EP4695032A1 - Sortiergerät, sortioerverfahren, sowie computerprogramm - Google Patents
Sortiergerät, sortioerverfahren, sowie computerprogrammInfo
- Publication number
- EP4695032A1 EP4695032A1 EP24719531.6A EP24719531A EP4695032A1 EP 4695032 A1 EP4695032 A1 EP 4695032A1 EP 24719531 A EP24719531 A EP 24719531A EP 4695032 A1 EP4695032 A1 EP 4695032A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- feature
- sorting device
- sorting
- battery
- material flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/3416—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radiation transmissivity, e.g. for light, x-rays, particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0054—Sorting of waste or refuse
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/20—Sources of radiation
- G01N2223/206—Sources of radiation sources operating at different energy levels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/611—Specific applications or type of materials patterned objects; electronic devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a sorting device or a sorting system with a single or multi-energy X-ray system as well as to a corresponding method for recycling and computer program.
- Preferred embodiments relate to a system describing the combination of multi-energy X-ray technology and deep learning-based image analysis in order to detect lithium ion accumulators in material flows.
- LIBs Lithium-ion batteries
- the LIBs are damaged in the mechanical processing steps of the sorting plant (e.g. bag openers or shredders) and can ignite as a result. Fires caused by LIBs are difficult to extinguish because a large amount of energy is released and the LIB decomposes, producing oxygen that accelerates the fire or reignites extinguished fires.
- detecting LIB in recycling streams is anything but trivial.
- the material is often 20-30 cm high on the conveyor belts, and on the other hand, LIB is often built into electronic devices and thus cannot be detected freely in the material stream. This circumstance completely rules out optical detection systems (cameras, etc.). Mechanical separation processes such as wind sifting can separate heavy objects from light ones, but cannot reliably detect or remove LIB.
- the invention to be registered here solves the previously impossible problem of detecting LIB in complex material streams.
- Sorting systems use thermography cameras and extinguishing devices to detect and extinguish heat in the material streams. Such systems cost up to 5 million euros for individual sorting systems.
- the problem here is the detection rate of the cameras when the material on the conveyor belts is very thick, and the fact that the resulting extinguishing water has to be collected and disposed of separately.
- At the end of the sorting systems there are often manual sorting steps in which workers grab objects from the material stream as it passes by on a conveyor belt. At this point, in most cases, it is However, it is far too late to react to ignited or igniting LIBs. Therefore, there is a need for an improved approach.
- the object of the present invention is to create a concept that improves the recycling of special components, such as batteries or lithium-ion batteries.
- the processor is designed to recognize one or more regions in a respective one of the radiographic images that have a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, or a battery cell, in particular a lithium-ion battery cell, using a Kl algorithm or a Kl algorithm trained in advance or during operation.
- the recognition takes place on the basis of a first feature that is derived from the first information and/or a second feature that is derived from the second structural information.
- the training can also be carried out in combination with the first information, i.e. labeled training data containing the first and second structural information are included. These are then examined by the Kl algorithm with regard to first and second features. Preferably, large amounts of training data are used in order to train the Kl algorithm in advance or during operation. According to embodiments, it would also be conceivable to that the large amounts of data are collected during operation and labeled afterwards.
- the X-ray system is arranged in the material flow before the sorting means.
- the position it should be noted that the position and the relative position in the material flow is calculated and passed on along the movement of the material flow, i.e. depending on the direction of movement and speed of movement of the material flow.
- the material flow can be multi-layered, whereby the component/battery/battery cell to be recycled does not necessarily have to be on the top layer, but can also be arranged between two layers.
- M1 a first feature derived from the first information
- M2 second feature
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a flow chart to illustrate the recycling process according to embodiments
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a component to be recycled (battery) to explain first and second features or first and second (structural) information that are used in embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows a sorting system 10 (generally a sorting device) with a conveying means 12 and an X-ray system, here a multi-energy X-ray system 20.
- a sorting system 10 comprises, for example, a radiation source 22 and a radiation detector 24.
- the sorting system 10 comprises a processor 28. This is, for example, informationally coupled to the (multi-energy) X-ray system and receives radiographic images from the X-ray detector 24.
- the sorting system 10 can also have sorting means 30.
- the multi-energy X-ray system 20 uses the radiation source 22 to irradiate the material flow 14 and thus also the object 16 to be recycled. For this purpose, for example, two or more radiation energies E1 and E2 are used, which are then emitted by the X-ray system after irradiating the material flow 14 or the object 16 to be recycled.
- detector 24 The X-ray detector 24 outputs the radiographic images associated with the energies E1 and E2, for example to the processor.
- the radiographic images can be present as a multi-energy radiographic image or generally as a radiographic image.
- Radiographic images have the advantage that information such as a density of the object to be radiographed and thus also of the material flow 14 or the object 16 to be recycled as well as an atomic number of the material flow 14 or the object 16 to be recycled can be determined.
- the density and/or the atomic number is considered to be the first information.
- batteries such as lithium-ion batteries (cf. object 16 to be recycled)
- This first information 11 is determined by the processor 28 or taken from the respective radiographic image. Since the entire material flow 14 including the object 16 to be recycled is irradiated, each radiographic image can be assigned this information 11 to different areas, e.g.
- the processor 28 is also designed to determine I2.
- I2 represents structural information, such as the geometry of an object 16 in the material flow 14 or the location or position.
- the processor 28 is designed to recognize/mark a connected area in each radiographic image, e.g. consisting of several pixels, and to analyze this area with regard to position, location, size, geometry.
- the geometry of the object 16 to be recycled or the battery can be recognized. Batteries often have a cylindrical shape.
- the processor 28 can recognize and mark such typical geometries.
- a first feature M1 is derived from the information 11 relating to the density or atomic number, while a second feature M2 is derived from the information 12 relating to the geometry or generally the structural information.
- the two features M1, M2 can each have different characteristics, whereby the combination of the characteristics enables recognition according to embodiments.
- Recognition takes place according to a Kl algorithm or a trained algorithm.
- the algorithm is implemented on the processor 28 and trained using learning data either in advance or during operation.
- the processor 28 can access a database, e.g. one in an internal Memory or an external storage (server) stored database.
- An external database offers the advantage that the large data base for training the Kl algorithm can be increased by several interconnected Kl algorithms or similar sorting systems.
- the method 100 comprises the three basic steps 110, 120 and 130.
- An optional step 140 can then be provided.
- the material flow 14, which includes, for example, the lithium-ion battery 16 is conveyed through the sorting system 10 by means of the conveying means 12.
- step 120 the material flow is irradiated using two different energies in order to obtain the irradiation images.
- steps 110 and 120 are repeated continuously according to embodiments, namely for ever new material flow sections, so that ever new multi-energy X-ray images are taken of further or shifted sections.
- step 130 either the one multi-energy X-ray image or the plurality of multi-energy X-ray images associated with several samples can be analyzed.
- This step is provided with the reference number 130 and includes the recognition using a KI algorithm of one or more areas that have a component to be recycled, such as a battery, lithium-ion battery or battery cell/lithium-ion battery cell.
- the recognition 130 takes place, as already explained above, on the basis of the first or second feature M1/M2.
- the first and second features can be used in combination.
- the combination means that both features are equivalent, i.e. evaluated together.
- an evaluation according to the first feature and a confirmation by the second feature or an evaluation according to the second feature and a confirmation by the first feature would also be conceivable.
- further features can also be added in accordance with further embodiments.
- Detected objects to be recycled such as lithium-ion batteries
- information is output to the effect that there is a high probability that a corresponding feature to be recycled, such as a lithium-ion battery, is present.
- the position of the object 16 in the material flow 14 can also be specified, whereby, based on the material flow movement 12b, the position can also include information regarding the speed, direction of movement, etc.
- step 140 the detected object 16 is sorted out accordingly, i.e. separated from the remaining material flow 14, e.g. by a pneumatic device or a gripper arm.
- these sorting means are provided with the reference number 30.
- the system 10 from Fig. 1 uses multi-energy X-ray technology 20 to irradiate a waste stream 14 on, for example, a conveyor belt 12 and thus detect LIBs 16 in the material stream 14 even with a high material thickness and in different devices.
- a machine learning (ML)-based approach is used. This uses at least the first feature M1 and second structural feature M2 or the corresponding sub-features for this.
- the algorithm is trained with a large number of learning data. This step is optional and is provided with the reference number 135 in Fig. 2.
- a large number of multi-energy X-ray images are assigned to different material streams or different Material streams with objects to be detected, such as LIBs, are provided and labeled in advance or afterwards.
- the first feature M1 is determined on the basis of the first information, while the feature M2 is determined on the basis of the second structural information. As already mentioned above, several pieces of information can be used for each feature M1 and M2. It would also be conceivable for each feature to be broken down into sub-features.
- the ML processor or processor 28 trained with ML classifies the devices 16 found into classes (such as power banks, cell phones, etc.) according to further embodiments. This means that a differentiation can also be made between individual objects 16 detected in this way.
- the algorithm can also be designed in such a way that different objects are recognized and kept apart. This is also done by combining the information from the multi-energy X-ray image (X-ray data based on density and atomic number) with that of the object recognition (shape, attenuation, information about e.g. installed electronics, etc.).
- the multi-energy X-ray imaging technology is installed as far forward as possible in the direction of material flow (cf. 12b) in the sorting system in order to detect dangerous elements, such as LIBs, as early as possible.
- the feature is always compared with a typical "target value", i.e. the probability that a correspondingly sought-after object, such as a LIB, is present is given when the atomic number or density is extremely high.
- Embodiments of the present invention are used primarily in the recycling industry.
- Various material flows in the industry can be addressed. These include, for example, the material flow of lightweight packaging (LVP), waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), industrial or municipal waste.
- LVP lightweight packaging
- WEEE waste electrical and electronic equipment
- aspects have been described in the context of a device, it is to be understood that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or component of a device can also be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspects described in the context of or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
- Some or all of the method steps can be performed by a hardware apparatus (or using a hardware apparatus), such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the key method steps can be performed by such an apparatus.
- Some embodiments according to the invention thus comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is carried out.
- an embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program that has a program code for carrying out one of the methods described herein when the computer program runs on a computer.
- a further embodiment of the methods according to the invention is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein is recorded.
- a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals which represents or represents the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein.
- the data stream or the sequence of signals can, for example, be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
- a further embodiment comprises a processing device, for example a computer or a programmable logic device, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.
- a processing device for example a computer or a programmable logic device, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.
- a further embodiment comprises a computer on which the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein is installed.
- a further embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system which is designed to transmit a computer program for carrying out at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver.
- the transmission can be carried out electronically or optically, for example.
- the receiver can for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device.
- the device or system may, for example, comprise a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.
- a programmable logic device e.g., a field programmable gate array, an FPGA
- a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform any of the methods described herein.
- the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be general-purpose hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the method such as an ASIC.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23168070.3A EP4446020A1 (de) | 2023-04-14 | 2023-04-14 | Sortiergerät, sortierverfahren, sowie computerprogramm |
| PCT/EP2024/060171 WO2024213789A1 (de) | 2023-04-14 | 2024-04-15 | Sortiergerät, sortioerverfahren, sowie computerprogramm |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4695032A1 true EP4695032A1 (de) | 2026-02-18 |
Family
ID=86051929
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23168070.3A Withdrawn EP4446020A1 (de) | 2023-04-14 | 2023-04-14 | Sortiergerät, sortierverfahren, sowie computerprogramm |
| EP24719531.6A Pending EP4695032A1 (de) | 2023-04-14 | 2024-04-15 | Sortiergerät, sortioerverfahren, sowie computerprogramm |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23168070.3A Withdrawn EP4446020A1 (de) | 2023-04-14 | 2023-04-14 | Sortiergerät, sortierverfahren, sowie computerprogramm |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260034566A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP4446020A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026514129A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20260002930A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2024256016A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024213789A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105445290A (zh) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-30 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | X射线产品质量在线检测装置 |
| WO2018200866A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-01 | UHV Technologies, Inc. | Material sorting using a vision system |
| US11660642B1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2023-05-30 | Linev Systems Us, Inc. | Method and apparatus for automatic sorting of unmarked power cells |
-
2023
- 2023-04-14 EP EP23168070.3A patent/EP4446020A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-04-15 EP EP24719531.6A patent/EP4695032A1/de active Pending
- 2024-04-15 WO PCT/EP2024/060171 patent/WO2024213789A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-15 KR KR1020257038279A patent/KR20260002930A/ko active Pending
- 2024-04-15 AU AU2024256016A patent/AU2024256016A1/en active Pending
- 2024-04-15 JP JP2025560064A patent/JP2026514129A/ja active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-10-14 US US19/357,587 patent/US20260034566A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2026514129A (ja) | 2026-05-01 |
| AU2024256016A1 (en) | 2025-10-30 |
| US20260034566A1 (en) | 2026-02-05 |
| WO2024213789A1 (de) | 2024-10-17 |
| EP4446020A1 (de) | 2024-10-16 |
| KR20260002930A (ko) | 2026-01-06 |
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