METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRIVACY MECHANISM IN WIRELESS NETWORK
TECHNICAL FIELD
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Various example embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the technology of communication, and in particular to a method and an apparatus for privacy mechanism in wireless network.
BACKGROUND
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In a wireless network, it is necessary to provide capabilities to protect privacy information of the communicating device, such as the terminal device and network node.
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The network node, such as an access point (AP) in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) , may provide privacy capabilities to the terminal device, such as a non-access point station (non-AP STA) . In ongoing research in the standard, the terminal device is only allowed to use all privacy capabilities provided by the AP, or no privacy capabilities.
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However, since many different kinds of privacy capabilities may be developed and many different kinds of terminal devices may be deployed in the network, a flexibility for privacy mechanism is also needed.
SUMMARY
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This summary is provided to introduce some aspects in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
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Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. There are, proposed herein, various embodiments which address one or more of the issues disclosed herein. Specific method and apparatus for privacy mechanism in wireless network may be provided.
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A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: obtaining information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of a network node; and selecting none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, obtaining the information comprises: receiving from the network node a first message indicating the plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message comprises at least one of: a beacon frame; an action frame; a Probe Response; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Response; an authentication response frame; an association response frame; or a 4-way handshake response frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: transmitting to the network node a second message for requesting privacy capabilities of the network
node. The first message is a response to the second message.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the second message comprise at least one of: an action frame; a Probe Request; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Request; an authentication request frame; an association request frame; or a 4-way handshake request frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message includes at least one of following related to privacy capabilities of the network node: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; an Access network query protocol (ANQP) element; or Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message are encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device makes the selecting, based at least on a local configuration. The method further comprises: transmitting to the network node a third message to indicate the selecting.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is transmitted during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third message comprises at least one of: an authentication request frame, an association request frame, a 4-way handshake request frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is transmitted after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following status information: the selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises:
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receiving from the network node a fourth message to indicate the terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities. The terminal device makes the selecting, based on the fourth message from the network node.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is received during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: an authentication response frame, an association response frame, a 4-way handshake response frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is received after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following status information: the selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device comprises a non-access point station (non-AP STA) ; and the network node comprises an AP.
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A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a method performed by a network node. The method comprises: transmitting to a terminal device information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node. The information is for a terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, transmitting the information comprises: transmitting to a terminal device a first message indicating the plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message comprises at least one of: a beacon frame; an action frame; a Probe Response; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Response; an authentication response frame; an association response frame; or a 4-way handshake response frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises:
receiving from the terminal device a second message for requesting privacy capabilities of the network node. The first message is a response to the second message.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the second message comprise at least one of: an action frame; a Probe Request; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Request; an authentication request frame; an association request frame; or a 4-way handshake request frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message includes at least one of following related to privacy capabilities of the network node: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; an Access network query protocol (ANQP) element; or Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message are encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: receiving from the terminal device a third message to indicate a selecting of none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities by the terminal device.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is received during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third first message comprises at least one of: an authentication request frame, an association request frame, a 4-way handshake request frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is received after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following status information: a selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: transmitting to the terminal device a fourth message to indicate the terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is transmitted during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: an authentication response frame, an association response frame, a 4-way handshake response frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is transmitted after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following status information: a selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device comprises a non-access point station (non-AP STA) . The network node comprises an AP.
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A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a terminal device comprising means configured for: obtaining information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of a network node; and selecting none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means are further configured for performing the method according any of the embodiments in the first aspect.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the terminal device.
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A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a network node comprising means configured for: transmitting, to a terminal device, information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node. The information is for a terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means are further configured for performing the method according any of the embodiments in the second aspect.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the network node.
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A fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a terminal device, cause the at least one processor of the terminal device to perform the method according to any of the embodiments of the first aspect; or when executed by at least one processor of a network node, cause the at least one processor of the network node to perform the method according to any of the embodiments of the second aspect.
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Embodiments herein afford many advantages. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an improved manner for privacy mechanism, particularly for discovering and/or selecting privacy capabilities of the network node, may be provided.
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According to embodiments of the present disclosure, after obtaining (i.e., discovering) the privacy capabilities of the network node, the capability in the privacy capabilities may be selected flexibly. Such mechanism will be much more applicable for complicated network scenarios.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
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The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent, by way of example, from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals or letters are used to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure and not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
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FIG. 1 is a diagram showing GAS Frames.
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FIG. 2 is a diagram showing Advertisement Protocol element format.
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FIG. 3 is a diagram showing GAS and ANQP: ANQP uses GAS frames (request/response) to obtain external network information.
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FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram showing ANQP element format;
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FIG. 4 (b) is a diagram showing ANQP element definitions, which may be used by STA to request external network information.
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FIG. 5 is a diagram showing Beacon Frames including Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
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FIG. 6A is a diagram showing Probe Request including Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
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FIG. 6B is a diagram showing Probe Response including Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
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FIG. 7A is a diagram showing GAS initial request containing information to obtain NAI realm list, 3GPPcellular network information, domain name list, and venue name information.
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FIG. 7B is a diagram showing GAS initial response containing information about NAI realm list, 3GPPcellular network information, domain name list, and venue name information.
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FIG. 8 is a diagram showing that while AP advertises its privacy capabilities, non-AP STA
currently can’ t (and should) choose to opt-in/opt-out to use specific privacy capabilities.
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FIG. 9A is a flow chart showing a method performed by a terminal device, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 9B is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 9A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 9C is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 9A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 9D is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 9A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 10A is a flow chart showing a method performed by a network node, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 10B is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 10A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 10C is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 10A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 10D is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 10A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 11 is a diagram showing proposed Privacy Capability Discovery.
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FIG. 12. a is a diagram showing Capability information field in Beacon Frame.
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FIG. 12. b is a diagram showing Capability information field Format.
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FIG. 12. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Beacon.
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FIG. 12. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Beacon.
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FIG. 13. a is a diagram showing RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Beacon.
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FIG. 13. b is a diagram showing RSN Information Element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
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FIG. 13. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Beacon.
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FIG. 13. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Beacon.
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FIG. 14. a is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
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FIG. 14. b is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element Definition and Format.
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FIG. 14. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
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FIG. 14. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
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FIG. 15. a is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon.
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FIG. 15. b is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) Definition
and Format.
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FIG. 15. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon.
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FIG. 15. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon.
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FIG. 16. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Information Element Definition in Beacon.
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FIG. 16. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Information Element Format.
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FIG. 16. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
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FIG. 17. a is a diagram showing Capability information field Definition in Probe Request Frame.
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FIG. 17. b is a diagram showing Capability information field in Probe Response Frame.
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FIG. 17. c is a diagram showing Capability information field Format.
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FIG. 17. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Probe Request.
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FIG. 17. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Probe Request.
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FIG. 17. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Probe Response.
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FIG. 17. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Probe Response
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FIG. 18. a is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Probe Request Frame.
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FIG. 18. b is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Probe Response Frame.
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FIG. 18. c is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
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FIG. 18. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Request.
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FIG. 18. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Request.
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FIG. 18. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Response.
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FIG. 18. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Response.
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FIG. 19. a is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request Frame.
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FIG. 19. b is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response Frame.
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FIG. 19. c is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element Definition and Format.
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FIG. 19. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities
field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request.
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FIG. 19. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request.
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FIG. 19. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response.
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FIG. 19. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response.
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FIG. 20. a is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request Frame.
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FIG. 20. b is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Response Frame.
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FIG. 20. c is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) Definition and Format.
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FIG. 20. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request.
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FIG. 20. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request.
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FIG. 20. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Response.
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FIG. 20. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ) in Probe Response.
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FIG. 21. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element Definition and Format in Probe Request.
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FIG. 21. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element Definition and Format in Probe Response.
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FIG. 21. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Probe Request.
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FIG. 21. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Probe Response.
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FIG. 22. a is a diagram showing ANQP in GAS Initial Request.
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FIG. 22. b is a diagram showing ANQP in GAS Initial Response.
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FIG. 22. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request with ANQP via Query List in GAS Initial Request.
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FIG. 22. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response with ANQP in GAS Initial Response.
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FIG. 23. a is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Authentication Frame.
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FIG. 23. b is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
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FIG. 23. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Request.
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FIG. 23. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Request.
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FIG. 23. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Response.
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FIG. 23. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Response.
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FIG. 24. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element Definition and Format in Authentication Request.
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FIG. 24. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element Definition and Format in Authentication Response.
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FIG. 24. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Authentication Request.
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FIG. 24. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Authentication Response.
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FIG. 25. a is a diagram showing Capability information field in Association Request Frame.
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FIG. 25. b is a diagram showing Capability information field in Association Response Frame.
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FIG. 25. c is a diagram showing Capability information field Format.
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FIG. 25. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Association Request.
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FIG. 25. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Association Request.
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FIG. 25. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Association Response.
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FIG. 25. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Association Response.
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FIG. 26. a is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Association Request Frame.
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FIG. 26. b is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Association Response Frame.
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FIG. 26. c is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
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FIG. 26. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Request.
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FIG. 26. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Request.
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FIG. 26. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Response.
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FIG. 26. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Response.
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FIG. 27. a is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association
Request Frame.
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FIG. 27. b is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response Frame.
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FIG. 27. c is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element Definition and Format.
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FIG. 27. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request.
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FIG. 27. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request.
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FIG. 27. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response.
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FIG. 27. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response.
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FIG. 28. a is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request Frame.
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FIG. 28. b is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response Frame.
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FIG. 28. c is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) Definition and Format.
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FIG. 28. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request.
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FIG. 28. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request.
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FIG. 28. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response.
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FIG. 28. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ) in Association Response.
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FIG. 29. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element Definition and Format in Association Request.
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FIG. 29. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element Definition and Format in Association Response.
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FIG. 29. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Association Request.
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FIG. 29. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Association Response.
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FIG. 30 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request and response/advertisement in Reserved Bits Field in 4-way Handshake frame.
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FIG. 31 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request and response/advertisement in
KDE Field in 4-way Handshake frame.
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FIG. 32 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request and response/advertisement in a newly defined Privacy Capabilities Request/Response Field in 4-way Handshake frame.
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FIG. 33 is a diagram showing Proposed Privacy Capability Selection.
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FIG. 34. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field.
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FIG. 34. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field.
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FIG. 35. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) .
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FIG. 35. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) .
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FIG. 36. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element.
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FIG. 36. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element.
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FIG. 37. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) .
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FIG. 37. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) .
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FIG. 38 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element Definition and Format.
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FIG. 39 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection in Reserved Bits Field (1) , Privacy Selection Field (2) , or Privacy Selection KDE (3) in 4-way Handshake frame.
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FIG. 40. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Status Code.
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FIG. 40. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Reason Code.
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FIG. 41 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Action Frame.
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FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an Example Scenario 1.
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FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an Example Scenario 2.
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FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing an exemplary structure for the terminal device, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an exemplary structure for the network node, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 46 is a block diagram showing an apparatus/computer readable storage medium, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 47 is a block diagram showing exemplary apparatus units for the terminal device, which is suitable for performing the method according to embodiments of the disclosure.
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FIG. 48 is a block diagram showing exemplary apparatus units for the network node, which is suitable for performing the method according to embodiments of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for better understanding, rather than limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. The described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
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Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context in which it is used. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless clearly given and/or implied from the context. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate.
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As used herein, the term “network” or “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards (such for an internet network, or any wireless network) . For example, wireless communication standards may comprise WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) , new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, 5G NR, etc. In the following description, the terms “network” and “system” can be used interchangeably.
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The term “network node” refers to a network device or network entity or network function or any other devices (physical or virtual) in a communication network. For example, the network node in the network may include a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) , or any other suitable device in a wireless communication network. The BS may be, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth.
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The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that can access a communication network and receive services therefrom. By way of example and not limitation, the terminal device refers to a mobile terminal, user equipment (UE) , a non-AP device (such as a non-AP STA) , or other suitable devices. The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a wearable device, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a vehicle, and the like.
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As one example, a terminal device may represent a device configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by any standard organization, such as 3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP.
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As yet another example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a terminal device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another terminal device and/or network equipment. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, for example refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc. In other scenarios, a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions
associated with its operation.
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It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
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As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
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Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are relevant to privacy discovery, privacy selection in privacy enhanced WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) networks such as 802.11bi (standard from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE) and 802.11bh and can be extended to WFA (Wireless Fidelity Alliance) and WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) solutions.
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With Enhanced Privacy, 802.11bh and 802.11bi are created to at least address several privacy related issues in 802.11 networks (i.e. providing enhanced privacy) :
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· IEEE P802.11bh considers specific issues related to 802.11 MAC (media access control) address randomization, and intends to quickly develop (i.e., in 18-24 months) an amendment to IEEE 802.11 that addresses them. The goal is to preserve the efficiency of existing services that might otherwise be restricted, such as network support, diagnostics, and troubleshooting, and to reliably detect a device’s arrival in a trusted network environment. IEEE P802.11bh will also design mechanisms to optimize the user experience when a device’s MAC address is changing.
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· IEEE P802.11bi considers privacy concerns, beyond MAC address randomization, from a broader, longer-term perspective. It will address and standardize privacy solutions to prevent tracking of a user location and movement. It will be built on the work already done for IEEE 802.11aq-2018, which also addressed privacy concerns as a part of its work.
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Briefly speaking, to provide high privacy, 802.11bh only considers MAC address randomization (applicable to changing MAC address only in pre-association) , while 802.11bi considers several factors (such as MAC address randomization -applicable to changing MAC address in pre/post-association, fingerprinting, identifier protection etc. ) . Table 1 summarizes the issues/use cases related to privacy [22/332r37, 22/1848r16] .
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Table 1 –Issues/use cases in 802.11bh and 802.11bi
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802.11bh and 802.11bi seek to find contributions and solutions for most, if not all, of the issues/use cases. As an example, 802.11bh D0.2 adopts the “Network generated device ID” solution [22/187r2] , in which AP (ESS) assign an ID (Identifier) (i.e. device ID) to the non-AP STA, and non-AP STA uses the assigned ID (i.e. device ID) in subsequent association while changing its MAC address. As another example, [23/1975r4] proposes a solution to address one of the requirements (requirement number 26: 11bi shall define an optional protected version of the following unicast management frames between an AP and a non-AP STA) in [22/1848r16] .
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A Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) is also defined.
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According to the 802.11 standard, generic advertisement service (GAS) is an over-the-air transportation service that provides over-the-air transportation for frames of higher layer advertisements between stations (STAs) or between an advertisement server and a non–access point (non-AP) STA. The protocol (s) used to relay frames between an AP, portal, and advertisement server which is outside the scope of the standard. GAS supports higher layer protocols that employ a query/response mechanism. GAS provides functionality that enables STAs to discover the availability of information related to desired network services, e.g., information about services such as provided in an IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set) , local access services, available subscription service providers (SSPs) and/or SSPNs (subscription service provider network) or other external networks. GAS uses a generic container to advertise network services’ information over an IEEE 802.11 network. Public Action frames are used to transport this information.
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In other words, in order to communicate with external networks, 802.11 standard (specifically 802.11u) defines GAS frame exchange (request/response) for STAs. By doing so, the GAS allows STAs to obtain pre-association information before associating with APs so that they can select suitable networks.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram showing GAS Frames.
-
It should be noted that GAS frames are public action frames (recall that Public action frames are a special category of management frames) . 802.11Revme D2.1 defines 4 GAS frames as shown in FIG. 1.
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FIG. 2 is a diagram showing Advertisement Protocol element format.
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In GAS frames, there is a field called Advertisement Protocol element as shown in FIG. 2.
This field indicates which protocol to use such as Access network query protocol (ANQP) , MIS (media independent service) Information Service etc.
-
As shown in FIG. 2, Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP) (advertisement protocol ID=0) is a special protocol used with GAS frames. GAS frames are used to transport the ANQP. ANQP uses the GAS Request/Response Frame exchange to get network information. ANQP is a very common protocol used with GAS in many technologies such as Hotspot 2.0 defined by Wi-Fi Alliance.
-
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing GAS and ANQP: ANQP uses GAS frames (request/response) to obtain external network information.
-
FIG. 3 shows ANQP transported by GAS frames. After non-AP STA sends GAS initial request to request external network information AP supports, AP sends GAS initial response to inform non-AP STA about the external service AP supports. Based on this external network information, non-AP STA can decide to associate (or not) with AP to use the advertised services.
-
FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram showing ANQP element format;
-
FIG. 4 (b) is a diagram showing ANQP element definitions, which may be used by STA to request external network information.
-
To obtain external network information, 802.11Revme D2.1 defines GAS frames that include ANQP elements as shown in FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. 4 (b) . As shown in the figures, a general ANQP element format (FIG. 4 (a) ) can carry different ANQP element (s) for several external network information (such as 3GPP, TDLS (Tunneled Direct Link Setup) capability etc. ) .
-
To illustrate the whole idea, how Hotspot 2.0/Passpoint (defined by WFA) uses GAS frames for ANQP protocol is checked as follows.
-
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing Beacon Frames including Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
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1) Passive Scanning: Beacon frames from AP includes additional IE to indicate its Hotspot 2.0/Passpoint capability. Important fields to check on indication of Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint along with ANQP and Access network type for network discovery and selection. Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint capable device will be able to understand these IE.
-
FIG. 6A is a diagram showing Probe Request including Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
-
2.1) Active Scanning: Broadcast probe request sent from non-AP STA containing Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
-
FIG. 6B is a diagram showing Probe Response including Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE.
-
2.2) Active Scanning: Probe response sent from AP containing Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE. It should be noted that these IEs are same as Hotspot S2.0/Passpoint related IE sent in beacon frames.
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IG. 7A is a diagram showing GAS initial request containing information to obtain NAI realm list, 3GPPcellular network information, domain name list, and venue name information.
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3) Afterwards GAS initial request (public action frame) is sent from non-AP STA containing ANQP query list to obtain NAI (Network Access Identifier) realm list, 3GPPcellular network information, domain name list, and venue name information.
-
FIG. 7B is a diagram showing GAS initial response containing information about NAI realm
list, 3GPPcellular network information, domain name list, and venue name information.
-
4) AP responds with GAS initial response containing NAI realm list, 3GPPcellular network information, domain name list, and venue name information.
-
5) At the end, after non-AP STA obtains all the information, it decides (or not) to associate with the AP through normal association procedure.
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FIG. 8 is a diagram showing that while AP advertises its privacy capabilities, non-AP STA currently can’ t (and should) choose to opt-in/opt-out to use specific privacy capabilities. SAE refers to Simultaneous Authentication of Equals, and PMK refers to Pairwise Master Key.
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As one problem, even though 802.11bh and 802.11bi solutions are optional (i.e. non-AP STAs choose to opt-in or opt-out to use those solutions) , there is no clear mechanism to select which solution to use. As an example, shown in FIG. 8, after AP advertises its privacy capabilities, non-AP STA either opts in to use all of the solutions or opts out to use neither of the solutions.
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The non-AP STA should obtain all privacy capabilities AP supports/advertises, and then should choose which one to opt in. In FIG. 8, for example, the non-AP STA opts-in to choose (2) MAC Randomization (pos-association) and (4) Element fingerprint avoidance. The current 802.11bh and 802.11bi solutions do not specify which capability non-AP STA wants to use/select and inform AP. The current 802.11bh and 802.11bi solutions only allow non-AP STA to use all privacy capabilities (opt-in) or no privacy capabilities (opt-out) . There should be a mechanism, in which the non-AP STA should tell AP which privacy capabilities to it wants to use. Otherwise, because of one or more “unwanted” privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA can’ t associate with the AP with its “wanted” privacy capabilities. In other words, instead of either opt-in or opt-out of all privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA should opt-in or opt-out to use specific privacy capabilities.
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In this disclosure, exemplary embodiments propose for non-AP STA to discover privacy capabilities of different networks, and to select (opt-in/opt-out) specific privacy capabilities during and/or after associating with the network.
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FIG. 9A is a flow chart showing a method performed by a terminal device, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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As shown in FIG. 9A, the method 900 comprises: a step S902, obtaining information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of a network node; and a step S904, selecting none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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According to embodiments of the present disclosure, after obtaining (i.e., discovering) the privacy capabilities of the network node, the capability in the privacy capabilities may be selected flexibly. Such mechanism will be much more applicable for complicated network scenarios.
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FIG. 9B is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 9A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, obtaining the information comprises: a step S9022, receiving from the network node a first message indicating the plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message comprises at least
one of: a beacon frame; an action frame; a Probe Response; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Response; an authentication response frame; an association response frame; or a 4-way handshake response frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method 900 further comprises: an optional step S901, transmitting to the network node a second message for requesting privacy capabilities of the network node. The first message is a response to the second message.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the second message comprise at least one of: an action frame; a Probe Request; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Request; an authentication request frame; an association request frame; or a 4-way handshake request frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message includes at least one of following related to privacy capabilities of the network node: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; an Access network query protocol (ANQP) element; or Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message are encrypted or unencrypted.
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According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device may obtain information from the network node, either passively (without requesting) or actively (with requesting) .
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FIG. 9C is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 9A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device makes the selecting, based at least on a local configuration. The method 900 further comprises: a step S906, transmitting to the network node a third message to indicate the selecting.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is transmitted during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third message comprises at least one of: an authentication request frame, an association request frame, a 4-way handshake request frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is transmitted after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information
Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following status information: the selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is encrypted or unencrypted.
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According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device may make the selection by itself.
-
FIG. 9D is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 9A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method 900 further comprises: a step S903, receiving from the network node a fourth message to indicate the terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities. The terminal device makes the selecting, based on the fourth message from the network node.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is received during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: an authentication response frame, an association response frame, a 4-way handshake response frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is received after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following status information: the selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is encrypted or unencrypted.
-
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device may make the selection, following the instructions from the network node.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device comprises a non-access point station (non-AP STA) ; and the network node comprises an AP.
-
FIG. 10A is a flow chart showing a method performed by a network node, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
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As shown in FIG. 10A, the method 1000 comprises: a step S1002, transmitting to a terminal device information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node. The information is for a terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
-
FIG. 10B is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 10A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, transmitting the information comprises: a step S10022, transmitting to a terminal device a first message indicating the plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message comprises at least one of: a beacon frame; an action frame; a Probe Response; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Response; an authentication response frame; an association response frame; or a 4-way handshake response frame.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method 1000 comprises: an optional step S1001, receiving from the terminal device a second message for requesting privacy capabilities of the network node. The first message is a response to the second message.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the second message comprise at least one of: an action frame; a Probe Request; a Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) Initial Request; an authentication request frame; an association request frame; or a 4-way handshake request frame.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message includes at least one of following related to privacy capabilities of the network node: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; an Access network query protocol (ANQP) element; or Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first message and/or the second message are encrypted or unencrypted.
-
FIG. 10C is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 10A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method 1000 further comprises: a step S1006, receiving from the terminal device a third message to indicate a selecting of none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities by the terminal device.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is received during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third first message comprises at least one of: an authentication request frame, an association request frame, a 4-way handshake request frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is received after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The third message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message includes at least one of following status information: a selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the third message is encrypted or unencrypted.
-
FIG. 10D is a flow chart showing further steps of the method as shown in FIG. 10A, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the method 1000 further comprises: a step S1003, transmitting to the terminal device a fourth message to indicate the terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is transmitted during an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and before a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: an authentication response frame, an association response frame, a 4-way handshake response frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is transmitted after an associating between the terminal device and the network node, and after a secure connection establishment between the terminal device and the network node. The fourth message comprises at least one of: a de-association frame, a de-authentication frame, or an action frame.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following to indicate the selecting: a Capability Information field; a Robust Security Network Information Element (RSNE) ; an Extended Capabilities Information Element; a Robust Security
Network Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ; a Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element; Privacy Capabilities Selection Key Data Encapsulation/4-way Handshake fields; or a Status Code or Reason Code in Status information.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message includes at least one of following status information: a selecting is at least partially successful; a capability is violated; a capability is unknown; a capability is not supported; a resend of a capability is needed; a change of a capability is needed; a change to a capability is needed; a choose of a capability is needed; or a re-associate or a re-authenticate is needed because of a privacy violation.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the fourth message is encrypted or unencrypted.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device comprises a non-access point station (non-AP STA) . The network node comprises an AP.
-
As mentioned, the current 802.11bh and 802.11bi solutions do not specify for non-AP STA to discover specific privacy capabilities when it wants to associate with the AP (ESS) .
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FIG. 11 is a diagram showing proposed Privacy Capability Discovery.
-
As shown in FIG. 11, some embodiments of the present disclosure propose for non-AP STA to
-
1-Discover privacy capabilities of different networks:
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a) Passive scanning to obtain AP’s privacy capabilities:
-
AP can advertise its privacy capabilities in Beacon frames so that the non-AP STA can discover which privacy capabilities the AP supports.
-
AP can advertise its privacy capabilities in Action frame so that the non-AP STA can discover which privacy capabilities the AP supports.
-
b) Active scanning to obtain AP’s privacy capabilities:
-
The non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by sending Probe Request, Gas Initial Request, and/or Action Frame. The AP sends the privacy capabilities in Probe Response, Gas Initial Response, and/or Action Frame, respectively.
-
c) During connection establishment:
-
The non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities during connection establishment by Authentication Request, Association Request, or 4-way Handshake Request. The AP sends the privacy capabilities in Authentication Response, Association Response, or 4-way Handshake Response, respectively.
-
Or, AP advertises its privacy capabilities Authentication Response, Association Response, or 4-way Handshake Response without a privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA.
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In order to achieve privacy capability discovery, embodiments of the present disclosure propose to use one of the (but not limited to) :
-
1) Capability Information field
-
2) RSN Information Element (RSNE)
-
3) Extended Capabilities Information Element
-
4) RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE)
-
5) Privacy Capabilities IE (a newly defined IE)
-
6) ANQP element
-
7) Privacy Capabilities KDE (a newly defined KDE) /4-way Handshake fields
-
in related frames depending on the discovery mechanism.
-
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism for privacy capability discovery in Wi-Fi networks. FIG. 11 illustrates the general idea of the privacy capability discovery.
-
Following exemplary embodiments provide further details of Proposed Privacy Capability Discovery.
-
For the privacy capability discovery, as mentioned previously, non-AP STA needs to discover privacy capabilities of the AP before associating with the AP. This discovery is possible with:
-
A) Passive scanning:
-
I. AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Beacon frames, and the non-AP STA discovers AP’s privacy capabilities by receiving Beacon Frames.
-
II. AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Action frames, and the non-AP STA discovers AP’s privacy capabilities by receiving Action Frames.
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B) Active scanning:
-
I. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending Probe Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Probe Response.
-
II. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending GAS Initial Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in GAS Initial Response.
-
III. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending Action Frame, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Action Frame.
-
C) During connection establishment:
-
I. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities in Authentication Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Authentication Response.
-
II. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities in Association Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Association Response.
-
III. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities in 4-way Handshake, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in 4-way Handshake.
-
For the passive scanning, AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Beacon frames and/or Action Frames, and the non-AP STA discovers AP’s privacy capabilities by receiving Beacon Frames and/or Action Frames.
-
For A. I) Beacon, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities in Beacon frames and the non-AP STA can discover the AP’s privacy capabilities by receiving Beacon frames.
-
Privacy Capabilities can be advertised in Beacon frames through but not limited to one of the following:
-
1) Capability Information field
-
2) RSN Information Element (RSNE)
-
3) Extended Capabilities Information Element
-
4) RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE)
-
5) Privacy Capabilities IE
-
It should be noted that privacy capabilities advertised in one of the aforementioned 4 ways can be sent encrypted or unencrypted.
-
FIG. 12. a is a diagram showing Capability information field in Beacon Frame.
-
FIG. 12. b is a diagram showing Capability information field Format.
-
FIG. 12. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Beacon.
-
FIG. 12. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Beacon.
-
1) In one embodiment, AP can insert its privacy capabilities in Capability Information field in Beacon frames as shown in FIG. 12. a, FIG. 12. b, FIG. 12. c, and FIG. 12. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.2 defines RSN Capability Information field in Beacon Frame with order=3 as shown in FIG. 12. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.1.4 defines Capability Info field as shown in FIG. 12. b.
-
To advertise privacy capabilities, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) as shown in FIG. 12. c or
-
-one or more of the current existing reserved bits (B2, B3, B6, B7, B14, B15) as shown in FIG. 12. d
-
To avoid confusion, privacy bit in B4 may be defined for data confidentiality, and it’s purpose is different than this proposed privacy capabilities.
-
FIG. 13. a is a diagram showing RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Beacon.
-
FIG. 13. b is a diagram showing RSN Information Element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 13. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Beacon.
-
FIG. 13. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Beacon.
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2) In another embodiment, AP can insert its privacy capabilities in RSN Information element (RSNE) in Beacon frames as shown in FIG. 13. a, FIG. 13. b, FIG. 13. c and FIG. 13. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.2 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) in Beacon Frame with order=17 as shown in FIG. 13. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.24 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) with Element ID =48 as shown in FIG. 13. b.
-
To advertise privacy capabilities, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 13. c or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 13. d
-
FIG. 14. a is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
-
FIG. 14. b is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 14. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
-
FIG. 14. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
-
3) In another embodiment, AP can insert its privacy capabilities in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon frames as shown in FIG. 14. a, FIG. 14. b , FIG. 14. c and FIG. 14d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.2 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element in Beacon Frame with order=37 as shown in FIG. 14. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.26 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element with Element ID =127 as shown in FIG. 14. a and FIG. 14. b.
-
To advertise privacy capabilities, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (n bits) in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 14.c or
-
-Extended Capabilities field (n bits) in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 14. d
-
FIG. 15. a is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon.
-
FIG. 15. b is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 15. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon.
-
FIG. 15. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon.
-
4) In another embodiment, AP can insert its privacy capabilities in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon frames as shown in FIG. 15. a, FIG. 15. b, FIG. 15. c, and FIG. 15. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.2 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Beacon Frame with order=75 as shown in FIG. 15. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.241 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) with Element ID = 244 as shown in FIG. 15. b.
-
To advertise privacy capabilities, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 15. c or
-
-Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 15. d
-
FIG. 16. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Information Element Definition in Beacon.
-
FIG. 16. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Information Element Format.
-
FIG. 16. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Information Element in Beacon.
-
5) In another embodiment, AP can insert its privacy capabilities in a newly defined Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Information Element, and this IE can be sent in Beacon frames as shown in FIG. 16. a, FIG 16. b, and FIG. 16. c.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2 defines many Information Elements. For example, the proposed newly defined Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =117. The definition and the format of Privacy Capabilities IE are shown in FIG. 16. a and FIG. 16. b. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define Privacy Capabilities Information Element with order=92 in Beacon frames to advertise the privacy capabilities of the AP as shown in FIG. 16. c.
-
For A. II) Action Frame, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities in Action frames and the non-AP STA can discover the AP’s privacy capabilities by receiving Action frames.
-
These types of action frames include action frames that are used to advertise AP’s capabilities (including AP’s privacy capabilities) , in other words, action frames may behave like beacon frames. One example of such action frame is FILS (Fast initial link setup) Discovery Frame.
-
For B. Active Scanning, Non-AP STA can request the AP’s privacy capabilities and discover the AP’s privacy capabilities in response from the AP as the following (as explained in embodiments) :
-
I. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending directed or broadcast Probe Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Probe Response. To request/respond AP’s privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA can send one of the (but not limited to) followings in Probe request, and AP can respond one of the (but not limited to) followings in Probe Response:
-
1) Capability Information field
-
2) RSN Information Element (RSNE)
-
3) Extended Capabilities Information Element
-
4) RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE)
-
5) Privacy Capabilities Information Element
-
II. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending GAS Initial Request , and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in GAS Initial Response.
-
To request/respond AP’s privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA can send one of the (but not limited to) followings in Probe request, and AP can respond one of the (but not limited to) followings in Probe Response:
-
1) GAS Initial Request/GAS Initial Response with ANQP element
-
2) GAS Initial Request/GAS Initial Response with elements other than ANQP element
-
III. The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending Action Frame, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Action Frame.
-
It should be noted that privacy capabilities request and response in one of the aforementioned ways can be sent encrypted or unencrypted.
-
For B. I) Probe Request/Response, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
FIG. 17. a is a diagram showing Capability information field Definition in Probe Request Frame.
-
FIG. 17. b is a diagram showing Capability information field in Probe Response Frame.
-
FIG. 17. c is a diagram showing Capability information field Format.
-
FIG. 17. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 17. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 17. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Probe Response.
-
FIG. 17. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Probe Response
-
1) In one embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using Capability Information field in Probe Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using Capability Information field in Probe Response frame as shown in FIG. 17a to FIG. 17g:
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.9 does not define Capability Info field in Probe Request Frame. In this context, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define Capability Info field with order=42 for Probe Request as shown in FIG. 17. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.10 defines Capability Info field in Probe Response Frame with order=3 as shown in FIG. 17. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.1.4 defines Capability Info field as shown in FIG. 17. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) as shown in FIG. 17. d or
-
-one or more of the current existing reserved bits (B2, B3, B6, B7, B14, B15) as shown in FIG. 17.e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) as shown in FIG. 17. f or
-
-one or more of the current existing reserved bits (B2, B3, B6, B7, B14, B15) as shown in FIG. 17.g.
-
FIG. 18. a is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Probe Request Frame.
-
FIG. 18. b is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Probe Response Frame.
-
FIG. 18. c is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 18. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 18. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 18. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Response.
-
FIG. 18. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Response.
-
2) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Probe Response frame as shown in FIG. 18. a to FIG. 18. g.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.9 does not define RSN Information element (RSNE) in Probe Request Frame. In this context, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define RSN Information element (RSNE) with order=42 for Probe Request as shown in FIG. 18. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.10 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) in Probe Response Frame with order=16 as shown in FIG. 18. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.24 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) with Element ID =48 as shown in FIG. 18. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 18. d or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 18. e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 18. f or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 18. g.
-
FIG. 19. a is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request Frame.
-
FIG. 19. b is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response Frame.
-
FIG. 19. c is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 19. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 19. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 19. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response.
-
FIG. 19. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Extended
Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response.
-
3) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response frame as shown in FIG. 19. a to FIG. 19. g.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.9 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Request Frame with order=9 as shown in FIG. 19. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.10 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element in Probe Response Frame with order=35 as shown in FIG. 19. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.26 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element with Element ID =127 as shown in FIG. 19. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (n bits) in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 19. d or
-
-Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 19. e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (n bits) in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 19. f or
-
-Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 19. g.
-
FIG. 20. a is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request Frame.
-
FIG. 20. b is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Response Frame.
-
FIG. 20. c is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 20. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 20. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 20. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Response.
-
FIG. 20. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ) in Probe Response.
-
4) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Response frame as shown in FIG. 20. a to FIG. 20. g:
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.9 does not define RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Request Frame. In this context, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) with order=43 for Probe Request as shown in FIG. 20. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.10 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Probe Response Frame with order=92 as shown in FIG. 20. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.241 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) with Element ID =244 as shown in FIG. 20. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose proposes non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 20. d or
-
-Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 20. e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 20. f or
-
-Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 20. g.
-
FIG. 21. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element Definition and Format in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 21. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element Definition and Format in Probe Response.
-
FIG. 21. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Probe Request.
-
FIG. 21. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Probe Response.
-
5) In another embodiment, a non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using a newly defined Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Probe Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using a newly defined Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Probe Response frame as shown in FIG. 21. a to FIG. 21. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2 defines many Information Elements.
-
The proposed newly defined Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =118 as shown in FIG. 21. a.
-
The proposed newly defined Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =119
as shown in FIG. 21. b.
-
For example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element with order=42 in Probe Request for STA to request AP’s privacy capabilities as shown in FIG. 21. c, and Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element with order=112 in Probe Response for AP to respond its privacy capabilities as shown in FIG. 21. d.
-
In another embodiment, a single newly defined Information Element (e.g. Privacy Capabilities Information Element) can be used for both Privacy Capabilities request and Privacy Capabilities response.
-
For B. II) GAS Initial Request/GAS Initial Response, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
FIG. 22. a is a diagram showing ANQP in GAS Initial Request.
-
FIG. 22. b is a diagram showing ANQP in GAS Initial Response.
-
FIG. 22. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request with ANQP via Query List in GAS Initial Request.
-
FIG. 22. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response with ANQP in GAS Initial Response.
-
1) In one embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using ANQP element in GAS Initial Request, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using ANQP element in GAS Initial Response frame as shown in FIG. 22. a to FIG. 22. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.5 defines ANQP elements with Advertisement Protocol element=ANQP (Advertisement protocol ID = 0) for GAS Initial Request (defined in subsection 9.6.7.12) as shown in FIG. 22. a and for GAS Initial Response (defined in subsection 9.6.7.13) as shown in FIG. 22. b.
-
A non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using a newly defined ANQP Element called Privacy Capabilities with ANQP Query ID=287 via Query List (information ID=256) in GAS Initial Request as shown in FIG. 22. c, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using the newly defined ANQP Element called Privacy Capabilities with information ID=287 in GAS Initial Response as shown in FIG. 22. d.
-
2) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using any other protocol other than ANQP in GAS Initial Request, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using any other protocol other than ANQP in GAS Initial Response. Such scenario is possible if GAS Initial Request chooses any Advertisement protocol ID different than 0, for example, Advertisement protocol ID=1, 2, 3, 4, or reserved, as shown in FIG. 22. a, or if GAS Initial Response chooses any Advertisement protocol ID different than 0, for example, Advertisement protocol ID=1, 2, 3, 4, or reserved, as shown in FIG. 22. b.
-
For B. III) Action Frames, Non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities in Action frames and the non-AP STA can discover the AP’s privacy capabilities by receiving Action frames.
-
These types of action frames include action frames that are used to exchange AP’s capabilities (including AP’s privacy capabilities) . One example of such action frame is FILS Action
Frame.
-
For C. Discovery During Connection Establishment, Non-AP STA and AP can also exchange AP’s privacy capabilities during connection establishment as explained below. Here, connection establishment means that the non-AP STA attempts to associate with the AP by sending authentication frames, association frames, or 4-way Handshake frames. It should be noted that these frames must come after passive (beacon) or active (probes, GAS, action) scanning, and before connection setup (data frames) .
-
The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending Authentication Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Authentication Response.
-
Or, the AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Authentication Response (without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA) .
-
It should be noted that Authentication Request corresponds to Authentication frames sent from non-AP STA to AP. Authentication Response corresponds to Authentication frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
To request/respond AP’s privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA can send one of the (but not limited to) followings in Authentication Request, and AP can respond one of the (but not limited to) followings in Authentication Response,
-
Or, AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Authentication Response (without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA) in one of the (but not limited to) followings:
-
1) RSN Information Element (RSNE) ;
-
2) Privacy Capabilities Information Element.
-
The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending Association Request, and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in Association Response.
-
Or, the AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Association Response (without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA) .
-
It should be noted that Association Request corresponds to Association frames sent from non-AP STA to AP. Association Response corresponds to Association frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
To request/respond AP’s privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA can send one of the (but not limited to) followings in Association Request, and AP can respond one of the (but not limited to) followings in Association Response.
-
Or, AP advertises its privacy capabilities in Association Response (without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA) in one of the (but not limited to) followings:
-
1) Capability Information field;
-
2) RSN Information Element (RSNE) ;
-
3) Extended Capabilities Information Element;
-
4) RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ;
-
5) Privacy Capabilities Information Element.
-
The non-AP STA requests AP’s privacy capabilities by sending 4-way Handshake Request,
and receives AP’s privacy capabilities in 4-way Handshake Response.
-
Or, the AP advertises its privacy capabilities in 4-way Handshake Response (without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA) .
-
It should be noted that 4-way Handshake Request corresponds to 4-way Handshake frames sent from non-AP STA to AP. 4-way Handshake Response corresponds to 4-way Handshake frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
To request/respond AP’s privacy capabilities, the non-AP STA can send one of the (but not limited to) followings in 4-way Handshake Request, and AP can respond one of the (but not limited to) followings in 4-way Handshake Response.
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities in 4-way Handshake Response (without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA) in one of the (but not limited to) followings:
-
1) Reserved Bits Field;
-
2) Key Data Encapsulation (KDE) Field;
-
3) Privacy Capabilities field (n bits) .
-
It should be noted that privacy capabilities exchange during the connection establishment in one of the aforementioned ways can be sent encrypted or unencrypted.
-
For C. I) Authentication Request/Response, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
FIG. 23. a is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Authentication Frame.
-
FIG. 23. b is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 23. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Request.
-
FIG. 23. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Request.
-
FIG. 23. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Response.
-
FIG. 23. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Response.
-
1) In one embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Response frame.
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Authentication Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA, as shown in FIG. 23. a to FIG. 23. f.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.11 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) in Authentication Frame with order=11 as shown in FIG. 23. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.24 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) with Element ID =48 as shown in FIG. 23. b.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 23. c or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 23. d.
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 23. e or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 23. f.
-
FIG. 24. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element Definition and Format in Authentication Request.
-
FIG. 24. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element Definition and Format in Authentication Response.
-
FIG. 24. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Authentication Request.
-
FIG. 24. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Authentication Response.
-
2) In another embodiment, a non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using a newly defined Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Authentication Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using a newly defined Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Authentication response,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Authentication Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA, as shown in FIG. 24. a to FIG. 24. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2 defines many Information Elements.
-
The proposed newly defined Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =118 as shown in FIG. 24. a.
-
The proposed newly defined Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =119 as shown in FIG. 24. b.
-
For example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element with order=26 in Authentication Request for STA to request AP’s privacy capabilities as shown in FIG. 24. c, and Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element with order=27 in Authentication Response for AP to respond or advertise its privacy capabilities as shown in FIG. 24. d.
-
In another embodiment, a single newly defined Information Element (e.g. Privacy Capabilities Information Element) can be used for both Privacy Capabilities request and Privacy Capabilities response.
-
For C. II) Association Request/Response, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
FIG. 25. a is a diagram showing Capability information field in Association Request Frame.
-
FIG. 25. b is a diagram showing Capability information field in Association Response Frame.
-
FIG. 25. c is a diagram showing Capability information field Format.
-
FIG. 25. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Association Request.
-
FIG. 25. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Association Request.
-
FIG. 25. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field in Association Response.
-
FIG. 25. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field in Association Response.
-
1) In one embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using Capability Information field in Association Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using Capability Information field in Association Response frame.
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using Capability Information field in Association Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 25.a to FIG. 25. g.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.5 defines Capability Information field in Association Request Frame with order=1 as shown in FIG. 25. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.6 defines Capability Information field in Association Response Frame with order=1 as shown in FIG. 25. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.1.4 defines Capability Info field as shown in FIG. 25. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) as shown in FIG. 25. d or
-
-one or more of the current existing reserved bits (B2, B3, B6, B7, B14, B15) as shown in FIG. 25.e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) as shown in FIG. 25. f or
-
-one or more of the current existing reserved bits (B2, B3, B6, B7, B14, B15) as shown in FIG. 25.g.
-
FIG. 26. a is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Association Request Frame.
-
FIG. 26. b is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) in Association Response Frame.
-
FIG. 26. c is a diagram showing RSN Information element (RSNE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 26. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities
field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Request.
-
FIG. 26. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Request.
-
FIG. 26. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Response.
-
FIG. 26. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Response.
-
2) In one embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Response frame,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using RSN Information Element (RSNE) in Association Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA, as shown in FIG. 26. a to FIG. 26. g.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.5 does defines RSN Information element (RSNE) in Association Request Frame with order=8 as shown in FIG. 26. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.6 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) in Association Response Frame with order=10 as shown in FIG. 26. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.24 defines RSN Information element (RSNE) with Element ID =48 as shown in FIG. 26. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 26. d or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 26. e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 26. f or
-
-RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) as shown in FIG. 26. g.
-
FIG. 27. a is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request Frame.
-
FIG. 27. b is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response Frame.
-
FIG. 27. c is a diagram showing Extended Capabilities Information Element Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 27. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request.
-
FIG. 27. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request.
-
FIG. 27. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response.
-
FIG. 27. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response.
-
3) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response frame,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 27. a to FIG. 27. g.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.5 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Request Frame with order=15 as shown in FIG. 27. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.6 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element in Association Response Frame with order=19 as shown in FIG. 27. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.26 defines Extended Capabilities Information Element with Element ID =127 as shown in FIG. 27. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (n bits) in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 27. d or
-
-Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 27. e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (n bits) in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 27. f or
-
-Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element as shown in FIG. 27. g.
-
FIG. 28. a is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request Frame.
-
FIG. 28. b is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response Frame.
-
FIG. 28. c is a diagram showing RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) Definition and Format.
-
FIG. 28. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request.
-
FIG. 28. e is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request.
-
FIG. 28. f is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response.
-
FIG. 28. g is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities response or advertisement carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) ) in Association Response.
-
4) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response frame,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 28. a to FIG. 28. g.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.5 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response Frame with order=43 as shown in FIG. 28. a.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.3.3.6 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) in Association Response Frame with order=55 as shown in FIG. 28. b.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2.241 defines RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) with Element ID =244 as shown in FIG. 28. c.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 28. d or
-
-Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 28. e.
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities field (k bits) in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 28. f or
-
-Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) as shown in FIG. 28. g.
-
FIG. 29. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element Definition and Format in Association Request.
-
FIG. 29. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element Definition and Format in Association Response.
-
FIG. 29. c is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Association Request.
-
FIG. 29. d is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Association Response.
-
5) In another embodiment, a non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using a newly defined Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element in Association Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using a newly defined
Information Element called Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Association Response,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element in Association Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA, as shown in FIG. 29a to FIG. 29. d.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 9.4.2 defines many Information Elements.
-
The proposed newly defined Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =118 as shown in FIG. 29. a.
-
The proposed newly defined Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element takes advantage of the reserved fields and is defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =119 as shown in FIG. 29. b.
-
For example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose to define Privacy Capabilities Request Information Element with order=59 in Association Request for STA to request AP’s privacy capabilities as shown in FIG. 29. c, and Privacy Capabilities Response Information Element with order=78 in Association Response for AP to respond or advertise its privacy capabilities as shown in FIG. 29. d.
-
In another embodiment, a single newly defined Information Element (e.g. Privacy Capabilities Information Element) can be used for both Privacy Capabilities request and Privacy Capabilities response.
-
For C. III) 4-way Handshake, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
FIG. 30 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request and response/advertisement in Reserved Bits Field in 4-way Handshake frame.
-
1) In one embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using reserved bits field in 4-way Handshake Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using reserved bits field in 4-way Handshake Response frame,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using reserved bits field in 4-way Handshake Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 30:
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 12.7.4 defines reserved bits field for 4-way Handshake fames as shown in FIG. 30.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Reserved bits field (n bits) .
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Reserved bits field (n bits) .
-
FIG. 31 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request and response/advertisement in KDE Field in 4-way Handshake frame.
-
2) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using Key
Data Encapsulation (KDE) field in 4-way Handshake Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using Key Data Encapsulation (KDE) field in 4-way Handshake Response frame,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using Key Data Encapsulation (KDE) field in 4-way Handshake Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 31:
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 12.7.4 defines Key Data Encapsulation (KDE) field for 4-way Handshake fames as shown in FIG. 31.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 12.7.4 also defines different Key Data Encapsulations (KDEs) for 4-way Handshake fames (such as RSNE KDE, RSNXE KDE etc. ) as shown in FIG. 31.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-One of the existing KDEs (such as RSNE KDE, RSNXE KDE) in KDE field or
-
-A newly defined KDE called Privacy Capabilities Request KDE.
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-One of the existing KDEs (such as RSNE KDE, RSNXE KDE) in KDE field or
-
-A newly defined KDE called Privacy Capabilities Response KDE.
-
FIG. 32 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities request and response/advertisement in a newly defined Privacy Capabilities Request/Response Field in 4-way Handshake frame.
-
3) In another embodiment, non-AP STA can request AP’s privacy capabilities by using a newly defined called Privacy Capabilities Request field in 4-way Handshake Request frame, and AP can respond its privacy capabilities by using a newly defined called Privacy Capabilities Response field in 4-way Handshake Response frame,
-
Or, AP can advertise its privacy capabilities by using a newly defined called Privacy Capabilities field in 4-way Handshake Response frame without privacy capabilities request from non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 32:
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 12.7.4 defines 4-way Handshake fames as shown in FIG. 32.
-
To request privacy capabilities from the AP, for example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose non-AP STA to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities Request field (n bits) .
-
To respond privacy capabilities or advertise privacy capabilities from the AP, tfor example, embodiments of the present disclosure propose AP to use:
-
-Privacy Capabilities Response field (n bits) .
-
FIG. 33 is a diagram showing Proposed Privacy Capability Selection.
-
As mentioned, the current 802.11bh and 802.11bi solutions do not specify for non-AP STA to select/use (opt-in/opt-out) AP’s specific privacy capabilities when it wants to associate with the AP (ESS) . In exemplary embodiments, opt-in means “selecting specific privacy capabilities to use, including all” . (For example, among 5 privacy capabilities, STA selects [opts-in] 4 privacy
capabilities) . Opt-out means “not selecting specific privacy capabilities, including none” . (For example, among 5 privacy capabilities, STA does not select [opts-out] 2 privacy capabilities) . The STA should be able to dynamically changes its preferences [opt-in or opt-out] (for example, among 5 privacy capabilities, STA selects [opts-in] 3 privacy capabilities, but after some time gives up [opts-out] one of them, ending up using 2 privacy capabilities) .
-
As shown in FIG. 33, exemplary embodiments propose for non-AP STA to select (opt-in/opt-out) specific privacy capabilities during and/or after associating with the network.
-
During Associating (before secure connection establishment between non-AP STA and AP) ;
-
-The non-AP STA can opt-in/opt-out one/none/all of the AP’s privacy capabilities via (but not limited to) Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake, or Action Frames.
-
-The AP can make the non-AP STA opt-in/opt-out one/none/all of the AP’s privacy capabilities via (but not limited to) Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake, or Action frames.
-
After Associating (after secure connection establishment between non-AP STA and AP) ;
-
-When the non-AP STA opts-in (or opts-out) one/none/all of the AP’s privacy capabilities, it is able to opt-out/or opt-in specific privacy capabilities at any necessary time via (but not limited to) De-association, De-authentication, or Action frames.
-
-When the non-AP STA opts-in (or opts-out) one/none/all of the AP’s privacy capabilities, AP can make the non-AP STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities at any necessary time via
-
(but not limited to) De-association, De-authentication, or Action frames.
-
In order to achieve privacy capability discovery, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose to use one of the (but not limited to) :
-
1) Capability Information field
-
2) RSN Information Element (RSNE)
-
3) Extended Capabilities Information Element
-
4) RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE)
-
5) Privacy Capabilities IE (a newly defined IE)
-
6) ANQP element
-
7) Privacy Capabilities KDE (a newly defined KDE) /4-way Handshake fields
-
8) Status info
-
in related frames depending on the discovery mechanism.
-
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism for privacy capability selection in Wi-Fi networks. FIG. 33 illustrates the general idea of the privacy capability selection.
-
As follows, the details of Proposed Privacy Capabilities Selection, the definition of Privacy Capabilities, and some examples of Privacy Capability Selection will be further described.
-
The following describes the details of Privacy Capabilities Selection.
-
As mentioned previously, non-AP STA can opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of the AP during and/or after associating with the AP. Similarly, AP can make non-AP STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of the AP during and/or after associating with the AP, as summarized
as follows.
-
During Associating:
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Authentication Request Frame, or
-
AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Authentication Response Frame.
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Association Request Frame, or
-
AP makes STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Association Response Frame.
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in 4-way Handshake Request Frame, or
-
AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in 4-way Handshake Response Frame, or
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Action Frame.
-
AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Action Frame.
-
During connection establishment:
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Authentication Frame, or
-
AP makes STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Authentication Frame.
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Association Frame, or
-
AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Association Frame.
-
Non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Action Frame, or
-
AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Action Frame
-
“During associating” implies that the non-AP STA and AP exchanges Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake, and action frames (if any) . In other words, the secure connection is not yet established, but is about to be established.
-
After associating implies that the non-AP STA and AP completes Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake, and action frames (if any) , and secure connection is established, for example, the keys for encryption is derived and ready to be used. At this point, the non-AP STA and AP can start transmitting data frames securely.
-
It should be noted that privacy capabilities selection in one of the aforementioned ways below can be sent encrypted or unencrypted.
-
In order to achieve privacy capability selection, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose to use one of the (but not limited to) followings:
-
FIG. 34. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in bit 16 to bit n (B16-Bn) in Capability Information field.
-
FIG. 34. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in one or more of the existing reserved bits in Capability Information field.
-
1) Capability Information field: This field is already defined in 802.11REVme_D2.1. Extra bits (as shown in FIG. 34. a) or already existing reserved bits (as shown in FIG. 34. b) in Capability Information field can be used for privacy capability selection, as shown in FIG. 34. a and FIG. 34b.
-
FIG. 35. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) .
-
FIG. 35. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in RSN Capabilities field in RSN Information Element (RSNE) .
-
2) RSN Information Element (RSNE) : This IE is already defined in 802.11REVme_D2.1 with Element ID =48. A newly defined Privacy Capabilities selection field (as shown in FIG. 35. a) or already existing RSN Capabilities field (as shown in FIG. 35. b) in RSNE can be used for privacy capability selection.
-
FIG. 36. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Privacy Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element.
-
FIG. 36. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Extended Capabilities field in Extended Capabilities Information Element.
-
3) Extended Capabilities Information Element: This IE is already defined in 802.11REVme_D2.1 with Element ID =127. A newly defined Privacy Capabilities selection field (as shown in FIG. 36. a) or already existing Extended Capabilities field (as shown in FIG. 36. b) in Extended Capabilities Information Element can be used for privacy capability selection.
-
FIG. 37. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Privacy Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) .
-
FIG. 37. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection carried in Extended RSN Capabilities field in RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) .
-
4) RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE) : This IE is already defined in 802.11REVme_D2.1 with Element ID =244. A newly defined Privacy Capabilities Selection field (as shown in FIG. 37. a) or already existing Extended RSN Capabilities (as shown in FIG. 37. b) in Extended Capabilities Information Element can be used for privacy capability selection.
-
FIG. 38 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Information Element Definition and Format.
-
5) Privacy Capabilities Selection IE: This is a newly defined IE. As an example, this IE can be defined with Element ID =255 and Element ID Extension =118 in 802.11 802.11REVme_D2.1. This IE can be used for privacy capability selection, as shown in FIG. 38.
-
FIG. 39 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection in Reserved Bits Field (1) , Privacy Selection Field (2) , or Privacy Selection KDE (3) in 4-way Handshake frame.
-
6) Privacy Capabilities Selection KDE/4-way Handshake fields: Privacy Capabilities Selection KDE is a newly defined KDE in 4-way Handshake frame for privacy selection (shown as (3) in FIG. 39) . Alternatively, Reserved bits field (shown as (1) in FIG. 39) or a newly defined Reserved
bits field (shown as (2) in FIG. 39) can be used for privacy selection, as shown in FIG. 39.
-
FIG. 40. a is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Status Code.
-
FIG. 40. b is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Reason Code.
-
7) Status info (Status Code/Reason Code) : Status info can be sent in management frame to indicate the privacy capabilities selection (opt-in/opt-out) . As an example, status info can be included in IE in a relevant frame.
-
Similarly, Status Codes or Reason Codes can be used to opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities. In this context, we propose to define Privacy Capabilities Selection Status Code (status code=130) as shown in FIG. 40. a and Privacy Capabilities Selection Reason Code (reason code=72) as shown in FIG. 40. b.
-
Privacy Capabilities Selection Status Code or Privacy Capabilities Selection Reason Code includes at least one of them in the Table 2.
-
[note1] in the table 2, _x implies a specific privacy capability.
-
[note2] in the table 2, STA can be non-AP STA or AP depending on the usage.
-
Table 2 –An example of Privacy Capabilities Status Info
-
For selection during associating, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
For Authentication Request/Response, in one embodiment, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Authentication Request Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Authentication Response Frame by using at least:
-
· RSN Information Element (RSNE)
-
· Privacy Capabilities Information Element
-
· Status Info.
-
It should be noted that Authentication Request corresponds to Authentication frames sent
from non-AP STA to AP. Authentication Response corresponds to Authentication frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
For Association Request/Response, in another embodiment, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Association Request Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Association Response Frame by using at least:
-
· Capability Information field
-
· RSN Information Element (RSNE)
-
· Extended Capabilities Information Element
-
· RSN Extension Information Element (RSNXE)
-
· Privacy Capabilities Information Element
-
· Status Info.
-
It should be noted that Authentication Request corresponds to Authentication frames sent from non-AP STA to AP. Authentication Response corresponds to Authentication frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
For 4-way Handshake Request/Response, in another embodiment, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in 4-way Handshake Request Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in 4-way Handshake Response Frame by using at least:
-
· Privacy Capabilities Selection KDE
-
· Reserved bits field
-
· Privacy Capabilities Selection field.
-
It should be noted that 4-way Handshake Request corresponds to 4-way Handshake frames sent from non-AP STA to AP. 4-way Handshake Response corresponds to 4-way Handshake frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
For Action Frames, in another embodiment, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Action Request Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in Action Response Frame by using at least:
-
· Privacy Capabilities Selection IE
-
· Status Info.
-
FIG. 41 is a diagram showing Privacy Capabilities Selection Action Frame.
-
As an example, this action frame can be defined with category value =33 in 802.11REVme_D2.1. This action frame can be used for privacy capability selection, as shown in FIG. 41.
-
It should be noted that Action Request corresponds to Action frames sent from non-AP STA to AP. Action Response corresponds to 4-way Handshake frames sent from AP to non-AP STA.
-
For selection during connection establishment, further details may be proposed as follows.
-
For De-Authentication Frame, in one embodiment, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Authentication Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Authentication Frame by using at least:
-
· Privacy Capabilities Selection IE
-
· Status Info.
-
It should be noted that De-Authentication frames can be sent either from non-AP STA or AP.
-
For De-Association Frame, in another embodiment, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Association Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in De-Association Frame by using at least:
-
· Privacy Capabilities Selection IE
-
· Status Info.
-
It should be noted that De-Association frames can be sent either from non-AP STA or AP.
-
For Action Frame, in another embodiment, similarly during associating, non-AP STA opts-in/opts-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in a newly defined Action Request Frame, or AP makes STA opt-in/opt-out specific privacy capabilities of AP in a newly defined Action Response Frame by using at least:
-
· Privacy Capabilities Selection IE
-
· Status Info.
-
privacy capability definition may be further proposed as follows.
-
Different networks most likely supports different privacy capabilities. Following illustrates some examples of privacy capabilities to select.
-
Privacy capabilities of a network can range from high level privacy to really detailed privacy capabilities.
-
As an example, privacy capabilities of a network might include one privacy capabilities in table 3:
-
Table 3 –An Example of Privacy Capabilities Definition
-
When non-AP STA selects a privacy capability, it can use MLME-SAP primitives when a specific privacy capability is signaled from the upper layer.
-
802.11REVme_D2.1 subsection 6.5 defines many MLME-SAP primitives. In this context, a privacy capability MLME-SAP primitive can be defined for any relevant frames (shown in FIG. 33) .
-
As an example, if privacy capability selection is used in Association request/response, MLME-SAP primitives for privacy capabilities can be defined as follows:
-
Further, some examples of privacy capability selection may be proposed bellow.
-
FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an Example Scenario 1.
-
The procedure in example 1 may include following steps.
-
Step 1: non-AP STA discovers AP’s privacy capabilities that the AP supports 1) Network Diagnostics 2) Troubleshooting 3) Pre-Association Client Steering.
-
Step 2: non-AP STA only wants to select Troubleshooting and sends this privacy capability selection in Association Request.
-
Step 3: non-AP STA and AP establishes connection with Troubleshooting selected.
-
FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an Example Scenario 2.
-
The procedure in example 2 may include following steps.
-
Step 1: non-AP STA discovers AP’s privacy capabilities that the AP supports 1) Post-Association Changing MAC 2) Customer Support.
-
Step 2: non-AP STA only wants to select Post-Association Changing MAC and sends this privacy capability selection in 4-way Handshake Request.
-
Step 3: non-AP STA and AP establishes connection with Post-Association Changing MAC selected.
-
Step 4: AP decides to change its privacy policy and does not support Post-Association Changing MAC anymore.
-
Step 5: Because of the reason in Step4, AP sends de-authentication frame with reason_code=CHANGE_PRIVACY to non-AP STA.
-
Step 6: non-AP STA associates with the AP again without selecting Post-Association Changing MAC.
-
FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing an exemplary structure for the terminal device, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
-
As shown in FIG. 44, the terminal device 440 comprises means 4400 configured for: obtaining information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of a network node; and selecting none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means 4400 are further configured for performing the method according any of the embodiments above mentioned, such as shown in FIG. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D.
-
In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means 4400 comprise: at least one processor 4402; and at least one memory 4404 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 4402, cause the performance of the terminal device 440.
-
FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an exemplary structure for the network node, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
-
As shown in FIG. 45, a network node 450 comprises means 4500 configured for: transmitting, to a terminal device, information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node. The information is for a terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means 4500 are further configured for performing the method according any of the embodiments above mentioned, such as shown in FIG. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the means 4500 comprise: at least one processor 4502; and at least one memory 4504 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 4502, cause the performance of the network node 450.
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The processor 4402, 4502 may be any kind of processing component, such as one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs) , special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The memory 4404, 4504 may be any kind of storage component, such as read-only memory (ROM) , random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
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FIG. 46 is a block diagram showing an apparatus/computer readable storage medium, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
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As shown in FIG. 46, a computer-readable storage medium 460 storing instructions 461, which when executed by at least one processor of a terminal device, cause the at least one processor of the terminal device to perform the method according to any of the embodiments above mentioned, such as shown in FIG. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D; or when executed by at least one processor of a network node, cause the at least one processor of the network node to perform the method according to any of the embodiments above mentioned, such as shown in FIG. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D.
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In addition, the present disclosure may also provide a carrier containing the computer program/instructions as mentioned above. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or the above computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, an optical compact disk or an electronic memory device like a RAM (random access memory) , a ROM (read only memory) , Flash memory, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, DVD, Blue-ray disc and the like.
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FIG. 47 is a block diagram showing exemplary apparatus units for the terminal device, which is suitable for performing the method according to embodiments of the disclosure.
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As shown in FIG. 47, the terminal device 470 may include an obtaining unit 4702, configured for obtaining information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of a network node; and a selecting unit 4704, selecting none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal device 470 is further configured for performing the method according any of the embodiments above mentioned, such as shown in FIG. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D.
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FIG. 48 is a block diagram showing exemplary apparatus units for the network node, which is suitable for performing the method according to embodiments of the disclosure.
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As shown in FIG. 48, the network node 480 may include: a transmitting 4802, configured for transmitting, to a terminal device, information indicating a plurality of privacy capabilities of the network node. The information is for a terminal device to select none or at least one capability in the plurality of privacy capabilities.
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In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the network node 480 is further configured for performing the method according any of the embodiments above mentioned, such as shown in FIG. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D.
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The term ‘unit’ may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
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As used in the present disclosure, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
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(a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analogy and/or digital circuitry) and
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(b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
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(i) a combination of analogy and/or digital hardware circuit (s) with software/firmware and
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(ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
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(c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. ”
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This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in the present disclosure, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in the present disclosure, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
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With these units, the apparatus may not need a fixed processor or memory, any kind of computing resource and storage resource may be arranged from at least one network
node/device/entity/apparatus relating to the communication system. The virtualization technology and network computing technology (e.g., cloud computing) may be further introduced, so as to improve the usage efficiency of the network resources and the flexibility of the network.
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The techniques described herein may be implemented by various means so that an apparatus implementing one or more functions of a corresponding apparatus described with an embodiment comprises not only prior art means, but also means for implementing the one or more functions of the corresponding apparatus described with the embodiment and it may comprise separate means for each separate function, or means that may be configured to perform two or more functions. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more apparatuses) , firmware (one or more apparatuses) , software (one or more modules/units) , or combinations thereof. For a firmware or software, implementation may be made through modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
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In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionalities may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
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The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
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As described in above exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, embodiments herein afford many advantages. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an improved manner for privacy mechanism, particularly for discovering and/or selecting privacy capabilities of the network node, may be provided.
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According to embodiments of the present disclosure, after obtaining (i.e., discovering) the privacy capabilities of the network node, the capability in the privacy capabilities may be selected flexibly. Such mechanism will be much more applicable for complicated network scenarios.
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It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustration but not limitation. The present disclosure may be carried out in other ways than those specifically set forth herein without departing from essential characteristics of the disclosure. All changes to these embodiments not departing from the meaning and equivalency of the appended claims are intended to be comprised herein.
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The followings are the references which are incorporated herein in their entirety:
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[22/332r37] : IEEE 802.11-21/0332r37, IEEE P802.11, Wireless LANs, Issues Tracking,
Date: 2022-06-11, Author (s) : Mark Hamilton (Ruckus/CommScope) , Jay Yang (Nokia) .
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[22/187r2] : IEEE 802.11-22/0187r2, IEEE P802.11, Wireless LANs, Network generated Device ID, Date: 2022-03-10, Author (s) : Jouni Malinen (Qualcomm, Inc. ) .
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[23/1975r4] : IEEE 802.11-22/1975r4, 802.11bi Draft Specification, Proposed spec texts for protected version of unicast management frames, Date: 2022-11-07, Author (s) : Po-Kai Huang, Danny Alexander, Ido Ouzieli, Johannes Berg, Ilan Peer (Intel) .
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[22/1848r16] : IEEE 802.11-21/1848r16, IEEE P802.11, Wireless LANs, TGbi Requirements Tracking, Date: 2022-09-14, Author (s) : Carol Ansley (Cox Communications) .
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802.11Revme D2.1 (802.11REVme_D2.1) : IEEE P802.11-REVme/D2.1, January 2023, Draft Standard for Information Technology -Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Specific Requirements, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Prepared by the 802.11 Working Group of the LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society
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ABBREVIATION EXPLANATION
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ANQP Access Network Query Protocol
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AP Access Point
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DA Destination Address
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ESS Extended Service Set
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GAS Generic Advertisement Service
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IE Information Element
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KDE Key Data Encapsulation
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PHY Physical Layer
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RCM Random and Changing MAC
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RF Radio Frequency
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RMA Random MAC Address
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SA Source Address
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STA Station
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TA Transmitted Address
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WFA Wi-Fi Alliance
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OTA Over the air
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SSPN Subscription service provider network
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TDLS Tunneled Direct Link Setup
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FILS Fast initial link setup