2023PF80216 1 LED device comprising YAG phosphor and red luminescent particles FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a luminescent body. Additionally, the invention relates to a light generating system comprising the luminescent body. Further, the invention relates to a lighting device comprising such light generating system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Luminescent bodies comprising phosphors are known in the art. For instance, US2017077360 describes a phosphor converted white light emitting device comprises a solid-state light emitter (LED) operable to generate blue light with a dominant wavelength in range 440 nm to 470 nm; yellow to green-emitting phosphor operable to generate light with a peak emission wavelength in a range 500 nm to 550 nm; and a red-emitting manganese- activated fluoride phosphor such a manganese-activated potassium hexafluorosilicate phosphor (K2SiF6:Mn4+). The yellow to green and red-emitting phosphors are incorporated as a mixture and dispersed throughout a light transmissive material with an index or refraction of 1.40 to 1.43. The device can further comprise an orange to red-emitting phosphor operable to generate light with a peak emission wavelength of 580 nm to 620 nm. US 2017/077360 A1 discloses a phosphor converted white light emitting device which comprises a solid-state light emitter (LED) operable to generate blue light with a dominant wavelength in range 440 nm to 470 nm; yellow to green-emitting phosphor operable to generate light with a peak emission wavelength in a range 500 nm to 550 nm; and a red-emitting manganese-activated fluoride phosphor such a manganese-activated potassium hexafluorosilicate phosphor (K2SiF6:Mn4+). The yellow to green and red-emitting phosphors are incorporated as a mixture and dispersed throughout a light transmissive material with an index or refraction of 1.40 to 1.43. In some embodiments the light transmissive comprises a dimethyl-based silicone. The device can further comprise an orange to red-emitting phosphor operable to generate light with a peak emission wavelength of 580 nm to 620 nm.
2023PF80216 2 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To produce light with a suitable color temperature, the luminescent converter may comprise multiple types of phosphor, such as a yellow and a red phosphor. There appears to be a desire to provide light with a high CRI and/or (early stage) tunable spectral power distributions. However, prior art solutions may have problems to provide high CRIs, efficient solutions, and/or stable solutions. Hence, it is an aspect of the invention to provide an alternative luminescent body, which preferably further at least partly obviates one or more of above-described drawbacks. The present invention may have as object to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative. According to a first aspect, the invention provides a luminescent body comprising first luminescent material particles, second luminescent material particles, and a main matrix material. In embodiments, the first luminescent material particles and the second luminescent material particles may be configured embedded in the main matrix material. The first luminescent material particles may, in embodiments, comprise a first luminescent material of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+. In such embodiments, A may especially comprise one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb and Lu, whereas B may comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In and Sc. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may comprise a second particle matrix material. Additionally, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may comprise primary particles comprising a second luminescent material. In embodiments, the primary particles may be configured embedded in the second particle matrix material. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material may comprise a luminescent material of the type M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese. In such embodiments, M’ may especially comprise an alkaline earth cation, M may comprise an alkaline cation, A may comprise a tetravalent cation, and X may comprise a monovalent anion. In specific embodiments, the monovalent anion may at least comprise fluorine (F). In embodiments, the first luminescent material particles may have a first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1. Conversely, the second luminescent material particles may have a second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2. Further, in embodiments, the primary particles may have a third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3. In embodiments, the primary particles may have a third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3 smaller than the second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2, such as D3 ≤ 0.3*D2 (such as D3 ≤ 0.2*D2). Additionally or alternatively, the primary particles may have a third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3 smaller than the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1, such as D3 ≤ 0.3*D1 (such as D3 ≤ 0.2*D2).
2023PF80216 3 Hence, in specific embodiments, the a luminescent body comprising first luminescent material particles, second luminescent material particles, and a main matrix material, wherein: (A) the first luminescent material particles and the second luminescent material particles are configured embedded in the main matrix material; (B) the first luminescent material particles comprise a first luminescent material of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, wherein A comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb and Lu, and wherein B comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In and Sc; (C) the second luminescent material particles comprise a second particle matrix material and primary particles comprising a second luminescent material, wherein the primary particles are configured embedded in the second particle matrix material; wherein the second luminescent material comprises a luminescent material of the type M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M’ comprises an alkaline earth cation, wherein M comprises an alkaline cation, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, and wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine (F); and (D) the first luminescent material particles have a first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1, the second luminescent material particles have a second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2, and the primary particles have a third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3, wherein the following applies of (i) D3 ≤ 0.3*D2 and (ii) D3 ≤ 0.3*D1. Such a luminescent body may provide, in one element, at least two luminescent materials. Hence, such a luminescent body may facilitate, in combination with a (blue) light source, the generation of white light, without additional luminescent bodies or light sources. Further, embedding the (relatively) small primary particles in a second particle matrix material comprised by second luminescent material particles may provide first and second luminescent material particles having a roughly equal size. Such a configuration may provide a homogeneous distribution of the first and second luminescent material particles in the main matrix material, and therefore a homogeneous distribution of the first and second luminescent material. Further, the present solution may provide a relatively stable solution. Yet the present solution may provide in a relatively efficient way high CRI light. Hence, in embodiments, the luminescent body may comprise first luminescent particles. In embodiments, the first luminescent material particles may comprise three- dimensional particles having dimensions (first) length L1, (first) width W1, and (first) height H1. In embodiments, the first length L1 may be defined as equal to or larger than the first width W1 and larger than first height H1, i.e. the first length L1 may especially be the largest
2023PF80216 4 dimension. Further, in embodiments, the first particles may have a first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1. The equivalent spherical diameter (or ESD) of an (irregularly) shaped object is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent volume. Hence, the equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) of a cube with a side a is 2 ∗ ^^ ∗ య ^3/^4 ∗ π^ . Would a sphere in an xyz-coordinate system with a diameter D be distorted to any other shape (in the xyz-plane), without changing the volume, than the equivalent spherical diameter of that shape would be D. The equivalent circular diameter (or ECD) (or “circular equivalent diameter”) of an (irregularly shaped) two- dimensional shape is the diameter of a circle of equivalent area. For instance, the equivalent circular diameter of a square with side a is 2a/(SQRT(π)). For a circle, the diameter D is the same as the equivalent circular diameter D. Would a circle in an xy-plane with a diameter D be distorted to any other shape (in the xy-plane), without changing the area size, then the equivalent circular diameter of that shape would be D. In embodiments, the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter may be determined by dividing the sum of the first equivalent circular diameters of all first luminescent material particles in the luminescent body by the number of said first luminescent material particles, i.e. for a luminescent body comprising N first luminescent material particles, the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter may be provided by ∑^ ே^∗^భ,^ ∑^ ே^ . In embodiments, the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1 may from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the
range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Additionally or alternatively, the first length L1 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Further, the first width W1 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Further still, in embodiments, the first height H1 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Hence, in embodiments, the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1, the first length L1, the first width W1, and the first height H1 may be individually selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. In embodiments wherein L1 = W1 = H1, the first luminescent material particles may comprise a (substantially) spherical shape. Further, in embodiments, the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1, the first length L1, the first width W1, and the first height H1 may for each of the first luminescent material particles be individually selected from the range of 5-50 µm. In embodiments, the first length L1 and first width W1 may define a first
2023PF80216 5 aspect ratio AR1 of the first luminescent particles. Especially, the first aspect ratio AR1 may be provided by AR1 = L1/W1. In embodiments, the first aspect ratio AR1 may be selected from the range of 1-3, such as from the range of 1-2.5, especially from the range of 1-2. In embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may similarly comprise three-dimensional particles having dimensions (second) length L2, (second) width W2, and (second) height H2. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent particles may have a second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2. In embodiments, the second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Additionally or alternatively, the second length L2 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Further, the second width W3 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Further still, in embodiments, the second height H2 may be selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. Hence, in embodiments, the second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2, the second length L2, the second width W2, and the second height H2 may be individually selected from the range of 5-50 µm, such as from the range of 7-45 µm, especially from the range of 10-40 µm. In embodiments wherein L2 = W2 = H2, the second luminescent material particles may especially comprise a spherical shape. Further, in embodiments, the second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2, the second length L2, the second width W2, and the second height H2 may for each of the second luminescent material particles be individually selected from the range of 5-50 µm. In embodiments, the second length L2 and second width W2 may define a second aspect ratio AR2 of the second luminescent material particles. In embodiments, the second aspect ratio AR2 may be selected from the range of 1-15, such as from the range of 1-10, especially from the range of 1-5. In embodiments wherein AR2 ≥ 2 or AR2 ≥ 3, the second luminescent material particles may especially have an elongated shape. In embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may be smaller than the first luminescent material particles, i.e., D2/D1 ≤ 1. Yet, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may be larger than the first luminescent material particles, i.e. D2/D1 ≥ 1. Especially, in embodiments, 0.2 ≤ D2/D1 ≤ 5, such as 0.3 ≤ D2/D1 ≤ 3.5, especially 0.5 ≤ D2/D1 ≤ 2, more especially 0.8 ≤ D2/D1 ≤ 1.2. Hence, in specific embodiments, 0.5 ≤ D2/D1 ≤ 2. Such a size ratio between the first luminescent material particles and the second
2023PF80216 6 luminescent material particles may facilitate even mixing of the luminescent material particles. Further, such a size ratio may facilitate a homogeneous dispersion of luminescent material particles in the luminescent body. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may have a different aspect ratio AR than the first luminescent material particles. Especially, the second luminescent material particles may have a more elongated shape compared to the first luminescent material particles. In embodiments, AR2 ≥ 2*AR1, such as AR2 ≥ 5*AR1, especially AR2 ≥ 10*AR1. Hence, in specific embodiments, the first luminescent material particles may have a first aspect ratio AR1, the second luminescent material particles may have a second aspect ratio AR2, and AR2 ≥ 2*AR1. A higher second aspect ratio AR2 for the second luminescent material particles compared to the first aspect ratio AR1 of the first luminescent material particles may provide desirable light effects. For instance, second luminescent material particles having an elongated shape may facilitate color-over-angle effects upon irradiation with light. In such embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may especially be configured oriented within the luminescent body, i.e. on average, the axes of elongation of the second luminescent material particles may be configured parallel to each other. Such an oriented configuration may be facilitated by a leafing effect, wherein the second luminescent material particles may migrate to a first side of the luminescent body (see below), where they may orient themselves parallel to said first side of the luminescent body. In embodiments, the leafing effect may be facilitated by specific dimensions of the second luminescent material particles, wherein e.g. AR2 ≥ 2 and W2 ≥ 2*H1, i.e. wherein the second luminescent material particles may especially have an elongated and/or flattened shape. In embodiments, as a beam of light source light may have a longer optical path length through the second luminescent material particles when said second luminescent material particles are oriented lengthwise with respect to the beam of light, the outcoupled light may in such configurations comprise more (red) converted light and less (blue) light source light. As such a lengthwise orientation of the second luminescent material particles with respect to the beam of light may be achieved only over certain (viewing and/or irradiation) angles of the beam of light with respect to the luminescent body, the color of the light may thus change with changing viewing and/or irradiation angle. Returning to the dimensions of the luminescent material particles, the second luminescent material particles may in embodiments comprise primary particles. Especially, said primary particles may be configured embedded in the second particle matrix material (comprised by the second luminescent material particles). Further, the primary particles may
2023PF80216 7 comprise three-dimensional particles having (third) length L3, (third) width W3, and (third) height H3. Further, in embodiments, the primary particles may have a third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3. In embodiments, the third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3 may be selected from the range of 1-15 µm, such as from the range of 1-12 µm, especially from the range of 1-10 µm. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, the third length L3, the third width W3, and the third height H3 may be individually selected from the range of 1-15 µm, such as from the range of 1-12 µm, especially from the range of 1-10 µm. In embodiments wherein L3 = W3 = H3, the primary particles may especially comprise a spherical shape. Further, in embodiments, the third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3, the third length L3, the third width W3, and the third height H3 may for each of the primary particles be individually selected from the range of 1-15 µm. In embodiments, the third length L3 and third width W3 may define a third aspect ratio AR3 of the primary particles. In embodiments, the third aspect ratio AR3 may be selected from the range of 1-3, such as from the range of 1-2.5, especially from the range of 1-2. In embodiments, the primary particles may be smaller than the first luminescent material particles, i.e., D3 ≤ D1. Especially, in embodiments, D3 ≤ 0.3*D1, such as D3 ≤ 0.2*D1, especially D3 ≤ 0.1*D1. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, D3 ≥ 0.01*D1, such as D3 ≥ 0.02*D1, especially D3 ≥ 0.05*D1. Further, in embodiments, the primary particles may be smaller than the second luminescent material particles, i.e., D3 ≤ D2. Especially, in embodiments, D3 ≤ 0.3*D2, such as D3 ≤ 0.2*D2, especially D3 ≤ 0.1*D2. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, D3 ≥ 0.01*D2, such as D3 ≥ 0.02*D2, especially D3 ≥ 0.05*D2. Such a relatively small size of the primary particles compared to the first luminescent material particles and/or the second luminescent material particles may facilitate efficient light extraction. Particle sizes may be determined with methods known in the art, like one or more of optical microscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Dimensions may be number averaged, as known in the art. Hence, the particles may be substantially identical, but the particles may also mutually differ, such as two or more subsets of particles, wherein within the subsets the particles are substantially identical. The particles may have a unimodal particle size distribution or a polymodal size distribution. From measured dimension, equivalent diameters may be determined. As indicated, the first luminescent particles may be configured embedded in the main matrix material. In embodiments, the main matrix material may thus comprise the
2023PF80216 8 first luminescent material particles. the main matrix material may comprise the first luminescent material particles in a first luminescent material particles concentration C1. Here, the concentration C1 may especially refer to a v/v% concentration of (the volume of the) first luminescent material particles relative to the first volume V1. In embodiments, the first volume V1 may be the combined volume of (i) the main matrix material, (ii) the first luminescent particles, (iii) the second luminescent particles, and (optionally) (iv) the third luminescent material (see below). In embodiments, the first volume V1 may essentially be equal to the volume of the luminescent body. Yet, in embodiments, the first volume V1 may be smaller than the volume of the luminescent body, e.g. when the luminescent body comprises a support. In embodiments, the main matrix material may thus comprise the first luminescent particles in a first luminescent particle concentration C1. In embodiments, the first luminescent particle concentration C1 may be selected from the range of 0.1-35% (v/v%), such as from the range of 0.5-30% (v/v%), especially from the range of 1-25% (v/v%) (relative to the first volume V1). Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent particle concentration C1 may be selected from the range of 2-20% (v/v%), such as from the range of 3-18% (v/v%), especially from the range of 4-15% (v/v%) (relative to the first volume V1). Further, in embodiments, the main matrix material may comprise the second luminescent material particles in a second luminescent material particle concentration C2 (relative to the first volume V1). In embodiments, the second luminescent material particle concentration C2 may be equal to the first luminescent particle concentration C1, C2 = C1. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particle concentration C2 may differ from the first luminescent particle concentration C1, such as 0.25*C1 ≤ C2 ≤ 4*C1, especially 0.3*C1 ≤ C2 ≤ 3*C1, more especially 0.5*C1 ≤ C2 ≤ 2*C1. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particle concentration C2 may be higher than the first luminescent particle concentration C1, such as C2 ≥ 1.25*C1, especially C2 ≥ 1.5*C1, more especially C2 ≥ 1.75*C1. Further, in embodiments, C2 ≤ 3.5*C1, such as C2 ≤ 3.25*C1, especially C2 ≤ 3*C1. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, the second luminescent particle concentration C2 may be selected from the range of 0.1-40% (v/v%), such as from the range of 0.5-30% (v/v%), especially from the range of 1-25% (v/v%) (relative to the first volume V1). Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent particle concentration C2 may be selected from the range of 4-40% (v/v%), such as from the range of 5-30% (v/v%), especially from the range of 6-25% (v/v%) (relative to the first volume V1).
2023PF80216 9 Further, in embodiments, the matrix material may comprise the first luminescent material particles and the second luminescent material particles in a (combined) luminescent material particle concentration C1+2 (relative to the first volume V1). In embodiments, the (combined) luminescent material particle concentration C1+2 may be selected from the range of 1-60% (v/v%), such as from the range of 2-40% (v/v%), especially from the range of 3-30% (v/v%) (relative to the first volume V1). In embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may comprise the primary particles. In embodiments, the primary particles may have a primary particle concentration Cp within the second luminescent material particles. Especially, the second luminescent material particles may comprise the primary particles in a primary particle concentration Cp, wherein the primary particle concentration Cp may especially refer to a v/v% concentration of (the volume of) the primary particles relative to the total volume of the second luminescent material particles. In embodiments, the primary particle concentration Cp may be selected from the range of 2-60% (v/v%), such as from the range of 5-50% (v/v%), especially from the range of 10-40% (v/v%) (relative to the volume of the second luminescent material particles). In embodiments, the primary particle concentration Cp may be higher than the (combined) luminescent particle concentration C1+2, i.e. the concentration of primary particles in the second luminescent material particles may be higher than the (combined) concentration of first luminescent material particles and second luminescent material particles in the main matrix material. Especially, in embodiments, Cp ≥ C1+2, such as Cp ≥ 2*C1+2, especially Cp ≥ 3*C1+2. Further, in embodiments, Cp ≤ 15*C1+2, such as Cp ≤ 12*C1+2, especially Cp ≤ 10*C1+2. Hence, in specific embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may comprise primary particles in a primary particle concentration Cp selected from the range of 10-40% (v/v%); where further the main matrix material may comprise the first luminescent material particles in a first luminescent material particle concentration C1, and the second luminescent material particles in a second luminescent material particle concentration C2, wherein a luminescent material particle concentration C1+2 may be selected from the range of 3-30% (v/v%); wherein in embodiments C2 ≥ 1.5*C1; and wherein in embodiments Cp ≥ C1+2. Such concentrations of primary particles, first luminescent material particles, and second luminescent material particles may facilitate distributing the absorption of (light source) light over a relatively large optical path length. Hence, such a luminescent body may provide thermal management. Further, a (combined) luminescent material particle concentration C1+2 selected from the range of 3-30% (v/v%) may facilitate outcoupling of
2023PF80216 10 (unconverted) light source light. In wherein the light source light comprises blue light, such a luminescent body may facilitate the outcoupling of white light. In embodiments, the main matrix material may comprise an optically transparent material. Herein, the term “optically transparent” material indicates the material may be transmissive for one or more wavelengths selected from the range of 190-1500 nm, such as for one or more wavelengths selected from the range of 200-1000 nm, especially for one or more wavelengths selected from the range of 380-780 nm. In embodiments, the main matrix material may comprise an optically transparent (crosslinked) polymeric material. Especially, the main matrix material may comprise a material selected from the group comprising glass, polycarbonate (PC), (clear) polyvinyl chloride (PVC), liquid silicone rubber (LSR), cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), styrene methyl methacrylate (SMMA), polysiloxanes, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In embodiments, the main matrix material may thus comprise a crosslinked polysiloxane, such as selected from the group comprising polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS), and polydiphenylsiloxane (PDPS), especially PDMS. Further, in embodiments, the second particle matrix material may comprise an optically transparent material. In embodiments, the second particle matrix material may comprise a sol-gel particle matrix. The term “sol-gel particle” is known to a person skilled in the art, and may refer to a particle created using the sol-gel method. Further, in embodiments, the second particle matrix material may comprise an optically transparent (crosslinked) polymeric material. Especially, the second particle matrix material may comprise a material selected from the group comprising glass, PC, (clear) PVC, LSR, COC, FEP, SMMA, polysiloxanes, and PMMA. Especially, in embodiments, the second particle matrix material may comprise a crosslinked polysiloxane. Hence, in specific embodiments, one or more of the main matrix material and the second particle matrix material may comprise a crosslinked polysiloxane. Crosslinked polysiloxanes may provide thermal stability, and may therefore not degrade or react under operating conditions of a light generating system. Further, crosslinked polysiloxanes may provide long term optical transparency, and may not discolor under (high- intensity) irradiation with light. Additionally, crosslinked polysiloxanes may facilitate shaping of the luminescent body into a variety of shapes, using suitable molds. In embodiments, the second particle matrix material may have a refractive index np. In embodiments, the refractive index np may be selected from the range of 1.1-2.3, such as from the range of 1.2-2.0, especially from the range of 1.3-1.7. Additionally, in embodiments, the main matrix material may have a refractive index nm. In embodiments, the
2023PF80216 11 refractive index nm may be selected from the of 1.1-2.3, such as from the range of 1.2- 2.0, especially from the range of 1.3-1.7. Further, in embodiments, the refractive index np of the second particle matrix material may be higher than the refractive index nm of the main matrix material. Hence, in embodiments, np ≥ nm, such as np ≥ 1.2*nm, especially np ≥ 1.5*nm. Further, in embodiments, np ≤ 3*nm, such as np ≤ 2.5*nm, especially np ≤ 2*nm. Alternatively, in embodiments, np ≤ nm, such as np ≤ 0.95*nm, especially np ≤ 0.9*nm. Further, in embodiments, the primary particles (comprising second luminescent material) may have a refractive index nl. In embodiments, the refractive index nl may be selected from the range of 1.0-2.0, such as from the range of 1.2-1.5, especially from the range of 1.3-1.4. Especially, in embodiments, the refractive index nl may be selected from the range of 1.32-1.36. Further, in embodiments, the refractive index np may be higher than the refractive index nl. Hence, in embodiments, np ≥ nl, such as np ≥ 1.2*nl, especially np ≥ 1.5*nl. Further, in embodiments, np ≤ 3*nl, such as np ≤ 2.5*nl, especially np ≤ 2*nl. Alternatively, in embodiments, np ≤ nl, such as np ≤ 0.95*nl, especially np ≤ 0.9*nl. Hence, in specific embodiments, one or more may apply of: (a) a refractive index np of the second particle matrix material may be higher than a refractive index nm of the main matrix material, and (b) the refractive index np of the second particle matrix material may be higher than a refractive index nl of the primary particles comprising second luminescent material. Such a configuration of materials (having such refractive indices) may facilitate light outcoupling of light emitted by one or more of the first luminescent material and the second luminescent material from the luminescent body. In embodiments, the first luminescent material particles may comprise a first luminescent material, and the primary particles may comprise a second luminescent material. Embodiments of the luminescent material are provided below. Note that the general term “luminescent material” may refer to one or more of, such as all of, the first luminescent material, the second luminescent material, and a third luminescent material (see below). Especially, in embodiments, embodiments of the general term “luminescent material” may be applied to one or more of, such as all of, the first luminescent material, the second luminescent material, and the third luminescent material. The term “luminescent material” may especially refer to a material that can convert first radiation, especially one or more of UV radiation and blue radiation, into second radiation. In general, the first radiation and second radiation have different spectral power distributions. Hence, instead of the term “luminescent material”, also the terms “luminescent converter” or “converter” may be applied. In general, the second radiation has a spectral power distribution at larger
2023PF80216 12 wavelengths than the first radiation, which is case in so-called down-conversion. In specific embodiments, however the second radiation has a spectral power distribution with intensity at smaller wavelengths than the first radiation, which is the case in so-called up- conversion. In embodiments, the “luminescent material” may especially refer to a material that can convert radiation into e.g. visible and/or infrared light. For instance, in embodiments the luminescent material may be able to convert one or more of UV radiation and blue radiation, into visible light. The luminescent material may in specific embodiments also convert radiation into infrared radiation (IR). Hence, upon excitation with radiation, the luminescent material may emit radiation. In general, the luminescent material will be a down converter, i.e. radiation with a smaller wavelength is converted into radiation with a larger wavelength (λex<λem), though in specific embodiments the luminescent material may comprise up-converter luminescent material, i.e. radiation with a larger wavelength is converted into radiation with a smaller wavelength (λex>λem). In embodiments, the term “luminescence” may refer to phosphorescence. In embodiments, the term “luminescence” may also refer to fluorescence. Instead of the term “luminescence”, also the term “luminescent material light” or “emission” may be applied. Hence, the terms “first radiation” and “second radiation” may refer to excitation radiation and emission (radiation), respectively. Likewise, the term “luminescent material” may in embodiments refer to phosphorescence and/or fluorescence. The term “luminescent material” may also refer to a plurality of different luminescent materials. Examples of possible luminescent materials are indicated below. Hence, the term “luminescent material” may in specific embodiments also refer to a luminescent material composition. Instead of the term “luminescent material” also the term “phosphor” may be applied. These terms are known to the person skilled in the art. In embodiments, luminescent materials may be selected from garnets and nitrides, especially doped with trivalent cerium or divalent europium, respectively. The term “nitride” may also refer to oxynitride or nitridosilicate, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the luminescent material(s) may be selected from silicates, especially doped with divalent europium. In embodiments, the luminescent body may comprise a third luminescent material. The third luminescent material may, in embodiments, be comprised by the second luminescent particles. Additionally or alternatively, the main matrix material may comprise the third luminescent particles. In embodiments, the third luminescent particles may comprise a divalent europium comprising oxynitride luminescent material. Further, in embodiments, the third luminescent material may comprise a divalent europium comprising nitride luminescent material. In specific embodiments, the third luminescent material may be
2023PF80216 13 selected from a divalent europium luminescent material and a divalent europium comprising nitride luminescent material. Hence, in specific embodiments, the main matrix material may comprise a third luminescent material, wherein the third luminescent material may be selected from a divalent europium comprising oxynitride luminescent material and a divalent europium comprising nitride luminescent material. In specific embodiments, the luminescent material may at least comprise a first luminescent material of the type A3B5O12:Ce, wherein A comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb and Lu, and wherein B comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In and Sc; and wherein the device light may comprise blue device light. Especially, A may comprise one or more of Y, Gd and Lu, such as especially one or more of Y and Lu. Especially, B may comprise one or more of Al and Ga, more especially at least Al, such as essentially entirely Al. Hence, especially suitable luminescent materials are cerium comprising garnet materials. Embodiments of garnets especially include A3B5O12 garnets, wherein A comprises at least yttrium (Y) or lutetium (Lu) and wherein B comprises at least aluminum (Al). Such garnets may be doped with cerium (Ce), with praseodymium (Pr) or a combination of cerium and praseodymium; especially however with Ce. Especially, B may comprise aluminum (Al); however, in addition to aluminum, B may also partly comprise gallium (Ga) and/or scandium (Sc) and/or indium (In), especially up to about 20% of B, more especially up to about 10 % of B (i.e. the B ions essentially consist of 90 or more mole % of Al and 10 or less mole % of one or more of Ga, Sc and In); B may especially comprise up to about 10% gallium. In another variant, B and O may at least partly be replaced by Si and N. The element A may especially be selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb) and lutetium (Lu). Further, Gd and/or Tb are especially only present up to an amount of about 20% of A. In a specific embodiment, the garnet luminescent material comprises (Y1- xLux)3B5O12:Ce, wherein x is equal to or larger than 0 and equal to or smaller than 1. The term “:Ce”, indicates that part of the metal ions (i.e. in the garnets: part of the “A” ions) in the luminescent material is replaced by Ce. For instance, in the case of (Y1-xLux)3Al5O12:Ce, part of Y and/or Lu is replaced by Ce. This is known to the person skilled in the art. Ce will replace A in general for not more than 10%; in general, the Ce concentration will be in the range of 0.1 to 4%, especially 0.1 to 2% (relative to A). Assuming 1% Ce and 10% Y, the full correct formula could be (Y0.1Lu0.89Ce0.01)3Al5O12. Ce in garnets is substantially or only in the trivalent state, as is known to the person skilled in the art. In embodiments, the luminescent material (thus) comprises A3B5O12 wherein in specific embodiments at maximum 10% of B-O may be replaced by Si-N. Here, B in B-O
2023PF80216 14 refers to one or more of Al, Ga, In and Sc refers to oxygen); in specific embodiments B-O may refer to Al-O. As indicated above, in specific embodiments x3 may be selected from the range of 0.001-0.04. Especially, such luminescent materials may have a suitable spectral distribution (see however below), have a relatively high efficiency, have a relatively high thermal stability, and allow a high CRI (optionally in combination with (the) light of other sources of light as described herein). Hence, in specific embodiments A may be selected from the group consisting of Lu and Gd. Alternatively or additionally, B may comprise Ga. Hence, in embodiments the luminescent material comprises (Yx1(Lu,Gd)x2Cex3)3(Aly1Gay2)5O12, wherein Lu and/or Gd may be available. Even more especially, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001-0.1, wherein 0<x2+x3≤0.1, and wherein 0≤y2≤0.1. Further, in specific embodiments, at maximum 1% of B-O may be replaced by Si- N. Here, the percentage refers to moles (as known in the art); see e.g. also EP3149108. In yet further specific embodiments, the luminescent material comprises (Yx1Cex3)3Al5O12, wherein x1+x3=1, and wherein 0<x3≤0.2, such as 0.001-0.1. In specific embodiments, the first luminescent material may only include luminescent materials selected from the type of cerium comprising garnets. In even further specific embodiments, the first luminescent material may include a single type of luminescent material, such as (Yx1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12. Hence, in specific embodiments the first luminescent material may comprise luminescent material, wherein at least 85 weight%, even more especially at least about 90 wt.%, such as yet even more especially at least about 95 weight % of the luminescent material comprises (Yx1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12. Here, A’ comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lanthanides, and B’ comprises one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ga, In and Sc, wherein x1+x2+x3=1, wherein x3>0, wherein 0<x2+x3≤0.2, wherein y1+y2=1, wherein 0≤y2≤0.2. Especially, x3 is selected from the range of 0.001-0.1. Note that in embodiments x2=0. Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments y2=0. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may include a luminescent material such as (Yx1’Lux2’A’x3’Cex4’)3B5O12, wherein x1’+x2’+x3’+x4’=1, wherein x4’ may be selected from the range of 0.001-0.1. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at least two luminescent materials of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, such as at least (Yx1’Lux2’A’x3’Cex4’)3B5O12 and (Yx1”Lux2”A’x3”Cex4”)3B5O12. In such embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise a primary first luminescent material such as (Yx1’Lux2’A’x3’Cex4’)3B5O12, wherein x1’ ≥ x2’, wherein 0.001 ≤ x4’ ≤ 0.1, wherein A’ comprises one or more of La, Gd, and Tb, and wherein B comprises
2023PF80216 15 one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise a secondary first luminescent material such as (Yx1”Lux2”A’x3”Cex4”)3B5O12, wherein x1”+x2”+x3”+x4”=1, wherein x2" > x2’, wherein 0.001 ≤ x4” ≤ 0.1, wherein A’ comprises one or more of La, Gd, and Tb, and wherein B comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In, and Sc. In embodiments, the secondary first luminescent material may thus comprise on a molar basis more Lu than the primary first luminescent material. Further, in embodiments, the primary first luminescent material may comprise on a molar basis more Y than the secondary first luminescent material, x1’ > x1”. In embodiments, x2’ may be equal to zero. Further, in embodiments, one or more of x2’, x3’, and x3” may be equal to zero. In embodiments, x4’ may be equal to x4”. Yet, in embodiments, x4’ may be different from x4”, wherein (both) x4’ and x4” may be individually selected from the range of 0.001-0.1. Hence, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise a primary first luminescent material such as (Yx1’Lux2’Cex4’)3B5O12 (wherein x1’+ x2’+ x4’ = 1) and a secondary first luminescent material such as (Yx1”Lux2”Cex4”)3B5O12 (wherein x1”+ x2”+ x4” = 1), wherein x2” > x2’, and wherein in specific embodiments x2’ = 0. Hence, in specific embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at least two luminescent materials of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, wherein: (a) a primary first luminescent material of this type may comprise on a molar basis more Y than a secondary first luminescent material of this type, and (b) the secondary first luminescent material of this type may comprise on a molar basis more Lu than the primary first luminescent material of this type. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may include a luminescent material such as Lux1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12, where x1, x2, x3, y1, and y2 are as defined above. Especially, in embodiments, x1+x2+x3=1, wherein x1≥0.5. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at least two luminescent materials of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, such as at least (Yx1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12 and Lux1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12. In such embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise a primary first luminescent material such as (Yx1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12, wherein x1+x2+x3=1, wherein x1≥0.5, wherein A’ comprises one or more of La, Gd, Tb, and Lu, and wherein B’ comprises one or more of Ga, In, and Sc. Further, in such embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise a secondary first luminescent material such as (Lux1A’x2Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12, wherein x1+x2+x3=1, wherein x1≥0.5, wherein A’ comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, and Tb, and wherein B’ comprises one or more of Ga, In, and Sc. In embodiments, the primary first luminescent material may thus comprise on a molar basis
2023PF80216 16 more Y than Lu. Conversely, the secondary luminescent material may comprise on a molar basis more Lu than Y. Especially, the primary first luminescent material may comprise on a molar basis more Y than the secondary first luminescent material, and the secondary first luminescent material may comprise on a molar basis more Lu than the primary first luminescent material. Note that in embodiments, x2 = 0, and the primary first luminescent material may (essentially) consist of (Yx1Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12, wherein x1+x3 = 1. Similarly, the secondary first luminescent material may (essentially) consist of (Lux1Cex3)3(Aly1B’y2)5O12, wherein x1+x3 = 1. Hence, in specific embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at least two luminescent materials of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, wherein: (a) a primary first luminescent material of this type may comprise on a molar basis more Y than Lu, and (b) a secondary first luminescent material of this type may comprise on a molar basis more Lu than Y. Such a composition of first luminescent material may provide a broader spectral power distribution of the first luminescent material light. For instance, the primary first luminescent material may be configured to provide primary first luminescent material light, and the secondary first luminescent material may be configured to provide secondary first luminescent material light, wherein a centroid wavelength of the primary first luminescent material light may be larger than a centroid wavelength of the secondary first luminescent material light. In embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at least 10 wt.%, such as at least 25 wt.%, especially at least 40 wt.% primary first luminescent material. Conversely, the first luminescent material may comprise at least 10 wt.%, such as at least 25 wt.%, especially at least 40 wt.% secondary first luminescent material. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at most 90 wt.%, such as at most 75 wt.%, especially at most 60 wt.% primary first luminescent material. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise at most 90 wt.%, such as at most 75 wt.%, especially at most 60 wt.% secondary first luminescent material. Returning to general embodiments of the luminescent material, the luminescent material may comprise a luminescent material of the type A3Si6N11:Ce3+, wherein A comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb and Lu, such as in embodiments one or more of La and Y. In embodiments, the luminescent material may alternatively or additionally comprise one or more of MS:Eu2+ and/or M2Si5N8:Eu2+ and/or MAlSiN3:Eu2+ and/or Ca2AlSi3O2N5:Eu2+, etc., wherein M comprises one or more of Ba, Sr and Ca, especially in embodiments at least Sr. Hence, in embodiments, the luminescent material may comprise one or more materials selected from the group consisting of (Ba,Sr,Ca)S:Eu,
2023PF80216 17 (Ba,Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu and (Ba,Sr,Ca) these compounds, europium (Eu) is substantially or only divalent, and replaces one or more of the indicated divalent cations. In general, Eu will not be present in amounts larger than 10% of the cation; its presence will especially be in the range of about 0.5 to 10%, more especially in the range of about 0.5 to 5% relative to the cation(s) it replaces. The term “:Eu”, indicates that part of the metal ions is replaced by Eu (in these examples by Eu2+). For instance, assuming 2% Eu in CaAlSiN3:Eu, the correct formula could be (Ca0.98Eu0.02)AlSiN3. Divalent europium will in general replace divalent cations, such as the above divalent alkaline earth cations, especially Ca, Sr or Ba. The material (Ba,Sr,Ca)S:Eu can also be indicated as MS:Eu, wherein M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca); especially, M comprises in this compound calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more especially calcium. Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least part of M (i.e. one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). Further, the material (Ba,Sr,Ca)2Si5N8:Eu can also be indicated as M2Si5N8:Eu, wherein M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca); especially, M comprises in this compound Sr and/or Ba. In a further specific embodiment, M consists of Sr and/or Ba (not taking into account the presence of Eu), especially 50 to 100%, more especially 50 to 90% Ba and 50 to 0%, especially 50 to 10% Sr, such as Ba1.5Sr0.5Si5N8:Eu (i.e.75 % Ba; 25% Sr). Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least part of M, i.e. one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). Likewise, the material (Ba,Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu can also be indicated as MAlSiN3:Eu, wherein M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca); especially, M comprises in this compound calcium or strontium, or calcium and strontium, more especially calcium. Here, Eu is introduced and replaces at least part of M (i.e. one or more of Ba, Sr, and Ca). Eu in the above indicated luminescent materials is substantially or only in the divalent state, as is known to the person skilled in the art. The term “luminescent material” herein especially relates to inorganic luminescent materials. Alternatively or additionally, also other luminescent materials may be applied. For instance quantum dots and/or organic dyes may be applied and may optionally be embedded in transmissive matrices like e.g. polymers, like PMMA, or polysiloxanes, etc. In embodiments, the luminescent material may comprise a luminescent material of the type M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M’ comprises an alkaline earth cation, M comprises an alkaline cation, and x may be selected from the range of 0-1, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, for instance comprising one or more of silicon and titanium, wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising
2023PF80216 18 fluorine. Such luminescent materials may also be indicated as “KSiF” or “KSF”, whether or not M comprises K or one or more other alkaline cations. A luminescent material of the type M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese is amongst others described in WO2013121355A1, which is herein incorporated by reference. Passages from WO2013121355A1 are also copied herein. Herein, M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, may further also shortly be indicated as “phosphor”, i.e. the phrase "phosphor comprising M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese" may in an embodiment also be read as M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese phosphor, or (tetravalent) Mn-doped M’xM2-2xAX6 phosphor, or shortly "phosphor". Relevant alkaline earth cations (M’) are magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca) and barium (Ba), especially one or more of Sr and Ba. Relevant alkaline cations (M) are sodium (Na), potassium (K) and rubidium (Rb). Optionally, also lithium (Li) and/or cesium (Cs) may be applied. In a preferred embodiment, M comprises at least potassium. In yet another embodiment, M comprises at least rubidium. The phrase “wherein M comprises at least potassium” indicates for instance that of all M cations in a mole M’xM2-2xAX6 , a fraction comprises K+ and an optionally remaining fraction comprises one or more other monovalent (alkaline) cations (see also below). In another preferred embodiment, M comprises at least potassium and rubidium. Optionally, the M’xM2- 2xAX6 luminescent material has the hexagonal phase. In yet another embodiment, the M’xM2- 2xAX6 luminescent material has the cubic phase. In an embodiment, a combination of different alkaline cations may be applied. In yet another embodiment, a combination of different alkaline earth cations may be applied. In yet another embodiment, a combination of one or more alkaline cations and one or more alkaline earth cations may be applied. For instance, KRb0.5Sr0.25AX6 might be applied. As indicated above, x may be selected from the range of 0-1, especially x ≤ 1. In specific embodiments, x = 0. The term “tetravalent manganese” refers to Mn4+. This is a well-known luminescent ion. In the formula as indicated above, part of the tetravalent cation A (such as Si) is being replaced by manganese. Hence, M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese may also be indicated as M’xM2-2xA1-mMnmX6. The mole percentage of manganese, i.e. the percentage it replaces the tetravalent cation A will in general be in the range of 0.1-15 %, especially 1-12 %, i.e. m is in the range of 0.001-0.15, especially in the range of 0.01-0.12. A comprises a tetravalent cation, and preferably at least comprises silicon. A may optionally (further) comprise one or more of titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), stannum (Sn) and zinc (Zn). Preferably, at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, such as at least 95% of M consists of silicon. Hence, in a specific embodiment, M’xM2-2xAX6 may also
2023PF80216 19 be described as M’xM2-2xA1-m-t-g-s- wherein m and x are as indicated above, and wherein t,g,s,zr are each individually preferably in the range of 0-0.2, especially 0-0.1, even more especially 0-0.05, wherein t+g+s+zr is smaller than 1, especially equal to or smaller than 0.2, preferably in the range of 0-0.2, especially 0-0.1, even more especially 0- 0.05, and wherein A is especially Si. X is preferably fluorine (F). As indicated above, M relates to monovalent cations, but preferably at least comprises potassium and/or rubidium. Other monovalent cations that may further be comprised by M can be selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), cesium (Cs) and ammonium (NH4 +). In an embodiment, preferably at least 80%(i.e.80% of all moles of the type M), even more preferably at least 90%, such as 95% of M consists of potassium and/or rubidium. Especially, in these embodiments, x is thus zero. Hence, in a specific embodiment, M’xM2-2xAX6 can also be described as (K1-r-l- n-c-nh RbrLilNanCsc(NH4)nh)2AX6, wherein r is in the range of 0-1, wherein l,n,c,nh are each individually preferably in the range of 0-1, preferably 0-0.2, especially 0-0.1, even more especially 0-0.05, and wherein r+ l+n+c+nh is in the range of 0-1, especially l+n+c+nh is smaller than 1, especially equal to or smaller than 0.2, preferably in the range of 0-0.2, especially 0-0.1, even more especially 0-0.05. X is preferably fluorine (F). As indicated above, instead of or in addition to the alkaline cation(s), also one or more alkaline earth cations may be present. Hence, in a specific embodiment, M’xM2- 2xAX6 can also be described as MgmgCacaSrsrBaba(KkRbrLilNanCsc(NH4)nh)2AX6, with k, r, l, n, c, nh each individually being in the range of 0-1, wherein mg, ca, sr, ba are each individually in the range of 0-1, and wherein mg+ca+sr+ba+k+ r+ l+n+c+nh=1. In embodiments, k=1, and the others (mg, ca, sr, ba, r, l, n, c, nh) are zero. As indicated above, X relates to a monovalent anion, but at least comprises fluorine. Other monovalent anions that may optionally be present may be selected from the group consisting of chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). Preferably, at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, such as 95% of X consists of fluorine. Hence, in a specific embodiment, M’xM2-2xAX6 can also be described as M’xM2-2xA(F1-cl-b-iClclBrbIi)6, wherein cl,b,i are each individually preferably in the range of 0-0.2, especially 0-0.1, even more especially 0-0.05, and wherein cl+b+i is smaller than 1, especially equal to or smaller than 0.2, preferably in the range of 0-0.2, especially 0-0.1, even more especially 0-0.05. Especially, X essentially consists of F (fluorine).
2023PF80216 20 Hence, M’xM2-2xAX6 can also described as (K1-r-l-n-c-nh RbrLilNanCsc(NH4)nh)2Si1-m-t-g-s-zrMnmTitGegSnsZrzr(F1-cl-b-iClclBrbIi)6, with the values for r,l,n,c,nh,m,t,g,s,zr,cl,b,i as indicated above. X is preferably fluorine (F). Even more especially, M’xM2-2xAX6 can also be described as MgmgCacaSrsrBaba(KkRbrLilNanCsc(NH4)nh)2Si1-m-t-g-s-zrMnmTitGegSnsZrzr(F1-cl-b-iClclBrbIi)6, with k, r, l, n, c, nh each individually being in the range of 0-1, wherein mg, ca, sr, ba are each individually in the range of 0-1, wherein mg+ca+sr+ba+k+ r+ l+n+c+nh=1, and with the values for m,t,g,s,zr,cl,b,i as indicated above. X is preferably fluorine (F). In an embodiment, M’xM2-2xAX6 comprises K2SiF6 (indicated herein also as KSiF system). As indicated above, in another preferred embodiment, M’xM2-2xAX6 comprises KRbSiF6 (i.e. r=0.5 and l,n,c,nh,t,g,s,zr,cl,b,i are 0) (herein also indicated as K,Rb system). As indicated above, part of silicon is replaced by manganese (i.e. the formula may also be described as K2Si1-mMnmF6 or KRbSi1-mMnmF6, with m as indicated above, or as KRbSiF6:Mn and K2SiF6:Mn, respectively). As manganese replaces part of a host lattice ion and has a specific function, it is also indicated as “dopant” or “activator”. Hence, the hexafluorosilicate is doped or activated with manganese (Mn4+). Here below, M’xM2-2xAX6 is also indicated as M’xM’’2-2xAX6. In specific embodiments, the indication M’xM2-2xAX6 may refer to one or more of (K,Rb)2SiF6:Mn4+, (K,Rb)2TiF6:Mn4+, K2(Si,Ti)F6:Mn4+, and Rb2(Si,Ti)F6:Mn4+, such as one or more of K2TiF6:Mn4+, of K2SiF6:Mn4+, and of Rb2SiF6:Mn4+. In embodiments, the second luminescent material may comprise (K,Rb)2SiF6:Mn4+. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material may comprise K2(Si,Ti)F6:Mn4+. In specific embodiments, the second luminescent material may especially comprise K2SiF6:Mn4+. Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments the second luminescent material may comprise K2TiF6:Mn4+. As can be derived from the above, “Si,Ti” may indicate one or more of Si and Ti. Hence, in specific embodiments, the second luminescent material may comprise one or more of (K,Rb)2SiF6:Mn4+ and K2(Si,Ti)F6:Mn4+. The luminescent material may also be coated, as also described in WO2013121355A1. Especially, the luminescent material may be comprised by the luminescent body. The luminescent body may be a layer, like a self-supporting layer. The luminescent body may also be a coating. The luminescent body may also comprise a luminescent coating on a support (especially a light transmissive support in the transmissive mode, or a reflective support in the reflective mode). Especially, the luminescent body may essentially be self- supporting. In embodiments, the luminescent body may comprise a light transmissive body, wherein the luminescent material is embedded. For instance, the luminescent body may
2023PF80216 21 comprise a glass body, with luminescent embedded therein. Or, the glass as such may be luminescent. In other embodiments, the luminescent body may comprise a polymeric body, with luminescent material embedded therein. The luminescent body may have any shape. In general, however, the luminescent body may comprise two essentially parallel faces (i.e. a first side and a second side), defining a height (of the luminescent body). Further, the luminescent body may comprise a third side (or “edge face”), bridging the first side and second side. The edge face may be curved in one or two dimensions. The edge face may be planar. The luminescent body may have a rectangular or circular cross-section, though other cross-sections may also be possible, like e.g. hexagonal, octagonal, etc. Hence, the luminescent body may have a circular cross-section, an oval cross-section, square, or non-square rectangular. In embodiments, the luminescent body may have an n-gonal cross-section, wherein n is at least 3, like 4 (square or rectangular cross-section), 5 (pentagonal cross-section), 6 (hexagonal cross-section), 8 (octagonal cross-section) or higher. The first side and second side may also be indicated as “main faces”, as they may especially provide the largest external area of the luminescent body. Perpendicular to the afore-mentioned cross-section, may be another cross- section, which may in embodiments be rectangular. Hence, the luminescent body may e.g. have a cubic shape, a (non-cubic) cuboid shape, an n-gonal prism shape with n being at least 5 (such as pentagonal prism, hexagonal prism), and a cylindrical shape. Other shapes, however, may also be possible. Especially, the luminescent body may have a cuboid shape, a cylindrical shape, or an n-gonal prism shape wherein n is 6 or 8. In embodiments, the luminescent body (or “body”) has lateral dimensions width or length (WB or LB) or diameter (DB) and a thickness or height (HB). In embodiments, (i) DB ≥ HB or (ii) WB ≥ HB and/or LB ≥ HB. The luminescent body may be transparent or light scattering. In embodiments, the luminescent body may comprise a ceramic luminescent material. In specific embodiments, LB ≤ 10 mm, such as especially LB ≤ 5mm, more especially LB ≤ 3mm, most especially LB ≤ 2 mm. In specific embodiments, WB ≤ 10 mm, such as especially WB ≤ 5mm, more especially WB ≤ 3mm, most especially WB ≤ 2 mm. In specific embodiments, HB ≤ 10 mm, such as especially HB ≤ 5mm, more especially HB ≤ 3mm, most especially HB ≤ 2 mm. In specific embodiments, DB ≤ 10 mm, such as especially DB ≤ 5mm, more especially DB ≤ 3mm, most especially DB ≤ 2 mm. In specific embodiments, the luminescent body may have a height (HB) in the range 50 µm - 1 mm. Further, the luminescent body may have lateral dimensions (width/diameter) in the range 100 µm – 10 mm. In yet further specific embodiments, (i) DB > HB or (ii) WB > HB and LB > HB. Especially, the lateral dimensions like length, width, and
2023PF80216 22 diameter are at least 2 times, like at least 5 larger than the height. In specific embodiments, the luminescent body has a first length LB, a first height HB, and a first width WB, wherein HB ≤ 0.5*LB and HB ≤ 0.5*WB. In embodiments, the luminescent body may be a (small) tile. According to another aspect, the invention may provide a light generating system comprising one or more light sources and the luminescent body as defined herein. In embodiments, the one or more light sources may be configured to generate light source light. Further, the one or more light sources may comprise one or more solid state light sources. Especially, the light source light may comprise blue light. In embodiments, the first luminescent material may be configured to convert at least part of the light source light received by the first luminescent material into first luminescent material light. Conversely, in embodiments, the second luminescent material may be configured to convert at least part of the (blue) light source light received by the second luminescent material into second luminescent material light. In embodiments, the luminescent body may be configured in a light-receiving relationship with the one or more light sources. Further, in embodiments, the luminescent body may be configured to convert at least part of the light source light into luminescent body light. Especially, in embodiments, the luminescent body light may comprise (one or more of) the first luminescent material light and the second luminescent material light. In embodiments, the light generating system may be configured to generate, in a first operational mode of the light generating system, system light comprising the luminescent body light. Hence, in specific embodiments, the invention provides a light generating system comprising one or more light sources and the luminescent body according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: (a) the one or more light sources are configured to generate light source light; wherein the one or more light sources comprises one or more solid state light sources; wherein the light source light comprises blue light; (b) the first luminescent material is configured to convert at least part of the light source light received by the first luminescent material into first luminescent material light, and the second luminescent material is configured to convert at least part of the blue light source light received by the second luminescent material into second luminescent material light; (c) the luminescent body is configured in a light-receiving relationship with the one or more light sources and is configured to convert at least part of the light source light into luminescent body light; wherein the luminescent body light comprises the first luminescent material light and the second luminescent material light; (d) the light generating system is configured to
2023PF80216 23 generate in a first operational mode of the system, system light comprising the luminescent body light. Such a system may provide, with one luminescent body, multiple types (e.g. multiple colors) of luminescent material light. Hence, in embodiments, such a system may facilitate the generation of system light with a relatively high color consistency. In embodiments, the luminescent body may be configured to convert light source light received by the luminescent body into luminescent body light. Hence, the luminescent body may be configured in the system such that, together with one or more optical elements, at least part of the light source light may reach the luminescent body, such as 70-100% of the light source light. In embodiments, the luminescent body light may comprise one or more of the first luminescent material light, the second luminescent material light, and (optionally) the third luminescent material light. In embodiments, the first luminescent material may be configured to convert light source light received by the first luminescent material into first luminescent material, wherein the first luminescent material light may have a first centroid wavelength λc1. In embodiments, the first luminescent material may especially comprise one or more of an yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, a lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+, and a hybrid garnet A3Al5O12:Ce3+, wherein A in this hybrid embodiment comprises both Y and Lu. Further, in embodiments, the first centroid wavelength λc1 may be selected from the range of 505-590 nm, such as from the range of 510-570 nm. In specific embodiments, the first luminescent material may comprise a primary first luminescent material and a secondary first luminescent material, wherein the primary first luminescent material may be configured to convert light source light received by the primary first luminescent material into primary first luminescent material light, and wherein the secondary first luminescent material may be configured to convert light source light received by the secondary first luminescent material into secondary first luminescent material light. In embodiments, the primary first luminescent material light may comprise light having a centroid wavelength selected from the range of 550-590 nm, and the secondary first luminescent material light may comprise light having a centroid wavelength selected from the range of 495-550 nm. Yet, in embodiments, the primary first luminescent material light may comprise yellow light, and the secondary first luminescent material light may comprise green light. Further, in embodiments, the first centroid wavelength λc1 may be at least 20 nm, such as at least 30 nm, smaller than a peak wavelength λp of the light source light. Especially, in embodiments, the first luminescent material light may comprise one or more of yellow
2023PF80216 24 light and green light. Further, in second luminescent material may be configured to convert light source light received by the second luminescent material into second luminescent material light, wherein the second luminescent material light may have a second centroid wavelength λc2. In embodiments, the second centroid wavelength λc2 may be selected from the range of 580-780 nm, such as from the range of 590-740 nm, especially from the range of 595-700 nm, more especially from the range of 600-650 nm. Especially, in embodiments, the second centroid wavelength λc2 may be selected from the range of 600-680 nm, such as from the range of 610-665 nm, especially from the range of 620-640 nm, more especially from the range of 627-633 nm. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent material light may comprise red light. Further, in embodiments, the second centroid wavelength λc2 may be larger than the first centroid wavelength λc1, λc1 ≤ λc2. In embodiments, the first centroid wavelength λc1 may be at least 10 nm, such as at least 15 nm smaller than the second centroid wavelength λc2. Hence, in specific embodiments, the first luminescent material light may have a first centroid wavelength λc1 and the second luminescent material light may have a second centroid wavelength λc2, wherein λc1 ≤ λc2. In embodiments, the optional third luminescent material may be configured to convert light source light received by the third luminescent material into third luminescent material light, wherein the third luminescent material light may have a third centroid wavelength λc3. In embodiments, the third centroid wavelength λc3 may be selected from the range of 500-660 nm, such as from the range of 525-660 nm, especially from the range of 545-650 nm. Hence, in embodiments, the third luminescent material light may comprise green light. Further, in embodiments, the third luminescent material light may comprise orange and/or red light. Yet, in embodiments the third luminescent material light having a third centroid wavelength λc3 selected from the range of 500-570 nm, especially from the range of 520-550 nm. Further, in embodiments, the third luminescent material light may comprise light having a third centroid wavelength λc3 selected from the range of 600-660, especially from the range of 605-650 nm. Especially, in embodiments, the third luminescent material light may comprise one or more of red light, orange light, yellow light, and green light. In embodiments, the third luminescent material light may have a relatively broad spectral power distribution. This may increase the color rendering index of the system light. The term “centroid wavelength”, also indicated as λc, is known in the art, and refers to the wavelength value where half of the light energy is at shorter and half the energy is at longer wavelengths; the value is stated in nanometers (nm). It is the wavelength that divides the integral of a spectral power distribution into two equal parts as expressed by the
2023PF80216 25 formula λc = Σ λ*I(λ) / (Σ I( λ)), where the is over the wavelength range of interest, and I(λ) is the spectral energy density (i.e. the integration of the product of the wavelength and the intensity over the emission band normalized to the integrated intensity). The centroid wavelength may e.g. be determined at operation conditions. In embodiments, light source light may comprise blue light. Further, in embodiments, the light source light may have a light source light centroid wavelength λc,s. In embodiments, the light source light centroid wavelength λc,s may be selected from the range of 430-490 nm, such as from the range of 440-480 nm, especially from the range of 450-470 nm. In embodiments, the light source light may thus be absorbed (and converted) by one or more of the first luminescent material, the second luminescent material, and the optional third luminescent material. Further, in embodiments, at least 70%, like at least 80%, especially at least 90% of the light source light may be absorbed by one or more of the first luminescent material, the second luminescent material, and the optional third luminescent material. In specific embodiments, (essentially) all (i.e.100%) of the light source light may be absorbed by one or more of the first luminescent material, the second luminescent material, and the optional third luminescent material. Yet, in embodiments, at most 98%, such as at most 95%, especially at most 90% of the light source light may be absorbed by one or more of the first luminescent material, the second luminescent material, and the optional third luminescent material. Hence, in embodiments, the system light may comprise (blue) light source light. Further, in embodiments, the light generating system may be configured to provide, in an operational mode, white system light. In such embodiments, the white system light may comprise one or more of (blue) system light, (yellow and/or green) first luminescent material light, (red) second luminescent material light (, and optionally third luminescent material light). Especially, the white system light may comprise first luminescent material light, second luminescent material light, and optionally light source light. In embodiments, the system light may have a spectral power distribution in the wavelength range of 380-780. In such embodiments, at least 65%, such as at least 75%, especially at least 85% of the spectral power (in the wavelength range of 380-780) may be provided by the first luminescent material light and/or the second luminescent material light. Further, at most 98%, such as at most 95%, especially at most 90% of the spectral power (in the wavelength range of 380-780) may be provided by the first luminescent material light and/or the second luminescent material light. In embodiments, in an operational mode of the light generating system, the system light may have a color rendering index selected from the range of at least 80, such as
2023PF80216 26 from the range of at least 85, especially from range of at least 90. Further, the system light may have a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 1500-6500 K, such as from the range of 1600-4500 K, especially from the range of 1700-2500 K. Hence, in specific embodiments, the following may apply: (a) the light source light may comprise blue light; (b) the second luminescent material light may comprise red light, and the first luminescent material light may comprise one or more of yellow light and green light; (c) the light generating system may be configured to provide in an operational mode white system light comprising first luminescent material light, second luminescent material light, and optionally light source light ; and (d) the system light may have a color rendering index of at least 80, and a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 1500-6500 K. Such a configuration may provide system light suitable for color-sensitive work (e.g. art restoration). Further, such as system may provide white system light having either a “warm” or “cold” color. A “warm” color may be desirable for household lighting (e.g. to promote relaxation), while a “cold” color may be desirable for office lighting (e.g. to enhance concentration). Hence, a light generating system configured to generate white system light having a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 1500-6500 K may be used for multiple environments and applications. In embodiments, the one or more light sources and the luminescent body may be arranged in several configurations with respect to each other. Such embodiments will be discussed below. In embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a Chip-on-Board (CoB). The term “Chip-on-Board” (or “COB”) especially refers to LED chips in the form of a semiconductor chip that is neither encased nor connected but directly mounted onto a substrate, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), wherein a single luminescent body is configured in a light-receiving relationship with (all of) said LED chips. Hence, a plurality of light emitting semiconductor light sources may be configured on the same substrate. In embodiments, a COB is a multi LED chip configured together as a single lighting module. In embodiments, the Chip-on-Board may thus comprise a plurality of light sources. Further, the Chip-on-Board may comprise the luminescent body. Especially, the luminescent body may be configured on top of the plurality of light sources. Hence, in specific embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a Chip-on-Board, wherein the Chip-on-Board may comprise (i) a plurality of light sources and (ii) the luminescent body, wherein the luminescent body may be configured on top of the plurality of light sources. Such a CoB system may provide relatively high intensity system light from a relatively small surface area.
2023PF80216 27 Further, such a CoB system may reduce the of areas with higher and lower intensity within a lighting device (such as a LED strip), thereby providing a more homogeneous illumination by the lighting device. Further, in embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a LED filament, i.e. a plurality of LEDs arranged on a first major surface of an elongated carrier. In embodiments, a LED filament may consist of multiple series-connected LEDs on a translucent (e.g. transparent) substrate (e.g. glass or sapphire materials). The translucent substrate may in embodiments facilitate an even and/or uniform dispersion of the light source light (in all directions). In embodiments, the LEDs may be placed on one or more sides of said substrate, such as on two (opposite) sides. Further, the LED filament may comprise an even coating comprising a luminescent body (optionally in a (silicon) binder). Further, a LED filament may comprise an array of a plurality of light sources (such as LEDs) arranged on (a first major surface of) an elongated carrier, wherein an (elongated) encapsulant is covering the plurality of LEDs and at least part of (said first major surface of) said elongated carrier, wherein the encapsulant may comprise the luminescent body. Especially, in embodiments, the luminescent body may be configured as an elongated encapsulant covering the plurality of light sources (i.e. LEDs) and at least part of the elongated carrier. In embodiments, the LED filament may (further) comprise an array of a plurality of light sources (such as LEDs) arranged on a second major surface of an elongated carrier, wherein an encapsulant is covering the plurality of LEDs and at least part of said second major surface of said elongated carrier. Hence, a LED filament may comprise an array of a plurality of light sources (such as LEDs) arranged on a first and second major surface of an elongated carrier. Hence, the LED filament may comprise a plurality of light sources. Further, the LED filament may comprise the luminescent body. Especially, the luminescent body may be configured surrounding the plurality of light sources. Hence, in specific embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a LED filament, wherein the LED filament may comprise (i) a plurality of light sources and (ii) the luminescent body, wherein the luminescent body may be configured surrounding the plurality of light sources. Further, in specific embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a LED filament, wherein the LED filament may comprise (i) a plurality of light sources arranged on an elongated carrier and (ii) the luminescent body, wherein the luminescent body may be configured as an elongated encapsulant covering the plurality of light sources and at least part of the elongated carrier. In embodiments, the elongated carrier may comprise a first face and a second face parallel to an axis of elongation of the elongated carrier, wherein the plurality of light sources
2023PF80216 28 may be arranged on at least the first face. in embodiments, the LED filament may comprise a second encapsulant, wherein the second encapsulant may be configured covering at least part of the second face, and wherein the second encapsulant may comprise one or more of the luminescent body, the first luminescent material (particles), and the second luminescent material (particles). Yet, in embodiments, the elongated encapsulant (such as the luminescent body) may be configured (at least partially) covering the first face and the second face. In further embodiments, the plurality of light sources may be arranged on the first face and the second face, wherein both sides may be at least partially covered by the luminescent body. Such a LED filament may for instance be used in decorative light bulbs, to simulate the filaments of incandescent light bulbs. Yet, in embodiments, the luminescent body may not be configured in (physical) contact with the one or more (such as the plurality of) light sources. Hence, in embodiments, the luminescent body may be configured at a non-zero distance d1 from the one or more light sources. Especially, the one or more light sources may have a face, such as a face comprising a light escape surface (see below). In embodiments, the luminescent body may be configured at a distance d1 from said face of the one or more light sources. For example, the one or more light sources may be configured on a (bottom) inner surface of a housing unit, wherein the luminescent body is comprised by a light exit window comprised by a second (top) surface of said housing unit. In embodiments, the distance d1 may be selected from the range of ≥ 5 µm, such as from the range of ≥ 15 µm, especially from the range of ≥ 50 µm. Further, the distance d1 may be selected from the range of ≤ 50 cm, such as from the range of ≤ 30 cm, especially from the range of ≤ 10 cm. Further, in specific embodiments, the luminescent body may be physically separated from the one or more light sources (i.e. no physical contact). Further, in embodiments, the light generating system may comprise one or more light sources (such as a plurality of light sources) and one or more luminescent bodies (such as a plurality of luminescent bodies). In such embodiments, each of the one or more (or plurality of) luminescent bodies may be in a light-receiving relationship with one of the one or more (or plurality of) light sources. Especially, in such embodiments, each of the one or more (or plurality of) light sources may have a luminescent body configured on top of said light source. In embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a second luminescent body. In embodiments, the second luminescent body may comprise a luminescent material different from the first luminescent material and/or the second
2023PF80216 29 luminescent material. Yet, in embodiments, luminescent body may comprise one or more of the first luminescent material and/or the second luminescent material. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent body may comprise one or more of the first luminescent material particles and the second luminescent material particles. Alternatively, the second luminescent body may not comprise the first luminescent material particles and the second luminescent material particles. In embodiments, the second luminescent body may comprise the third luminescent material. Further, the second luminescent body may be configured in a light-receiving relationship with (a subset of) the one or more light sources. Especially, the second luminescent body may be configured to convert at least part of the light source light received by the second luminescent body into second luminescent body light. In embodiments, the second luminescent body light may have a different spectral power distribution than the luminescent body light. Especially, the second luminescent body light may have a different centroid wavelength than the luminescent body light, such as a smaller centroid wavelength. Alternatively, the second luminescent body light may have a larger centroid wavelength than the luminescent body light. In embodiment, the light generating system may be configured to provide in an operational mode system light comprising one or more of the luminescent body light and the second luminescent body light. Further, in embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a second light source. Note that “a second light source” may also refer to one or more, such as a plurality of second light source. Hence, in embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a plurality of second light sources. In embodiments, the second light source may be configured to generate second light source light. The second light source light may in embodiments have the same spectral power distribution as the light source light. Yet, in embodiments, the second light source light may have a different spectral power distribution as the light source light. In embodiments, the second light source light may comprise blue light. Further, in embodiments, the luminescent body may not be configured in a light- receiving relationship with the second light source. Yet, in embodiments, the second luminescent body may be configured in a light-receiving relationship with the second light source. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent body may not be configured in a light-receiving relationship with the second light source , and (unconverted) (blue) second light source light may exit the light generating system. In such embodiments, the light generating system may be configured to provide in an operational mode white system light comprising first luminescent material light, second luminescent material light, and the second light source light.
2023PF80216 30 Further, in embodiments, the generating system may comprise a diffuser element. Herein, the term “diffuser element” may refer to an element that diffuses or scatters light, such that soft light may be transmitted and/or reflected. In embodiments, such a diffuser element may comprise a diffusing material, such as one or more selected from the group comprising a glass, a polymeric material, a fabric, and a gel. An example of a reflective diffuser element may be a metallic coated glass diffuser showing 95-98% reflectance. In embodiments, the second light source light may pass through a diffuser element to generate diffused second light source light, wherein the diffused second light source light may especially comprise diffused blue light. Further, in embodiments, the (diffused) second light source light may be mixed with the luminescent body light (comprising the first luminescent material light and the second luminescent material light) in the light generating system, wherein the combined luminescent body light and second light source light may be comprised by the system light. Thus, the light generating system may be configured to generate, in a first operational mode of the light generating system, system light comprising luminescent body light and second light source light. Hence, in specific embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a second light source, wherein the second light source may be configured to generate second light source light, wherein the second light source light may comprises blue light; wherein the light generating system may be configured to provide in an operational mode white system light comprising first luminescent material light, second luminescent material light, and the second light source light. Such a system may facilitate the full conversion of the light source light by the luminescent body. Further, by increasing or decreasing the relative intensity of the second light source compared to the light source, the color point and/or correlated color temperature of the system light may be adjusted. Further, by adjusting the relative intensities of the light source light (and/or second light source light) on the luminescent body and the second luminescent body, the color rendering index of the system light may be adjusted. Hence, in embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a control system. In embodiments, the control system may be configured to control one or more of the light source and the second light source. Further, the control system may be configured to control one or more optics comprised by the light generating system. Hence, in specific embodiments, the light generating system may comprise a control system, wherein the control system may be configured to control one or more of the color point, correlated color temperature, and color rendering index of the system light. The terms “color point”,
2023PF80216 31 “correlated color temperature”, and “color index” are known to a person skilled in the art. In yet a further aspect, the invention also provides a lamp or a luminaire comprising the light generating system as defined herein. The luminaire may further comprise a housing, optical elements, louvres, etc. etc... The lamp or luminaire may further comprise a housing enclosing the light generating system. The lamp or luminaire may comprise a light window in the housing or a housing opening, through which the system light may escape from the housing. In yet a further aspect, the invention also provides a projection device comprising the light generating system as defined herein. Especially, a projection device or “projector” or “image projector” may be an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, such as e.g. a projection screen. The projection device may include one or more light generating systems such as described herein. Hence, in an aspect the invention also provides a lighting device selected from the group of a lamp, a luminaire, a projector device, a disinfection device, a photochemical reactor, and an optical wireless communication device, comprising the light generating system as defined herein. The lighting device may comprise a housing or a carrier, configured to house or support, one or more elements of the light generating system. For instance, in embodiments the lighting device may comprise a housing or a carrier, configured to house or support one or more of the light source and the luminescent body. The term “light source” may in principle relate to any light source known in the art. The term “light source” may also relate to a plurality of light sources, such as 2-2000 (solid state) LED light sources. Hence, the term LED may also refer to a plurality of LEDs. The light source may have a light escape surface. Referring to conventional light sources such as light bulbs or fluorescent lamps, it may be an outer surface of a glass or a quartz envelope. For LED’s it may for instance be the LED die, or when a resin is applied to the LED die, the outer surface of the resin. The term escape surface especially relates to that part of the light source, where the light actually leaves or escapes from the light source. The light source may be configured to provide a beam of light. This beam of light (thus) escapes from the light exit surface of the light source. Further, a light generating system may comprise a light escape surface, such as a light exit. This may be a light transmissive window or an opening (in the system). The light transmissive window may in embodiments be provided by an optical component. The term “light source” may refer to a semiconductor light-emitting device, such as a light emitting diode (LEDs), a laser diode, a resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED), a vertical cavity laser diode (VCSELs), an edge emitting laser (EEL), a
2023PF80216 32 photonic crystal surface emitting laser a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL), etc... The term “light source” may also refer to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). In a specific embodiment, the light source comprises a solid-state light source (such as an LED or laser diode). The terms “light source” or “solid state light source” may also refer to a superluminescent diode (SLED). The light source may especially be configured to generate light source light having an optical axis (O), (a beam shape,) and a spectral power distribution. The light source light may in embodiments comprise one or more bands, having band widths as known for lasers. In embodiments, the term “light source” may also refer to a combination of a light source, like an LED, and an optical filter, which may change the spectral power distribution of the light generated by the light source. The phrases “different light sources” or “a plurality of different light sources”, and similar phrases, may in embodiments refer to a plurality of solid-state light sources selected from at least two different bins. Likewise, the phrases “identical light sources” or “a plurality of same light sources”, and similar phrases, may in embodiments refer to a plurality of solid-state light sources selected from the same bin. The term “solid state light source”, or “solid state material light source”, and similar terms, may especially refer to semiconductor light sources, such as a light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode, or a superluminescent diode. Hence, in specific embodiments, the one or more light sources may be selected from the group of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and superluminescent diodes. In specific embodiments, the light source light may be blue light. The terms “blue light” or “blue emission”, and similar terms, may especially relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 430-490 nm (including some violet and cyan hues). In specific embodiments, the blue light may have a centroid wavelength in the 430-490 nm range, such as in the 440-490 nm range. In specific embodiments, the peak wavelength of the light source light is selected from the blue wavelength range. The light generating system may be part of or may be applied in e.g. office lighting systems, household application systems, shop lighting systems, home lighting systems, accent lighting systems, spot lighting systems, theater lighting systems, fiber-optics application systems, projection systems, self-lit display systems, pixelated display systems, segmented display systems, warning sign systems, medical lighting application systems, indicator sign systems, decorative lighting systems, portable systems, automotive applications, (outdoor) road lighting systems, urban lighting systems, green house lighting systems, horticulture lighting, digital projection, or LCD backlighting. The light generating
2023PF80216 33 system (or luminaire) may be part of or may in e.g. optical communication systems or disinfection systems. The term “white light”, and similar terms, herein, is known to the person skilled in the art. It may especially relate to light having a correlated color temperature (CCT) between about 1800 K and 20000 K, such as between 2000 and 20000 K, especially 2700- 20000 K, for general lighting especially in the range of about 2000-7000 K, such as in the range of 2700 K and 6500 K. In embodiments, e.g. for backlighting purposes, or for other purposes, the correlated color temperature (CCT) may especially be in the range of about 7000 K and 20000 K. Yet further, in embodiments the correlated color temperature (CCT) is especially within about 15 SDCM (standard deviation of color matching) from the BBL (black body locus), especially within about 10 SDCM from the BBL, even more especially within about 5 SDCM from the BBL. The terms “visible”, “visible light” or “visible emission” and similar terms refer to light having one or more wavelengths in the range of about 380-780 nm. Herein, UV may especially refer to a wavelength selected from the range of 190-380 nm, such as 200-380 nm. The terms “light” and “radiation” are herein interchangeably used, unless clear from the context that the term “light” only refers to visible light. The terms “light” and “radiation” may thus refer to UV radiation, visible light, and IR radiation. In specific embodiments, especially for lighting applications, the terms “light” and “radiation” refer to (at least) visible light. The terms “violet light” or “violet emission” especially relates to light having a wavelength in the range of about 380-440 nm. The terms “blue light” or “blue emission” especially relates to light having a wavelength in the range of about 440-495 nm (including some violet and cyan hues). The terms “green light” or “green emission” especially relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 495-570 nm. The terms “yellow light” or “yellow emission” especially relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 570-590 nm. The terms “orange light” or “orange emission” especially relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 590-620 nm. The terms “red light” or “red emission” especially relate to light having a wavelength in the range of about 620-780 nm. The term “pink light” or “pink emission” refers to light having a blue and a red component. The term “cyan” may refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of about 490-520 nm. The term “amber” may refer to one or more wavelengths selected from the range of about 585-605 nm, such as about 590-600 nm. The phrase “light having one or more wavelengths in a wavelength range” and similar phrases may especially indicate that the indicated light (or radiation) has a spectral power distribution with at least intensity or intensities at these one or more wavelengths in the indicate wavelength range. For instance, a
2023PF80216 34 blue emitting solid state light source will spectral power distribution with intensities at one or more wavelengths in the 440-495 nm wavelength range. The term “controlling” and similar terms especially refer at least to determining the behavior or supervising the running of an element. Hence, herein “controlling” and similar terms may e.g. refer to imposing behavior to the element (determining the behavior or supervising the running of an element), etc., such as e.g. measuring, displaying, actuating, opening, shifting, etc.. Beyond that, the term “controlling” and similar terms may include monitoring. Hence, the term “controlling” may include imposing behavior on an element and monitoring the element. The controlling of the element can be done with a control system, which may also be indicated as “controller”. The control system and the element may thus at least temporarily, or permanently, functionally be coupled. Control can be done via wired and/or wireless control. The term “control system” may also refer to a plurality of different control systems, which especially are functionally coupled, and of which e.g. one control system may be a master control system and one or more others may be slave control systems. A control system may comprise or may be functionally coupled to a user interface. The control system may be configured to receive and execute instructions from a remote control. In embodiments, the control system may be controlled via an App on a (remote) device, such as a portable device, like a Smartphone or I- phone, a tablet, etc.. The device is thus not necessarily coupled to the light generating system, but may be (temporarily) functionally coupled to the light generating system. In embodiments, the control system may control the light generating system or the lighting device in dependence of one or more of an input signal of a user interface, a sensor signal (of a sensor), and a timer. The term “timer” may refer to a clock and/or a predetermined time scheme. The system, or apparatus, or device may execute an action in an “operational mode”. The term “operational mode may also be indicated as “controlling mode”. Likewise, an action may be executed in an “operational mode”. This does not exclude that the system or device may also be adapted for providing another controlling mode, or a plurality of other controlling modes. Likewise, this may not exclude that before executing the mode and/or after executing the mode one or more other modes may be executed. In embodiments a control system may provide at least the controlling mode. The operational mode may in embodiments also refer to a system, or device, that can only operate in a single operational mode (i.e. “on”, without further tunability).
2023PF80216 35 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts, and in which: Figs.1 schematically depicts embodiments of the luminescent body; Figs.2 schematically depicts embodiments of the light generating system; Figs.3 schematically depicts further embodiments of the light generating system; and Fig.4 schematically depicts embodiments of the lighting device. The schematic drawings are not necessarily to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS Fig.1A schematically depicts an embodiment of the luminescent body 2000. The luminescent body 2000 may comprise first luminescent material particles 2100, second luminescent material particles 2200, and a main matrix material 700. Especially, the first luminescent material particles 2100 and the second luminescent material particles 2200 may be configured embedded in the main matrix material 700. In embodiments, the first luminescent material particles 2100 may comprise a first luminescent material 210 of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, wherein A comprises one or more of Y, La, Gd, Tb and Lu, and wherein B comprises one or more of Al, Ga, In and Sc. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles 2200 may comprise a second particle matrix material 720 and primary particles 2300 comprising a second luminescent material 220. The primary particles 2300 may especially be configured embedded in the second particle matrix material 720. In embodiments, the second luminescent material 220 may comprise a luminescent material of the type M’xM2-2xAX6 doped with tetravalent manganese, wherein M’ comprises an alkaline earth cation, wherein M comprises an alkaline cation, wherein A comprises a tetravalent cation, and wherein X comprises a monovalent anion, at least comprising fluorine (F). In embodiments, the second luminescent material 220 may comprise one or more of (K,Rb)2SiF6:Mn4+ and K2(Si,Ti)F6:Mn4+. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent material 220 may comprise K2SiF6:Mn4+. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material particles 2100 may have a first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1. In Fig.1A(I), the equivalent circular diameter of a single first luminescent particle is indicated by D’1. Further, the second luminescent material particles 2200 may have a second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2. Similarly, the equivalent circular diameter of a
2023PF80216 36 single second luminescent particle is D’2 in Fig.1A(I). Further yet, in embodiments, the primary particles 2300 may have a third number averaged equivalent circular diameter D3, where in Fig.1A(I) the equivalent circular diameter of a single primary particle is indicated by D’3. In embodiments, D3 ≤ 0.3*D2. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, D3 ≤ 0.3*D1. Further, in embodiments, the first number averaged equivalent circular diameter D1 may not be equal to the second number averaged equivalent circular diameter D2. Hence, as depicted in Fig.1A(I) and Fig.1A (III), the first luminescent material particles may be larger than the second luminescent material particles. Yet, as depicted in Fig.1A(IV), the first luminescent material particles may be smaller than the second luminescent material particles. Especially, in embodiments, 0.5 ≤ D2/D1 ≤ 2. In embodiments, the first luminescent material particles may have a first aspect ratio AR1, selected from the range of 0.5-3. In embodiments wherein AR1 = 1, the first luminescent material particles may especially have a circular shape (as shown in Fig.1A). Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles may have a second aspect ratio AR2, selected from the range of 0.5-15. In embodiments wherein AR2 ≥ 2, the second luminescent material particles may especially have an elongated shape. This is especially depicted in Fig.1A(II). In embodiments (as e.g. depicted in Fig.1A(II)), AR2 ≥ 2*AR1. In embodiments, the main matrix material 700 may comprise an optically transparent material. Especially, the main matrix material 700 may comprise a material selected from the group comprising glass, polycarbonate, (clear) PVC, liquid silicone rubber, cyclic olefin copolymers, fluorinated ethylene propylene, styrene methyl methacrylate, polysiloxanes, and PMMA. In specific embodiments, the main matrix material 700 may comprise a crosslinked polysiloxane (e.g. PDMS). Further, in embodiments, the second particle matrix material 720 may comprise an optically transparent material, such as e.g. a crosslinked polysiloxane. Hence, in embodiments, one or more of the main matrix material 700 and the second particle matrix material 720 may comprise a crosslinked polysiloxane. In embodiments, the second particle matrix material 720 may have a refractive index np. In embodiments, the refractive index np may be selected from the range of 1.1-2.3. Additionally, in embodiments, the main matrix material 700 may have a refractive index nm. In embodiments, the refractive index nm may be selected from the range of 1.1-2.3. In embodiments, the refractive index np of the second particle matrix material 720 may be higher than the refractive index nm of the main matrix material 700. Further, in embodiments, the primary particles 2300 (comprising second luminescent material 220) may have a refractive index nl. In embodiments, the refractive index nl may be selected from the range of
2023PF80216 37 1.0-2.0. Further, in embodiments, the index np of the second particle matrix material 720 may be higher than the refractive index nl of the primary particles 2300 comprising second luminescent material 220. As indicated, the first luminescent material particles 2100 and the second luminescent material particles 2200 may be configured embedded in the main matrix material 700. Further, the second luminescent material particles 2200 may comprise the primary particles 2300. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles 2200 may comprise primary particles 2300 in a primary particle concentration Cp selected from the range of 10-40% (v/v%). Additionally, the main matrix material 700 may comprise the first luminescent material particles 2100 in a first luminescent material particle concentration C1, and the second luminescent material particles 2200 in a second luminescent material particle concentration C2. In embodiments, a (combined) luminescent material particle concentration C1+2 may be selected from the range of 3-30% (v/v%) (relative to the first volume V1). In embodiments, the first volume V1 may be the combined volume of (i) the main matrix material 700, (ii) the first luminescent particles 2100, (iii) the second luminescent particles 2200, and (optionally) (iv) the third luminescent material 230 (see Fig.1B). In embodiments, C2 ≥ 1.5*C1. Further, in embodiments, Cp ≥ Cl+2. Fig.1B schematically depicts a further embodiment of the luminescent body 2000. In embodiments, the first luminescent material 210 may comprise at least two luminescent materials of the type A3B5O12:Ce3+, such as at least (Yx1’Lux2’A’x3’Cex4’)3B5O12 and (Yx1”Lux2”A’x3”Cex4”)3B5O12. In such embodiments, the first luminescent material 210 may comprise a primary first luminescent material 210’ such as (Yx1’Lux2’A’x3’Cex4’)3B5O12, and a secondary first luminescent material 210” such as (Yx1”Lux2”A’x3”Cex4”)3B5O12, wherein x2" > x2’. In embodiments, the secondary first luminescent material 210” may thus comprise on a molar basis more Lu than the primary first luminescent material 210’. Further, in embodiments, the primary first luminescent material 210’ may comprise on a molar basis more Y than the secondary first luminescent material 210”, x1’ > x1”. In embodiments, x2’ may be equal to zero. Further, in embodiments, the main matrix material 700 may comprise a third luminescent material 230. In embodiments, the third luminescent material 230 may be selected from a divalent europium comprising oxynitride luminescent material and a divalent europium comprising nitride luminescent material. Yet, in embodiments, the second luminescent material particles 2200 may comprise the third luminescent material 230. In such
2023PF80216 38 embodiments, especially the second particle material 720 may comprise the third luminescent material 230. Fig.2A schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating system 1000. The light generating system 1000 may comprise one or more light sources 1100 and the luminescent body 2000 as described herein. In embodiments, the one or more light sources 1100 may be configured to generate light source light 1101. Further, in embodiments, the one or more light sources 1100 may comprise one or more solid state light sources. Especially, the one or more light sources 1100 may be selected from the group of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and superluminescent diodes. In embodiments, the light source light 1101 may comprise blue light. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material 210 may be configured to convert at least part of the light source light 1101 received by the first luminescent material 210 into first luminescent material light 211. Conversely, the second luminescent material 220 may be configured to convert at least part of the (blue) light source light 1101 received by the second luminescent material 220 into second luminescent material light 221. Hence, in embodiments, the luminescent body 2000 may be configured in a light-receiving relationship with the one or more light sources 1100. Especially, the luminescent body 2000 may be configured to convert at least part of the light source light 1101 into luminescent body light 2001. However, as depicted in Fig.1B, in embodiments some light source light 1101 may be transmitted through the luminescent body 2000. In embodiments, the luminescent body light 2001 may thus comprise the first luminescent material light 211 and the second luminescent material light 221. Further, in embodiments, the light generating system 1000 may be configured to generate in a first operational mode of the light generating system 1000 system light 1001 comprising the luminescent body light 2001. Additionally or alternatively, the light generating system 1000 may be configured to generate in a first operational mode of the light generating system 1000 system light 1001 comprising the luminescent body light 2001 and part of the light source light 1101. Fig.2A may especially schematically depict an embodiment of the light generating system 1000 wherein the light generating system 1000 may comprise a Chip-on- Board (CoB) 3000. In embodiments, the Chip-on-Board 3000 may comprise a plurality of light sources 1100. Further, the Chip-on-Board 3000 may comprise the luminescent body 2000. Especially, in a light generating system 1000 comprising a Chip-on-Board 3000, the luminescent body 2000 may be configured on top of the plurality of light sources 1100. Especially, as depicted in Fig.2A, in a light generating system 1000 comprising a Chip-on-
2023PF80216 39 Board 3000, the plurality of light sources (all) be covered by the same luminescent body 2000. Further, the light generating system 1000 may comprise a control system 300. In embodiments, the second luminescent material light 221 may comprise red light. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent material light 221 may have a second centroid wavelength λc2, selected from the range of 580-780 nm, such as from the range of 600-680. Further, in embodiments, the first luminescent material light 211 may comprise one or more of yellow light and green light. Especially, in embodiments, the first luminescent material light 211 may have a first centroid wavelength λc1, selected from the range of 495-590 nm. Hence, in embodiments, the second centroid wavelength λc2 may be larger than the first centroid wavelength λc1, λc1 ≤ λc2. In embodiments, the light generating system 1000 may be configured to provide in an operational mode white system light 1001 comprising first luminescent material light 211, second luminescent material light 221, and optionally light source light 1101. In embodiments, the system light 1001 may have a color rendering index of at least 80, and a correlated color temperature selected from the range of 1500-6500 K. Further, in embodiments, the system light 1001 may have a spectral power distribution in the wavelength range of 380-780 nm, with at least 85% of a spectral power provided by the first luminescent material light 211 and the second luminescent material light 221. Fig.2B schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating system 1000 comprising a second luminescent body 2500. The second luminescent body 2500 may be configured in a light-receiving relationship with (a subset of) the one or more light sources 1100. In the embodiment depicted in Fig.2B, the luminescent body 2000 is configured on top of a first of the one or more light sources 1100 (comprising a solid state light source 10), and the second luminescent body 2500 is configured on top of a second of the one or more light sources 1100. In embodiments, the second luminescent body 2500 may be configured to convert at least part of the light source light 1101 (received by the second luminescent body 2500) into second luminescent body light 2501. In embodiments, the second luminescent body light 2501 may have a different spectral power distribution than the luminescent body light 2001. Especially, in embodiments, the second luminescent body 2500 may provide second luminescent body light 2501 with a different color point than the luminescent body light 2001. Further, in embodiments, the second luminescent body 2500 may provide second luminescent body light 2501 with a different correlated color temperature and/or color rendering index than the luminescent body light 2001. In embodiments, the light generating system 1000 may be configured to provide in an operational mode system light 1001
2023PF80216 40 comprising one or more of the luminescent light 2001 and the second luminescent body light 2501. In such embodiments, the control system 300 may be configured to control the relative intensities of the luminescent body light 2001 and the second luminescent body light 2501. Hence, in embodiments, the control system 300 may be configured to control one or more of the color point, correlated color temperature, and color rendering index of the system light 1001. Fig.2C schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating system 1000 comprising a LED filament 4000. In embodiments, the LED filament 4000 may comprise a plurality of light sources 1100. The plurality of light sources 1100 may especially be configured on (both sides of) a transparent substrate. Further, the LED filament 4000 may comprise an even coating comprising the luminescent body 2000 (optionally in a (silicon) binder). Hence, the LED filament 4000 may comprise the luminescent body 2000, wherein the luminescent body 2000 is configured surrounding the plurality of light sources 1100. Further, in embodiments, the light generating system 1000 may comprise a LED filament 4000, wherein the LED filament 4000 may comprise a plurality of light sources 11000 arranged on an elongated carrier. In such embodiments, the luminescent body 2000 may be configured as an elongated encapsulant covering the plurality of light sources 1100 and at least part of the elongated carrier. In embodiments, the elongated carrier may comprise a first face and a second face parallel to an axis of elongation of the elongated carrier, wherein the plurality of light sources 1100 may be arranged on at least the first face. Further, in embodiments, the LED filament 4000 may comprise a second encapsulant, wherein the second encapsulant may be configured covering at least part of the second face, and wherein the second encapsulant may comprise one or more of the luminescent body 2000, the first luminescent material 210 (particles 2100), and the second luminescent material 220 (particles 2200). Such embodiments are not depicted here. Fig.3A schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating system 1000 further comprising a second light source 20. The second light source 20 may be configured to generate second light source light 21. In embodiments, the second light source light 21 may especially comprise blue light. Further, the light generating system may comprise one or more optical elements. Especially, as depicted in Fig.3A, the light generating system may comprise one or more optical elements 610, such as one or more lenses 610’ and a dichroic mirror 610”. In embodiments, the one or more lenses 610’ may be configured to collimate, homogenize, focus, converge, diverge and/or refract incoming light (here a collimating lens is depicted). Further, in embodiments, the one or more lenses 610’
2023PF80216 41 may comprise a micro lens array and/or a lens. Additionally or alternatively, in embodiments, the dichroic mirror 610” may be configured (i) to reflect at least part of the luminescent body light 2001 (comprising the first luminescent material light 211, the second luminescent material light 221, and the optional third luminescent material light 231) and/or the light source light 1101, and to transmit at least part of the second light source light 21, or (ii) to transmit at least part of the luminescent body light 2001 and/or the light source light 1101, and to reflect at least part of the second light source light 21. Hence, in embodiments, the light generating system 1000 may be configured to provide in an operational mode white system light 1001 comprising first luminescent material light 211, second luminescent material light 221, and the second light source light 21. In such embodiments, the control system may be configured to control one or more of the color point, correlated color temperature, and color rendering index of the system light 1001 by adjusting the relative intensities of the light source light 1101 and the second light source light 21. In embodiments, the light generating system 1000 may further comprise a thermally conductive body 500, configured in thermal contact with the luminescent body 2000. In embodiments, as depicted in Fig.3A, the thermally conductive body 500 may comprise a pinhole. The pinhole may be configured to reflect luminescent body light 2001 incident on the pinhole. In such embodiments, the luminescent body 2000 may be configured at a non-zero distance d1 from the one or more light sources 1100. Further, in embodiments, as schematically depicted in Fig.3A, the second light source light 21 may pass through a diffuser system to generate diffused second light source light 21, such as especially diffused blue light. The diffuser system may comprise a polarization changing element 810, one or more condenser lenses 620, and a diffuser element 710. The polarization changing element 810 may, in embodiments, be configured in an optical path of the second light source light 21 between the second light source 20 and the diffuser element 710. In embodiments, the polarization changing element 810 may especially comprise one or more of a λ/4 waveplate and a Faraday rotator. Further, in embodiments, the diffuser element 710 may be configured to diffuse (by reflection) at least part of the second light source light 21 received by the diffuser element 710, thereby providing diffused second light source light 21 while maintaining at least part of the polarization of the second light source light 21. Hence, in embodiments, the diffuser element 710 may be operated in the reflective mode. Especially, the diffuser element 710 may be a polarization maintaining reflective diffuser element 710.
2023PF80216 42 Further, starting with linear p- light, it is converted by the polarization changing element 810 into e.g. right-handed circular polarized light, which is converted by the polarization maintaining reflective diffuser element 710 into left-handed circular polarized light, which now is converted by the polarization changing element 810 into linear s-polarized light. Likewise, s-polarized light may be converted into diffused p- polarized light. Hence, second light source light 21 may pass the polarization changing element 810 twice, one time propagating from the second light source 20 to the diffuser element 710, while having a first polarization, and one time propagating from the diffuser element 710 to the light exit of the light generating system 1000, being diffused at the diffuser element 710 and obtaining a second polarization when passing the polarization changing element 810 (in the direction of the light exit). An example of the operational mode of the diffuser system is as follows: transmitted blue (p-polarized) second light source light 21 may pass the polarization changing element 810 (e.g. a λ/4 plate) and may be projected via condenser lenses 620 onto a preferably polarization maintaining diffuser 710, generating diffused blue second light source light 21. The diffused blue second light source light 21 may be collected by the condenser lenses 620 and may pass again the polarization changing element 810 (by which it becomes substantially s-polarized light). The diffuser system may especially be combined with a polarizing beam splitter 610 (comprised by the one or more first optical elements 610). Here, the polarizing beam splitter 610 may be configured to transmit light with a first polarization (corresponding to the polarization of the second light source light 21), and to reflect light with an orthogonal polarization (corresponding to the polarization of the diffused second light source light 21). Hence, the light generating system 1000 may be configured such that, upon damage to the diffuser system, no directed (or “non-diffused”) second light source light 21 may be admixed with the system light 1001. Further, the diffused blue second light source light 21 may be combined with the luminescent body light 2001 to generate (white) system light 1001. Fig.3B schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating system 1000 comprising the luminescent body in a reflective mode. Here, the thermally conductive body 500 may comprise a reflective material configured in (thermal) contact with the luminescent body 2000. Alternatively, the luminescent body 2000 may also comprise a luminescent coating on a reflective support. Fig.3C schematically depicts an embodiment of the light generating system 1000 wherein the luminescent body 2000 is configured at a non-zero distance d1 from the one or more light sources 1100. The one or more light sources 1100 may have a (top) face, such
2023PF80216 43 as a face comprising the light escape surface. embodiments, the luminescent body 2000 may be configured at a (non-zero) distance d1 from said face of the one or more light sources 1100. As depicted in Fig.3C, the one or more light sources 1100 may be configured on a (bottom) inner surface of a housing unit, wherein the luminescent body 2000 is comprised by a light exit window comprised by a second (top) surface of said housing unit. In embodiments, the distance d1 may be selected from the range of 5 µm-50 cm. Fig.4 schematically depicts an embodiment of a luminaire 2 comprising the light generating system 1000 as described above. Reference 301 indicates a user interface which may be functionally coupled with the control system 300 comprised by or functionally coupled to the light generating system 1000. Fig.3 also schematically depicts an embodiment of lamp 1 comprising the light generating system 1000. Reference 3 indicates a projector device or projector system, which may be used to project images, such as at a wall, which may also comprise the light generating system 1000. Hence, Fig.3 schematically depicts embodiments of a lighting device 1200 selected from the group of a lamp 1, a luminaire 2, a projector device 3, a disinfection device, a photochemical reactor, and an optical wireless communication device, comprising the light generating system 1000 as described herein. In embodiments, such lighting device may be a lamp 1, a luminaire 2, a projector device 3, a disinfection device, or an optical wireless communication device. Lighting device light escaping from the lighting device 1200 is indicated with reference 1201. Lighting device light 1201 may essentially consist of system light 1001, and may in specific embodiments thus be system light 1001. Reference 1300 refers to a space, such as a room. The term “plurality” refers to two or more. The terms “substantially” or “essentially” herein, and similar terms, will be understood by the person skilled in the art. The terms “substantially” or “essentially” may also include embodiments with “entirely”, “completely”, “all”, etc. Hence, in embodiments the adjective substantially or essentially may also be removed. Where applicable, the term “substantially” or the term “essentially” may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, even more especially 99.5% or higher, including 100%. The term “comprise” also includes embodiments wherein the term “comprises” means “consists of”. The term “and/or” especially relates to one or more of the items mentioned before and after “and/or”. For instance, a phrase “item 1 and/or item 2” and similar phrases may relate to one or more of item 1 and item 2. The term "comprising" may in an embodiment refer to "consisting of" but may in another embodiment also refer to "containing at least the defined species and optionally one or more other species". Use of the verb "to comprise" and its conjugations
2023PF80216 44 does not exclude the presence of elements or other than those stated in a claim. Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”. The article "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a device claim, or an apparatus claim, or a system claim, enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. In yet a further aspect, the invention (thus) provides a software product, which, when running on a computer is capable of bringing about (one or more embodiments of) the method as described herein. The invention also provides a control system that may control the device, apparatus, or system, or that may execute the herein described method or process. Yet further, the invention also provides a computer program product, when running on a computer which is functionally coupled to or comprised by the device, apparatus, or system, controls one or more controllable elements of such device, apparatus, or system. The devices, apparatus, or systems may herein amongst others be described during operation. As will be clear to the person skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to methods of operation, or devices, apparatus, or systems in operation. The invention further applies to a device, apparatus, or system comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings. The invention further pertains to a method or process comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.
2023PF80216 45 It should be noted that the mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined in order to provide additional advantages. Further, the person skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be combined, and that also more than two embodiments can be combined. Furthermore, some of the features can form the basis for one or more divisional applications.