TECHNICAL FIELD
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The present invention relates to a hood for a window, and in particular to a hood comprising at least one filter-retaining component for retaining a filter device. The present invention further relates to a roof window having a hood, the hood comprising at least one filter-retaining component for retaining a filter device.
BACKGROUND
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Roof windows are typically windows that are installed in the sloped surface of a roof. One popular roof window comprises a rectangular frame which is fixable in an aperture in a roof, and a sash connected to the frame via a hinge. The frame typically comprises two parallel side frame members, and parallel top and bottom frame members. Likewise, the sash also typically comprises two parallel side sash-frame members, and parallel top and bottom sash-frame members. The sash can be positioned relative to the frame in a closed position and can be locked to the frame to secure the closed window. To open the roof window, the sash can be unlocked from the frame and pivoted about the hinge. Roof windows typically have a set of two hinges that are symmetrically arranged with one at either side of the sash. The hinges may be located at the upper part of the sash and frame, and these roof windows are often referred to as 'top hung'. A more popular arrangement, however, involves the hinges being located approximately halfway along the side of the sash and the frame (often referred to as a 'centre pivot' roof window). Such a window is shown in Figure 1 indicated by reference numeral 1, and it has a sash 2 pivoted to the frame 3. When the sash 2 is opened in such roof windows, the top of the sash 2 pivots into the room, and the bottom of the sash pivots out of the roof. The sash may even be pivoted through almost 180° to enable the outer surface of the glazing to be accessed and cleaned from the room below the roof window.
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It is inevitable that a small gap is present between the roof window frame and the sash, as the sash must be able to move freely within the frame and cannot therefore abut against the frame. This gap must be weatherproofed at the exterior side of the roof window to prevent ingress of rainwater. The gap is typically covered by roof window coverings to provide a barrier for rainwater. Referring to the prior art centre-pivot roof window of Figure 1, the roof window coverings involve two lower parallel sash-frame cover members 4a, 4b fixed to the sash-frame side members 5a, 5b and extending across the gap between the frame 3 and the sash 2 when the roof window is closed. There are also two upper parallel frame cover members 6a, 6b that are fixed to the frame side members 7a, 7b and extend across the gap between the frame 3 and the sash 2. The bottom edge of the upper frame cover members 6a, 6b overlaps the top edge of the lower sash-frame cover members 5a, 5b when the roof window is closed. When the roof window is opened, the sash-frame cover members pivot outwards with the movement of the sash. There is also typically a sash-frame cover member on the sash-frame bottom member (not shown), covering the gap at the bottom of the roof window. Finally, a hood 8 is typically provided, fixed to the frame 3, that sits at the top of the roof window 1 covering the gap between the frame top member 9 and sash-frame top member 10. The hood 8 has a middle portion 11 and two end caps 12a, 12b at either end of the middle portion 11.
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Openable roof windows provide ample ventilation when opened. However, if it is raining, it is not possible to open the roof window without also allowing rainwater to enter the room below the roof window. There is therefore increasing desire to provide roof windows that can deliver substantial ventilation even when closed, as this allows the room below the roof window to be ventilated even when it is raining.
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Many centre-pivot windows will be fitted with a ventilation flap on the interior side of the upper sash member, covering the gap between the upper frame member and upper sash frame member. A gap is also purposefully left between the hood and the sash glazing so that air can pass in underneath the hood and into the space between the upper frame member and upper sash-frame member. When the ventilation flap is closed, air cannot pass into the room below. When the ventilation flap is opened, by pivoting the flap about the sash, air can freely move underneath the hood and through the gap between the upper sash-frame member and upper frame member.
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Furthermore, it is desirable to ensure that air passing into the room below is clean. In order to achieve this, some roof windows incorporate one or more air filters, typically located in the hood of the roof window and/or within the ventilation flap itself. Generally, these air filters consist of porous foams that may be built into the hood and/or ventilation flap itself. In some cases, these are intended to be a permanent fixture within the aforementioned part(s). However, a common issue with such filters is that dirt, grime and other undesirable components tend to accumulate within the air filters, particularly those filters situated within the air ventilation passage of a hood, which is detrimental to maintaining a constant flow of fresh air into the room below. Accordingly, some solutions exist which involve the use of replaceable porous foams. These foams are typically cut to size and manually forced into gaps, such as ventilation gaps located within hoods for roof windows. However, this process tends to be laborious, and can lead to gaps being present should the filter not be cut to the correct size, which can prove frustrating for users.
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It is therefore an object of this invention to obviate or mitigate the concerns and disadvantages as detailed above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a filter-retaining component for releasably retaining a filter device, the filter-retaining component comprising:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
- wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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In preferred embodiments, the retaining means is changeable from the first configuration to the second configuration by operation, preferably by actuation, of the actuation means.
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Ideally, the retaining means may comprise a retainer. The retainer may be a retaining clip. The retaining clip may be formed from at least one projection adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may be formed from at least two projections adapted for retaining the filter device or may even be formed from at least three projections adapted for retaining the filter device. The projections may project from a body of the retaining clip. The retaining clip may comprise at least one projection adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise at least two projections adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise at least three projections adapted for retaining the filter device. Thus, the retaining clip may comprise a plurality of projections adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise a body. Where two or more projections are present, some of, or each, projection may be configured to cooperate with another or other projections to retain the filter device. Each projection may have a portion, or portions, and this portion or these portions may be configured to and/or arranged to retain the filter device. The portion or portions may be located distal to the body from which these projections project. The portion or portions of the or each projection may collectively form a retaining portion. The body may have a first body face. The body may have a second body face. The projections may project form the first body face.
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At least one projection of the plurality of projections may comprise two portions that are configured to and arranged to retain the filter device by receiving a part thereof between said portions. The part thereof may be a locating flange element of the filter device. The two portions may project from a surface of the at least one projection. The two portions are spaced apart from each other along the at least one projection so as to define a locating recess therebetween. The locating recess is suitable for receiving a locating flange element of the filter device. A portion, of the two portions, may function as an end wall portion that permits the filter device to rotate in a pivoting manner as the filter device is urged along the ramp portion, and more particularly, as it is urged along the ramp portion from an upper ramp end to a lower ramp end.
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At least two projections of the plurality of projections may define a jaw portion for clamping at least part of the filter device therebetween. The jaw portion may be configured to clamp the urging flange of the rail body. The jaw portion may be switchable from a closed state to an open state by actuation of the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration. A projection, of the at least two projections of the plurality of projections that define a jaw portion, may be an elastically deformable projection. The elastically deformable projection may be accessible for actuation by a user when at least part of the filter device is clamped within the jaw portion.
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At least one projection of the plurality of projections may be at least one elastically deformable projection. The actuation means may be the at least one elastically deformable projection of the plurality of projections. Thus, the actuation means may comprise an elastically deformable projection.
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The at least one elastically deformable projection may comprise a ramp portion. Beneficially, in use, a flange of the filter device may abut with and travel along the ramp portion from an upper end of the ramp portion to a lower end of the ramp portion such that the elastically deformable projection can be actuated from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration by a filter device.
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Ideally, the actuation means may be actuatable from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by urging the filter device along the ramp portion. The jaw portion may be switchable from the closed state to an open state by urging the filter device along the ramp portion, and more particularly, by urging the filter device along the ramp portion from an upper ramp end to a lower ramp end.
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Ideally, the actuation means is biased towards the rest configuration. The actuation means may be resiliently biased towards the rest configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means is operable to releasably retain the filter device. In some embodiments, the actuation means may be coupled to the retaining means. The actuation means may be operably coupled to the retaining means. The actuation means may be coupled, or more preferably, operably coupled to a part of the retaining means. Alternatively, the actuation means may form at least part of the retaining means. Each of the above arrangements are advantageous, as the actuation means may be operable to releasably retain the filter device, thereby enabling easy removal and replacement of the filter device, thus ensuring that the filter function of any device incorporating the present invention is filtering air efficiently and effectively.
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Ideally, the first configuration may be for retention of the filter device by the filter-retaining component. The second configuration may be for releasing a filter device retained by the filter-retaining component.
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In preferred embodiments, the rest configuration of the actuation means is a filter-retaining configuration. Alternatively, the rest configuration of the actuation means is a filter-releasing configuration.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuated configuration of the actuation means is a filter-releasing configuration. Alternatively, the actuated configuration of the actuation means is a filter-retaining configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means is configured to be actuatable when the filter device is retained by the retaining means. The actuation means may comprise a portion adapted for actuation. The portion adapted for actuation may be adapted for actuation by force. For example, the portion may be adapted for pushing, pressing, pulling, sliding or the like. The portion may also be adapted for actuation when the filter device is retained by the retaining means. In embodiments where the actuation means forms part of the retaining means, the actuation means comprising a portion adapted for actuation may be particularly advantageous, as it enables a user to access the portion adapted for actuation. That is, it is not obscured or inaccessible to a user by a filter device retained by the retaining means. In other words, the actuation means may be accessible by a user when a filter device is retained by the retaining means.
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Ideally, the actuation means is actuatable from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by force. The actuation means may be actuated from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by user operation, for example, actuation by use of the hand of a user. When actuated by hand, the actuation means may be actuated, for example, by pushing the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration or by urging the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means is configured to revert back to the rest configuration upon removal of the actuating force.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is configurable to secure the filter device in the rest configuration. Alternatively, the rest configuration may be one where a retained filter device is removable.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is configurable to allow the filter device to be released in the actuated configuration. The actuation means may be configurable to allow the filter device to be released from the filter retaining component in the actuated configuration. The actuation means may be actuated, for example, by user operation, such that any filter device is accessible and/or removable. The actuation means may be actuated by user operation such that any filter device is accessible and/or removable from the filter retaining component. Alternatively, actuation of the actuation means may secure the retained filter device.
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Ideally, the retaining means comprises a securing means. The securing means may be operably coupled to the actuation means. The securing means is configurable to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device. The securing means may form part of the actuation means. The securing means may be engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device. Optionally, when the actuation means is in the rest configuration, the securing means may be engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device.
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Ideally, the actuation of the actuation means may disengage the securing means. Optionally, the actuation of the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration may disengage the securing means such that a retained filter device is removable. Actuation of the actuation means may disengage the securing means such that a retained filter device is removable from the filter-retaining component. Actuation of the actuation means may disengage the securing means such that a retained filter device is removable from the hood.
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Ideally, actuation of the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration causes the securing means to move therewith.
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Ideally, the actuation means may form at least part of the retaining means. Optionally, where the retaining means is a retaining clip, the actuation means may be at least one of the projections of the retaining clip. In embodiments where the securing means forms part of the actuation means and wherein the actuation means forms at least part of the retaining means, the securing means may cooperate with another or other parts of the retaining means, typically another or other projections, to releasably retain the filter device. The securing means may be a portion configured to and/or arranged to retain the filter device. The securing means may therefore form part of a retaining portion of a retaining clip. The securing means may, for example, be a protrusion configured to prevent or block the removal of a retained filter device. In embodiments where the actuation means is an actuatable projection forming part of a retaining clip and the actuation means comprises a portion adapted for actuation, the portion adapted for actuation may be located distal to body from which the projection projects. In this embodiment, the securing means may be located between said portion and the body from which the actuatable projection projects.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is in the rest configuration when the retaining means is in the first configuration. In other embodiments, the actuation means may be in the actuated configuration when the retaining means is in the first configuration.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is in the actuated configuration when the retaining means is in the second configuration. In other embodiments, the actuation means may be in the rest configuration when the retaining means is in the first configuration.
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According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a filter-retaining assembly, the filter-retaining assembly comprising at least one filter-retaining component and a filter device, wherein the at least one filter-retaining component comprises:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
- wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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It will be appreciated that the filter-retaining component of the second aspect may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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Ideally, the filter device comprises a filter means. The filter device may comprise a filter rail. The filter rail may be an elongate rail. The filter rail may be formed by extrusion. Optionally, the filter device may be prefabricated. In some embodiments, where the filter device is prefabricated, the filter device comprises the filter rail and the filter means being preassembled. In such a configuration, the prefabricated filter rail may be, for example, readily clipped into retaining means in a single step i.e. without the need to first clip the filter rail into the retaining means, followed by attaching the filter means to the clipped filter rail. Advantageously, this makes it easier for a user to readily replace the filter device to ensure that filtration efficiency is maintained.
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Ideally, the filter device is adapted to be releasably secured to the or each filter-retaining component. For example, the filter device is adapted to be releasably clipped to the or each filter-retaining component. The filter rail may comprise a rail body. The filter rail may comprise a portion or portions adapted for retention by at least one filter-retaining component. The rail body may be an elongate rail body. The rail body may comprise means for retaining the filter means. The rail body may comprise means for retaining a sealing means. The portion or portions adapted for retaining by at least one filter-retaining component may extend from the rail body. Optionally, the, or each, portion adapted for retaining by the at least filter-retaining component may comprise a flange. The rail body may comprise a locating flange element for locating within a locating recess of the retainer clip. The rail body may comprise an urging flange that is adapted for urging the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration.
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According to a third aspect of the invention there is a filter device. It will be appreciated that the filter device of the third aspect may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to any filter device described in any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is a hood for a roof window, the hood for a roof window comprising at least one filter-retaining component for retaining a filter device, wherein the at least one filter-retaining component comprises:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
- wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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It will be appreciated that the filter-retaining component of the fourth aspect of the invention may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to any filter-retaining component described in any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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Ideally, the hood is adapted to be fitted to a roof window frame. The hood may be adapted to cover a gap between a roof window frame and sash.
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Ideally, the hood comprises a middle portion, a first end portion and a second end portion. In some embodiments, the middle portion, the first end portion and the second end portion are formed as a single component. In other embodiments, the first end portion may be a first end cap and the second end portion may be a second end cap. In these embodiments, the end caps may be separate to the middle portion.
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Ideally, each end portion may comprise a respective filter-retaining component. Optionally, each filter-retaining component is formed as part of the respective end portion. In embodiments where each end portion is an end cap, then each filter-retaining component may be formed as part of a respective end cap. In other embodiments, each end portion may comprise a respective filter-retaining component that is fixedly connected to the end portion, for example, by being mechanically fastened to the respective end portion.
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In some embodiments, the at least one filter-retaining component may be fixable to the hood. The at least one filter-retaining component may be releasably fixable to the hood. In these embodiments, the at least one filter-retaining component may be releasably fixable to the hood via operation of the actuation means. Alternatively, the at least one filter-retaining component may be releasably fixable to the hood using mechanical fasteners The at least one filter-retaining component may be adhered to the hood using adhesive means.
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Ideally, the retaining means may comprise a retainer. The retainer may be a retaining clip. The retaining clip may be formed from at least one projection adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may be formed from at least two projections adapted for retaining the filter device or may even be formed from at least three projections adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise at least one projection adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise at least two projections adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise at least three projections adapted for retaining the filter device. Thus, the retaining clip may comprise a plurality of projections adapted for retaining the filter device. The retaining clip may comprise a body The projections may project from a body of the retaining clip. Where two or more projections are present, some of, or each, projection may be configured to cooperate with another or other projections to retain the filter device. Each projection may have a portion, or portions, and this portion or these portions may be configured to and/or arranged to retain the filter device. The portion or portions may be located distal to the body from which these projections project. The portion or portions of the or each projection may collectively form a retaining portion.
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Ideally, the actuation means is biased towards the rest configuration. The actuation means may be resiliently biased towards the rest configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means is operable to releasably retain the filter device. In some embodiments, the actuation means may be coupled to the retaining means. The actuation means may be operably coupled to the retaining means. The actuation means may be coupled, or more preferably, operably coupled to a part of the retaining means. Alternatively, the actuation means may form at least part of the retaining means. Each of the above arrangements are advantageous, as the actuation means may be operable to releasably retain the filter device, thereby enabling easy removal and replacement of the filter device, thus ensuring that the filter function of any device incorporating the present invention is filtering air efficiently and effectively.
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In preferred embodiments, the rest configuration of the actuation means is a filter-retaining configuration. Alternatively, the rest configuration of the actuation means is a filter-releasing configuration.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuated configuration of the actuation means is a filter-releasing configuration. Alternatively, the actuated configuration of the actuation means is a filter-retaining configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means is configured to be actuatable when the filter device is retained by the or each filter retaining component. The actuation means may comprise a portion adapted for actuation. The portion adapted for actuation may be adapted for actuation by force. For example, the portion may be adapted for pushing, pressing, pulling, sliding or the like. The portion may also be adapted for actuation when the filter device is retained by the or each filter retaining component. In embodiments where the actuation means forms part of the retaining means, the actuation means comprising a portion adapted for actuation may be particularly advantageous, as it enables a user to access the portion adapted for actuation. That is, it is not obscured or inaccessible to a user by a filter device retained by the or each filter-retaining component.
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Ideally, the actuation means is actuatable from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by force. The actuation means may be actuated from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by user operation, for example, actuation by use of the hand of a user. When actuated by hand, the actuation means may be actuated, for example, by pushing the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration or by urging the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means is configured to revert back to the rest configuration upon removal of the actuating force.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is configurable to secure the filter device in the rest configuration. The actuation means may be configurable to secure the filter device in the hood. Alternatively, the rest configuration may be one where a retained filter device is removable.
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Alternatively, the rest configuration may be one where a retained filter device is removable.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is configurable to allow the filter device to be released in the actuated configuration. The actuation means may be configurable to allow the filter device to be released from the filter retaining component in the actuated configuration The actuation means may be actuated, for example, by user operation, such that any filter device is accessible and/or removable. The actuation means may be actuated by user operation such that any filter device is accessible and/or removable from the filter retaining component. The actuation means may actuated by user operation such that any filter device is accessible and/or removable from the hood. Alternatively, actuation of the actuation means may secure the retained filter device.
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Ideally, the retaining means comprises a securing means. The securing means may be operably coupled to the actuation means. The securing means may form part of the actuation means. The securing means may be engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device. The securing means may comprise a ramp portion. The securing means may comprise an abutment portion for abutting with the urging flange of the filter device, and more particularly, the filter rail of the filter device. Optionally, when the actuation means is in the rest configuration, the securing means may be engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device. That is, the securing means may be configured to prevent and/or block the removal of retained filter device when the actuation means is in the rest configuration. The securing means may be configured to lock the retained filter device within the retaining means.
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Ideally, the actuation of the actuation means may disengage the securing means. Optionally, the actuation of the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration may disengage the securing means such that a retained filter device is removable. Actuation of the actuation means may disengage the securing means such that a retained filter device is removable from the filter-retaining component. Actuation of the actuation means may disengage the securing means such that a retained filter device is removable from the hood.
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Ideally, actuation of the actuation means from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration causes the securing means to move therewith.
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Ideally, the actuation means may form at least part of the retaining means. Optionally, where the retaining means is a retaining clip, the actuation means may be at least one of the projections of the retaining clip. In embodiments where the securing means forms part of the actuation means and wherein the actuation means forms part of the retaining means, the securing means may cooperate with another or other parts of the retaining means, typically another or other projections, to releasably retain the filter device. The securing means may be a portion configured to and/or arranged to retain the filter device. The securing means may therefore form part of a retaining portion of a retaining clip. The securing means may, for example, be a protrusion configured to prevent or block the removal of a retained filter device. In embodiments where the actuation means is an actuatable projection forming part of a retaining clip and the actuation means comprises a portion adapted for actuation, the portion adapted for actuation may be located distal to body from which the projection projects. In this embodiment, the securing means may be located between said portion and the body from which the actuatable projection projects.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is in the rest configuration when the retaining means is in the first configuration. In other embodiments, the actuation means may be in the actuated configuration when the retaining means is in the first configuration.
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In preferred embodiments, the actuation means is in the actuated configuration when the retaining means is in the second configuration. In other embodiments, the actuation means may be in the rest configuration when the retaining means is in the first configuration.
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Ideally, the actuation means may be actuatable for releasing the filter device from the hood.
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Ideally, the first configuration of the retaining means may be a first configuration for retaining the filter device in the hood.
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Ideally, the first configuration may be a first configuration for retention of the filter device by the retaining means.
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Preferably, the second configuration may be a second configuration for releasing the filter device from the hood.
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Ideally, the second configuration may be a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device from the retaining means.
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According to a fifth aspect of the invention there is a hood for a roof window, the hood for a roof window comprising a filter-retaining assembly, wherein the filter-retaining assembly comprises:
- at least one filter-retaining component; and
- a filter device;
- wherein the at least one filter-retaining component comprises:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
- wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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It will be appreciated that the hood and the filter-retaining assembly of the fifth aspect of the invention, including the filter-retaining component and filter device of the filter-retaining assembly, may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to any hood or filter-retaining assembly as described in any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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Ideally, the filter device is configured to extend from one end portion of the hood to another end portion of the hood. Beneficially, this ensures that the filter device prevents insects from travelling through a ventilation passage within the hood.
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According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is a roof window, the roof window comprising a hood, the hood comprising at least one filter-retaining component for retaining a filter device, wherein the at least one filter-retaining component comprises:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
- wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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It will be appreciated that the hood, including the at least one filter-retaining component of the hood, may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to hood or filter-retaining component as described in any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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Ideally, the roof window comprises a frame and a sash that is pivotally connected to the frame.
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Preferably, the frame comprises a top member and a bottom member which are spaced apart and parallel to one another, and side members, also spaced apart and arranged parallel to one another, and wherein the side members extend between the top and bottom member.
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Ideally, the sash comprises a top member and a bottom member which are spaced apart and parallel to one another, and side members, also spaced apart and arranged parallel to one another, and wherein the side members extend between the top and bottom member.
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Preferably, the roof window comprises frame cover members that are fitted to the frame and cover at least part of the frame side members and sash side members when the sash is in a closed position.
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Ideally, part of the frame cover members are positioned between the hood and the frame.
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Preferably, the roof window comprises one or more hood-fixing members disposed on the frame for engaging with the hood to, most preferably releasably, fix the hood to the roof window frame.
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Ideally, the hood is located extending over the frame top member and the sash top member when the sash is in a closed position. Ideally, the hood extends between the frame side members. Ideally, the sash has a glazing which extends between the top, bottom and side members of the sash. Ideally, a gap is present between the sash glazing at the hood to allow ventilation.
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Ideally, the filter means is configured to filter airflow through the gap present between the sash glazing and the hood to allow ventilation.
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Ideally, the actuation means of the or each filter-retaining component is accessible and actuatable when the sash is in an open position to releasably retain the filter device. The actuation means is even accessible and actuatable when a filter device is retained by the retaining means. Beneficially, this enables a user to readily access and replace the filter device when the sash is in an open position.
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According to a seventh aspect of the invention there is a roof window, the roof window comprising a hood, the hood comprising a filter-retaining assembly, wherein the filter-retaining assembly comprises:
- at least one filter-retaining component; and
- a filter device;
- wherein the at least one filter-retaining component comprises:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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It will be appreciated that the roof window, hood and filter-retaining assembly, including the at least one filter-retaining component and filter device of the filter-retaining assembly, may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to any roof window, hood and filter-retaining assembly as described in any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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According to an eight aspect of the invention there is an end cap for a hood of a roof window, the end cap comprising a filter-retaining component for releasably retaining a filter device, the filter-retaining component comprising:
- retaining means for releasably retaining the filter device, wherein the retaining means has a first configuration for retaining the filter device, and a second configuration for releasing a retained filter device; and
- actuation means, said actuation means being actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration;
- wherein the actuation means is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means.
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It will be appreciated that the end cap, including the filter-retaining component thereof, may comprise any of the preferable, advantageous or optional features, components, arrangements, steps or details as described in relation to an end cap or filter-retaining component as described in any preceding aspect of the invention, and vice versa.
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The end cap may be a modular end cap. The modular end cap may comprise a first end cap component and a second end cap component. The first end cap component may be an inner end cap component, and the second end cap component may be an outer end cap component. At least one of the first end cap component or the second end cap component may comprise the filter-retaining component. The inner end cap component may comprise the at least one filter-retaining component.
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The end cap may be a unitarily formed end cap.
The end cap may be configured to be fixed to a part of a frame of a roof window.BRIEF
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the exterior of a prior art roof window with a known hood.
- Figure 2 is a partial exploded perspective view of a hood for a roof window according to aspects of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a partial perspective view of a roof window according to aspects of the present invention.
- Figures 4 to 6 are sectional side views of a hood for a roof window and a filter device according to aspects of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.
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The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the invention.
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It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
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Referring now to Figure 2 and 3, there is shown a partial exploded perspective view of a hood, generally indicated by reference numeral 100, for a roof window 200. The hood 100 is adapted to be fitted to a roof window frame 202. The hood 100 is adapted to cover a gap between a roof window frame 102 and sash (not shown). The hood 100 comprises a middle portion 104, a first end portion 106 and a second end portion (not shown). In some embodiments, the middle portion 104, the first end portion 106 and the second end portion are formed as a single component. In other embodiments, the first end portion 106 may be a first end cap 106 and the second end portion may be a second end cap. In these embodiments, the end caps may be separate to the middle portion 104. The end portion shown 106 has a filter-retaining component 108. The filter-retaining component 108 is formed as part of the respective end portion. The end portion 106 having a filter-retaining component 108 may for example be formed as a end portion 106 that is moulded, for example, by injection moulding. The filter-retaining component 108 need not necessarily be formed as part of the end portion 106 by moulding, and may be, for example a separate filter-retaining component 108 that is fastened to (e.g. mechanically fastened) to the end portion 106. In embodiments where each end portion is an end cap, then each filter-retaining component 108 can be formed as part of a respective end cap. It will be readily appreciated by the skilled person, however, that the filter-retaining component 108 need not be restricted to the end portions and there may be a further filter-retaining component or components locatable in the middle portion 104, or alternatively, solely locatable in the middle portion 104.
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The hood 100 for a roof window 200 has at least one filter-retaining component 108 for retaining a filter device (one shown). There is also provided a filter device 110. The filter device 110 and the at least one filter-retaining component 108 may be assembled to form a filter-retaining assembly.
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The at least one filter-retaining component 108 releasably retains the filter device 110. The filter-retaining component 108 comprises retaining means 112 for releasably retaining the filter device 110, wherein the retaining means 112 has a first configuration for retaining the filter device 110, and a second configuration for releasing a filter device 110. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the first configuration of the retaining means is a configuration for retention of the filter device by the retaining means and the second configuration is a configuration for releasing a filter device 110 retained by the filter-retaining component 108. It will be appreciated however, that, in other examples where the filter device 110 is already located within or fixed to the or each filter retaining component, the second configuration of the retaining means may instead be a configuration for releasably retaining the filter device 110 from the hood 100. In these examples, where the filter device 110 is located within or attached to the or each filter-retaining component 108, this second configuration releases the filter device therewith. In these examples, the, or each, filter-retaining component 108 is releasably fixable to the hood 100.
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The retaining means 112 may be, for example, a retaining clip 112, as shown in Figure 2. The retaining clip 112 comprises three projections 114a, 114b, 114c in the non-limiting embodiment shown in Figure 2, wherein each projection 114a, 114b, 114c is adapted for retaining the filter device 110. It will be readily appreciated that other configurations, such as retaining clip 112 having two projections may be suitably used. In other examples, the retaining means 112 may, for example, be a retainer device suitable for housing the filter device 110 therein and/or fixing the filter device 110 thereto.
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The projections 114a, 114b, 114c project from a body 116 of the retaining clip 112. The projections 114a, 114b, 114c project from the body 116 of the retaining clip 112. More particularly, the projections 114a, 114b, 114c project from a first face 115a of the body 116 of the retaining clip 112. That is, the body 116 has a first body face 115a. The body 116 also has a second body face 115b. No projections adapted for retaining the filter device project from the second body face 115b as shown. In use, the first body face 115a faces towards the inside of the building, whereas the second face 115b faces towards the exterior of the building; thus, the first face 115a may be referred to as a front, or inner, face 115a, and the second face 115b may be referred to as an outer, or back, face 115b. Each projection 114a, 114b, 114c extends wholly or partly in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to a plane defined by the first body face 115a. In use, each projection 114a, 114b, 114c, extends wholly or partly in the direction towards the inside of the building. Each projection 114a, 114b, 114c extends away from the body 116 in a depth direction D. By "depth direction", we mean a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the frame plane defined by the frame of the roof window. Each projection 114a, 114b, 114c has a respective projection depth. Each projection 114, 114b, 114c also extends in a second direction that is perpendicular to the depth direction. The second direction may be defined as the direction between the frame side members of the frame. In the non-limiting example of the embodiment shown in Figure 2, each projection 114a, 114b, 114c is configured to cooperate with the other projections 114a, 114b, 114c to retain the filter device 110. In particular, each projection 114a, 114b, 114c has a portion, or portions 118, and this portion or these portions 118 are configured to and/or arranged to retain the filter device 110. More specifically, the bottom projection 114a has two portions 118a, 118b that are configured to and arranged to retain the filter device 110 by receiving a part thereof between said projections. The middle projection 114b has an abutting portion 118c, that is arranged to retain the filter device 110. The upper projection 114c has a securing means 118d in the form of a securing portion 118d. In the non-limiting example of the embodiment shown, the securing means 118d is formed as part of the upper projection 114c. The securing portion 118d may be engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device. Some of the portions shown are located distal to the body 116 from which these projections 114a, 114b, 114c project. The portion or portions 118 of each projection collectively form a retaining portion 118. The upper projection 118d and the middle projection 114b define a jaw portion 117 for clamping at least part of the filter device 110 therebetween.
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In the non-limiting example shown in Figure 2, the at least one filter-retaining component 108 comprises an actuation means, wherein the actuation means is upper projection 114c, said upper projection 114c being an actuatable projection 114, wherein the upper projection 114c is actuatable from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration, and wherein the upper projection 114c is operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means 112. Thus the jaw portion 117 is an actuatable jaw portion 117. It will be appreciated by the skilled person, however, that the actuation means need not be restricted to an actuatable projection 114c as shown in Figure 2, with other implementations such as buttons, triggers, knobs or the like being suitable for use as actuation means operable to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means 112.
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The upper projection 114c is actuatable from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by force. In the example shown, the upper projection 114c may be actuated from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration by user operation, for example, actuation by use of the hand of a user. When actuated by hand, the upper projection 114c may be actuated, for example, by pushing, urging, pulling, pressing or the like from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration.
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In the non-limiting example shown in Figure 2, the upper projection 114c forms part of the retaining means 112. In particular, the upper projection 114c shown in the non-limiting example of the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is the upper projection 114c of retaining clip 112 and it may therefore be also referred to as an actuatable projection 114c. The upper projection 114c is biased towards the rest configuration as shown in Figure 2, and in particular, resiliently biased towards this configuration. The upper projection 114c is resiliently biased by forming the upper projection 114c from an elastically deformable material, such as a suitable elastically deformable plastic or metal for example. Beneficially, this enables the upper projection 114c to be deformed so that a retained filter device may be released and therefore removed from the retaining means 112.
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The actuation means 114c is operable to releasably retain the filter device 110. In the embodiment shown, the rest configuration of the actuation means 114c is a filter-retaining configuration. The actuated configuration of the actuation means 114c is a filter-releasing configuration. The actuation means 114c has a portion adapted for actuation 120. The portion 120 adapted for actuation is adapted for actuation by force. For example, this portion 120 may be adapted for pushing, pressing, pulling, urging or the like. However, it will be readily appreciated that other actuation mechanisms may be used, such as electrical actuation for example. For example, in embodiments where the actuation means does not form part of the retaining means 112 i.e. it is a remote actuation means, electrical actuation or mechanical actuation may be used to cause a change in configuration of the retaining means between the first and second configuration, wherein the retaining means 112 is operably coupled to the remote actuation means.
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The portion 120 adapted for actuation is also adapted for actuation when the filter device 110 is retained by the retaining means, as best shown in Figure 3. In embodiments where the actuation means 114c forms part of the retaining means 112, as shown in Figure 2, the actuation means 114c having a portion 120 adapted for actuation, and in particular being adapted for actuation when a filter device 110 is retained, is advantageous, as it enables a user to access the portion 120 adapted for actuation. That is, it is not obscured or inaccessible to a user by a filter device 110 retained within the hood 100.
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The actuation means 114c is configured to revert back to the rest configuration upon removal of the actuating force. In the non-limiting embodiment shown in Figure 2, after removing the actuating force e.g. removing the hand of a user that is pushing, pressing, pulling or urging the actuation means 114c from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration, the actuation means 114c reverts back to the rest configuration.
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In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the actuation means 114c is configured to secure the filter device 110 in the rest configuration. When the actuation means 114c is in the rest configuration, the securing means 118d is engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device. Alternatively, the rest configuration may be one where a retained filter device 110 is removable.
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In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the actuation means 114c is configured to allow the filter device 110 to be released from the filter-retaining component 108 in the actuated configuration. The actuation means 114c may be actuated, for example, by user operation as described above, such that any filter device 110 is accessible and/or removable from the filter-retaining component. The actuation of the actuation means 114c from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration disengages the securing means 118d such that a retained filter device is removable from the filter-retaining component. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, actuation of the actuation means 114c from the rest configuration to the actuated configuration causes the securing means 118d to move therewith, such that a retained filter device is no longer retained i.e. released, and is removable from the retaining means 112. Alternatively, actuation of the actuation means 114c may secure the retained filter device. In alternative embodiments, the actuation means 114c may be operable to release the or each filter-retaining component 108 from the hood 100. For example, the actuation means 114c may be operably coupled to the securing means 118d e.g. via a spring. In these embodiments, the securing means 118d is engageable, for example with a part of the hood 100, to prevent or block the removal of the or each filter retaining component 108 from the hood 100. Actuation of the actuation means 114c may cause the securing means 118d to move therewith so as to disengage the securing means 118d and cause the release of the or each filter-retaining component 108 from the hood 100. The securing means may, in this example, comprise a protrusion or protrusions for engaging with the hood 100. In these embodiments, the actuation means may comprise, for example, an actuator operably coupled to a respective securing means, or, alternatively, an actuator operably coupled to each securing means. In these embodiments wherein the filter device 110 is located within or attached to the or each filter-retaining component 108, the retaining means 112 is suitable for releasably retaining the filter device 110, and more specifically releasably retaining the filter device 110 in the hood 100, as, in the first configuration, the retaining means 112, via the engagement of the securing means 118d of the retaining means 112, is retained in the hood 100 and in the second configuration, the disengagement of the securing means 118d causes the release of the filter device 110 from the hood.
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In Figure 2, there is shown an embodiment of the filter device 110. The filter device has a filter means 122, such as porous felt or foam for example. In the non-limiting example shown, the filter device 110 also has a filter rail 124. The filter rail 124 is an elongate rail 124. The filter rail 124 is formed by extrusion, and is made from a metal, such as aluminium for example. The elongate rail 124 need not need be made from metal, however, and could be formed from other material such as plastics for example. In other embodiments, the filter device 110 may instead comprise the filter means 122 alone.
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The filter device 110 shown is prefabricated. In the embodiment shown, where the filter device 110 is prefabricated, the filter device 110 comprises the filter rail 124 and the filter means 122 being preassembled. In such a configuration, the prefabricated filter rail 110 is, for example, readily clipped into retaining means 112 in a single step i.e. without the need to first clip the filter rail 124 into the retaining means 112, followed by attaching the filter means 122 to the clipped filter rail 122. In use, this makes it easier for a user to readily replace the filter device to ensure that filtration efficiency is maintained.
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The filter device 110 is adapted to be releasably secured to the or each filter-retaining component 108. For example, the filter device 110 is adapted to be releasably clipped to the or each filter-retaining component 108. The filter rail 124 has a rail body 126, in particular an elongate rail body 126. The filter rail 124 may comprise a portion or portions 128 adapted for retaining, and more particularly, clamping by the at least one filter-retaining component 108. In the non-limiting example of the embodiment shown, the portion 128 adapted for retaining, and more particularly, clamping by the at least one filter-retaining component 108 is a flange 128; however, it will be readily appreciated by the skilled person that the portion 128 adapted for retaining by the at least one filter-retaining component 108 need not be restricted to a flange 128. The flange 128 extends from the rail body 126 and extends along the longitudinal axis of the rail body 126. In use, in the filter retaining assembly, the flange 128 extends upwardly from the rail body 126, such that it is blockable by the securing means 118d of the actuation means 114c when a filter device 110 is retained by the retaining means 112, thereby ensuring that the filter device 110 is not removable and is retained by the retaining means 110. It will be readily appreciated by the skilled person however, that the flange 128 need not necessarily be a single flange 128 extending longitudinally across the entire length of the rail body 126. Instead of a single flange 128, for example, there could instead be two or more interspaced flanges across the longitudinal length of the elongate body 126 adapted for retaining by a corresponding at least one filter-retaining component 108 located within the hood 100 of the roof window 200.
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The rail body 126 has means for retaining the filter means 122. The means for retaining the filter means, may be for example, any suitable means such as one or more retaining pips for retaining the filter means 122 that are located on or within the rail body 126.
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The rail body 126 has means for retaining a sealing means 130. The sealing means 132 may, for example, be a seal 132 as shown in Figure 2. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the means for retaining a sealing means 130 comprises a recess 130 adapted to receive a protrusion 134 locatable on a sealing means 132. The protrusion 134 is an elongated protrusion 134 in the non-limiting example of the embodiment shown. The recess 130 extends along the longitudinal axis of the elongate rail body 126. The sealing means 132 may be secured by the recess 130 adapted to receive a protrusion 134 locatable on a sealing means 132, for example, by pushing the sealing means 132 into the recess 130 via the protrusion 134 such that the protrusion 134 is secured within the recess 132.
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Now generally referring to Figure 3, there is shown a partial perspective view of a roof window 200 according to aspects of the present invention. The roof window 200 has the hood 100 for a roof window as discussed in relation to Figure 2.
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The actuation means 114c of the or each filter-retaining component 108 (one shown) is accessible and actuatable when the sash (not shown) is in an open position to releasably retain the filter device 110. The actuation means 114c is even accessible and actuatable when a filter device 110 is retained by the retaining means 112. In use, this enables a user to readily access and replace the filter device 110 when the sash is in an open position.
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The roof window 200 has a frame 202 and a sash (not shown) that is pivotally connected to the frame 202. The frame 202 has a top member 204 and a bottom member (not shown) which are spaced apart and parallel to one another, and side members (one shown), also spaced apart and arranged parallel to one another, and wherein the side members extend between the top member 204 and bottom member.
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The hood 100 is located extending over the frame top member 204 and the sash top member when the sash is in a closed position. The hood 100 extends between the frame side members. The sash has a glazing which extends between the top, bottom and side members of the sash. A gap is present between the sash glazing at the hood to allow ventilation. The filter 110 is configured to filter the airflow through the gap present between the sash glazing at the hood 100. The filter 110 also helps to block insects from entering the internal space of the building via the gap present between the sash glazing at the hood 100.
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Now referring generally to Figures 4 to 6, there is illustrated the insertion of the filter device 110 into the filter-retaining component 108, and in particular to the retaining portion 118 of the filter-retaining component 108. In Figure 4, there is shown a filter-retaining component 108, and a filter device 110. The filter device has a filter means 122 integrated therein.
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In Figure 5, the filter device 110 is shown as being partially inserted into the retaining portion 118 of the filter retaining component 108. As best illustrated in Figure 5, the bottom projection 114a has two portions 118a, 118b that are configured to and arranged to retain the filter device 110 by receiving a part thereof between said portions 118a, 118b. The portions 118a, 118b project from a surface of the bottom projection 114a. The portions 118a, 118b are spaced apart from each other along the depth direction of the bottom projection 114a so as to define a recess 119 therebetween in which a flange element 129 of the filter device 110 can be positioned. For visual clarity, the lines used to draw the filter means 122 in both Figure 5 and Figure 6 have been lightened in colour so as to more clearly show how the filter device 110 is inserted into the filter-retaining component 108. In more detail, in the example shown in Figure 5, the user may actuate the elastically deformable upper projection 114c via insertion of the filter device 110 into the retaining portion 118. The user can position part of the filter device 110 in the form of a locating flange element 129 as shown. The locating flange element 129 has a first flange portion 129a which extends, in use, in a downwardly direction. As can be observed, the first flange portion 129a of the locating flange element also extends in a mutually opposed direction relative to the direction of extension of the flange 128 that it is blockable by the securing portion 118d of the upper projection 114c when a filter device 110 is retained by the retaining means 112. Furthermore, the locating flange element 129 has a second flange portion 129b that extends from a surface of the first flange portion 129a. The surface from which the second flange portion 129b extends is, in use, an inward-facing surface (i.e. facing inwards into the building). The second flange portion 129b as shown extends perpendicularly from the first flange portion 129a, and more particularly, extends perpendicularly from the inward-facing surface of the first flange portion 129a in the depth direction. The second flange portion 129b has a projection depth that substantially corresponds to the depth of the recess 119 defined between the two portions 118a, 118b.
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As shown, to retain the filter device 110 within the retaining clip 112, the user may initially locate a part of the locating flange element 129 within the recess defined 119 between the two portions 118a, 118b of the bottom projection 114a such that at least part of the locating flange element 129 is in engagement therewith, and more particularly, the second flange portion 129b. The second flange portion is in engagement with a portion 118b of the two portions 118b. The portion 118b functions as an end wall portion 118b that permits the filter device 110 to rotate in a pivot-like manner as the filter device 110 is urged along the ramp portion 131, and more particularly, as it is urged along the ramp portion 131 from an upper ramp end 131a to a lower ramp end 131b, as will be described. In this position, the filter device 110 may be arranged obliquely relative to the frame plane defined by the frame of the roof window. Furthermore, in this position, the flange 128 of the filter rail is engagement with and/or abutting with a first end 131a of an ramp portion 131 of the securing portion 118d. From this position, the user may actuate the elastically deformable upper projection 114c by urging the flange 128 along the ramp portion 131 towards the second end 131b of the inclined portion 131 of the securing portion 118d. The second end 131b is a lower end 131b of the inclined portion 131, and the first end 131a is an upper end 131a of the inclined portion 131. As the flange 128 is forced along the ramp 131 from an upper end 131a to a lower end 131b, the elastically deformable upper projection 114c is actuated from a rest configuration to an actuated configuration. As the flange 128 is urged along the ramp 131 from an upper end 131a to a lower end 131b the deforming force (i.e. the actuation force) applied increases as it moves towards the lower end 131b. The filter device 110 may then be secured in position by forcing the flange 128 of the filter device 110 beyond the lower end 131b of the ramp portion 131 such that elastically deformable upper projection 118d reverts back to a rest configuration, wherein the flange 128 is secured by the retaining clip 112, the retaining clip 112 being in the filter-retaining configuration as shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6, there is shown the filter device 110 being retained by the retaining portion 118 of the filter-retaining component 108. In particular, the filter device 110 is supported by the bottom projection 114a. The middle projection 114b has an abutting portion 118c, that is arranged to retain the filter device 110. The upper projection 114c has a securing means 118d in the form of a securing portion 118d. The securing portion 118d is engaged to prevent and/or block the removal of a retained filter device 110. The actuation means 114c of the filter-retaining component 108 as shown is accessible and actuatable when the sash (not shown) is in an open position to releasably retain the filter device 110. The actuation means 114c is even accessible and actuatable when the filter device 110 is retained by the retaining means 112. In use, this enables a user to readily access and replace the filter device 110 when the sash is in an open position.
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The skilled person will appreciate that all preferred or optional features of the invention described with reference to only some aspects or embodiments of the invention may be applied to all aspects of the invention.
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It will be appreciated that optional features applicable to one aspect of the invention can be used in any combination, and in any number. Moreover, they can also be used with any of the other aspects of the invention in any combination and in any number. This includes, but is not limited to, the dependent claims from any claim being used as dependent claims for any other claim in the claims of this application.
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In relation to the detailed description of the different embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that one or more technical features of one embodiment can be used in combination with one or more technical features of any other embodiment where the transferred use of the one or more technical features would be immediately apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art to carry out a similar function in a similar way on the other embodiment.
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The features disclosed in the foregoing description or the following drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing a disclosed function, or a method or a process of attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may separately, or in any combination of such features be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.