EP4695627A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems, lidar-system, fahrerassistenzsystem und fahrzeug - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems, lidar-system, fahrerassistenzsystem und fahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4695627A1 EP4695627A1 EP24717692.8A EP24717692A EP4695627A1 EP 4695627 A1 EP4695627 A1 EP 4695627A1 EP 24717692 A EP24717692 A EP 24717692A EP 4695627 A1 EP4695627 A1 EP 4695627A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- receiving
- lidar system
- reception
- group
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a LiDAR system, in particular a LiDAR system of a vehicle, in which at least one optical scanning beam is generated with at least one transmitting device of the LiDAR system, the at least one scanning beam is sent into a monitoring area of the LiDAR system, at least one individual image is generated which characterizes a scene in the monitoring area with respect to at least one monitoring variable in at least one spatial dimension, wherein, in order to generate at least one individual image, output variables of at least two electro-optical receiving elements of a receiving field of a receiving device of the LiDAR system, which has a plurality of receiving elements, are recorded.
- the invention relates to a LiDAR system, in particular a LiDAR system for a vehicle, with at least one transmitting device for transmitting optical scanning beams into a monitoring area, at least one receiving device for receiving optical beams and outputting corresponding output variables and at least one control and evaluation device for controlling the at least one transmitting device and the at least one receiving device and for processing output variables output by the at least one receiving device.
- a LiDAR system in particular a LiDAR system for a vehicle, with at least one transmitting device for transmitting optical scanning beams into a monitoring area, at least one receiving device for receiving optical beams and outputting corresponding output variables and at least one control and evaluation device for controlling the at least one transmitting device and the at least one receiving device and for processing output variables output by the at least one receiving device.
- the invention relates to a driver assistance system with at least one LiDAR system, in particular at least one LiDAR system for a vehicle, wherein the at least one LiDAR system has at least one transmitting device for transmitting optical scanning beams, at least one receiving device for receiving optical beams and outputting corresponding output variables and at least one control and evaluation device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with at least one LiDAR system, wherein the at least one LiDAR system has at least one transmitting device for transmitting optical scanning beams, at least one receiving device for receiving optical beams and outputting corresponding output variables and at least one control and evaluation device.
- a device which comprises one or more image sensors connected to a vehicle and at least one processor.
- the at least one processor can be configured to capture multiple frames of an image of a scene in abrupt succession using the one or more image sensors, the multiple frames each having a relative offset of the image across the multiple frames, and to perform super-resolution calculations using the captured multiple frames of the image of the scene.
- the at least one processor can also be configured to accumulate color planes based on the super-resolution calculations and to combine the accumulated color planes using the one or more processors to generate a super-resolution image of the scene.
- the invention is based on the object of designing a method, a LiDAR system, a driver assistance system and a vehicle of the type mentioned at the outset, in which a performance of the LiDAR system, in particular the performance in terms of angular resolution, range and/or update speed, can be improved.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in the method in that at least one reception group is formed to generate at least one individual image, to which at least two of the reception elements are assigned, wherein the at least one reception group is defined by a predefinable imaginary group frame which surrounds a specific arrangement of reception elements of the reception field and which is displaceable along the reception field, at least a portion of the output variables of at least a portion of the receiving elements belonging to the same receiving group are combined to form corresponding group output variables, wherein the method generates at least two individual images, between the generation of which the group frame for the at least one receiving group is shifted by a predetermined shift vector along the receiving field.
- At least two receiving elements of a receiving field which has a large number of receiving elements, are combined to form a receiving group.
- the receiving group is defined by a predefinable imaginary group frame.
- the group frame surrounds a specific arrangement of receiving elements.
- the arrangement of the receiving elements can be determined by the total number of receiving elements, the number of columns and the number of rows in which the receiving elements are arranged in the receiving group.
- the imaginary group frame can be moved along the receiving field. In this way, the composition of the receiving group can be changed by moving the imaginary group frame.
- At least part of the output size of at least part of the receiving elements that belong to the same receiving group are combined to form corresponding group output sizes.
- the radiation that is detected by the receiving group can be better resolved quantitatively.
- the amount of radiation received, in particular the received light power can thus be determined precisely.
- the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved in this way.
- differences in the sensitivity of the individual receiving elements, in particular a failure of individual receiving elements can be compensated for within the receiving group.
- At least two individual images are generated, between which the group frame is shifted by a predetermined shift vector along the reception field.
- a different composition of the reception group is used for each individual image.
- a spatial resolution of radiation received by the reception device can be achieved via the position of the respective reception group on the Reception field can be improved and/or a signal-to-noise ratio with regard to the overall output variables can be improved and/or differences in the sensitivity of the individual reception elements can be better compensated.
- the invention makes it possible to improve the angular resolution of LiDAR measurements without having to reduce the update rate of the receiving device when detecting the surveillance area or the range of the LiDAR system. It is not necessary to increase the power of the scanning beams in order to achieve the improvement in angular resolution. This means that, if necessary, limit values for eye safety can be complied with in relation to the emitted scanning beams.
- At least one output variable can be detected in the form of an electrical variable, in particular a voltage.
- at least one output variable can be detected in the form of a value, in particular a digital value.
- At least a portion of the output variables of at least a portion of receiving elements belonging to the same receiving group are combined to form corresponding group output variables.
- the combining can advantageously be carried out by means of cumulation, averaging, statistical processing or the like.
- the receiving elements can also be referred to as pixels, in particular micropixels. Accordingly, the receiving groups can be referred to as “macropixels”.
- the reception centers of the reception elements can advantageously be arranged on an imaginary reception field area, in particular a reception field plane.
- the reception field area can advantageously be a reception field plane.
- the reception elements can be arranged in a defined manner.
- the reception field area, in particular reception field plane can advantageously be spanned by two imaginary, in particular orthogonal, reception field axes. In this way, the reception field area can be easily defined.
- at least some of the receiving elements can be arranged along a line that runs parallel to at least one imaginary receiving field axis. In this way, at least some of the receiving elements can be arranged in a line.
- at least some of the receiving elements can be arranged in an imaginary grid that is defined by imaginary orthogonal receiving field axes. In this way, the receiving elements can be arranged in rows and columns.
- the LiDAR system can be arranged in a ready-to-use installation situation so that the reception field is aligned so that imaginary lines in the monitoring area that run parallel to the spatial horizontal are imaged with spatial resolution in the direction of one of the reception field axes. In this way, the LiDAR system can be used to monitor the monitoring area horizontally with spatial resolution.
- the LiDAR system can advantageously be arranged in an operational installation situation so that the reception field is aligned so that imaginary lines in the monitoring area that run parallel to the spatial vertical are imaged with spatial resolution in the direction of one of the reception field axes. In this way, the LiDAR system can be used to monitor the monitoring area with vertical spatial resolution.
- the LiDAR system can be arranged in a ready-to-use installation situation in a vehicle in such a way that the reception field is aligned in such a way that imaginary lines in the monitoring area that run parallel to a vehicle plane that is spanned by a vehicle longitudinal axis and a vehicle transverse axis are imaged in a spatially resolved manner in the direction of one of the reception field axes.
- the LiDAR system can be used to monitor the monitoring area horizontally and spatially resolved in a normal operating situation of the vehicle in which the vehicle plane runs spatially horizontally.
- the LiDAR system can advantageously be arranged in a ready-to-use installation situation in a vehicle so that the receiver reception field is aligned in such a way that imaginary lines in the monitoring area that run parallel to the vehicle's vertical axis are imaged in a spatially resolved manner in the direction of one of the reception field axes.
- the LiDAR system can be used to monitor the monitoring area with vertical spatial resolution in a normal operating situation of the vehicle in which the vehicle's vertical axis runs spatially vertically.
- the vehicle transverse axis, the vehicle vertical axis and the vehicle longitudinal axis can run perpendicular to each other. In this way, an orthogonal vehicle reference system can be formed.
- the LiDAR system can advantageously be designed as a scanning system.
- the monitoring area can be scanned using scanning beams.
- the direction of propagation of the scanning beams, in particular scanning signals can be swung across the monitoring area.
- At least one signal deflection device in particular a scanning device, a deflection mirror device or the like, can be used.
- the LiDAR system can advantageously be designed as a laser-based distance measuring system.
- Laser-based distance measuring systems can have lasers, in particular diode lasers, as signal sources. Lasers can be used to send pulsed laser beams as scanning beams. Lasers can be used to emit scanning beams in wavelength ranges that are visible or invisible to the human eye.
- the receiving device of the LiDAR system can have or consist of detectors designed for the wavelength of the emitted scanning beams, in particular point sensors, line sensors and/or area sensors, in particular (avalanche) photodiodes, photodiode row(s), a photodiode matrix, CCD sensors, active pixel sensors, in particular CMOS sensors or the like.
- Laser-based distance measuring systems can advantageously be designed as laser scanners.
- Laser scanners can be used to scan monitoring areas with pulsed laser beams, in particular laser signals.
- the invention can advantageously be used in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles.
- the invention can advantageously be used in land vehicles, in particular passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, drones, mobile robots or the like, aircraft, in particular flying drones, and/or watercraft, in particular (underwater) drones.
- the invention can also be used in vehicles that can be operated autonomously or at least partially autonomously.
- the invention is not limited to vehicles. It can also be used in stationary operation, in robotics and/or in machines, in particular construction or transport machines, such as cranes, excavators or the like.
- the LiDAR system can advantageously be connected to or be part of at least one electronic control device of a vehicle or machine, in particular a driver assistance system or the like. In this way, at least some of the functions of the vehicle or machine can be carried out autonomously or semi-autonomously using the information obtained with the LiDAR system.
- the LiDAR system can be used to detect stationary or moving objects, in particular vehicles, persons, animals, plants, obstacles, ground, roadways, road bumps, in particular potholes or stones, road boundaries, (road) markings, (traffic) signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like, and/or movements and/or gestures.
- the orientation "spatially horizontal” and “spatially vertical” can refer to a chassis of the vehicle and thus to the vehicle's path.
- a spatially horizontal plane of the vehicle can be spanned by a vehicle's longitudinal axis and a vehicle's transverse axis.
- a spatially vertical direction can run perpendicular to said spatially horizontal plane of the vehicle.
- the spatially horizontal plane can therefore be parallel to the geographical horizon and the spatial vertical direction is perpendicular to the geographical horizon.
- At least two individual images can be generated which are combined to form an overall image.
- the resolution in relation to the reception field in particular the angular resolution
- the resolution in relation to the reception field in particular the angular resolution
- the radiation sensitivity when determining the individual images is increased compared to using only individual reception elements.
- shifting the group frames an overlap of the individual images is achieved, thereby improving the resolution, in particular the angular resolution.
- an improvement in the resolution, in particular the angular resolution can be achieved without increasing the transmission power or reducing the range of the LiDAR system.
- several individual images can be generated one after the other and the overall image can be updated with at least one individual image newly generated after the last combination, in particular the overall image can be updated continuously and/or smoothly, and/or several individual images can be generated one after the other and at least one of the individual images, in particular all individual images, can be processed separately.
- the overall image can be updated with at least one individual image newly generated after the last combination.
- the resolution in particular the angular resolution, can be improved with an increasing number of individual images.
- the overall image can advantageously be updated continuously and/or smoothly.
- the resolution in particular the angular resolution
- at least one of the individual images can advantageously be processed separately. In this way, intermediate results can be obtained quickly. All individual images can be processed separately. This means that an intermediate result can be called up at any time.
- an amount of the displacement vector can be specified as at most approximately 0.5 times, in particular 0.5 times, the extent of the group frame in the direction of the displacement vector and/or an amount of the displacement vector can be specified as the quotient of the extent of the group frame and the number of reception fields in the direction of the displacement vector within the group frame.
- the amount of the displacement vector can be specified as a maximum of approximately 0.5 times the extent of the group frame. In this way, small-scale displacements can be achieved. In this way, a corresponding resolution, in particular angular resolution, can be increased.
- an amount of the displacement vector can advantageously be specified as a quotient of the extent of the group frame and the number of reception fields in the direction of the displacement vector within the group frame. In this way, uniform overlaps between the individual images can be achieved. In this way, uniform resolutions, in particular angular resolutions, can be achieved over the course of the entire LiDAR measurement.
- the displacement vector can be aligned parallel or obliquely, in particular diagonally, to a reception field axis of the reception field. In this way, a defined displacement direction can be achieved with respect to the orientation of the reception field.
- an extension of the group frame can be specified in relation to the number of reception fields in the direction of said extension and/or at least one receiving group comprises a two-dimensional arrangement of receiving elements.
- an extension of the group frame can be specified in relation to the number of reception fields.
- the amount of the displacement vector can simply be specified as a whole number.
- the amount of the displacement vector indicates the number of reception fields by which the group frame is to be shifted.
- a reception field can have or consist of a sensor area that is functional for converting optical beams.
- the reception field can also have an edge or frame area that at least partially surrounds the functional sensor area and is not functional for converting optical beams.
- At least one receiving group can have a one-dimensional arrangement of receiving elements.
- the receiving group can be realized more compactly.
- the receiving elements can be arranged along a row of the receiving field.
- the receiving elements can be arranged along a column of the receiving field.
- the displacement vector can be aligned in a direction along the reception field in which a spatial resolution of the monitoring area can be achieved with the reception field; in particular, the displacement vector can be aligned vertically. In this way, the spatial resolution can be further improved.
- the displacement vector can be aligned in a direction along the reception field in which no spatial resolution of the monitoring area can be achieved with the reception field.
- the displacement vector can be aligned horizontally.
- the signal-to-noise ratio with regard to the overall output variables can be improved and/or differences in the sensitivity of the individual reception elements can be better compensated.
- several reception groups can be formed, each of which is assigned at least two of the reception elements, the respective group frames of at least two of the reception groups having the same extent. In this way, a uniform resolution can be achieved for the individual images across the reception field.
- At least one individual image can be generated which characterizes a spatial course of at least one monitoring variable in the monitoring area in two spatial dimensions.
- the scene can be characterized in relation to the at least one monitoring variable in at least one spatial dimension.
- At least one individual image can be generated in the form of a data set and/or at least one overall image can be generated in the form of a data set, wherein in at least one data set, identifiers which characterize reception groups and the corresponding group output variables are assigned to one another.
- the identifiers that characterize reception groups can be implemented as digital values, in particular numbers or letters. In this way, the reception groups can be assigned more easily.
- distance variables, direction variables and/or speed variables which characterize distances, directions and/or speeds of objects present in the scene in the surveillance area relative to the LiDAR system, and/or power variables which characterize strengths of optical echo beams which originate from scanning beams reflected from objects present can be determined on the basis of the output variables and/or distances, directions and/or speeds of objects present in the scene in the surveillance area relative to the LiDAR system and/or strengths of optical echo beams which originate from scanning beams reflected from any objects present are used as monitoring variables and/or at least one distance image, at least one direction image, at least one speed image and/or at least one performance image are determined from at least one individual image and/or at least one overall image, which characterize distances, directions or speeds of detected objects relative to the LiDAR system or strengths of scanning beams reflected from objects and received as echo beams.
- information about scenes in the surveillance area can be provided in an efficient and easily interpretable manner.
- the information can be used directly with a
- At least some of the receiving elements can be implemented as single-photon avalanche diodes. In this way, even radiation with low power can be received quickly.
- the respective output sizes of the single-photon avalanche diodes can be combined and thus resolution in relation to the received radiation power can be improved.
- Single-photon avalanche diodes are called single-photo avalanche diodes (SPADs).
- the object is achieved according to the invention in the LiDAR system in that the at least one receiving device has at least one receiving field of a plurality of electro-optical receiving elements and the LiDAR system has at least some of the means for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the LiDAR system can be used to monitor a surveillance area, particularly for objects.
- the means for carrying out the method according to the invention comprise means for generating individual images which characterize scenes in the surveillance area in relation to surveillance variables in at least one spatial dimension.
- the means for generating individual images are designed to capture output variables from receiving elements.
- the means for carrying out the method according to the invention comprise means for defining reception groups by means of predefinable imaginary group frames.
- the group frame surrounds certain arrangements of reception elements.
- the means for carrying out the method according to the invention comprise means for forming reception groups by means of group frames and for assigning reception elements to the reception groups.
- the means for carrying out the method according to the invention comprise means for combining output variables of receiving elements belonging to the same receiving group into corresponding group output variables.
- the means for carrying out the method according to the invention comprise means for shifting group frames by predetermined shift vectors along the reception field between the generation of at least two individual images.
- the means for carrying out the method according to the invention can be implemented in software and/or hardware.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in the driver assistance system in that the driver assistance system has at least some of the means for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the driver assistance system has at least one LiDAR system, in particular a LiDAR system according to the invention.
- the at least one LiDAR system of the driver assistance system can have at least some of the means for carrying out the method according to the invention. Since the at least one LiDAR system is part of the driver assistance system, the means of the at least one LiDAR system are also part of the driver assistance system, i.e. also means of the driver assistance system. This applies accordingly with regard to means of the vehicle, which has at least one driver assistance system and/or at least one LiDAR system.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in the vehicle in that the vehicle has at least some of the means for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the at least one LiDAR system can be used to scan the surroundings of the vehicle, in particular for objects.
- the at least one LiDAR system can be used to determine quantities that characterize distances, directions and/or speeds of objects relative to the vehicle.
- the at least one LiDAR system can be used to determine quantities that characterize the strength of received rays.
- the reflectivity of objects can be determined using the strength of received rays.
- the vehicle can have at least one driver assistance system.
- the vehicle can be operated autonomously or semi-autonomously.
- the at least one LiDAR system can be connected to a control device of the driver assistance system.
- Information obtained with the at least one LiDAR system, in particular object information, can thus be transmitted to the control device of the driver assistance system.
- At least parts of the LiDAR system can be part of the driver assistance system or implemented separately from it.
- Figure 1 is a front view of a vehicle with a driver assistance system having a LiDAR system and a control device;
- Figure 2 is a functional representation of the driver assistance system of the vehicle from Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a view of an irradiation side of a reception field of a reception device of the LiDAR system from Figures 1 and 2, wherein reception elements of the reception field are assigned to respective reception groups for generating a first individual image;
- Figure 4 shows the view of the irradiation side of the reception field from Figure 3, wherein the reception groups are shifted by a shift vector in comparison to the first individual image in order to generate a second individual image;
- Figure 5 shows the view of the irradiation side of the reception field from Figure 4, wherein the reception groups are shifted by the shift vector in comparison to the second individual image in order to generate a third individual image;
- Figure 6 shows the view of the irradiation side of the reception field from Figures 3 to 5, with one of the reception groups from Figures 3 to 5 being compared by way of example.
- identical components are provided with identical reference symbols.
- FIG 1 shows a vehicle 10 in the form of a passenger car in the front view.
- the vehicle 10 comprises a driver assistance system 12 with a LiDAR system 14 and a control device 16.
- Figure 2 shows a functional diagram of the driver assistance system 12 with the LiDAR system 14 and the control device 16.
- the LiDAR system 14 is arranged, for example, in the front bumper of the vehicle 10.
- the field of view of the LiDAR system 14 is directed into a monitoring area 18 in the direction of travel in front of the vehicle 10.
- the LiDAR system 14 can be used to monitor the monitoring area 18, for example for objects 20.
- the LiDAR system 14 can also be arranged at another location on the vehicle 10 and aligned differently.
- the vehicle 10 can also have several identical or similar LiDAR systems 14, which can be arranged and/or aligned differently.
- the LiDAR system 14 can detect stationary or moving objects 20, for example vehicles, persons, animals, plants, obstacles, road surface irregularities, for example potholes or stones, road markings, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like, and/or movements and/or gestures.
- stationary or moving objects for example vehicles, persons, animals, plants, obstacles, road surface irregularities, for example potholes or stones, road markings, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like, and/or movements and/or gestures.
- the LiDAR system 14 is functionally connected to the control device 16 of the driver assistance system 12. In this way, information, for example object information, from the monitoring area 18, which can be obtained with the LiDAR system 14, can be transmitted to the control device 16. In this way, a scene that prevails in the monitoring area 18 can be recorded with the LiDAR system 14 and characterized with corresponding information. Scenes that do not contain any objects 18 can also be characterized.
- control device 16 of the driver assistance system 14 functions of the vehicle 10, for example driving functions, for example, based on the information obtained with the LiDAR system 14. In this way, the vehicle 10 can be operated autonomously or semi-autonomously.
- the LiDAR system 14 is designed, for example, as a scanning LiDAR system. With the LiDAR system 14, optical scanning beams 22 can be sent into the monitoring area 18, for example in the form of laser signals.
- the scanning beams 22 can be reflected by any objects 20 and received as optical echo beams 24 by the LiDAR system 14.
- the LiDAR system 14 can determine distances, directions and speeds of detected objects 20 relative to the LiDAR system 14. In a time of flight measurement, distances can be determined from the time of flight of the scanning beams 22 and the echo beams 24 from the emission of the scanning beams 22 to the reception of the echo beams 24.
- the strengths of echo beams 24 can be recorded and from this the reflectivity of objects 20 from which the echo beams 24 come can be determined.
- the strength of echo beams 24 can be defined, for example, by their power or energy.
- the information about the absence of an object 20 in the field of view 18 can also be considered as object information.
- the LiDAR system 14 comprises, as shown in Figure 2, a transmitting device 26, a receiving device 28 and a control and evaluation device 30.
- the transmitting device 26 comprises a light source, for example in the form of one or more lasers. Laser signals can be generated as scanning beams 22 using the light source. To transmit scanning beams 22, the transmitting device 26 can be controlled accordingly via the control and evaluation device 30.
- the transmitting device 26 can have a transmitting optics and/or at least parts of a beam deflection device with which the scanning beams 22 can be directed into the monitoring area 18.
- the receiving device 28 is connected to the control and evaluation device 30 via a data and control line.
- the receiving device 28 has a receiver 32 with which echo beams 24 coming from the monitoring area 18 can be received.
- the receiving device 28, or the receiver 32 can be controlled and read out via the control and evaluation device 30.
- the receiving device 28 can have a receiving optics and/or a beam deflection device. The echo beams 24 coming from the monitoring area 18 are focused on the receiver 32 using the receiving optics and/or the beam deflection device if necessary.
- the beam deflection device of the transmitting device 26 can be combined with the beam deflection device, if present, of the receiving device 28.
- the receiver 32 has a reception field 34 with a large number of reception elements 36.
- the reception field 34 is shown in Figures 3 to 6 in a view of the irradiation side. For the sake of clarity, a reception field 34 with only 8 x 10 reception elements 36 is shown there. In reality, the reception field 34 can also have more or fewer reception elements 36, which can also be arranged in a different format.
- the receiving elements 36 are implemented as single-photon avalanche diodes, so-called SPADs. With each of the receiving elements 36, optical echo beams 24 can be converted into a respective output variable 38 in the form of electrical signals.
- each reception field 34 is shown as a square for the sake of simplicity. In reality, however, the reception fields 24 can also have other shapes. Each reception field 34 has a sensor area that is functional for converting echo beams 24. Depending on the design, the reception fields 34 can also have an edge or frame area that at least partially surrounds the functional sensor area and is not functional for converting the echo beams 24.
- the reception centers 40 of the reception elements 36 are arranged on an imaginary reception field plane. In Figure 3, only one of the reception centers 40 is shown for the sake of clarity.
- the reception field plane is spanned by two imaginary orthogonal reception field axes 42 and 44.
- the reception field axes are referred to as the vertical reception field axis 42 and the horizontal reception field axis 44 for the sake of better differentiation.
- the receiving elements 36 are arranged in an imaginary grid which is defined by the vertical receiving field axis 42 and the horizontal receiving field axis 46.
- the receiving elements 36 are arranged in rows and columns.
- the LiDAR system 14 is arranged in a ready-to-use installation situation in the vehicle 10 such that the reception field 34 is aligned such that the horizontal reception field axis 44 runs parallel to a vehicle plane 46, which is spanned by a vehicle longitudinal axis 48 and a vehicle transverse axis 50, and the vertical reception field axis 42 runs parallel to a vehicle vertical axis 52.
- imaginary lines in the monitoring area 18 that run parallel to the spatial horizontal are mapped spatially resolved onto the reception field 34 in the direction 58 of the horizontal reception field axis 44.
- Imaginary lines in the monitoring area 18 that run parallel to the spatial vertical are mapped spatially resolved onto the reception field 34 in the direction 58 of the vertical reception field axis 42.
- the vehicle transverse axis 50, the vehicle vertical axis 52 and the vehicle longitudinal axis 48 run perpendicular to each other.
- scanning beams 22 are sent into the monitoring area 18 using the transmitting device 26.
- the receiving device 28 is activated to receive echo beams 24.
- a plurality of individual images 54 are generated.
- Each of the individual images 54 characterizes a scene in the surveillance area 18 in relation to surveillance sizes 54, 56, 58 and 60 in two dimensions of the surveillance area 18, namely the horizontal and vertical.
- Individual images 54 can also be referred to as “frames”.
- Distances 56, directions 58 and speeds 60 of objects 18 present in the scene in the monitoring area 18 relative to the LiDAR system 14 are used as monitoring variables.
- strengths 62 of optical echo beams 24 coming from objects 18 in the monitoring area 18 are used as monitoring variables.
- the individual images 54 each characterize a spatial progression of the monitoring variables 54, 56, 58 and 60 in the monitoring area 18 in two spatial dimensions. In the embodiment shown, the individual images 54 characterize the spatial progression of the monitoring variables 54, 56, 58 and 60 in the vertical dimension and the horizontal dimension.
- each individual image 54 can be generated in the form of a data set.
- identifiers which characterize reception groups 64 explained below and the corresponding group output variables 76 are assigned to one another.
- the identifiers which characterize the reception groups 64 can be implemented as digital values, for example numbers or letters.
- the data sets are processed using processors of the control and evaluation device. In the following, the generation of the individual images 54 is described using the example of an individual image 54.
- reception groups 64 are formed, each of which is assigned several of the reception elements 36. The assignment is made, for example, using means of the control and evaluation device.
- the reception groups 64 each have a two-dimensional arrangement of reception elements 36.
- Each of the reception groups 64 is defined by a predefinable imaginary group frame 66.
- the respective group frame 66 surrounds a specific arrangement of reception elements 36 of the reception field 34.
- the vertical extent 68 of the group frame 66 is specified in relation to the number of reception fields 24 in the direction 58 of the vertical reception field axis 42.
- the horizontal extent 70 of the group frame 66 is specified in relation to the number of reception fields 24 in the direction 58 of the horizontal reception field axis 44.
- each group frame 66 comprises, for example, a receiving group 64 with 3x3 receiving elements 36. In other embodiments not shown, more or fewer, even differently arranged receiving elements 36 can be surrounded by a correspondingly extended group frame 66.
- reception groups 64 In the exemplary embodiment, only a total of four reception groups 64 are shown in Figures 3 to 6 for the sake of better clarity. In reality, more or fewer reception groups 64 can be formed.
- the respective group frames 66 of the reception groups 64 have the same dimensions 68 and 70.
- the group frames 66 are displaceable along the reception field 34 by a displacement vector 72.
- the displacement vector 72 is, for example, aligned in a direction along the reception field 34 in which a spatial resolution of the monitoring area 18 is realized with the reception field 34. In the embodiment shown, the displacement vector 72 is aligned parallel to the vertical reception field axis 42 of the reception field 34.
- the displacement vector 72 can also be aligned in a direction along the reception field 34 in which no spatial resolution of the monitoring area 18 can be achieved with the reception field 34. In this way, the signal-to-noise ratio with regard to the total output variables 38 can be improved and differences in the sensitivity of the individual reception elements 36 can be compensated. For example, a failure of individual reception elements 36 can also be compensated in this way.
- An amount of the displacement vector 72 is specified as a maximum of approximately 0.5 times the extent 68 of the group frame 66 in the direction 58 of the displacement vector 72.
- the amount of the displacement vector 72 is specified as the quotient of the extent 68 of the group frame 66 and the number of reception fields 24 in the direction of the displacement vector 72 within the group frame 66.
- the group frame 66 comprises a matrix of 3x3 reception elements 36.
- the amount of the displacement vector 72 is specified as one third of the extent 68 of the group frame 66.
- the amount of the displacement vector 72 corresponds to the extent 74 of a reception field 34 in the direction 58 of the displacement vector 72.
- the output variables 38 of the receiving elements 36 are recorded.
- the output variables 38 of the receiving elements 36 that belong to the same receiving group 64 are combined to form corresponding group output variables 76.
- group output variables 76 are generated for the four receiving groups 64.
- the individual image 54 is composed of the group output variables 76 of all receiving groups 64.
- the group frames 66 for the reception groups 64 are shifted by the shift vector 72 along the reception field 34. This results in a new assignment of the reception elements 36 to the reception groups 64.
- Figure 3 shows the arrangement of the group frames 66 with the corresponding reception groups 64 for the first individual image 54.
- Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the group frames 66 with the corresponding reception groups 64 for the second individual image 54.
- Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the group frames 66 with the corresponding reception groups 64 for the third individual image 54.
- Figure 6 shows the group frames of the three consecutive individual images 54. For better clarity, only one of the four group frames 66 is indicated in the three positions.
- the reception groups 64 of successive individual images 54 each overlap by one row of the reception elements 36, as shown in Figure 6.
- the extent 78 of the overlaps of the reception groups 64 between the individual images 54 is the same.
- the individual images 54 generated one after the other are combined to form an overall image 80.
- the overall image 80 has the form of a data set corresponding to the individual images 54.
- the overall image 80 is updated after each new individual image 54 is generated with the individual image 54 newly generated after the last combination. In this way, the overall image 80 is continuously updated. The update can be carried out continuously.
- individual or all individual images 54 can be processed separately.
- a resolution is improved with respect to the reception field 34.
- the radiation sensitivity is increased when determining the individual images 54.
- the resolution is improved.
- Distance variables, direction variables and speed variables are determined on the basis of the group output variables 76 of the overall image 80.
- the distance variables characterize distances 56
- the direction variables characterize directions 58
- the speed variables characterize speeds 60 of objects 18 present in the scene in the surveillance area 18 relative to the LiDAR system 14.
- power variables are determined which characterize strengths of optical echo beams 24 that originate from scanning beams 22 reflected from objects 18 that may be present.
- a distance image containing the distance variables, a direction image containing the direction variables, a speed image containing the speed variables, and a power image containing the power variables are determined from the overall image 80.
- the distance image characterizes speeds 60
- the direction image characterizes directions 58
- the speed image characterizes speeds 60 of detected objects 18 relative to the LiDAR system 14.
- the power image characterizes powers of received echo beams 24.
- Information about scenes captured by the LiDAR system 14 in the surveillance area 18 is provided via the distance image, the direction image, the speed image and the performance image. This information can be used directly with the driver assistance system 12 to control the autonomous or semi-autonomous operation of a vehicle 10.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023109215.4A DE102023109215A1 (de) | 2023-04-12 | 2023-04-12 | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines LiDAR-Systems, LiDAR-System, Fahrerassistenzsystem und Fahrzeug |
| PCT/EP2024/059581 WO2024213534A1 (de) | 2023-04-12 | 2024-04-09 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems, lidar-system, fahrerassistenzsystem und fahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4695627A1 true EP4695627A1 (de) | 2026-02-18 |
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ID=90720186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24717692.8A Pending EP4695627A1 (de) | 2023-04-12 | 2024-04-09 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems, lidar-system, fahrerassistenzsystem und fahrzeug |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4695627A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121152986A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023109215A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024213534A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017223102A1 (de) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Multipuls-Lidarsystem zur mehrdimensionalen Erfassung von Objekten |
| DE102019215813A1 (de) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | LIDAR-Sensor zur Erfassung eines Objekts und Verfahren für einen LIDARSensor |
| US11880902B2 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2024-01-23 | Waymo Llc | Systems, apparatus, and methods for enhanced image capture |
-
2023
- 2023-04-12 DE DE102023109215.4A patent/DE102023109215A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-09 WO PCT/EP2024/059581 patent/WO2024213534A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-09 CN CN202480024981.5A patent/CN121152986A/zh active Pending
- 2024-04-09 EP EP24717692.8A patent/EP4695627A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024213534A1 (de) | 2024-10-17 |
| CN121152986A (zh) | 2025-12-16 |
| DE102023109215A1 (de) | 2024-10-17 |
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