ES1217974U - Cloud seeding system through the use of hoses (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Cloud seeding system by using hoses, arranged vertically from the earth's surface and through which it is injected into the proposed cloud or rain zone, nucleating, alone or dissolved in a fluid, which act on the water liquid supercooled, the particles of ice or water vapor, melting or condensing them to cause rain, characterized because it comprises: a) Hoses arranged erect from the earth's surface and through which the cloud-forming products are injected; b) Nucleating elements constituted by micro or cloud-forming nanoparticles; c) Some devices erectors and levitadores of the hoses; d) Stabilizing devices of the hoses that keep them upright; e) Some devices, drones, which are used to levitate, erect, stabilize, direct or direct the upper end of the hoses; f) Heating devices for the hoses; g) Electrical power systems through the use of alternative energies; h) A cable or device discharging static current to ground and i) Drones with cameras that send data from the clouds or planting zones to the ground. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Cloud seeding system through the use of hoses.

Field of the Invention

In agriculture and human consumption, in dry, desert or dry areas and in the mountains to produce snow.

State of the art

The industrial advance and the increasing increase of the population, has caused the increase of the CO2, the loss of part of the ozone layer and with it the global warming and multiple and destabilizing consequences, reducing the rains and the water in general. In addition to that due to desert areas. The current solutions are desalination plants, which are expensive and also the water produced, 1 m3 of water from a desalination plant costs $ 60, while the same cubic meter of water obtained from cloud seeding costs $ 1. The water from desalination plants, in addition to not being sufficient, is not of quality because it is devoid of salts. With the present invention rain or snow water can be obtained which is of better quality and of low cost.

Description of the invention

Object of the invention and advantages

Provide a simple, high-performance, economical and practical system capable of producing large quantities of quality water in dry areas or in times of drought.

Provide a system with little maintenance, which does not pollute, that produces water using economic products and alternative energy.

Avoid the use of airplanes or rockets to send cloud-forming products. More complex, expensive, dangerous and polluting systems.

Mainly use economic products, in a simple and economical way.

It allows to apply the products with precision.

Being able to generate rain in desert areas, considerably increasing vegetation and thereby protecting the environment and avoiding climate change.

Be able to generate snow in the mountains.

Problem to solve

The lack of water or its reduction due to climatic changes and the increase in population and industry.

The two most important methods for causing rain are: dynamic and static. It is called dynamic, because after treating the cloud system, it presents a marked increase in its vertical development. The static method only increases the efficiency of the cloud (efficiency to produce raindrops) without altering its development.

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The dynamic method is helped by an airplane, a silver iodide (Agl) cartridge, which can be 10 or 20 grams. The shot is made within the updraft, which is responsible for spreading it throughout the cloud, generating millions of ice crystals that contribute to precipitation.

The static method is carried out by two methods: one by means of fixed burners on the ground (Agl burners); the other, with the help of an airplane, from which “flares are burned,” which contain 70 grams of silver iodide.

The burner system on land is preferably used on the slopes of the mountains taking advantage of the updrafts that serve as a vehicle for the feathers of silver iodide smoke, to reach the clouds that crown the mountain. The other system is carried out in the thick layers of strata, within which the plane flies in the opposite direction to the wind, burning a flare, which lasts on for 20 minutes.

These methods are performed in two types of clouds: hot and cold. In cold clouds the temperature is less than 0 ° C, the water does not freeze, but it is “supercooled”, while hot clouds do not have ice crystals, or their development does not reach the level of 0 ° C .

For silver iodide to act as a nucleate, the temperature must be between -4 ° C and -10 ° C, so cold clouds are chosen to treat them with this method.

In addition to lAg, there are other nucleants, such as common salt, dry ice and lead salts, among others. Dry ice is used to sow hot clouds.

The Agl, is carried in cartridges of 10 or 20 grams, or in 24 flares of 70 grams and each of them serves to treat a system. Instead, the order of tons of dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) is required to sow a single cloud system, which makes this method very versatile and very expensive.

Nucleants are solid particles, whose radii measure from 10-8 to 10-2 cm. They are called nucleating because on their surface vapor drops are added and they form a cloud drop. It takes about eight million cloud droplets to form a raindrop, which can measure 5 mm; with this size the force of gravity acts on them and precipitation occurs. All from a core.

The natural nuclei can be salt crystals from seas or oceans, or very fine clays such as kaolin, which by its fineness is easily dragged and transported by the rising currents of hot air.

In order for a nucleant to be effective, it must be hygroscopic or wettable, a necessary condition for it to act as a nucleating of rain drops.

The nucleant is a "decoy", the cloud needs the presence of cloud drops, which cannot be done artificially, but the cloud when registering some nuclei within it, does not know if they are natural or not, and begins to reproduce them until saturate, at which time precipitation occurs. When a cluster is treated in the system, the cloud reproduces the nuclei itself (these are ice) quickly and their size increases in a few minutes.

Overcooled water in the sky needs particles such as dust or salt (with an ice crystal structure) so that it can condense and subsequently fall as rain, but they can often be lacking in the atmosphere. Sowing in the cloud triggers this process.

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The method was discovered in 1946 by Dr. Vincent Schaefer, who was conducting an experiment in a fog chamber, which contained a supercooled liquid cloud as part of his research to create artificial clouds. When deciding that the chamber was too hot, Schaefer placed dry ice inside and watched as the water vapor formed a cloud around him, subsequently, and accidentally, discovering cloud seeding.

Then Schaefer and his colleague, Bernard Vonnegut, discovered that silver iodide, which is structurally similar to ice, also did the same job. Cloud seeding also uses propane, magnesium, dry ice (CO2), sodium chloride, potassium chloride and other salts.

It has been proven that chemicals planted in the cloud, such as silver iodide, have no negative impacts on the environment at the small concentrations used.

Desalination is a process that requires 10 times more energy than surface freshwater treatment.

They are intended to increase natural precipitation, but at no time does it “rain artificially”. The work consists of depositing chemical elements called nucleants within the already formed and growing cloud, and that is called “sowing”, but not to produce clouds, but to facilitate the formation of raindrops within the cloud and propitiate the precipitation. The precipitation of the cloud is observed 35 minutes after depositing the nucleant.

In China, about 50,000 million cubic meters of rain are produced every year by unnatural means. They announced that they intend to achieve more than 60,000 million cubic meters of additional water each year by 2020.

The cloud seeding system through the use of hoses, arranged upright or vertical from the earth's surface and through which it is injected into the cloud or area proposed for rain, nucleants constituted by micro or nanoparticles, which act on liquid water supercooled, ice particles or water vapor melting or condensing them until rain.

Cloud seeding requires that they contain supercooled liquid water. Silver iodide, has a crystalline structure similar to that of ice, induces freezing through the nucleation of ice crystals.

Dry ice or propane as it expands cools the air to such an extent that ice crystals spontaneously nucleate from the vapor phase. Unlike sowing with silver iodide, this nucleation does not require existing drops or particles, since very high supersaturation occurs near the sowing substance. However, existing water droplets are necessary for ice crystals to become particles large enough to generate precipitation.

The expansion of liquid propane in gas has also been used and can produce ice crystals at warmer temperatures than silver iodide. Hygroscopic materials, such as salt, are also used.

At medium latitudes, the equilibrium vapor pressure is lower on ice than on water. When ice particles form in supercooled clouds, they can grow at the expense of liquid droplets. If there is sufficient growth, the particles become heavy enough to fall in the form of snow (or, if they merge, in the form of rain). This process is known as "static seeding."

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Planting in convective clouds of warm or tropical season (cumulonimbus) tries to take advantage of the latent heat released by freezing. This “dynamic” planting strategy assumes that additional latent heat adds buoyancy, strengthens air currents, guarantees lower convergence, and ultimately causes the rapid growth of properly selected clouds.

The fine particles are dispersed in the direction of the wind and upwards, by ascending air currents.

Silver iodide can cause temporary disability or possible residual damage to humans and mammals, with intense or continuous exposure, but not chronic damage. However, there have been several detailed ecological studies that showed an insignificant impact on the environment and health. However, if you want to use it continuously, it can be counterproductive. Preferably use other products. Dry ice, liquid propane, powder (obtained from pulverized sand), talc and common salt and other chlorides, iodides, etc.

By adding a piece of dry ice to the supercooled water, ice crystals are obtained.

Dry ice and silver iodide are effective agents in changing the chemistry and physics of supercooled clouds, therefore useful to increase winter snowfall in the mountains and under certain conditions, avoid lightning and hail.

Hygroscopic sowing is used to improve the rains in hot clouds. The most commonly used hygroscopic material is salt. It has been postulated that hygroscopic sowing makes the droplet size spectrum in the clouds more maritime (larger drops) and less continental, stimulating rain through the coalescence extending the monsoon period. The hygroscopic nuclei are the particles of salts or droplets of saline solutions, on which the humidity of the air in the atmosphere is condensed. They come in contact with moisture droplets and dissolve in them. As the vapor pressure of the solution is lower than that of pure water, the steam condenses in it, until it forms larger drops that end up precipitating in rain.

The structure of hurricanes could be modified, the size of hail reduced, the pollution of some cities could be cleared by precipitation, to reduce the amount of fog in and around airports and ski centers to induce snowfall. In places of drought intense drought, which cause forest fires, and damage of plantings.

The dust acts by saturating the air and condensing the water vapor.

Both the hoses and the balloons carry flashing LED lights to warn of their situation, which are electrically powered from the ground by renewable energy with cables attached to the hoses. Balloons filled with helium can support the upper end or middle areas of the hoses. In the lower zone the current can be grounded static electricity. The material of the hoses can also be a current conductor. To this end, fibers or metallic filaments are added to the fibers or some metal wires are interwoven when braiding the hose.

The lower end of the hose is coupled to a pump or turbine compressor, attached to the product carrying vessel, carried by a vehicle or fixed to ballasting ground or with screws or nails, the hose is raised and erected by: a) The pressure of the fluid sent, b) By a parallel conduit attached to the hose or by a surrounding pressurized conduit

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or wraps the hoses, c) By side injectors that send the flow of air or gas down, d) By balloons attached to the upper end of the hose, e) By flexible tiltable fins on the side of the hose, f ) By tiltable fins by means of a strap that they carry in the proximity to the edge connected to the hose and g) By means of drones that are also used to erect, stabilize, direct and direct the upper end of the hose.

Other drones are used to relay to earth, the atmospheric state and clouds of the area to be sown.

The hoses can carry an outer cover and between this and the hose a chamber is created through which hot air is sent that prevents some fluids from cooling before they are expelled into the atmosphere. Both cameras can be thermally insulated. The product is applied alone or mixed with air or an inert gas.

The side injectors can act simultaneously as erectors or levitators of the hoses. The external chamber can also be pressurized and provide hose stiffness. The hoses can be attached laterally with cables or winds fixed to the ground.

The products are scattered in front of the cloud and in the direction of the wind so that its use is the maximum. It can also be applied inside the cloud or in an area prone to produce them or where rain is desired. They can be applied alone to mixed or diluted in a fluid such as air.

The hoses are grounded with a cable to discharge static current.

Compressors, turbines or pumps and other electrical installations are fed primarily with alternative energies.

Dry ice and other frozen products can be frozen or produced with alternative energies in the application area.

The hoses are made of fabrics or fabrics based on resistant fibers such as kevlar, carbon, glass and nylon. Resistant fibers with mixtures of graphene or graphene oxide can also be used.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose of the invention, raised and raised by the pressure of the fluid sent by it. And which applies the water generating product at its upper end and sprayed by some side jets to a cloud or an area prone to forming clouds.

Figure 2 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose, raised and raised by the flow directed downwards by means of injectors. The water generating product by its upper end of the hose and can also be thrown by side levitating injectors to a cloud or an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 3 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose, raised and erected by balloons that apply the water generating product by its upper end or sprayed by lateral jets to a cloud or an area prone to forming clouds.

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Figure 4 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose, raised and raised by balloons and injectors which are also sprayers of the water generating product, in addition to its upper end to a cloud or an area prone to forming clouds .

Figure 5 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose, raised and raised by the flow directed downwards by means of flexible fins that it carries laterally and which by the action of the wind incline and produce levitation. The water generating product from its upper end of the hose to a cloud or an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 6 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose, raised and raised by the flow directed downwards by means of laterally carrying fins and which by the action of the wind are inclined and produce levitation. The water generating product is applied by the upper end of the hose inside a cloud or to an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 7 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a hose portion using injectors and flow regulating valves for its erection and stabilization.

Figure 8 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a hose portion using for its erection, stabilization or inclination some injectors and tiltable fins by means of a servomotor and a remote control or with cables from the ground.

Figure 8a shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of one end of a hose using a quadcopter for its erection, stabilization and inclination, which facilitates the work of adding independent elements.

Figure 9 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a hose portion, covered by a conduit that surrounds it, creating a heated chamber between them to maintain the temperature of the central hose. Carries some side levitator injectors.

Figure 10 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a hose portion using for its erection a cover that surrounds it and between them a pressurized chamber.

Figure 11 shows a schematic and elevational view of a hose portion using a pressurized duct attached to it for erection. The outlet can also be sprayed through multiple side holes.

Figure 12 shows a schematic view of an electrical installation powered by alternative energies.

Figure 13 shows a schematic and elevation view of a hose applied with a drone system.

Figure 14 shows a schematic and elevation view of two forms of hose applications on a mountain.

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More detailed description of an embodiment of the invention

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the system of the invention, where by means of the compressor, pump or turbine (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, the hose (1) is raised and raised by the pressure of the fluid sent by she from the container (3). The hose applies the water generating product at its upper end or sprayed by lateral jets (18) to the interior of the cloud (19) or to an area prone to cloud formation. The hose is grounded through the conductor cable (8) to the buried plate (9).

Figure 2 shows the pump or turbine compressor (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, and the hose (1) that is raised and raised by flow directed downwards by means of lateral injectors (4) and the pressure of the fluid sent for her from the container (3). The hose applies the water generating product at its upper end by the sprinkler (36) or sprayed by the injectors to a cloud (19) or to an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 3 shows the pump or turbine compressor (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, and the hose (1) which is raised and erected by means of balloons (5) filled with helium. The hose applies the water generating product through it from the container (3), at its upper end or sprayed by lateral holes (18) to a cloud (19) or to an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 4 shows the pump or turbine compressor (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, and the hose (1) that is raised and raised by means of balloons (5) and injectors (4) filled with helium. The hose applies the water generating product through it from the container (3), at its upper end and sprayed by the injectors (4) to a cloud (19) or to an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 5 shows the pump or turbine compressor (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, and the hose (1) that is raised and erected by flow of pressurized air and flexible fins (6) which by action of the wind they incline and produce their elevation. The hose applies the water generating product through it from the container (3), at its upper end to a cloud (19) or to an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 6 shows the compressor, pump or turbine (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, and the hose (1) that is raised and erected by flow of pressurized air and fins (6a) which are articulated with in strap (7) next to its clamping edge the hose by the action of the wind bends and produces its elevation. The hose applies the water generating product through it from the container (3), through its upper end inside the cloud (19) or to an area prone to cloud formation.

Figure 7 shows the hose section (1), using the injectors (4) for its erection and for its stabilization the fins (13) actuated by the actuators (14). Micro or mini gyroscopes detect the inclination of the hose and some servomechanisms apply the error or inclination signal to the actuators (14), controlling the output flow of each of the injectors, stabilizing it vertically.

Figure 8 shows a section of hose (1), using for its erection, stabilization and inclination the fins (33) driven by the motors (34) by means of servomechanisms or cables.

Figure 8a shows the end of a hose (1), which carries the quadcopter (35), the sprinkler (36) and the chamber (37) to visualize the operation. The set is supported, stabilized and directed by the quadcopter (35).

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Figure 9 shows the hose section (1a) that conducts the gas or fluid through a conduit in its central area and is surrounded by a conduit (11) of greater diameter, through which cold or hot air is sent that maintains the temperature of the internal duct and at the same time it is applied to the injectors (4) to produce its erection. One or both walls (17) of the ducts are heat insulating.

Figure 10 shows the hose section (1b) that conducts the gas or fluid through a conduit

(10) in its central area and is surrounded by a duct (12) of greater diameter and pressurized that facilitates its erection. This can add side levitator injectors.

Figure 11 shows the hose section (1c) that conducts the gas or fluid through a duct (10), attached to another duct (12a) which carries the pressurized air for its erection. This can add side levitator injectors.

Figure 12 shows the wind turbine (20) which drives the current generator (21) that is applied together with the current obtained by the photovoltaic system (22) to a transformation unit where the obtained direct current is stored in batteries and it is distributed as direct or alternating current to the pump, turbine or compressor (2), to the position indicator lights (15) and to the rest of the installation circuits, servo systems, etc. (24). You can also use wave energy.

Figure 13 shows the pump or turbine compressor (2), fixed to the ground with screws or nails, and the hose (1) which is raised and raised by flow directed downwards by means of lateral injectors (4). The product is extracted from the tank (3). The upper end of the hose is held straight and directed by the drone (35), the sprinkler (36) on the cloud (19). Drones (35a) send data on the situation of the clouds they take with the cameras (37).

Figure 14 shows on the mountain (29) the compressors or turbines (2, 2a) fed from the tanks (3 and 3a) and which apply the rain generating product in the clouds (19) by means of the hoses (2 and 2a ). The process is complemented with the help of the drone (35a) with the camera (37). This arrangement is typical for the production of large amounts of snow in high mountains, taking advantage of the very cold and humid area or with clouds and therefore of supercooled water.

The turbines or compressors and tanks (3) can also be transported by vehicles from where the hoses extend and the products are applied.

Claims (20)

image 1 1. Cloud seeding system through the use of hoses, arranged vertically from the earth's surface and through which it is injected into the cloud or zone proposed for rain, nucleating, alone or dissolved in a fluid, which act on water supercooled liquid, the particles of ice or water vapor, melting or condensing them until it causes rain, characterized in that it comprises: a) Hoses arranged upright from the earth's surface and by which injects cloud-forming products; b) Nucleating elements consisting of micro or cloud-forming nanoparticles; c) Erection and levitation devices of the hoses; d) Some stabilizing devices of the hoses that keep them upright; e) Devices, drones, which are used to levitate, erect, stabilize, direct or direct the upper end of the hoses; f) Hose heating devices; g) Power supply systems through the use of alternative energy; h) A cable or device for discharging static ground to earth and i) Drones with cameras that send data from clouds or areas of earth to ground sowing.

2.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the nucleating elements are: silver iodide, dry ice (CO2), magnesium, lead salts, liquid propane, powder (obtained from pulverized sand), talc and common salt and other chlorides, or iodides .

3.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas driving devices are pumps, turbines or compressors.

Four.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressurized hoses themselves are used as erector devices.

5.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that erectors are used as injectors that throw part of the flow of the hoses down.

6.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that as erector and stabilizer devices balloons are used in the upper and lateral ends of the hoses.

7.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that as erecting devices pressurized conduits are used attached to the hoses.

8.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that an erecting device uses a pressurized conduit that surrounds or wraps the hoses.

9.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that as erector devices fins are used laterally attached to the hoses, which are flexible or tiltable with respect to their upper edge joined to the hoses.

10.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that gyroscopes are used as stabilizing devices that detect the inclination of the hoses and the inclination signal is applied to the stabilizing valves inside the erector injectors.

eleven.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that as heating devices of the nucleators a chamber is used that surrounds the hoses and through which hot air is circulated.

12.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that as heating devices of the nucleators a heating chamber is used in the lower zone of the hoses, columns or chimneys.

13.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that refrigerant machines are used as cooling devices in the lower zone of the hoses.

14.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that alternative energy sources from wind, photovoltaic or sea wave systems are used as power systems.

fifteen.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the mains energy is used as power supply systems.

16.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the hoses is supported ballasted or embedded in the ground.

17.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the hose is carried, held and transported in a vehicle.

18.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the hoses are made of fabrics or fabrics based on resistant fibers such as kevlar, carbon, glass and nylon.

19.

 System according to claim 18, characterized in that the hoses of fabrics or fabrics based on resistant fibers have mixtures of graphene or graphene oxide.

twenty.

 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower lateral area of the hoses is attached or fixed to the ground by means of cables or winds.

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