ES1137983U - Balloon wind turbine (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Electric wind transformer machine that uses a single-effect hydraulic cylinder as an intermediary in the energy conversion process, characterized by a helium balloon (1) connected by the filling valve to a traction cable ( 2) joined by its other end to the rod (8) of the single acting hydraulic cylinder with spring return (10), the cylinder is placed and fixed vertically inside the tank (5) by means of screws (25), a in turn these same screws (25) can anchor the tank (5) to the ground, the tank (5) is subjected to atmospheric pressure, and filled with water at least three centimeters lower than the level where the pelton turbine is located ( 19), the traction cable (2) passes through concave pulleys (4) located in the upper part of the tank (5) and aligned with the axis of draft of the rod (8) of the hydraulic cylinder, the reciprocating movement of the piston (11) is due to the force with which the balloon (1) is dragged by the wind in its ascending stroke, and by the force exerted by the spring (10) in its downward stroke. in the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder, inside the compression chamber (12) there is a flap valve (23) communicating with the pressure accumulator (15), the pressure accumulator (15) is of the spring type and maintains the operating pressure of the turbine (19) constant, connected in the bottom of the accumulator (15) is the injector (18) that has a check valve that prevents the entry of air to the accumulator (15) when it does not have pressure, the injector points to the ground so that the fluid jet impinges perpendicularly to the blades of the pelton turbine (19), which is located between the water level that contains the tank (5) and the pressure accumulator (15), attached to the axis of rotation of the turbine (19) is the electric generator. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

AEROGENERATOR GLOBE

SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE

The wind turbines of blades (horizontal axis) that cover 99% of the wind market are widely known, there are also residual urban vertical axis wind turbines that have a surface of incidence of the wind, they are called Darrieus and Savonius.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Devices that are aero-hydroelectric as a fundamental pillar of its operation I know the Aero-Hydraulic Converter of which I am an inventor and whose application number is 201000667, I also know that they later patented a device with similar characteristics commercially known as Saphonian. These devices require orientation mechanisms of the wind pick-up surface, the present balloon wind turbine is omnidirectional (it does not require orientation mechanisms to capture the 3 <X? M components of the wind vedor).

. EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

Electricity generating device that supports omnidirectional turbulent winds, consists of a helium-filled balloon (1) tied with a traction cable (2) (see Fig. 1), said cable passes through concave bearings (4) seated in the structure

(5) before engaging the hydraulic cylinder, this silve to transform the balloon shot

omnidirectional on a liro aligned with the stem (8) of the hydraulic cylinder.

The piston of the hydraulic cylinder (11) has dapeta valves (22) made of fiber

carbon so that they have the least possible inertia, these are located by the perimeter of the rod (8) and open in the expansion cycles facilitating the filling chamber of

compression (12), when the cable pull (2) is started (compression cycle) increases the pressure in the compression chamber (12), closing the piston clapper valves (22)

and opening the large clapper in the upper part of the compression chamber

(23) communicating with the pressure accumulator (15), transferring the fluid from the hydraulic cylinder to the pressure accumulator (1! J). This cycle occurs with positive wind accelerations.

When the wind acceleration is negative and the force with which the cable is pulled (2) is less than the force with which OpOnE! the spring (10), this will begin to expand by displacing the piston (11), 10 which implies that the compression chamber (12) is growing, generating vacuum, then the perimeter claps of the piston are opened "

(22)

beginning the filling of the compression chamber (12), which will remain closed in its upper part by the large clapper (28) that communicates with the pressure accumulator (15), since the pressure of the accumulator (15) is greater than that of the compression chamber (12), then the clapper (23) is closed against its seat.

Variations in wind speed and direction of blowing print on the globe

(one)

different pulling forces that are transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder, which produces pumping of fluid in spurts, the fluid leaves the hydraulic cylinder to the pressure accumulator (15), which stores large amounts of fluid under pressure, absorbing the fluctuations produced by the hydraulic cylinder and transforming the gushing flow into a steady (continuous) flow see Fig. 5.

The pressure accumulator (15) communicates with the injector (18) so that the high-pressure fluid impacts the blades of the Pellton turbine (19), the electric generator coupled on the same axis as the hydraulic turbine (19) rotates and It produces electricity.

In the injector (18) there is a solenoid valve that regulates the output flow to the turbine (19) depending on the pressure of the a (~ umulator (15), its operation is filmed to efficiency cradles of the turbine-generator group.

In wind farms in extension (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) multiple balloons (1) are mounted with their respective towers (5), the traction cables (2) protruding from the base of the tower (5) of each of these balloons (1) passes through a "pulley (6) that guides the cable (2) to the hydraulic group (3) (usually located in the center of the wind farm), the group consists of a large pressure accumulator (15 ), as many hydraulic cylinders as traction cables (2) find and 3 or more turbines (19) with their electric generators (20), one for high flow rates, another for high flow rates and another for low flow rates, maximizing the efficiency of the hydrohydraulic group (3), see Fig. 7.

To increase the drag force, cubic balloons (1) are used, whose center of each face joins the center of the opposite face by means of traction cables (7), for example if the cube measures 20 meters of edge, Ic ) s traction cables (7) measure 14 meters each, forming concavities on the faces of the globe (1) once it is inflated under pressure, this balloon source (1) has a drag 3 times; superior to that of 1H1 spherical globe of the same cross-sectional area. For large wind farms we will use cubic balloons (1) of graphene that do not penetrate the helium leak.

The operating principles of a small single-cylinder balloon wind turbine (Fig. 1) And a 12-balloon wind farm are the same, it is like comparing a single-cylinder engine of a lawnmower with a Ferrari V12 engine, they basically work the same even if mechanically they have different ! S distributions.

The balloon wind turbine can be used to desalinate seawater and / or in connection with the electrical production, for this the turbine (19) is replaced by a membrane filter from which the different tubes that transport fresh water come out to the network and brine to the sea, the accumulator ~~, .pressure (15) will be designed in such a way that it always works above the osmotic pressure, the rest of the components is the same as a conventional desalination plant where the part may be: expense is to raise the water pressure to the osmotic pressure> 80 bar.

The winter months where there is no problem of water supply and if the demand for electricity increases can function as an electric generator, meanwhile the summer months where there is drought and surplus of electricity supply because solar panels produce at maximum performance It would work as a desalination plant. Balloon wind turbines can be installed both on land and at sea.

Windows:

a) Reduced manufacturing cost:

-Use of lattice towers or bracing. -Economic balloons. -Share expensive items between several balloon wind turbines such as: accumulator pressure, hydraulic turbines, electric generators, transformers ...

b) Low maintenance (centralization at ground level:! floor of the hydroelectric installation). c) Installable in most of the territory when operating with turbulent winds of +0.5 mis. d) Installable in urban environments:

-

It has no shadow flicker effect! It affects people with epilepsy. - It does not produce noise pollution: 11 not having blades that cut the wind. -You can finance the installation using advertising on the globe.

e) Environmental advantages:

-It does not kill birds by not having shovels that hit them. -Do not create interference in radio waves; TV, telephone ... -More compact assembly (not affected by the wake effect of the conventional wind turbines). -To obtain the same annual energy production as a wind farm Conventional needs less than half the land. having a lot of efficiency higher. -The larger the balloons, the more stability they have and spend more Unnoticed human lodge, it can be made of transparent materials.

f} Increased electricity production:

-Efficiencies more than double that in; 3 conventional generators, you do not have to comply with Betz's law. -You can reach great alturc: ls where the wind speed is higher simply making a trac cable: longer clone. -Take advantage of the 3 components of the wind vector that at least give an extra 40% of energy, being the power proportional to the cube of the wind speed.

g) Easy assembly and installation.

h) Easy to transport as the towers in oelosia or braces (they do not have to endure great efforts -> they are narrow), the balloon is transported folded in a trailer, and the helium is carried in tankers.

i) 30 year useful life (except for traction cables). the conventional 20 years because

structurally the components are damaged ~; due to fatigue efforts generated by the turbulence, in the balloon wind turbine the fatigue efforts are absorbed by the fluid.

Calculations:

a) Power

We start from Newton's second law -> F = rn * a a = dv / dt-> F = m * dv / dt = fm * dv where fm = mass mass = d * A * v

where:

d = density in kg / mA3 = 1.2 A = surface of the cross-sectional area that crosses the air flow in mA2

v = wind speed in mIs

We have to F = d * A * v * dv, this equation is valid if we have a drag coefficient equal to 1, which is correct for flat surfaces where the wind strikes perpendicularly on it, therefore we must multiply the expression by said CO, which depends on the geometric shape of the globe and the Reynols number, which is a function of the turbulence index.

Sphere CO = O.4

Concave Cube CO = 1.2

F = CD * d * A * v * dv

As the power (Pot) = work ry-J) time (t)

work (W) = Px, where x is the displacement of the force in m Pot = F "(x / t) = Pv = CO" d "A" v'2 "dv The turbulent wind is unpredictable so we will take a model which can be similar to calculate the power produced by the balloon wind turbine and thus compare it with that of the conventional wind turbine. We assume that wind fluctuations are 35% with respect to the average speed, that is, if we have an average wind speed of 1 mis, the fluctuation for a period of 1 second would be from 1.35 to 0.65 mi in negative wind accelerations where there is no hydraulic pumping in the cylinder but if this is filled

fluid, and vice versa for positive wind accelerations where work occurs Pumping in the compression chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, going from 0.65 to 1.35 mIs. We integrate the expression -> Int = integral Pot2 -Pot1 = CO * d * A * Int (v "2) between v2 and v1 You have to v2> v1 v2 = (vm + var) = (1 + 0.35) = 1.35

v1 = (vm-var) = (1-0.35) = 0.65 vm = average wind speed, in this case '1 mis var = variability produced by the turbulence index in this case 35% -> 0.35 mIs Pol2 -Pot1 = CO "(d" A / 3) "[(v2'3) - (v1'3)]

Pol2 -Pot1 = CO "(d" A / 3) "[(vm + var) '3 - (vm-var)' 3] The value obtained is divided by 2 to compensate for the expansion cycle that is not performed pumping work,

The more turbulent wind -> + var -> the higher the performance,

b) Average yield (wind farm with 3 turbines) see Fig. 7.

-Power system performance (traction cables, pulleys ...) = 0.93 -Hydraulic cylinder performance = 0.9

5 - Pelton turbine performance = 0.85

-

Electric generator performance = 0.93

-

Total yield = 0.93 ° 0.9 ° 0.85 ° 0.93 = 0.166

10 c) Wind vector factor.

Conventional wind turbines only take advantage of the Vx component of the wind vector, the balloon wind turbine takes advantage of the three Vx, Vy, Vz, see Fig. 8.

We assume that Vx = Vy = Vz

15 Vxy = root «VxA2) + (VyA2)} = ralz ((VxA2) + (VxA: 2)) = root (2VxA2) = l, 41Vx .. ~ ... Vxyz = root ((VxA2) + (VyA2 ) + (VzA2)) = ralz ((Vx: A2) + (VxA2) + (VxA2)} = ralz (3VxA2) = l, 73Vx

VxyzJVx = 1.73Vxll Vx = 1.73 max.

Us approx. we can take VxyzJVx = 1. 12

But the energy is proportional to the speed cube, therefore: 20 Exyz = f (1.12Vx) A3 = 1.4Ex

In a location without much height where there are turbulence and gusts (roof)

Compare the energies obtained by a small conventional wind turbine with a diameter of 25 = 3 m (Average yield = Rm = 18%) and another spherical glOO90 wind turbine with a diameter =

3 m (Average yield = Rm = 44%), air density = d = 1.2 kg / mA3, the index of

turbulence = var = 35%, the average wind speed = vm = 4 mIs.

A. Conventional = 0.5 ° doAAVA3 ° Rm = 0.5 ° 1 .2.0 (piO (3A2y4) 04A3 ° 0.18 = 48.85 w A. Balloon

Sphere -> CO = 0.4 l> Pot = Pot2 -Pot1 = {CO · (d · A / 3) · [{(1.35vm) '3) - (0.65vm)' 3)] -Rm · Exyz / 2

Compare the wind power of two conventional one parks (Rm = 30%) whose diameter of blades is 120 m and another of concave cubic balloons of 120 m edge and a CD = 1.2 (Rm = 65%), for both you have vm = 8 mIs and air density = 1.2 kg / mA3. Turbulence Index (var) = 22%

.

A. Conventional = OSd · Nv'3 · Rm = 0.5 · 1.2 · (pi · (120'2) 14tS'3 · 0.3 = 1042 Kw

A. Globe

l> Pot = Pot2 -Pot1 = {CO · (d · A / 3) · [«1 .22vrn) '3) - (0.7Svm)' 3)] -Rm · Exyz / 2

The higher the wind speed "S, the greater the rate of turbulence (var) is reduced by having fewer gusts of wind which usually predominate at distances close to the ground.

The larger the balloon the more E, stable it becomes (think of a hot air balloon), it is less susceptible to being dragged by small air currents and floating uncontrollably.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being carried out and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where it is illustrative and not limiting, has represented the following:

-

Fig. 1 is the general scheme of the operation of an isolated balloon wind turbine, in reality the balloon would be more than 200 times larger than the hydroelectric group, to facilitate its understanding its size has been reduced.

-

Fig. 2 is a plan view of an oon wind farm with 4 balloon wind turbines and a hydroelectric power station, it could have put 8, 12 ... balloons, but to simplify the viewing it is worth 4.

-

Fig. 3 is the profile view corresponding to section A-N of Fig. 2

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Fig. 4 is the profile view of the hydroelectric power plant, 2 hydraulic cylinders have been shown, the left one operating in the expansion cycle (suction) and the right one in the compression cycle (drive).

-

Fig. 5 is a graph that shows how the pressure accumulator transforms the high variability of turbulent wind into an eSitationary flow.

-

Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b are graphs that visualize the work zones according to the turbulence index (var) of a conventional wind turbine and a balloon wind turbine.

-

Fig. 7 is a comparative graph showing the efficiency of a wind turbine wind farm with a 3-turbine hydroelectric power station and the efficiency of an isolated balloon device with a turbine.

-

Fig. 8 illustrates a Wind vector and its components Vx = Vy = Vz.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The preferred embodiment (Fig. 2) of the invention consists of a wind farm with multiple balloon wind turbines (1) hydroelectric power station (3), said park has been drawn with 4 balloon wind turbines ('1) to facilitate understanding, but could having been many more, the balloons have a cubic form of helium-impermeable material such as graphene, which in addition to being ultralight is 200 times more resistant than steel, an appropriate feature to save possible vandalism, the balloons

(1) they have a reinforcement zone in the corner where the traction cable (2) is attached, it also has a filling valve in said union that could compensate for possible losses, the traction cables (2) go from the globe to the The base of the tower (5) are annular and its compensation section circulates in the lower section which is injected from the base when the level is low.

The traction cable (2) passes through a concave pulley box (4) located at the top end of the tower (5) (see Fig. 3), its function is to convert the shot of the globe that is omnidirectional, into a vertical cable pull along the tower (5) passing the cable (2) through the central axis of the lattice.

In the lower part of the tower (5) a few meters from the ground there is a pulley (6) that guides the traction cable (2) towards the hydroelectric power station (3), the pulley (6) is covered by the weather and made of a material that generates very little friction such as Teflon, the section of traction cable (2) that comes into contact with the pulleys "4) and (6") have a Teflon coating to generate the minimum friction, said coating ~~ or ~ can be changed when worn without having to change the tension cables (2).

As a safety measure, there are safety slings that engage the balloon (1) against the upper part> 1 of the structure (5), the length of said slings is slightly greater than the path of the rod; rod (8). ) of the hydraulic piston (11).

As the towers (5) do not have to withstand great efforts, they will be carried out in celosla (they only serve as support for pulleys «4) and (6))), which are lighter, cheaper and easier to transport, if 10 what we want is to make a tower (5) very high we will make it braced (secured by cables). For aesthetic reasons, the structure (5) can be wrapped with canvas, improving its appearance.

To increase the drag coefficient (CO) of the balloons (1), we create concavities on their faces, for this see Fig. 3, in section AA "of the balloons the concavities in the center of each face can be seen in a broken line. , said centers are joined by a traction cable (7) with the center of the opposite face, these cables are shorter than the edges of the hub, the cables Cl) are tensioned when the balloon (1) is inflated under pressure.

The traction cables (2) are directed to the center of the wind farm where the hydroelectric plant is located (3) see FigA, the cables (2) pass through an antechamber (13) by means of a very small hole without rubbing the cable (2) on the wall of the latter, the cables (2) hook on the rod (8) whose route varies between the walls of the antechamber (13) relying on ceramic bearings (9), for these bearings there are small water leaks from the working chamber (12) that fall to the base. of the antechamber (13) which communicates through holes in its base with the

main chamber (14) where the water is at atmospheric pressure.

In Fig. 4, 2 "hydraulic cylinders" are shown by ace (call the working chambers

(12), the one on the left performing the suction or expansion cycle and the one on the right drive or compression cycle, each "cylinder" works at its own pace regardless of the rest.

The rod (8) at its innermost end is attached to the convex part of the piston (11), which is in the form of a deep plate turned upside down to decrease the drag coefficient (CD = 0.4), is made of Ultralight material and inside it has reinforcements so that it is not defronted by pressure, the hollows of the concavity are filled with foam, in the foam a small compartment is made so that when it supports the plunger (11) against the wall of The main chamber (14) (end of the expansion cycle) houses the compressed air in it and acts as a mattress, between the piston (8) and the walls of the main chamber (14) waterproof rubber membranes dl9 ( 21) that they are stretched in the impulse cycles preventing the pressure water from entering the hole left by the plunger

(11) with the wall of the main chamber (14) which is covered by the expanding air.

Between the piston (11) and the bearings (9) there is a spring (10) whose interior is the rod (8), the spring (10) is compressed in the drive cycles storing energy and expands in the cycles of suction returning the stored energy previously and positioning the umbilicus (11) at the end of its path.

Drive or compression cycle.

We look at the working chamber ("12) that is on the right side of Fig. 4. The spring (10) has a path that allows it to store the energy caused by gentle winds of 2 m and strong gusts of wind from 20 (mis), for this the spring (10) is

...

~

It can be designed with a variable resistance by modifying the diameter of the turns.

When the wind acceleration is pc:> sitiva (a +), the force (F = m * a) pulls the cable from

traction (2) displacing the piston (11) from i: left to right, the water that was in the

Working chamber (12) was initially at atmospheric pressure, this water is prevented from leaving by two clamp valves, a lower one (22) and a higher one (23), when

moving the plunger (11) increases the water pressure (+++ P) until it is pressure size

which is capable of opening the upper clapper (23) which was being closed against its seat by the pressure (+ P) that speaks in the pressure accumulator (15), the fluid leaves the

working chamber (12) to the accumulator ('15) until the pressures (+ P) are equalized in

both chambers, then the upper clapper (23) will be closed, the cable pull (2) continues to move the piston (11) to its right a.Increasing the pressure in the working chamber (12), the process explained is repeated again until an expansion cycle begins, which will begin when the wind acceleration is negative (a-), then the force with

the one that pulls the cable (2) is less than the force stored in the spring (10), expanding it.

Suction or expansion cycle.

We look at the working chamber (12) on the left side of Fig. 4 where the force with which the cable is pulled (2) is less than the force stored in the spring, expanding it, moving the piston (11) against The wall of the main chamber (14), the displacement of the piston (11) is due to the thrust energy we speak stored in the spring (10) and the water pressure that goes from being (+ P) to (Patm) at

to recover volume in the chamber (12) is generated, it was empty, the water of the main chamber (14) that is located at Patm opens the clapper (22) filling the void of the chamber (12), the clapper

(23) It remains closed against its seat due to> the pressure exerted by the accumulator

(15) about this is much larger than the Palmo

Functioning.

The suction and impulse cycles are carried out one after the other, their duration is variable depending on the turbulent wind (which is unpredictable), but they will be fast enough to create conients inside the work chambers (12),

establishing a quasi-stationary continuous flow entering and leaving the chamber (12) from the moment it is sucked from the main chamber (14) to where it is stored in the energy accumulator (15). Therefore, the dupets «22) and (23) must be ultralight to interrupt the flow of current as little as possible.

The pressure accumulator (15) feeds the Pelton turbines (19), which have the flow regulated by means of a solenoid valve: ls (17) electronically managed by a CPU in search of the best efficiency curve (see Fig. 7 ), opening more or less the passage to the injectors (18) of each turbine (19), which are coupled to its axis an electric generator (20) designed to give maximum performance to the same RPM of rotation of the Peltoos , avoiding having to mount a gearbox, the turbinated water falls by gravity to the main chamber (14) establishing a closed circuit where the same fluid is always turbined (for cold places water with antifreeze is used).

The pressure accumulator (15) may be ~ ;; er of air or spring, there may be a large one

or several smaller ones, but SEf will always have safety valves. The accumulator (15) serves to absorb the variations in pumping speed that produces the high variability of the turbulent wind, operating the turbines (19) with a steady state, which is more efficient (Fig. 5).

Arrow d1 indicates the maximum and minimum level reached by the pressure accumulator (15), similarly arrow d2 indicates the maximum and minimum level reached in the main chamber (14), the volume between the accumulator levels (15 ) will be equal to the volume between levels of the main chamber (14), as! that when the accumulator

(15) is at its maximum capacity, the main chamber (14) will be at its lowest, and vice versa.

Industrial applications:

-Air hydroelectric power plant for AC generation, in parks or in isolated systems. -Industrial desalination plant. -Central combined (water + electricity)

Claims (2)

1. Wind-to-electric power transformer machine that uses a single acting hydraulic cylinder as an intermediary in the energy conversion process, is characterized by a helium balloon (1) connected by the filling valve to a traction cable (2) which joins at its other end to the rod (8) of the single acting hydraulic cylinder with spring return (10), the cylinder is placed and fixed vertically inside the tank (5) by screws (25), in turn these same screws (25) can anchor the tank (5) to the ground, the tank (5) is subjected to atmospheric pressure, and filled with water at least three centimeters lower than the level where the Pelton turbine (19) is located, the traction cable (2) passes by concave pulleys (4) located at the top of the tank (5) and are aligned with the axis of shot of the rod (8) of the hydraulic cylinder, the reciprocating movement of the piston (11) is due to the force with which the balloon is dragged (1) by the wind in its upward stroke, and by the force exerted by the spring (10) in its downward stroke. In the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder, inside the Compression Chamber (12) there is a clapper valve (23) that communicates with the pressure accumulator (15), the pressure accumulator (15) is spring type and keeps the operating pressure of the turbine (19) constant, connected to the bottom of the accumulator (15) is the injector (18) which has a non-return valve that prevents the entry of air into the accumulator (15) when it has no pressure, the injector points to the ground so that the fluid jet strikes perpendicular to the blades of the Pelton turbine (19), which is located between the level of the water contained in the reservoir (5) and the pressure accumulator (15), integral with the axis of rotation of the turbine ( 19) is the electric generator. 2. Hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1 characterized in that it has as its bottom base a cone trunk (24) with large holes that allows rapid water filling of the main Chamber (14) when supporting the bottom of the deposit (5). The rod (8) of the hydraulic cylinder is small in diameter if compared with the piston (11), the spring (10) it rests on the bottom of the piston in the area near the outer perimeter, between the spring (10) And the valve (8) several clapper valves (22) are perimetrically drawn they communicate both sides of the piston (11), that is to say, both chambers (12) and (14), in the descending carriages these clappers (22) open allowing the filling of the compression chamber (12), while in the races Ascents close due to pressure.