WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD AND DEVICE THEREOF
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This document is directed generally to wireless communications, and in particular to wireless signal generation and transmission.
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As a popular 6G technology, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is expected to create considerable add-on values to a wireless communication system. The widely-deployed communication infrastructures can be enhanced to provide radar services such as traffic control, surveillance, drone detection, and railway obstacle detection. The ISAC can also be realized by various mobile communication devices in scenarios of autonomous driving, smart home, and health care.
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The communication function and radar function utilize electromagnetic waves in two different ways. The idea of dual-function design can be traced back to the 1960s. It attracts more and more research attention in recent years and there are many driving factors including: (1) the spectrum has been well exploited for two separate systems, and the joint spectrum utilization is expected to improve the efficiency and flexibility; (2) the hardware designs for both systems have a technology trend of multiple antennas and digital baseband and the share of hardware saves the cost; and (3) the information fusion and mutual reinforcement of two functions brings performance gain, especially for autonomous vehicles.
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Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation (CAZAC) sequence or waveform-like Zadoff Chu sequence is used as synchronization and reference signal in the communication system. However, it leads to mismatch SNR loss when only the receiving window is added. A frequency-domain window can be added to both signal transmission and receiving processing, which forms a matched filtering processing and maximizes the receiving SNR. However, if the frequency-domain window is directly added to the ZC sequence, its good constant amplitude feature cannot be kept. The technologies in this patent are not limited in ISAC scenarios. It can also be applied in more general communication scenarios.
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This document relates to methods, systems, and devices for generating and/or transmitting signals, and in particular to methods, systems, and devices for generating and/or transmitting reference signals.
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The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication method for use in a first node. The method comprises:
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transmitting a first signal comprising a sequence, wherein the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain.
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Various embodiments may preferably implement the following features:
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Preferably, weighting coefficients in the window-shape spectrum are square roots of values generated based on a window function.
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Preferably, the values generated based on the window function taper away from a middle point of an interval of the window function.
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Preferably, the window function is Hann window, Hamming window, Blackman window, Kaiser window, or Chebyshev window.
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Preferably, the window function is predefined.
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Preferably, the wireless communication method further comprises: receiving, from a network node, a window configuration, wherein the window function is determined based on the window configuration.
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Preferably, the window configuration comprises at least one of the window function or at least one adjustment parameter for adjusting the window function.
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Preferably, a generation of the sequence comprises at least one of:
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determining an integrated window function by calculating an integral of the window function,
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determining a double-integrated window function by calculating an integral of the integrated window function,
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determining instantaneous frequency values at time-domain sampling points of the sequence, or
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determining time-domain data of the sequence based on the instantaneous frequency values, the time-domain sampling points and the double-integrated window function.
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Preferably, the wireless communication method further comprises:
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receiving a second signal which is generated by backscattering the first signal, and
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determining channel information based on the second signal and the sequence.
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The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication method for use in a second node. The method comprises:
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receiving, from a first node, a first signal comprising a sequence, and
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determining channel information based on the first signal and the sequence,
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wherein the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain.
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Various embodiments may preferably implement the following features:
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Preferably, weighting coefficients in the window-shape spectrum are square roots of values generated based on a window function.
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Preferably, the values generated based on the window function taper away from a middle point of an interval of the window function.
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Preferably, the window function is Hann window, Hamming window, Blackman window, Kaiser window, or Chebyshev window.
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Preferably, the window function is predefined.
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Preferably, the wireless communication method further comprises receiving, from a network node, a window configuration, wherein the window function is determined based on the window configuration.
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Preferably, the window configuration comprises at least one of the window function or at least one adjustment parameter for adjusting the window function.
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Preferably, a generation of the sequence comprises at least one of:
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determining an integrated window function by calculating an integral of the window function,
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determining a double-integrated window function by calculating an integral of the integrated window function,
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determining instantaneous frequency values at time-domain sampling points of the sequence, or
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determining time-domain data of the sequence based on the instantaneous frequency values, the time-domain sampling points and the double-integrated window function.
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The present disclosure relates to a first node. The first node comprises:
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a communication unit, configured to transmit a first signal comprising a sequence, wherein the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain.
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Various embodiments may preferably implement the following feature:
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Preferably, the first node further comprises a processor configured to perform any of the aforementioned wireless communication methods.
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The present disclosure relates to a second node. The second node comprises:
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a communication unit, configured to receive, from a first node, a first signal comprising a sequence, and
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a processor, configured to determine channel information based on the second signal and the sequence,
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wherein the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain.
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Various embodiments may preferably implement the following feature:
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Preferably, the processor is further configured to perform any of the aforementioned wireless communication methods.
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The present disclosure relates to a computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the code, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a wireless communication method recited in any one of foregoing methods.
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The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to providing features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, exemplary systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and not limitation, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.
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Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order and/or hierarchy of
steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present disclosure is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
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The invention is specified by the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. In the following description, although numerous features may be designated as optional, it is nevertheless acknowledged that all features comprised in the independent claims are not to be read as optional.
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The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.
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FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a CAWS sequence according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a network (architecture) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 8 shows an example of a schematic diagram of a wireless terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 9 shows an example of a schematic diagram of a wireless network node according
to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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In communications, the reference and synchronization signal is usually transmitted without any window. In a receiver side, a window may be added to suppress unwanted sidelobe in channel parameter estimation. However, this processing method is not optimal for maximizing an SNR (signal to noise ratio) . In addition, the method of using the window in the receiver side also cause a mismatched loss. Apart from the SNR, a PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) issue is also very important for the transmit power efficiency. In the present disclosure, a CAWS (constant-amplitude and windowed-spectrum) sequence is proposed, e.g., to obtain channel-related information.
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FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a CAWS sequence according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, the CAWS sequence is applied in the communication system, especially a cellular communication system. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of time-domain data of the CAWS sequence x [n] and the corresponding frequency-domain data X [k] , where n, k = 0, 1, ..., N-1. As show in FIG. 1, x [n] has a constant amplitude (within a time interval) , while X [k] has a windowed (shape) spectrum. The time-domain constant amplitude ensures a low PAPR feature, while the frequency-domain window shape spectrum avoids a mismatched loss.
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In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum refers to a shape of a non-rectangular window in the frequency domain. For example, the window-shape spectrum may be (approximately) symmetric around the middle of the frequency-domain data. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum has the maximum value in the middle of the frequency-domain data. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum tapering away from the middle of the frequency-domain data.
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FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2, a base station BS1 generates a wireless signal (by) using a CAWS
sequence. The time-domain CAWS sequence x [n] has a constant amplitude, where n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N-1. That is |x [n] | is a constant for any n∈ (0, 1, 2, …, N-1) . The corresponding frequency-domain CAWS sequence X [k] may be obtained via applying an FFT (fast Fourier transform) to x [n] and shifting the zero-frequency component in the middle (e.g., at a frequency point 0) . The BS1 sends the wireless signal to another base station BS2 or a UE and the wireless signal experiences a wireless channel. In this scenario, the BS2 or the UE receives the wireless signal and uses the same CAWS sequence to obtain channel-related information. Note that this procedure can also be done from a UE to a BS. In an embodiment, the line-of-sight paths in the wireless channel can be used to measure a distance. In an embodiment, the non-line-of-sight paths in the wireless channel can be used as bi-static radar sensing.
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FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 3, a BS generates a wireless signal (by) using a CAWS sequence. The time-domain CAWS sequence x [n] has a constant amplitude, where n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N-1. That is |x [n] | is a constant for any n∈ (0, 1, 2, …, N-1) . The corresponding frequency-domain CAWS sequence X [k] may be obtained via applying the FFT to x [n] and shifting the zero-frequency component in the middle (e.g., at a frequency point 0) . The BS sends the wireless signal. In this embodiment, the wireless signal is configured to search certain sensing targets and the sensing targets generate echo signals by backscattering the wireless signal.
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The BS receives the echo signals and uses the CAWS sequence to obtain channel-related information of wireless channels between the BS and the sensing targets. Note that this procedure can also be done by a UE. That is the UE may transmit the wireless signal, receive the echo signal (s) and determine the channel related information. In an embodiment, the procedure shown in FIG. 3 may be used as mono-static radar sensing. For example, the channel related information may comprise distances between the BS/UE and the sensing targets.
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FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG. 4 is used to generate a CAWS sequence. In FIG. 4, a symbol duration is Tsym and a bandwidth is B. In step 401, a window shape spectrum is decided, which is expressed as V2 (f) . Next, a coefficient k is calculated and added to obtain a normalized window functionThe normalization step can be
omitted if V2 (f) has been normalized. Then, the integration and double integration of g0 (f) , to obtainandwhere time-domain sampling points are at tn=nT/N, where n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N-1 and T=Tsym. An iteration-based method is used to compute the instantaneous frequency values fn. At last, the phases φ (tn) is obtained by using the instantaneous frequency values fn, tn, and g2 (f) , and the time-domain data x [n] can be decided by x [n] = exp (jφ (tn) ) .
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FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 5, a CN (core network) transmits window configuration information to base stations BS1 and BS2. In an embodiment, the window configuration information comprises/indicates weighting coefficients of the window shape spectrum. For example, the weighting coefficients may be roots of the values generated by a window function. The window function is not fixed in this embodiment. In an embodiment, the window configuration information includes one of the indexes of different windows, where the rectangle window is also included. In an embodiment of the window configuration information indicating the index of rectangle window, the window configuration information implies that there is no window. In an embodiment, the window configuration information may also include adjustable parameter (s) for (adjusting/changing) the indicated window, if any.
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The BS1 receives the window configuration information and generates a CAWS sequence according to the window configuration information. The BS1 transmits a wireless signal containing/comprising or by using the CAWS sequence. The wireless signal arrives at the sensing targets and the corresponding echo signals propagate to (the receive antennas of) the BS2. The BS2 generate the same CAWS sequence according to the window configuration information and processes the echo signal based on the CAWS sequence, to obtain channel information of the wireless channel in which the wireless signal is transmitted. In an embodiment, the sensing information (e.g., distances between the BS2 and the sensing targets) is obtained based on the channel information.
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FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 6, a CN transmits window configuration information to a BS in FIG. 6. The window function is not fixed in this embodiment. In an embodiment, the window
configuration information includes one of indexes of different windows. The window configuration information also includes a window on/off indicator and some adjustable parameters if there is any.
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The BS receives the configuration information from the CN and generates a CAWS sequence according to the configuration. The BS transmits a wireless (sensing) signal by using the CAWS sequence. The wireless (sensing) signal arrives at the sensing targets and the corresponding echo signals propagate to (the receive antennas of) the BS. The BS processes the echo signals according to the generated CAWS sequence, to obtain channel information. In an embodiment, the channel information may comprise or be used to determine distances between the BS and the sensing targets (i.e., sensing information) .
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FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a network (architecture) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network (architecture) shown in FIG. 7 comprises a first node and a second node communicating with each other. In an embodiment, the first node is a CN, a BS (e.g., a gNB, a RAN node) or a UE. In an embodiment, the second node is a BS, a UE or an IoT device.
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In an embodiment of FIG. 7, the first node transmits a first signal containing a sequence having a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum. The first signal experiences a wireless channel and/or being backscattered by sensing target (s) and becomes a second signal.
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In an embodiment, the first wireless device or a second wireless device receives the second signal and processes the second signal to obtain channel information related to the wireless channel.
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In an embodiment, weighting coefficients in the window-shape spectrum are square roots of the values generated by a window function.
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In an embodiment, the first signal generation includes calculating an integration and a double integration of the window function.
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In an embodiment, the first signal generation includes calculating instantaneous frequency values at the time-domain sampling points.
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In an embodiment, the window function has relatively higher value in the middle and relatively lower values in both ends. That is the values of the window function taper away from the middle to both ends.
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In an embodiment, the window function is one of Hann window, Hamming window, Blackman window, Kaiser window, or Chebyshev window.
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In an embodiment, the window function is fixed or predefined.
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In an embodiment, the window function is not fixed. For example, the first node may determine/decide, according to a window configuration, the window function or the window function and corresponding adjustable parameter (s) .
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In an embodiment, the window configuration includes an on/off indicator to indicates whether a window is added or whether the window function is enabled.
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In an embodiment, the window configuration includes/indicates adjustable parameter (s) of an adjustable window function.
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In an embodiment, the window configuration is transmitted to the second node and the second wireless node uses the configuration to process the received first signal.
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FIG. 8 relates to a schematic diagram of a wireless terminal 80 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless terminal 80 may be a user equipment (UE) , a mobile phone, a laptop, a tablet computer, an electronic book or a portable computer system and is not limited herein. The wireless terminal 80 may include a processor 800 such as a microprocessor or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) , a storage unit 810 and a communication unit 820. The storage unit 810 may be any data storage device that stores a program code 812, which is accessed and executed by the processor 800. Embodiments of the storage unit 810 include but are not limited to a subscriber identity module (SIM) , read-only memory (ROM) , flash memory, random-access memory (RAM) , hard-disk, and optical data storage device. The communication unit 820 may be a transceiver and is used to transmit and receive signals (e.g., messages or packets) according to processing results of the processor 800. In an embodiment, the communication unit 820 transmits and receives the signals via at least one antenna 822 shown in FIG. 8.
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In an embodiment, the storage unit 810 and the program code 812 may be omitted and the processor 800 may include a storage unit with stored program code.
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The processor 800 may implement any one of the steps in exemplified embodiments on the wireless terminal 80, e.g., by executing the program code 812.
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The communication unit 820 may be a transceiver. The communication unit 820 may as
an alternative or in addition be combining a transmitting unit and a receiving unit configured to transmit and to receive, respectively, signals to and from a wireless network node (e.g., a base station) .
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FIG. 9 relates to a schematic diagram of a wireless network node 90 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless network node 90 may be a satellite, a base station (BS) , a network entity, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Serving Gateway (S-GW) , Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) , a radio access network (RAN) node, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) node, a gNB, an eNB, a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) , a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU) a data network, a core network or a Radio Network Controller (RNC) , and is not limited herein. In addition, the wireless network node 90 may comprise (perform) at least one network function such as an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a user place function (UPF) , a policy control function (PCF) , an application function (AF) , etc. The wireless network node 90 may include a processor 900 such as a microprocessor or ASIC, a storage unit 910 and a communication unit 920. The storage unit 910 may be any data storage device that stores a program code 912, which is accessed and executed by the processor 900. Examples of the storage unit 910 include but are not limited to a SIM, ROM, flash memory, RAM, hard-disk, and optical data storage device. The communication unit 920 may be a transceiver and is used to transmit and receive signals (e.g., messages or packets) according to processing results of the processor 900. In an example, the communication unit 920 transmits and receives the signals via at least one antenna 922 shown in FIG. 9.
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In an embodiment, the storage unit 910 and the program code 912 may be omitted. The processor 900 may include a storage unit with stored program code.
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The processor 900 may implement any steps described in exemplified embodiments on the wireless network node 90, e.g., via executing the program code 912.
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The communication unit 920 may be a transceiver. The communication unit 920 may as an alternative or in addition be combining a transmitting unit and a receiving unit configured to transmit and to receive, respectively, signals to and from a wireless terminal (e.g., a user equipment or another wireless network node) .
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FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present
disclosure. The method shown in FIG. 10 may be used in a first node (e.g., BS or UE) and comprises the following step:
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Step 1001: Transmit a first signal comprising a sequence, where the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain.
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In FIG. 10, the first node transmits a first signal (e.g., reference signal) comprising a sequence. For example, the sequence is the CAWS sequence which has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum refers to a shape of a non-rectangular window in the frequency domain. For example, the window-shape spectrum may be (approximately) symmetric around the middle of the frequency-domain data. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum has the maximum value in the middle of the frequency-domain data. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum tapering away from the middle of the frequency-domain data.
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In an embodiment, weighting coefficients in the window-shape spectrum are square roots of values generated based on a window function.
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In an embodiment, the values generated based on the window function taper away from a middle point of an interval of the window function.
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In an embodiment, the window function is Hann window, Hamming window, Blackman window, Kaiser window, or Chebyshev window.
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In an embodiment, the window function is predefined.
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In an embodiment, the first node receives a window configuration from a network node (e.g. BS or CN) . The window function is determined based on the window configuration.
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In an embodiment, the window configuration comprises at least one of the window function or at least one adjustment parameter for adjusting the window function.
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In an embodiment, the first node generates the sequence by at least one of:
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determining an integrated window function by calculating an integral of the window function,
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determining a double-integrated window function by calculating an integral of the integrated window function,
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determining instantaneous frequency values at time-domain sampling points of the
sequence, or
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determining time-domain data of the sequence based on the instantaneous frequency values, the time-domain sampling points and the double-integrated window function.
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In an embodiment, the first node receives a second signal (e.g., echo signal) which is generated by backscattering the first signal and determines channel information based on the second signal and the sequence. Note that, based on the channel information, the first node may further determine sensing information (e.g., distances between the first node and sensing target (s) backscattering the first signal) .
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FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method shown in FIG. 11 may be used in a second node (e.g., UE or BS) and comprises the following steps:
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Step 1101: Receive, from a first node, a first signal comprising a sequence, wherein the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain.
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Step 1102: Determine channel information based on the first signal and the sequence.
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In FIG. 11, the second node receives a first signal comprising a sequence from a first node (e.g., BS or UE) , wherein the sequence has a constant amplitude and a window-shape spectrum in a frequency domain. That is the sequence is the CAWS sequence Based on the first signal and the sequence, the second node determines channel information of wireless channels in which the first signal is transmitted. Note that the first signal may be/become a second signal after experiencing a wireless channel in which the first signal is transmitted and/or being backscattered by sensing targets.
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In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum refers to a shape of a non-rectangular window in the frequency domain. For example, the window-shape spectrum may be (approximately) symmetric around the middle of the frequency-domain data. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum has the maximum value in the middle of the frequency-domain data. In an embodiment, the window-shape spectrum tapering away from the middle of the frequency-domain data.
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In an embodiment, weighting coefficients in the window-shape spectrum are square
roots of values generated based on a window function.
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In an embodiment, the values generated based on the window function taper away from a middle point of an interval of the window function.
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In an embodiment, the window function is Hann window, Hamming window, Blackman window, Kaiser window, or Chebyshev window.
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In an embodiment, the window function is predefined.
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In an embodiment, the first node receives a window configuration from a network node (e.g. BS or CN) . The window function is determined based on the window configuration.
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In an embodiment, the window configuration comprises at least one of the window function or at least one adjustment parameter for adjusting the window function.
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In an embodiment, the second node generates the sequence by at least one of:
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determining an integrated window function by calculating an integral of the window function,
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determining a double-integrated window function by calculating an integral of the integrated window function,
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determining instantaneous frequency values at time-domain sampling points of the sequence, or
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determining time-domain data of the sequence based on the instantaneous frequency values, the time-domain sampling points and the double-integrated window function.
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While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand exemplary features and functions of the present disclosure. Such persons would understand, however, that the present disclosure is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any one of the above-described
exemplary embodiments.
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It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first, " "second, " and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
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Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any one of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
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A skilled person would further appreciate that any one of the various illustrative logical blocks, units, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software unit” ) , or any combination of these techniques.
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To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, units, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. In accordance with various embodiments, a processor, device, component, circuit, structure, machine, unit, etc. can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. The term “configured to” or “configured for” as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function refers to a
processor, device, component, circuit, structure, machine, unit, etc. that is physically constructed, programmed and/or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
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Furthermore, a skilled person would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, units, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, units, and circuits can further include antennas and/or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium.
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Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
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In this document, the term "unit" as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various units are described as discrete units; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more units may be combined to form a single unit that performs the associated functions according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
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Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present disclosure. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
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Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of the claims. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.