - a compressor (18), - an expansion element (20) and - means (22, 24) for switching between a cooling operation and heating operation which are integrated in a module (26), wherein the first heat exchanger (10) in the heating operation extracts heat from the heat tank (12) and in the cooling operation emits heat to the heat tank (12), while the second heat exchanger (14) of heat emits heat in the heating operation to the space (16) to be heated and extracts heat in the cooling operation of the space (16) to be cooled, and in which the first heat exchanger (10), the second heat exchanger (14), the compressor (18), the expansion element (20) and the means (22, 24) for switching form a closed heating or cooling closed circuit through which CO2 flows, characterized by because the switching means comprise a first valve (22) and a second valve (24) with four ports (30, 32, 34, 36; 38, 40, 42, 44) in each case. 2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that an internal heat exchanger (28) is provided between the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (14). 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that in the first valve (22) - a first port (30) is connected to the first heat exchanger (10), - a second port (32) is connected to the expansion element (20), - a third port (34) is connected to the internal heat exchanger (28) and - a fourth port (36) is connected to the second heat exchanger (14). 4. Arrangement according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that in the second valve (24) - a first port (38) is connected to the first heat exchanger (10), - a second port (40) is connected to the internal heat exchanger (28), - a third port (42) is connected to the compressor (18) and - a fourth port (44) is connected to the second heat exchanger (14). 5. Arrangement according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that, - in the cooling operation the first port (30) and the third port (34) of the first valve (22) and the second port (32) and the fourth port (36) of the first valve (22) are connected to each other and - in the cooling operation the first port (38) and the third port (42) of the second valve (24) and the second port (40) and the fourth port (44) of the second Valve (24) are connected to each other. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 3 and 4 or 5, characterized in that - in the heating operation the first port (30) and the second port (32) and the third port (34) and the fourth port (36) of the first valve (22) are connected between Yes, and - in the heating operation the first port (38) and the second port (40) of the second valve (24) and the third port (42) the fourth port (44) of the second valve (24) are connected to each other. 7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for switching (22, 24) can be operated at least partially by a common drive. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for switching (22, 24) can be operated at least partially by a hydraulic drive. 9. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the hydraulic drive is fed by the pressure difference before and after the compressor. 10. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims and claim 2, characterized in that the internal heat exchanger (28) is integrated in the module (26). 11. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the expansion element (20) is integrated in the module (26). 12. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the compressor (18) is integrated in the module (26). 13. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that a manifold is integrated in the module (26). 14. An arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an oil separator is integrated in the module (26). 15. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that a hot gas bypass valve (50) is integrated in the module (26). 16. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that pressure sensors are integrated in the module (26). 17. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the control of the valves is integrated in the module (26). 18. An arrangement according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that at least a part of the components that can be integrated into the module (26) are arranged in a common pressure housing. 19. Arrangement according to one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that at least a part of the components that can be integrated into the module (26) are arranged in a pressure housing designed as a manifold. 20. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims and claim 2, characterized in that the internal heat exchanger (28) is constructed using the microstructure technique.