EP4695477A1

EP4695477A1 - House roof

Info

Publication number: EP4695477A1
Application number: EP24729717.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Premysl KOKES
Original assignee: Nebesys AS
Current assignee: Nebesys AS
Priority date: 2023-04-14
Filing date: 2024-04-12
Publication date: 2026-02-18
Also published as: WO2024213190A1

Abstract

The house roof comprises rafters (12), roof battens (14) and roof tiles (15) with top retaining edges (15a) and bottom overlapping edges (15b), laid on the roof battens (14) in rows, wherein the bottom overlapping edges (15b) overlap the top retaining edges (15a) of the roof tiles (15) in each lower row, wherein the roof battens (14) are provided on rafters (12) or on rafter bars (13) mounted on the rafters (12) in a swinging fashion around axes essentially perpendicular to the roof battens (14) and to the rafters (12) or rafter bars (13), and the roof tiles (15) are U- shaped along at least a part of the bottom overlapping edges (15b), the free arm (15c) of which extends into the recess (14c) of the roof batten (14) of the lower row, produced in the roof batten (14) of the lower row against the direction (11) of the roof slope (10), or surrounds the roof batten (14) of the lower row against the direction (11) of the roof slope (10).

Description

House roof

Area of technology

The invention concerns a house roof, comprising rafter bars provided in the direction of the roof slope, roof battens provided on the rafters essentially transverse to the direction of the roof slope, and roof tiles with top retaining edges and bottom overlapping edges in the direction of the roof slope, mounted on the roof battens in rows, wherein the bottom overlapping edges overlap the top retaining edges of the roof tiles in each lower row .

State of the art

Conventional house roofs consist of rafters provided lengthwise in the direction of the roof slope and comprising a fixed roof frame, of roof battens provided perpendicular to the rafters and firmly connected with the rafters. Roof tiles are attached to the roof battens so that their top retaining edges are hung on the roof batten and their bottom free edges overlap with the roof tiles of the lower rows. The position of the roof tiles is stabilized by their own weight, which is so heavy that it retains the top retaining edges of tiles hung on the roof battens. During heavy storms or strong wind, however, the air stream frequently lifts some roof tiles and then violates, or even takes away the whole roof . The first roof tiles to come loose are those that, due to unevenness of the roof or wrong mutual position of rafters and roof battens, are not laid precisely side by side. Besides, conventional house roofs suffer from a stress between rafters, roof battens and roof tiles as a consequence of their fixed connection, most commonly using nails. Loosely laid roof tiles are thus not laid on roofs with sufficient strength and resistance to strong wind.

Essence of the invention

The objective of the invention is a house roof that enables setting the mutual position of the roof components such that the components are adjusted to the shape of the roof, eliminating internal stress in the components and achieving correct position of all the roof components with a high precision. Another goal of the invention is to produce easily assemblable and reliably securable roofing composed of flat roof tiles. Another goal of the invention is to produce a top covering layer of a two-layer roof, the bottom layer of which comprises slabs transparent for light.

The shortcomings of the state of the art are substantially eliminated and the objective of the invention is achieved by the house roof comprising rafters, provided in the direction of the roof slope, roof battens, provided on the rafters essentially perpendicular to the direction of the roof slope, and roof tiles with top retaining edges and bottom overlapping edges in the direction of the roof slope, laid on the roof battens in rows, wherein the bottom overlapping edges overlap the top retaining edges of the roof tiles in each lower row according to the invention, the essence of which consists the roof battens being provided on the rafters or rafter bars, mounted on the rafters, in a swinging fashion around axes essentially perpendicular to the roof battens and to the rafters or rafter bars, and the roof tiles being U-shaped at least along a part of the bottom overlapping edges, the free arm of which extends into a recess provided in the roof batten of the lower row against the direction of the roof slope or surrounds the roof batten of the lower row against the direction of the roof slope.

At an advantage, connecting brackets can be provided between the rafters or rafter bars mounted on the rafters and roof battens, mounted with at least one ends in a swinging fashion in recess or on protrusions, provided in the rafters or rafter bars and in the roof battens. At an advantage, the connecting brackets can be mounted with their bottom ends in a swinging and sliding fashion in longitudinal grooves provided in the rafter bars of a profiled shape, and the opposite top ends of the connecting brackets carry roof battens of a profiled shape in a sliding fashion in longitudinal grooves or on longitudinal protrusions. At an advantage, the bottom ends of the connecting brackets can extend into the longitudinal grooves of the profiled rafter bars, be in the shape of flat webs of an oval shape aligned with play in the longitudinal groove of the rafter bars, wherein the distance between neighbouring connecting brackets in the longitudinal grooves of the rafter bars is defined by flat inserts. At an advantage, the rafter bars can be connected with the rafters via adjustable bar hinges, each comprising two hinge arms and a hinge bar connecting the two hinge arms in a pivoting fashion with a third hinge arm, wherein the two hinge arms are firmly connected with the rafters and the third hinge arms can slide in an adjustable fashion into longitudinal grooves provided in the rafter bars. At an advantage, the bottom ends of neighbouring rafter bars can be connected to U-shaped purlins with their free ends facing against the direction of the roof slope.

The advantages of the house roof according to the invention consist in the fact that it enables setting of the mutual positions of the roof components to such positions in which the components are adjusted to the shape of the roof and internal stress in the components is eliminated, and it enables the production of an easily assemblable and reliably securable roofing composed of flat roof tiles and can produce a top covering layer of a two-layer roof, the bottom layer of which comprises slabs transparent for light.

Explanation of drawings The house roof according to the invention is shown in the drawings with the following meaning.

Fig. 1 Roof composition

Fig. 2 Roof components with connection detail

Fig. 3 Roof tile

Fig. 4 Connecting bracket Fig. 5 Assembly of rafter bar and connecting bracket

Fig. 6 Assembly of connecting bracket and roof batten

Fig. 7 Bar hinge Fig. 8 Assembly of bar hinge and rafter bar

Examples embodiments of the invention

According to Fig. 1, the roof composition is illustrated in a section, which comprises a rafter bar 13 , roof battens 14 and roof tiles 15. For the sake of clarity, it shows only one of the rafter bars 13; the other rafter bars not shown are provided in the direction 11 of the roof slope 10 , successively in a row side by side. In addition, connecting brackets 16are provided between the rafter bar 13 and the roof battens 14 for a swinging connection of the roof battens 14 with the rafter bars 13. The roof battens 14 are provided on the rafter bars 13 essentially perpendicular to the direction 11 of the roof slope 10. The rafter bars 13 have the cross-section shape of a profile with recesses comprising a longitudinal top groove 13a produced on the top side of the rafter bar 13 facing towards the roof battens 14 , and longitudinal bottom groove 13b produced on the bottom side of the rafter bar 13 facing the rafter (not shown) on which the rafter bar 13 is mounted. The longitudinal bottom groove 13b of the rafter bar 13 is produced perpendicular to the longitudinal top groove 13a of the rafter bar 13 for connection with the rafter (not shown) . The connecting brackets 16 and placed in the longitudinal top groove 13a with the bottom ends in a swinging fashion around axes perpendicular to the rafter bars 13. The roof battens 14 and placed in the top ends of the connecting brackets 16 (not shown) . The cross-section of the roof battens 14 are in the shape of a profile with a longitudinal protrusion 14b for placing the top ends (not shown) of the connecting brackets 16. The roof tiles 15 are flat components laid on the roof battens 14 side by side. The flat metal sheet components of the roof tiles 15 have raised strips 15f , alternating with sunken strips 15g . The raised strips 15f and the sunken strips 15g are provided in the direction 11 of the roof slope 10. The raised strips 15f have top retaining edges 15a, which are slid into the first longitudinal grooves 14a of the roof battens 14. The bottom overlapping edges 15b of the roof tiles 15 have free arms (not shown) , which surround the roof battens 14 of the lower row against the direction 11 of the roof slope 10. The arms (not shown) can be slid into the longitudinal grooves of the roof battens 14 , as shown in the following figures. At an advantage, the rafter bars 13 can be fastened to rafters (not shown) , made of wooden beams and comprising the roof frame. However, the rafter bars 13 can themselves be the rafters comprising the roof frame. The roof tiles 15 can be the top layer of a two-layer roof, the bottom layer of which comprises light-permeable waterproofing slab elements and is waterproof. In such a case, the roof tiles 15 can be made of metal sheet or another, e.g. , transparent or translucent material with openings for views. At an advantage, the rafter bars can have additional grooves (not shown) , e.g. , a lateral longitudinal guide groove 13i for guiding roller blinds for shading in a two-layer roof. The ends of the roller blinds for shading can be mounted in a pivoting fashion in load-bearing elements (not shown) , placed in neighbouring rafter bars 13 , in and against the direction 11 of the roof slope in a sliding fashion in the lateral longitudinal guide grooves 13i facing against each other.

According to Fig. 2, rafter bars 13 are provided in pairs side by side, carrying two roof battens 14 , each using two connecting brackets 16. The rafter bars 13 have a longitudinal top groove 13a for placing the connecting brackets 16 and longitudinal bottom groove 13b for fastening a rafter bar 13 as necessary to a rafter (not shown) . Moreover, the figure shows one roof tile 15 with a top retaining edge 15a and a bottom overlapping edge 15b in the direction 11 of the roof slope. The roof battens 14 have a first longitudinal groove 14a for sliding the retaining edge 15a of the roof tile 15 , and a second longitudinal groove 14c for placing the bottom overlapping edge 15b of the roof tile 15. Besides, the roof battens 14 have a longitudinal protrusion 14b of a cylindrical shape for placing the roof batten 14 into the guide in the top end of the connecting brackets 16. In the final phase of the roof installation, the top retaining edges 15a of the roof tile 15 are slid into the first longitudinal groove 14a of the roof batten 14. The detailed view shows the cross-section of the roof batten 14 profile shape. The roof batten 14 has a profile comprising a first longitudinal groove 14a for sliding in the top retaining edge 15a of the roof tile 15 , a second longitudinal groove 14c for sliding in the free arm 15c of the roof tile 15 , and a longitudinal protrusion 14b for placing the roof batten 14 into the guide provided in the top end of the connecting bracket 16. The installation of the roof tiles 15 proceeds in a way that first the free arms 15c of the bottom overlapping edge 15b of the roof tile 15 are slid into the second longitudinal groove 14c of the roof batten 14 , the roof tile 15 is slid into place against the direction 11 of the roof slope, whereby the top retaining edges 15a of the roof tile 15 are slid above the first longitudinal groove 14a of the roof batten 14 and the top retaining edges 15a are slid into the first longitudinal groove 14a of the roof batten 14. After completion of the installation, the roof tiles 15 are fastened to the roof battens 14 with their top retaining edges 15a and the free arms 15c of the bottom overlapping edges 15b . The bottom ends 13c of neighbouring rafter bars are connected via purlins (not shown) , which are, at an advantage, in the shape of the letter U, its free ends facing against the direction 11 of the roof slope 10 , wherein the purlin collects condensate and rainwater if any.

According to Fig. 3, the roof tile 15 is flat and divided into raised strips 15f and sunken strips 15g provided in the direction 11 of the roof slope. The raised strips 15 f and sunken strips 15g alternate side by side. On the top of the roof tile 15 , the raised strips have extensions 15d with top retaining edges 15a for fastening in the longitudinal groove of the roof batten (not shown) .

On the bottom overlapping edge 15b of the roof tile 15 , free arms 15c extend from the bottom face 15e against the direction 11 of the roof slope, intended for sliding into the recess in the roof batten of the lower row, comprising a longitudinal groove in the roof batten of the lower row against the direction of the roof slope, or the free arm 15c can surround the roof batten of the lower row against the direction of the roof slope.

According to Fig. 4, the connecting bracket 16 has a web 16c on the bottom end 16b, via which the connecting bracket 16 is placed in the longitudinal groove of the rafter bar (not shown) . The web 16c is narrower in at least one direction than the width of the longitudinal top groove of the rafter bar (not shown) , in which the web 16c of the connecting bracket 16 is placed so as to make the mounting of the connecting bracket 16 in the rafter bar adjustable in a swinging fashion. The shape of the web 16c is essentially oval; in the present case, the web 16c is almond- shaped, with the middle part 16g being of a hydrodynamic shaft shape, which enables turning in the longitudinal groove of the rafter bar and, at the same time, enables easy flow of water flowing in the direction 11 of the roof slope. The bracket 16 breaks the cold bridge between the rafter bar (not shown) and the roof batten (not shown) . The shape of the bracket 16 permits easy access to the lateral sides of the rafter bars, e.g. , when inserting the glass slabs of the two-layer roof, which facilitates puttying of components. For placing the roof batten (not shown) , the head 16d of the connecting bracket 16 has a guide, in which the roof batten is placed. In the present case, the guide is cylindrical, but can be of a different shape, as shown in the following illustrations.

According to Fig. 5, the connecting bracket 16 has a web 16c on its bottom end 16b, which is placed in the longitudinal top groove 13a of the rafter bar 13 , on the loading surface 13g of the longitudinal top groove 13a .

The web 16c, resting on the loading surface 13g with its bottom, is partially covered on the top and guided via the longitudinal free arms 13f , 13h of the rafter bar 13. Between the ends of the first longitudinal free arm 13f and the second longitudinal free arm 13h is an oblong opening, through which passes the bottom end 16b of the connecting bracket 16 with play sufficient for a swinging turning of the connecting bracket 16 around its vertical axis. The longitudinal top groove 13a comprises two parts, both in the shape of the letter U with their free arms facing each other. Between the web 16c and the bottom of the longitudinal top groove 13a is transverse play 13e sufficient for a swinging turn of the web 16c in the longitudinal top groove 13a around the vertical axis of the connecting bracket 16. The top end 16a of the connecting bracket 16 widens into a head 16d, which has guides 16e , 16 f for mounting the roof batten (not shown) . At an advantage, the guides 16e , 16f can be of coaxial conical shapes with the narrowing parts of the cones facing each other. This makes it possible for the roof batten 14 to be mounted with its cylindrical longitudinal protrusion in a swinging fashion in the head 16d of the connecting bracket 16. The transverse play 15e of the web 16c in the longitudinal top groove 13a of the rafter bar 13 enables swinging of the connecting bracket 16 in the rafter bar 13 , and the described conical guides 16e , 16f enable swinging of the roof batten 14 in the connecting bracket 16 , which contributes to achieving the objective of the invention, namely setting of the mutual position of the components of the roof according to the invention so that the components are adjusted to the shape of the roof and internal stress in the components is eliminated. The cross-section of the profile of the rafter bar 13 also shows a longitudinal bottom groove 13b for sliding in the hinge arm of the bar hinge (not shown) for connecting the rafter bar 13 to the rafter .

According to Fig. 6, the connecting bracket 16 has a web 16c on its bottom end 16b, which connects via the middle part 16g to the top end 16a . The top end 16a contains a first guide 16e for placement of the longitudinal protrusion 14b of the roof batten 14. In the cross-section of the profile of the roof batten 14 , the longitudinal protrusion 14b is of a cylindrical shape, but it can also be conical at an advantage, as described in Fig. 5. The roof batten 14 has a profiled in the cross-section and has a first longitudinal groove 14a for the top retaining edge of the roof tile (not shown) , and a second longitudinal groove 14c for the free arm of the bottom overlapping edge of the roof tile (not shown) . The mounting of the roof batten 14 using the longitudinal protrusion 14b onto the connecting bracket 16 is reinforced with a longitudinal covering arm 14d and a longitudinal supporting arm 14e of the roof batten 14.

According to Fig. 7, between the rafter 17 and the rafter bar (not shown) is a bar hinge 17 comprising two hinge arms 17a, 17b with hinge collars 17d, 17e, a third hinge arm 17 f and a hinge bar 17c passing progressively through the hinge collars 17e, 17 f, 17d. The third hinge arm 17 f of the bar hinge 17 can be slid into the longitudinal groove of the rafter bar (not shown) , which ensures a pivoting connection between the rafter and the rafter bar .

According to Fig. 8, the rafter 12 is connected via a bar hinge 17 with the rafter bar 13. The bar hinge 17 is firmly connected with the rafter 12 using the fastening screw 17h . The bar hinge 17 has a third hinge arm 17 f mounted in a pivoting fashion on the hinge bar 17c, which passes through the hole 17g and is mounted in it with an overlap. The third hinge arm 17 f extends with an overlap into the longitudinal groove 13b of the rafter bar 13. The mounting of the rafter bar on the rafter 12 via the bar hinge 17 enables turning of the rafter bar 13 in the transverse plane of the rafter bar 13 against the rafter 12. The third hinge arm 17 f can be slid into the longitudinal groove 13b of the rafter bar 13 , and the position of the third hinge arm 17 f is height-adjustable in the longitudinal groove 13b . The profile of the rafter bar 13 shows a longitudinal top groove 13a for mounting of the connecting bracket, which can thus also be turned in the plane perpendicular to the rafter bar 13 and the roof batten can thus also move in a swinging fashion with the connecting bracket in the plane of the longitudinal cross-section of the roof batten, which contributes to achieving the objective of the invention, namely setting of the mutual position of the roof components so that the components are adjusted to the shape of the roof and internal stress in the components is eliminated.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A house roof, comprising rafter bars (13) , provided in the direction (11) of the roof slope (10) , roof battens (14) , provided on the rafter bars essentially transverse to the direction (11) of the roof slope (10) , and roof tiles (15) with top retaining edges (15a) and bottom overlapping edges (15b) in the direction (11) of the roof slope (10) , mounted on the roof battens (14) in rows, wherein the bottom overlapping edges (15b) overlap the top retaining edges (15a) of the roof tiles (15) in each lower row, characterised in that the roof battens (14) are provided on the rafter bars (13) in a swinging fashion around axes essentially perpendicular to the roof battens (14) and to the rafter bars (13) , and the roof tiles (15) have a U shape at least along a part of the bottom overlapping edges (15b) , the free arm of which (15c) extends into a recess (14c) in the roof batten (14) of the lower row, provided in the roof batten (14) of the lower row against the direction (11) of the roof slope (10) , or surrounds the roof batten (14) of the lower row against the direction (11) of the roof slope (10) .

2. A house roof according to Claim 1, characterised in that connecting brackets (16) are provided between the rafter bars (13) and roof battens (14) , mounted with at least one ends (16a) in a swinging fashion in recesses or on protrusions, provided in the rafter bars (13) and in the roof battens (14) .

3. A house roof according to Claim 2, characterised in that the connecting brackets (16) are mounted with their bottom ends (16a) in a swinging and sliding fashion in longitudinal grooves (13a) provided in the rafter bars (13) of a profiled shape, and the opposite top ends (16b) of the connecting brackets (16) carry roof battens (14) of a profiled shape in a sliding fashion in longitudinal grooves (14a) or on longitudinal protrusions (14b) .

4. A house roof according to Claim 3, characterised in that the bottom ends (16a) of the connecting brackets (16) extending into the longitudinal grooves (13a) of the profiled rafter bars (13) are in the shape of flat webs (16c) of an oval shape aligned with play in the longitudinal groove (13a) of the rafter bars (13) , wherein the distance between neighbouring connecting brackets (16) in the longitudinal grooves (13a) of the rafter bars (13) is defined by flat inserts (19) .

5. A house roof according to Claim 1, characterised in that the rafter bars (13) are connected with the rafters (12) via adjustable bar hinges (17) , each comprising two hinge arms (17a, 17b) and a hinge bar (17c) connecting the two hinge arms (17a, 17b) in a pivoting fashion with a third hinge arm (17f) , wherein the two hinge arms (17a, 17b) are firmly connected with the rafters (12) and the third hinge arms (17b) can slide in an adjustable fashion into longitudinal grooves (13b) provided in the rafter bars (13) .

6. A house roof according to Claim 3, characterised in that lower ends (13c) of neighbouring rafter bars (13) are connected with U-shaped purlins whose free ends (18a, 18b) face against the direction (11) of the roof slope (10) .