ES2251152T3 - SPRAY TOWER AND METHOD OF USE OF THE SAME. - Google Patents

Abstract

THE PRESENT INVENTION DESCRIBES A TOWER, A TOWER ASSEMBLY AND A PROCEDURE TO USE THE SAME TO ATOMIZE A LIQUID CURRENT IN A SPRAY IN THE FORM OF A FLAT FAN. THE TOBER AND THE TOBERA ASSEMBLY ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL TO ATOMIZE A LOAD OF HYDROCARBON IN A "CRACKING" AREA OR CATALYTIC PIROLIZATION OF A CATALYTIC FLUID CRACKING PROCESS (FCC). THE TOWER INCLUDES A TOBERA POINT THAT HAS AT LEAST THREE BASICALLY PERPENDICULAR OPENINGS THAT EXTEND FROM THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE TOBER POINT TO THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE TOBER POINT. THE OPENINGS HAVE AN ANGLE UNDERSTANDED BETWEEN 0 DEGREES AND ABOUT 75 DEGREES. THE PRESENT INVENTION DESCRIBES ALSO A SET OF NOZZLES CONTAINING AT LEAST THREE NOZZLES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION, RADIALLY MOUNTED AROUND THE PERIMETER OF A ZONE THAT WILL BE SPRAYED.

Description

Spray nozzle and method of use Of the same.

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a nozzle assembly, and a method of using it to atomize a current liquid More particularly, this invention relates to an assembly of nozzle, and a method of using it to atomize a liquid stream in the presence of a dispersion medium for provide a fan-shaped spray of droplets of liquid. The nozzle assembly and its method of use they are particularly useful for radially injecting a stream which contains a hydrocarbon fed into an area of catalytic cracking of a catalytic cracking unit of fluid.

Background of the invention

Catalytic Fluid Cracking (FCC) of oil fractions is a fine refinery operation established. In the FCC, heavy hydrocarbon fractions (of one length greater than about 20 to about 30 atoms of carbon) are chemically decomposed into fractions of lighter hydrocarbons (shorter than about 12 to about 15 carbons), such as gasoline. The FCC unit usually comprises a reactor section connected to a section of regenerator through vertical pipes. The catalyst itself it is a finely divided solid and behaves like a fluid in the reactor, regenerator, and vertical connection pipes, hence the "fluid" catalyst designation.

In the operation of the FCC procedure, feeds a recent hydrocarbon, which may be preheated, it mix with a catalyst and experience cracking within the area of catalytic conversion of the reactor section. The area of catalytic conversion, in modern catalytic FCC units, is basically located in the elevator of the reactor section. For that the catalytic cracking takes place, the hydrocarbon fed (for example, oil) must be vaporized to allow the fed hydrocarbon diffuses into the pores of the catalyst (usually a zeolite) at cracking sites. The Catalytic cracking reaction generates coke that deposits on the catalyst to form a "coked" catalyst or "spent". Products leave the reactor in the steam phase and pass at least to a main fractionator or column of distillation for separation in the desired fractions. He spent catalyst continuously passes from the reactor to the regenerator by means of a vertical pipe of spent catalyst. At regenerative, coke becomes an exothermic reaction in gaseous products by contact with a gas containing oxygen. The combustion gases leave the regenerator through various recovery media, and the regenerated catalyst hot is recirculated in the reactor by means of a pipe vertical return catalyst in which it is collected again through a new hydrocarbon feed. Typically, the heat released in the regenerator is transported to the reactor by the regenerated catalyst to supply heat for the reactions of endothermic cracking. The catalyst cracking systems of Typical fluids are described in US Pat. No. 3,206,393, from Pohlenz, and 3,261,777, from Iscol et al.

Nozzles are used to inject the hydrocarbons fed, typically in the form of a spray of liquid, in the catalytic conversion zone of the elevator. For set up a spray typically the hydrocarbon fed is combined with a dispersion medium, such as steam of water, to form a dispersed hydrocarbon stream. One o'clock or more nozzles used to inject the hydrocarbon stream dispersed in the catalytic conversion zone, axial or radial mode. With axial nozzles, the coverage is achieved using one or more nozzles that extend in the elevator section of an FCC unit and ending at a set of points within the cross sectional area of the elevator. The axial nozzles are preferably orientate almost or perfectly vertical (preferably forming an angle of less than about 10º with the axis elevator vertical) to create a hydrocarbon stream fed which is preferably parallel to the catalyst upward. With radial nozzles, the covering is achieved using a plurality of nozzles that are mounted around the perimeter of The elevator wall. Preferably, the radial nozzles are They extend as little as possible inside the elevator itself. This orientation of the nozzles creates a circulation of the hydrocarbon fed that intersects with the catalyst upstream. The radial nozzles are preferably oriented with respect to the axis vertical of the elevator forming with this any smaller angle of about 10º (which points upwards forming around 90º with the horizontal plane). To provide cracking conditions Optimum catalytic nozzles with any orientation should collectively spray the hydrocarbon stream dispersed in a model that expands to cover the total area of the section transverse of the elevator through which cracking is carried out catalytic. An improved coating provides better feeding of the mixture of hydrocarbon and catalyst improving the reactions catalytic cracking that minimize cracking reactions thermal. Thermal cracking reactions produce non-products desired such as methane and ethane that lead to minors most valuable FCC product productions.

In addition, to the full coverage of the spraying, the nozzles must produce fine droplets of hydrocarbon feed that are preferably of size comparable with that of individual catalyst particles. Preferably hydrocarbon fed droplets have a mean diameter of Sauter (i.e. the diameter of a sphere that have the same volume to surface area ratio as the measured droplets) less than 100 micrometers (um). To the extent that droplet size decreases, the ratio of the area of the hydrocarbon drop surface fed with volume increases, which accelerates the heat transfer of the catalyst to the fed hydrocarbon and shortens the vaporization time of the powered hydrocarbon. Faster vaporization improves the production of catalytic cracking reaction products put that hydrocarbon fed as a vapor is able to diffuse in the pores of the catalyst. Conversely, any delay in the vaporization of the fed hydrocarbon, and / or mixing of the fed hydrocarbon and catalyst, leads to higher production of thermal cracking and coke products.

Most of the FCC nozzles used today, both radial and axial, they use high speeds (for example, of about more than 91.5 m / s) of the hydrocarbon stream dispersed to divide the fed hydrocarbon into small droplets and inject these droplets into the conversion zone catalytic However, high speeds can have effects undesirable For example, temperature profiles in commercial units that have radial injection show some times significantly lower temperatures along the axis central vertical in the area of catalytic conversion of the elevator. This temperature profile indicates that the catalyst and fed drops do not mix evenly through the area of the cross section of the elevator. Particularly, the droplets fed with coolant move towards the center of the elevator without exchanging a significant amount of momentum and heat with the catalyst. Therefore, a nozzle is necessary that can provide a proper division at a speed of dispersed hydrocarbon feed leading to mixing adequate of hydrocarbon fed droplets and catalyst.

Additionally, many FCC radial nozzles that are used today have bad coverage. This problem can be seen. when a nozzle that produces small droplets is installed, but it Note that production does not increase due to poor contact of the droplets with the catalyst.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,601,814, of Mauleon and others, (hereinafter referred to as "Mauleon") describes a high speed radially oriented nozzle for atomizing oils residuals in a catalytic cracking procedure. In a embodiment, the nozzle end is a unique opening in the form of horizontal restricted groove that creates a spray model in fan shape. Mauleon also describes that the nozzle end they can be two parallel grooves or two grooves that form 90º between yes. The discharge rate of atomized fed oil is high, exceeding 91 m / s and more preferably 152 m / s. Do not However, for the reasons stated above, a nozzle that Require high speeds may be ineffective.

Therefore, it is convenient to develop a nozzle that produces a spray of fine droplets of hydrocarbon liquid covering the entire cross section of the area of catalytic cracking without requiring high nozzle speeds.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides an assembly of nozzle as defined in claim 1.

In another claim of the present invention a procedure for atomizing a liquid stream is provided as defined in claim 16.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle assembly is used in a cracking unit Catalytic fluid to atomize the fed hydrocarbon.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows an extreme portion of a nozzle to be used in the present invention;

Figure 2A shows a view from one end of the nozzle tip in figure 1;

Figure 2B shows a sectional view of the nozzle in Figure 2A through A-A;

Figure 3A shows a view from one end of another embodiment of a nozzle to be used herein invention;

Figure 3B shows a sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 3A through B-B;

Figure 4 shows a sectional view of another realization of a nozzle to be used herein invention;

Figure 5 shows a view from one end of another embodiment of a nozzle to be used herein invention;

Figure 6 shows a side view of a nozzle to be used in the present invention which has a mixing device upstream of the nozzle tip for combine a liquid and the dispersion medium;

Figure 7A shows a nozzle assembly of the present invention used in the lifting section of a unit of FCC; Y

Figure 7B shows a plan view of the nozzle assembly of figure 7A.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention provides an assembly of nozzle that when it works in correct conditions produces a fan-shaped, flat spray of fine droplets of liquid. Another feature of the nozzle to be used in the present invention is that it is particularly useful for atomize a liquid stream that has a low velocity. By example, the nozzle to be used in the present invention, when it works in correct conditions, it is effective to atomize a liquid stream having a velocity of less than 91.5 m / s, and more preferably less than 61 m / s. However, the nozzle for be used in the present invention can also be used for atomize a stream of liquid that has a velocity of more than 91.5 m / s. The nozzle is preferably designed to feed a liquid hydrocarbon stream in the conversion zone catalytic of a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

The expression "liquid stream" as used in this memory, means any current that contains a liquid such as a hydrocarbon feed, to be atomized By "dispersion means" it is understood a fluid, typically a fluid containing gas such as steam from water, to be used to improve the atomization of the liquid. By "fine" is to be understood that the average Sauter diameter of the liquid droplets in the spray is preferably less than 300 micrometers (µm), more preferably less than 200 µm and most preferably less than 100 µm. By "way of flat fan "is to be understood that the relationship of the dimension horizontal to the vertical dimension of the spray, in any cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drum nozzle, is preferably larger than 4: 1, more preferably larger than 6: 1, and with the highest preference greater than 8: 1.

The nozzle to be used in the present invention includes a nozzle drum to receive a stream of liquid and the dispersion medium and a tip that has at least three openings substantially vertical. Referring to the figures, in which similar reference numbers refer to elements similar, figure 1 shows an embodiment of a nozzle for be used in the present invention and particularly shows the extreme portion of a nozzle 1. The extreme portion of the nozzle it has a drum 2 that is cylindrical in shape, a pointed end 6, an input end 3 opposite the tip end, and an axis longitudinal center 4. The end portion of the drum 2 receives a dispersed liquid stream 10 containing a mixture of a liquid stream to be atomized and a means of dispersion. The stream 10 of dispersed liquid is directed to a tip 14 of nozzle having a thickness 8 and at least three substantially vertical openings (not shown). The current of dispersed liquid is directed through the openings in the tip 14 nozzle

The openings in the nozzle tip are configured so that they produce a spray in the form of flat fan. Figure 2A shows a view from one end of the tip 14 of nozzle in figure 1 to show in greater detail the openings The nozzle tip 14 in Figure 2A has a line vertical central 20, and three rectangular openings 22: one central opening 46, located on the vertical center line 20 of the tip of the nozzle, and two first openings 48 displaced. Every opening 22 has a vertical centerline 21, located in the outer surface 40 of the nozzle tip 14, a length 24, extending parallel to the vertical center line 21 of the opening, and a width 26, located on the outer surface 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle, which extends perpendicularly to the line central 21 vertical opening. The openings 22 in Figure 2A are substantially vertical relative to the center line 20 of the tip of the nozzle By "substantially vertical" it must be understand that the vertical centerline 21 of the opening can form an angle Ph with the vertical centerline 20 of the tip nozzle between 0 (ie parallel and perfectly vertical) and around 30 degrees, more preferably from 0 to around 10 degrees, and most preferably from 0 to around of 5 degrees.

Each opening 22 is spaced a distance 23 of the central line 20 vertical nozzle tip measured between the vertical centerline 21 of the opening and centerline 20 vertical nozzle tip. The three openings 22 shown in the Figure 2A are preferably arranged symmetrically to through the nozzle tip so that the first openings 48 displaced are opposed, and spaced the same distance from the 20 central line of the nozzle tip.

A sectional view of the nozzle tip 14 in Figure 2A in section A-A is shown in the figure 2B. In Figure 2B, the openings are configured to produce a flat fan spray. Each opening 22 has opposite edges 27A, 27B, which extend along the length (not shown) of the opening 22 on the inner surface 38 of the tip 14 of the nozzle, and opposite edges 28A and 28B which extend along the length of the opening 22 in the outer surface 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle. The edges 27A and 28A are joined by the connecting surface 29A, and the edges 27B and 28B are joined by the connecting surface 29B. In the figure 2B, connection surfaces 29A and 29B are shown as parallel each other and without inclination in relation to the central longitudinal axis 4 of the nozzle drum 2.

Each opening also has a longitudinal axis central 32 configured by drawing a line from midpoint 36 of the opening 22 on the inner surface 38 of the tip 14 of nozzle to the midpoint 34 of the opening 22 on the surface outside 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle. In figure 2B, the axis longitudinal center for each of the openings forms an angle equal to 0 with the central longitudinal axis 4 of the nozzle drum. Particularly, the central longitudinal axes 32 of the first displaced openings 49 are parallel to the longitudinal axis central 4 of the nozzle drum and the central longitudinal axis (no shown) of opening 46 coincides with the central longitudinal axis 4 of the nozzle drum.

To increase the spray angle horizontal of the sprayer, preferably at least one, and more preferably at least two openings, are inclined with relation to the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum. The openings can be tilted by tilting surfaces (29A and 29B in Figure 2B) connection. The connection surface can be inclined in any way while the longitudinal axis center of each opening do not intersect the central longitudinal axis from any other opening downstream of the nozzle tip (it is that is, the central longitudinal axes of the openings remain separated downstream of the nozzle tip). For example, the connection surfaces can be parallel or non-parallel. Also, for example, a connection surface may be tilted while its opposite connection surface is not inclined relative to the central longitudinal axis of the drum nozzle. Preferably, the connection surfaces of a opening are parallel to each other.

To get the longitudinal axes central openings remain separated downstream of the nozzle tip, the connection surfaces are preferably inclined so that the angle formed by the longitudinal axes center of the openings and the central longitudinal axis of the drum nozzle is equal to, or greater than, that of an adjacent opening located closer to the vertical center line of the tip of nozzle. Preferably, the openings are inclined so that the horizontal spray angle of the sprayer is at least 60º, more preferably at least 90º, and with the maximum preference at least 120º.

A preferred nozzle to be used in the The present invention, which has at least two inclined openings, is shown in figures 3A and 3B. Figure 3A shows a view from one end of a nozzle tip 14 having three openings 22 perfectly vertical Figure 3B shows a sectional view of the nozzle tip 14 in figure 3A in the section B-B

In Fig. 3A, the central opening 46 is not inclined however, the first displaced openings 48 are inclined relative to the central longitudinal axis 4 of the drum nozzle. The angle of inclination of the first openings displaced 48 in Figure 3A is such that the opposite edges 27A and 27B extending the length 24 of the opening in the surface inside (not shown) of the nozzle tip 14 are located more near the vertical centerline 20 of the nozzle end that the corresponding opposing edges 28A and 28B, located in the outer surface 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle. The edges 27A and 27B that oppose the inner surface are connected to the edges 28A and 28B that oppose the outer surface of the tip 14 nozzle through connection surfaces 29A and 29B. Every opening also has a midpoint 34 on the surface outside 40 of the nozzle tip 14, and a midpoint 36 in the inner surface of the tip 14 of the nozzle. In the case of central opening 46, the midpoint 34 on the outer surface 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle corresponds to the midpoint (no shown) on the inner surface since the central opening 46 is not inclined.

The angle of inclination of the first Displaced openings 48 is best seen in Figure 3B. In the figure 3B, the connection surfaces 29A and 29B of the first openings 48 displaced extend through the thickness 8 of the tip 14 of nozzle for connecting opposite edges 27A and 27B on the surface inside 38 of the tip 14 of the nozzle to the edges 28A and 28B which oppose on the outer surface 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle. The opposing surfaces 29A and 29B inclined as shown in the Figure 3B are parallel to each other.

In Figure 3B, each opening also has a central longitudinal axis 32 formed by a line drawn between the midpoint 36 of the opening in the inner surface 38 of the tip 14 of nozzle and midpoint 34 of the opening in the outer surface 40 of the tip 14 of the nozzle. Longitudinal axis center (not shown) of the central opening 46 coincides with the axis central longitudinal 4 of the nozzle drum. Openings 48 displaced are inclined relative to the longitudinal axis center 4 of the nozzle drum forming an angle? 30. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 3B, the first displaced openings are tilted in opposite directions to increase the horizontal spray angle. Plus preferably, the first displaced openings are symmetrical because they are equally inclined in opposite directions.

Although the central opening 46 in Figure 3B does not is inclined, it is possible that the central opening forms an angle the ranging from 0 ° to about 15 °. A central opening inclined may be preferred if spraying is desired in a direction that separates from the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum, so that it creates a turbulent circulation in a catalytic cracking zone. With a central inclined opening, the angle? of the other openings will need to be adjusted to ensure that the central longitudinal axes of the openings do not intersect downstream of the nozzle tip. For example, it may not prefer to have the first openings displaced equally inclined in opposite directions if this causes the axes central longitudinal of the openings intersect.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle? between the central longitudinal axis 32 of each opening and the central longitudinal axis 4 of the drum of nozzle increases as the distance 23 of the opening of the Vertical centerline 20 of the inclined nozzle increases. An angle que that increases gradually is shown in Figure 4. The Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a nozzle tip 14 that It has 5 openings. Preferably, the increase in angle the is symmetric. For example, preferably, the first displaced openings 48 are also inclined in directions opposite to form an angle \ theta_ {1}, with the axis central longitudinal of the nozzle drum, and the second openings 50 displaced are also equally inclined in directions opposite to form an angle \ theta_ {2} with the axis longitudinal center of the nozzle drum, where \ theta_ {2} > \ theta_ {1}. Also, preferably, the central opening it has a central longitudinal axis (not shown) that matches the central longitudinal axis 4 of the nozzle drum 2 to form a angle \ theta_ {0} (not shown) equal to zero.

It is possible to have a nozzle tip with more than 5 openings, in which case additional openings will be called as displaced third parties, displaced quarters, etc. In such type of embodiment, preferably, the most displaced openings of the vertical center line of the nozzle tip will have the greatest angle the, the openings adjacent to the most displaced openings they will have the greatest angle siguiente next, and the angle the of the openings will continue to decrease as the distance 23 from the opening to the center line of the nozzle.

Preferably, the maximum value of de of any opening is from 0 ° to about 75 °, more preferably from 0º to around 60º, and with the highest preference from 0º to around 45º. Preferably, the inclined openings have an angle? between about 5 ° and about 75º, and more preferably between about 10º and around 60º. For any pair of adjacent openings the difference in angles (for example, \ theta_ {2} - \ theta_ {1}) is preferably less than about 30 °, and more preferably less than about 20º.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle tip has 5 openings, where the first and the second openings are inclined. Preferably, the central opening has an angle? of 0 °, the first displaced openings form an angle? of about 10 ° at around 30º, and the second displaced openings form a angle? from about 30 ° to about 60 °.

In addition to the inclination of the openings, the production of a flat fan droplet spray of liquid is improved by means of other design parameters of the openings Generally, the design of the openings will need take into account the desired mass flow rate of the liquid stream dispersed and the allowable pressure drop to direct the stream of liquid dispersed through the tip of the nozzle. By "pressure drop" is to be understood as the difference of pressure between the pressure of the liquid stream entering the nozzle (ie "feed side pressure") and the pressure of the medium in which the nozzle is discharged. The parameters of design to produce a fan-shaped spray include the number of openings, the spacing of the openings and the dimensions of the openings.

The number of openings in the nozzle tip is preferably design to be the maximum possible number in the nozzle tip, while leaving adequate distance between the openings to provide enough resistance to resist the force of the circulating dispersed liquid stream through the tip of the nozzle. Through that kind of configuration the total areas (that is, the total perimeter of the openings) to shear the liquid are maximized. The tip of nozzle has at least three openings, preferably around from 3 to about 10 openings, more preferably around from 3 to about 7 openings, and most preferably 5 openings The openings are preferably spaced from of the vertical centerline of the nozzle tip symmetrically of so that each opening is spaced a distance from the line vertical center of the nozzle tip, there is an opposite opening in the other side of the vertical centerline of the nozzle tip spaced an equal distance from the vertical centerline of the nozzle tip. More preferably, the openings are spaced so that an opening is located in the vertical centerline of the nozzle tip, and the remaining openings are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical center line of the tip nozzle to reach an odd number of openings on the tip nozzle In addition to the openings that are arranged symmetrically, it is preferred that the distance between any pair of adjacent openings measured between adjacent edges of the openings, through the outer surface of the nozzle tip, be about 0.2 to about 2.5 times the width of the openings The relationship of spacing between two openings adjacent (measured from center opening line to center line opening) to the opening width is preferably of about 1.2 to about 3.5, and more preferably of around 1.3 to about 2.2.

Regarding the dimensions of the openings, preferably the width of an opening is chosen to produce fine droplets of liquid and remain within the constants of system pressure drop. For example, generally, as that the width of the opening is reduced, the average size of the liquid droplets decreases. However, as the width of the opening decreases for a given number of openings, the fall of pressure increases. The ratio of the width of the opening, measured on the inside surface of the nozzle end, to the diameter inside of the nozzle drum is preferably about 0.01 to about 0.30, more preferably from about 0.05 to around 0.25 and most preferably around 0.075 to about 0.20.

The width of the opening is also varied preferably depending on the location of the opening in relation to the vertical center line of the nozzle tip to ensure a uniform fan distribution of the spray. There is several preferred embodiments. Figure 5 shows a preferred embodiment

Figure 5 shows an extreme view of a preferred nozzle tip 14 having five openings 22 in shape slot that are arranged symmetrically from the line vertical center 20 of the nozzle tip. The opening in the vertical centerline 20 of the nozzle tip is an opening central 46 and has a width w_ {0}. The openings at the shorter distance from the vertical centerline 20 of the tip of nozzle are the first 48 openings displaced and have a width, w_ {1}, and the openings farthest from the center line 20 vertical of the nozzle tip are the second openings 50 displaced and have a width w_ {2}, where all widths are measured on the inside surface (not shown) of the tip nozzle Also as shown in Figure 5, the first and second displaced openings are inclined similarly to the openings in figure 4.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the width of the openings decreases as its distance 23 from the vertical center line 20 of the nozzle tip increases. In in other words, the width of the opening decreases as it move out or move more from the center line 20 vertical nozzle tip. For example, the central opening 46 has the greatest width, the first displaced openings 48 have the next largest width, and the second displaced openings 50 have the smallest width (i.e. w_ {0}> w_ {1}> w_ {2}). Also, the widths of the openings are symmetrical of so that the first displaced openings have the same width and the displaced second openings have the same width. This configuration is especially preferable when a uniform liquid flow (i.e. mass flow rate per area of the cross section) across the total width of the spray.

In another preferred embodiment (not shown), the first displaced openings 48 have the greatest width, the central opening 46 has the next smallest width, and the second displaced openings 50 have the minimum width (i.e. w_ {1} > w_ {0}> w_ {2}). If you wish to have additional openings located on the nozzle, preferably the width of the openings that begin in the second displaced openings gradually decreases so that the most displaced openings they should have the smallest width (i.e. w_ {2}> w_ {3}> w_ {4}, etc.). That kind of configuration of the widths of opening is preferred when a greater flow of liquid is required in l central section of the spray. For example, that kind of configuration may be preferred when using multiple sprays that overlap.

In yet another preferred embodiment (not shown), the central opening has the smallest width, and the widths increase gradually increasing the distance of the opening to the line center of the nozzle (ie w_ {2}> w_ {1}> w_ {0}). This embodiment is preferably used when greater liquid flow at the outer edges of the spray than in center.

In all embodiments in which the width of the opening varies, preferably the maximum width of any opening is around 0.05 to around 0.30, and more preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.20 times the inside diameter of the nozzle drum. Preferably, the Minimum width of any opening is around 0.05 to around 0.20, and more preferably from about 0.075 to about 0.15 times the inside diameter of the drum of the nozzle.

Preferably, the length of the opening is choose to produce a spray that has an angle of vertical spraying of less than about 30º and so that operate within the pressure drop limitations of the nozzle. To form an opening vertically, the length is greater than the width. Preferably, the length ratio of the opening to the width of the opening is at least about 3: 1, more preferably at least 4: 1, and with the maximum preference of about 5: 1 to about 10: 1. Openings may vary in length depending on your distance to the line vertical center of the nozzle tip. For example, openings closer to the vertical center line of the nozzle tip may be longer to use the entire area of the nozzle tip and to minimize pressure drop. Preferably, all openings in the nozzle tip have the same length

The edges that limit the length and width of the opening in the inner and outer surfaces of the tip of nozzle are preferably sharp to shear the current of liquid dispersed in liquid droplets. By "acute" it has to understand that openings are machined to form edges sharp on the inner and outer surfaces of the tip of nozzle, preferably not rounding the edges. Also, the openings can be of various geometric shapes as long as the Length is greater than the width and produce a spray in Horizontal flat fan shape. Suitable geometric shapes include for example rectangles, grooves with rounded ends, elongated rhombic shapes and ellipses.

Although the embodiments shown in the figures 1 to 5 have nozzle tips that are flat, it is possible and in some cases it is preferable that the surface of the tip is concave out. A concave tip out has the advantage of increase the surface area on which they are placed multiple openings Likewise, a concave tip out can allow an area to be covered more evenly in a particular way or a distribution of desired liquid droplet sizes. The tip of nozzle can have different concave shapes out. By For example, the shape can be a uniform shape, such as a vault shallow or hemispherical, or it can be configured so uniform, such as composed of two or more flat surfaces that are found along vertical lines to form, for example, a folded disc.

The thickness of the nozzle tip is preferably the minimum thickness that resists the force of the dispersed liquid stream. Preferably, the ratio of nozzle tip thickness to the width of the opening plus small is equal to or less than about 2.0, more preferably equal to or less than 1.5, and most preferably equal to or less than around 1.0.

In addition to the formation of the nozzle with a duct configured cylindrically as shown in the Figures 1 to 5, other geometric shapes of the ducts For example, geometric shapes can be used rectangular, elliptical or polygonal.

The nozzle to be used in the present invention it also preferably has means to combine a liquid stream and a means of dispersion upstream of the nozzle tip to provide a stream of liquid dispersed evenly mixed. By "uniformly mixed" It is to be understood that the volumetric fractions referring to points of liquid and gas are reasonably constant throughout the cross section area of the nozzle. For example, the liquid stream can be distributed through the medium of dispersion in the form of ligaments, or large or small drops. Any suitable means to combine the dispersion medium and the liquid stream can be used as long as the stream of dispersed liquid mix evenly.

A preferred mixing device that can be used with the nozzle used in the present invention shown in figure 6. In figure 6, a nozzle 98 is shown which it has an initial atomizer 100, an expansion section 114 and a 2 nozzle drum. The initial atomizer 100 has a conduit primary 108 to receive a stream of dispersion medium 126 at through inlet 102, and a secondary conduit 106 to receive a stream 128 of liquid through inlet 120. The conduit primary is cylindrical and has a longitudinal axis 130 central that coincides with the central longitudinal axis of the duct secondary (not shown) and is aligned together with the shaft central longitudinal 4 of the nozzle drum. At least a portion of the secondary duct is located inside the primary duct to form an annular passage 132 for dispersion means 126 between the outer surface 135 of the secondary duct and the inner surface 137 of the primary duct. Preferably the inner diameter of the primary duct is around 1.1 to about 2.5 times the outer diameter of the duct secondary.

Liquid stream 128 and medium 126 of dispersion are mixed by directing the dispersion medium through deperforations 112 in the wall 134 of the secondary duct. The liquid stream 128 is vigorously mixed with the medium of dispersion as the liquid passes to outlet 124 of the initial atomizer 100 to form a dispersed liquid stream 116.

Perforations 112 in the secondary duct 106 are preferably drilled at right angles through the wall 134 of secondary duct. Also preferably, the 112 perforations are located less than 1.26 centimeters from the output 124 of initial atomizer. In a more preferred embodiment (not shown), there are two rows of holes 112, in which each row contains eight evenly distributed perforations around the perimeter of the wall 134 of secondary conduit. Yes it is desired the perforations 112 can be displaced downstream of the initial atomizer output 124, or supplemented with means additional to mix the dispersion medium 126 with the stream liquid, such as tubes located inside the duct secondary.

The dispersed liquid stream 116 of the outlet 124 is discharged in the expansion section 114. In the case of secondary and primary cylindrical ducts, the expansion section 114 preferably comprises an inverted, truncated conical section. Preferably the expansion section 114 has an inside diameter at the inlet 120 of the expansion section 114 that approximates or equals the inside diameter of the initial atomizer outlet 124. The diameter of the outlet 138 of the expansion section 114 is preferably approximately equal to the diameter of the nozzle drum 2 at the inlet end 3 of the nozzle drum. The wall 143 of the expansion section preferably forms an angle α with the wall 139 of the primary conduit 108 from about 5 ° to about 30 °, more preferably from about 10 ° to about 25 °, and most preferably about 15th. The expansion section may also comprise more complex geometries, such as those used in Venturi meters or carburetors, but such shapes are difficult to manufacture and more expensive.

Another preferred mixing device that can be used with the nozzle used in the present invention described in US Pat. No. 5,289,976 and 5,306,418, both of Dou and others, (hereinafter referred to as "Dou"). Dou describes a mixing device that is part of a nozzle. Dou describes a mixing device that has an initial atomizer and an expansion section similar to that described in Figure 6, and a sealing plug that is located within the section of expansion. In a preferred embodiment the mixing device in Dou it is used without the plug as shown in the figure 6.

In the mixing device in Figure 6 of Dou, the length 141 of the nozzle drum 2 between the outlet 138 of the expansion section and the nozzle tip 14 is sufficiently long to allow the dispersed liquid stream to decelerate completely within the largest cross section of the drum. Preferably, the length of the nozzle drum between the output of the expansion section and the nozzle tip is at less 1.5 times, and more preferably around 2.0 to about 4.0 times the inside diameter at the exit to the expansion section.

Other suitable mixing devices that they can be included inside the nozzle used here invention are for example spiral mixers, mixers paddles, static mixers, or combinations thereof. One o more mixing devices can be located externally to the nozzle so that the nozzle is fed with a current dispersed liquid Preferably, however, the device Mixing is included as part of the nozzle.

Depending on the mixing device chosen, the dispersed liquid stream approaching the nozzle tip It may have residual turbulent movement. Preferably this residual turbulent motion is removed before the current dispersed liquid reach the tip of the nozzle. For example, they can be installed straightening vanes downstream of the device mixing to eliminate any turbulent movement residual.

The nozzle, including the nozzle tip, can be constructed of any material that is capable of resisting temperatures, pressures and chemicals at which the nozzle will be exposed during the operation of a cracking unit FCC catalytic. For example, the nozzle tip will need to be constructed of materials that resist temperatures and friction of the catalyst inside the elevator of a unit of catalytic cracking of FCC.

In the process of the present invention, a dispersed liquid stream containing a stream of liquid and a dispersion medium, is directed through at least a portion of the nozzle used in the present invention and through the nozzle tip openings to produce a spray in fan shape. The liquid stream dispersed before reaching the tip of the nozzle mixes evenly. In one embodiment preferred, a liquid stream and a dispersion medium are combine inside the nozzle that uses a mixing device to form the dispersed liquid stream. As mentioned previously in this memory, any device can be used mixing provided that the dispersed liquid stream is mixed evenly before reaching the nozzle tip. Preferably, the mixing device contains an atomization zone and a expansion section as shown in figure 6.

The proportion of dispersion medium in the liquid stream coming out of the nozzle is adjusted to provide proper atomization of the liquid stream. The amount of dispersion medium based on the total weight of the liquid stream coming out of the nozzle is preferably about 0.5 per percent by weight to about 5.0 percent by weight, and more preferably from about 1.0 percent by weight to about 3.5 percent by weight.

The liquid stream useful in the process of the present invention is any stream containing a liquid That is atomized. The liquid stream may also contain optionally additives such as surfactants to improve atomization Preferably, the liquid stream contains the minus 80 percent by weight, and more preferably at least 90 weight percent of liquid.

In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the liquid stream is a hydrocarbon fed that has to be cracked catalytically. Hydrocarbon fed can be any of the feed materials ordinarily treated in a catalytic cracking unit of commercial fluids Preferably the hydrocarbon fed to be used boils at a temperature of at least 204ºC and more preferably between about 204 ° C and about 538 ° C. Such fed hydrocarbon includes for example diesel virgins, cyclic diesel, reduced crude and residual.

The dispersion medium can be any stream containing gas that is effective in dispersing the liquid stream Preferably, the dispersion medium contains at least 75 percent by weight and more preferably around from 90 to 100 percent by weight of gas based on the total weight of the dispersion medium The dispersion medium can be for example water vapor, air, fuel gas, butane, naphtha, others gaseous hydrocarbons, nitrogen, or inert gases such as argon or helium, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the means of dispersion is water vapor.

The nozzle used in the present invention is preferably used in a nozzle assembly containing at least three, and more preferably from about 6 to about 8 nozzles The nozzles in the nozzle assembly are mounted so preferably radial around the perimeter of an area of the cross section to be sprayed. Also the nozzles they are preferably distributed at equal angular intervals around the periphery of the cross sectional area that has if sprayed In a preferred embodiment, the nozzles are mounted so that the spray from each nozzle overlaps and intersects with the sprays of one or more of the other nozzles More preferably, the nozzles are mounted so that the spraying of each nozzle overlaps the spraying of the nozzle adjacent to it and intersects the sprays of the nozzles opposite.

The nozzle assembly of the present invention It can be used in any application where you want to atomize a liquid with a flat fan spray. By For example, the nozzle used in the present invention can be used to inject liquid reagents into various types of vessels reaction, dispersing a liquid additive over a large area (such as a defoaming chemical compound on a layer of foam), spray coolant in a gas phase, or provide water spray for fire purposes. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the assembly of nozzles are used to atomize a hydrocarbon fed into a catalytic cracking unit. Preferably the nozzle that is used in the present invention it is used to spray the feed of hydrocarbons in a catalytic conversion zone or a reactor of bed of dense fluid. Most preferably, the nozzles are used to spray the hydrocarbon fed into an area of catalytic conversion of elevator.

A preferred configuration for a mounting of nozzles of the present invention are shown in Figures 7A and 7B. Figure 7A shows a nozzle assembly 232 of the present invention that is secured to elevator section 200 of a reactor 190 of FCC. The nozzles 234 point slightly upwards inside of elevator 200 forming an angle β. The angle? Is defined as the angle between the vertical longitudinal axis 228 of the elevator and the central longitudinal axis 4 of the nozzle drum. Preferably, the angle? Measures from about 10 ° to around 90º, more preferably from around 10º to around 80º, and with the maximum preference of around 10º to around 45º.

The vertical distance 240 from the nozzle 234 to 245 regenerated catalyst transfer pipe is chosen so that it allows the fluidized catalyst stream establish a reasonably uniform velocity profile through of the cross section of the elevator after passing around of the sharp fold at the base of the elevator. The vertical distance 240 it is preferably at least about 1.0 to about 1.5 times, and more preferably at least about 2.0 to about 4.0 times the inside diameter of the elevator. The vertical distance 240, as shown in figure 7A is measured from the central longitudinal axis 4 of the nozzle drum 2 to the axis central longitudinal 247 of the transfer pipe 245 regenerated catalyst in inner wall 220 of elevator 200. The nozzle assembly of the present invention can also be used in an elevator that does not have sharp curves in which the catalyst that approaches on the contrary crosses the folds gently curved to reach the feed injection zone with hydrocarbons.

Figure 7B shows a plan view of the nozzle assembly 232 as seen looking down vertically In the elevator. As shown in Figure 7B, assembly 232 of nozzle contains 6 radially mounted nozzles 234, which have each one five openings per nozzle 234. Each nozzle extends preferably at least a radial distance in the elevator 222 chosen just large enough to ensure that the complete nozzle tip is located inside the inner wall Elevator 220 despite the angle? Of inclination. The nozzles 234 are oriented so that the lengths of the openings (not shown) in the nozzle tips are substantially vertical relative to the longitudinal longitudinal axis 228 of elevator. As described above, the orientation of the openings in the tip of the nozzle causes a spray in the form of horizontal fan. It is not expected that such guidance from the openings cause a flat fan-shaped spray, considering that in the past, an opening that was horizontal in relation to the longitudinal axis of elevator has generally been used to create a flat spray. Although it is not intended in in any way be limited by theory, openings are considered substantially vertical produce a horizontal spray flat, not because of the shape, but by means of the shear created to measure that the liquid stream passes through the vertical edges of the opening on the inner and outer surfaces of the tip of nozzle.

The nozzles in Figure 7B are spaced around the perimeter of the elevator so that each nozzle produces a spray 246 that intersects the sprays of the two adjacent nozzles. Through that type of configuration, the cells 248 individual mixing are set to improve the cross mixing of the fed hydrocarbons and the solid catalyst As can be seen in Figure 7B, each nozzle is oriented so that the liquid stream sprayed from the central groove it is directed radially inwards inside the elevator while the liquid stream sprayed since the first and second offset slots is directed out from the center inside the elevator. Having both sprays centered and off-center of each nozzle the result of a spray that "traverses the elevator" complete to maximize the interface area for the contact of the solid catalyst with the hydrocarbon fed.

In addition to radially mounted nozzles, it is possible to mount the nozzles axially, however, this is not prefers, since fan-shaped sprays are more effective to cover the cross-sectional area of the elevator when downloaded radially.

Examples

The nozzle used in the present invention was tested to determine its effectiveness in the production of a fan-shaped spray of fine liquid droplets. A nozzle that had an inside diameter of 15.25 centimeters in the tip and similar to the nozzle of figure 4 was tested with Different nozzle tips. The nozzle was built of tube acrylic turning. Alternative nozzle tips that varied from shape, number of openings, orientation of openings and size of the openings were manufactured from PVC pipe covers standard threads, flat metal discs, or discs Lexan® The disks were held in place at the perimeter of the tip of the nozzle by means of a threaded PVC collar.

Water and air were used to simulate the atomized from a mixture of hydrocarbons fed (such as liquid stream) and steam (as the dispersion medium) in a FCC unit. Water and air regimes were chosen to reproduce exactly the circulation behavior of the true mixture of two phases of steam and hydrocarbon fed adapting appropriate mechanical fluid groups. Was supplied air to the nozzle at an inlet pressure of approximately 3.5 Kg / cm2 after being cooled to room temperature of -12 ° C by means of a fin fan after the refrigerator. It was water supplied to the nozzle at the surrounding room temperature from 15.5 ° C and pressure from 1.41 kg / cm 2 to 2.11 kg / cm 2.

The nozzle assembly was connected horizontally to a steel support and kept stationary against the push back using concrete weights to Discharge a spray horizontally. Static pressure was monitored in various places along the length of the nozzle.

The pressure drop of the liquid stream scattered out of the nozzle was measured using a System of Model 700 Spray Analysis provided by Greenfield Instruments, Inc. The analyzer was located 81 cm from the tip of nozzle to ensure the balance of the formation of drops before of sampling the spray and at a distance radial on a large FCC elevator. The analyzer worked capturing images of the instant droplet population that They were then quantified by a computer in terms of pixels. The volume and surface area were then calculated for the droplets by the software to determine an average diameter of Sauter (that is, the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume to surface area ratio that the population of full droplets).

In each experiment, the nozzle tip that is rehearsed made sure about the nozzle and the air and water regimes were adjusted to simulate a mixture of 12,500 barrels per day of nozzle-fed hydrocarbon and 3.2 percent by weight of steam of water based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fed. One time achieved stable conditions, the pressures were recorded along the length of the nozzle and the spray model. Also, the drop size of the dispersed liquid stream coming out of the nozzle. After the collection of data on the drops, the pressure profile and flow rates to ensure there was no significant variation

The dimensions of the various nozzle tips tested are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the openings of the nozzle tips were grooved and arranged to from the center line of the nozzle. The thickness of the tips of nozzle tested was 0.95 cm to 1.27 cm.

TABLE 1 Nozzle Tip Dimensions

1 Nº / \ hskip1cm2 3 4 5 6 7 Exs. Orien Abert Opening Angle Width (in.) Long. Tip Separation (in.) \ Phi_ {0} \ Phi_ {1} \ Phi_ {2} W_ {0} W_ {1} W_ {2} S_ {1} S_ {2} C1 1 HOUR 0 - - 2 - - 4  \ 3/4 top - - C2 3 / H 0 22.5 - 3/4 3/4 - 4  \ 3/4 top 1/2 - 3 5 / V 0 0 0 5/8 5/8 5/8 3 disk 7/16 7/16 4 5 / V 0 0 0 3/4 5/8 1/2 3   1/8 disk 7/16 7/16 5 5 / V 0 0 0 3/4 5/8 1/2 3  1/8 disk 7/16 7/16 6 5 / V 0 30 Four. Five 3/8 1/2 5/8 2 top 19/32 19/32 7 4 / V - fifteen 30 - 3/4 3/4 3  5/8 top 1/2 1/2 8 5 / V 0 fifteen 30 5/8 5/8 5/8 3  1/8 disk 7/16 7/16 9 5 / V 0 fifteen 30 3/4 5/8 1/2 3  1/8 disk 7/16 7/16 10 5 / V 0 fifteen 30 5/8 19/32 17/32 3  1/8 disk 7/16 29/64 eleven 5 / V 0 fifteen 30 5/8 37/64 29/64 3  \ 3/8 disk 7/16 29/64 1 Examples, C1 and C2 are comparative. ^ {2} \ begin {minipage} [t] {155mm} H indicates that the openings are oriented horizontally, and V indicates that the openings are oriented vertically, with respect to the line center of the nozzle. \ end {minipage} ^ {3} \ begin {minipage} [t] {155mm} The angle \ Phi is the angle between the longitudinal central axis of the opening and the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum. He angle \ Phi_ {0} is the angle of the opening located above the line center of the nozzle, \ Phi_ {1} is the angle of the first displaced openings, and \ Phi_ {2} is the angle of the second displaced openings \ end {minipage} ^ {4} \ begin {minipage} [t] {155mm} The width is the shortest dimension of the opening. For openings vertical, the width extends perpendicular to the line vertical center of the nozzle tip, and for openings horizontal, the width extends parallel to the center line vertical nozzle tip. W_ {0} is the width of the opening located on the center line of the nozzle, W_ {1} is the width of the first displaced openings, and W_ {2} is the width of the second displaced openings. \ end {minipage} ^ {5} \ begin {minipage} [t] {155mm} Length is the longer dimension of the openings. For vertical openings, the length extends parallel to the vertical centerline of the nozzle tip, and for horizontal openings, the length is extends perpendicular to the vertical centerline of the tip of nozzle. \ end {minipage} ^ {6} \ begin {minipage} [t] {155mm} Shape of the nozzle tip. A lid is domed, concave out. A disk is flat and perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum. \ end {minipage} ^ {7} \ begin {minipage} [t] {155mm} The separation is the distance from edge to edge between openings adjacent, measured along the outer surface of the tip. S_ {1} is the distance between the center and the first opening displaced, or if a central opening is not present, S_ {1} is the distance between the first two displaced openings. S_ {2} is the distance between the first and second openings displaced \ end {minipage}

The results of the nozzle tips tested are shown in Table 2. As can be seen in examples 3 to 11 in Table 2, the nozzle of the present invention is effective in the atomization of a stream of liquid in a spray in fan shape of fine liquid droplets. In comparison, the horizontally oriented openings (Comparative Examples C1 and C2) caused a spray that had larger droplets and a smaller horizontal spray angle. Additionally, the single horizontally oriented opening (Comparative Example C1) originated a rounded spray, while the nozzle sprays in examples 3 to 11 were relatively flat and fan-shaped. In examples 3 to 5, all openings in the nozzle tip had an angle? between the central longitudinal axis of the opening and the axis longitudinal center of the nozzle drum equal to zero. The examples 6 to 11, compared to examples 3 to 5, had an angle the that gradually increased from the openings as the distance from the opening to the vertical line of the inclined nozzle It increased. The results of examples 6 to 11, compared to Examples 3 to 5 show that the spray angle horizontal can be increased by increasing the angle? of the opening as the distance from the opening to the line vertical center of the inclined nozzle increases.

TABLE 2 Effectiveness of the Nozzle Tip

Example ΔP (Kg / cm2) \ hskip0.3cm8 Size of Drop \ hskip0.3cm9 Horizontal Spray Angle (º) \ hskip0.3cm <10> C1 1.80 900 30 C2 1.70 820 40 3 1.86 690 65 4 1.48 680 65 5 1.31 670 65 6 2.52 640 95 7 1.84 720 80 8 1.48 590 95 9 1.50 580 100 10 1.89 580 100 eleven 1.72 560 105 ^ {8} \ hskip0,14cm \ begin {minipage} [t] {145mm} The pressure drop is the static pressure of the liquid stream measured at the inlet of the secondary duct in figure 6 when the nozzle is discharged At atmospheric pressure \ end {minipage} ^ 9 \ hskip0.14cm Droplet size of average diameter of Sauter. ^ {10} \ begin {minipage} [t] {145mm} Angle subtended by spraying in a horizontal plane containing the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum. \ end {minipage}

Although the present invention has been described above with respect to particular preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that can be performed numerous modifications and variations in the designs. The descriptions provided have illustrative purposes and not are intended to limit the invention defined in the attached claims.

Claims (18)

1. A assembly (232) of nozzles to atomize a liquid stream comprising at least 3 nozzles (234), which are mounted radially around a perimeter of an area to be be sprayed, the nozzle assembly having a longitudinal axis vertical, in which each nozzle comprises: (a) a nozzle drum (2) to receive a liquid stream and a dispersion medium, which has an axis (4) longitudinal center, one end (3) of entry, and one end (6) of tip; (b) a tip (14) connected to the end (6) of tip of the nozzle drum and having a vertical centerline (20), an inner surface (38), and an outer surface (40); Y (c) at least three openings (22) that extend through the inner surface of the tip to the outer surface of the tip and that are substantially vertical relative to the longitudinal axis and the nozzle assemblies, each opening having a length (24) and a width (26), in which the length of the opening is greater than the width; each opening also having a first midpoint (36) on the inner surface of the tip, and a second midpoint (34) on the outer surface of the tip, and a central longitudinal axis (32) formed by a line that intersects the first and second midpoints, and in which the angle formado, formed between the central longitudinal axis of each opening and the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum, is 0 to about 75 degrees
two. 2. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the central longitudinal axes of the openings they remain separated downstream of the nozzle tip. 3. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which at least two of the openings have an angle? greater than 0. 4. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the angle? of the openings increases as increases the separation of the openings of the vertical center line of the tip. 5. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the tip has about 3 to about 10 openings 6. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the tip has five openings. 7. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the openings are shaped like grooves. 8. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the ratio of length to width of the openings is of around 3: 1 to around 10: 1. 9. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the width of the openings decreases as the separation of the openings of the vertical center line of the tip increases, or the width of the openings increases as the separation of the openings of the vertical center line of the tip increases 10. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which an opening is located on the vertical center line of the tip and the remaining openings are arranged symmetrically from the center line of the tip. 11. The nozzle assembly of the claim 10, in which the first displaced openings of the central line Vertical tip have the greatest width and central opening It has the next largest width. 12. The nozzle assembly of the claim 11, in which the nozzle has at least 5 openings and openings remaining beyond the first displaced openings decrease in width as the separation of the openings of the vertical center line of the tip increases. 13. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, in which the tip has the shape of a flat disk or has a concave way out. 14. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, wherein the nozzle further comprises a mixing device, in which the mixing device comprises: (i) an initial atomizer (100) that has a primary conduit (108) for receiving a dispersion means and a secondary conduit (106) to receive a liquid stream; at that the primary duct has a central longitudinal axis (130) that is co-aligned with the central longitudinal axis (4) of the drum of nozzle, an inner surface (137), and an inlet, in which the secondary duct has a central longitudinal axis aligned with the central longitudinal axis of nozzle drum, a surface exterior (135), an input end (124) and a plurality of radially distributed perforations (112), drilled through of the secondary conduit to direct the dispersion means in the secondary duct; and in which at least a portion of the duct secondary is positioned within the primary duct to form at least one passage (132) between the outer surface of the duct secondary and the inner surface of the primary duct for the dispersion medium; Y (ii) an expansion section (114) that has a input end (120) and an output end (138), and gradually increases the cross-sectional area from the input end to the output end, at which the end of expansion section input is connected to the end of outlet of the secondary duct and the outlet end of the section expansion is connected to the input end of the drum nozzle. 15. The nozzle assembly of the claim 14, in which the assembly comprises at least 6 nozzles and is mounted in an elevator (200) of a catalytic cracking unit (190) of fluid. 16. A procedure to atomize a current liquid comprising: (a) combine a liquid stream and a medium of dispersion to form a dispersed liquid stream; (b) feed the dispersed liquid stream to through a portion of at least one nozzle (1) having a drum (2) nozzle, in which the nozzle drum has an axis longitudinal 4, one end (3) of entry and one end (6) of tip; (c) direct a liquid stream through a tip (14) connected to a tip end of the nozzle drum, in which the tip has a vertical centerline (20), a inner surface (38), an outer surface (40), and at least three openings (22) that extend across the surface inside the tip to the outside surface of the tip and that, in use, they are substantially vertical, each opening having a length (24) and a width (26), in which the length of the opening is greater than width; each opening also having a first midpoint (36), on the inner surface of the tip, and a second midpoint (34) on the outer surface of the tip, and a longitudinal central axis (32), formed by a line that intersects the first and second midpoints, and in which a angle? formed between the central longitudinal axis of each opening and the central longitudinal axis of the nozzle drum, measures from 0 to about 75 degrees; Y (d) direct the dispersed liquid stream to through the openings of the tip leg form a spray in flat fan shape. 17. The method of claim 16, in which at least two of the openings have an angle? greater than 0. 18. The method of claim 16, which it also includes the operation of feeding the liquid stream and the dispersion medium separately in the nozzle and in which the liquid stream and dispersion medium are combined within the nozzle.