EP4689717A1 - Optische empfangseinheit für ein lidar-system, lidar-system für ein fahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems - Google Patents
Optische empfangseinheit für ein lidar-system, lidar-system für ein fahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4689717A1 EP4689717A1 EP24716386.8A EP24716386A EP4689717A1 EP 4689717 A1 EP4689717 A1 EP 4689717A1 EP 24716386 A EP24716386 A EP 24716386A EP 4689717 A1 EP4689717 A1 EP 4689717A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- receiving
- plane
- optical
- lens element
- lidar system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
Definitions
- the application relates to an optical receiving unit for a lidar system for a vehicle, a lidar system for a vehicle and a method for operating such a lidar system in a vehicle.
- Modern vehicles have a variety of sensor systems whose data is used to inform the driver and/or is made available to driver assistance systems.
- the sensor systems record the vehicle's surroundings and other road users. Based on the recorded data, a model of the vehicle's surroundings can be created and changes in this vehicle's surroundings can be responded to.
- a Lidar system has an optical transmitter unit and an optical receiver unit.
- the transmitter unit can emit transmitted light, which can be pulsed.
- laser beams in the ultraviolet, visual or infrared range can be used in particular.
- the receiver unit can receive the transmitted light as received light after reflection from an object in a detection area in the vicinity of the Lidar system.
- the received light can be evaluated using the transmitted signal by a computing unit of the Lidar system using a time-of-flight method and the spatial position and distance of the objects on which the reflection occurred can be determined. In addition, it is possible to determine a relative speed.
- reflection or reflected light is understood to mean any light that is thrown back and is intended in particular to also include light reflected by scattering or absorption emission.
- So-called time-of-flight (TOF) systems can be used in particular to determine the distance to objects.
- the lidar system can be designed as a system that works with flashes of light, a so-called flash lidar.
- An area of an environment can be illuminated with a flash of light and the reception signals reflected from any objects can be recorded with the receiving device.
- Scanning lidar systems emit light beams that move in a scanning direction.
- Point scanners illuminate areas of the surrounding area point by point.
- Line scanners illuminate areas of the surrounding area line by line.
- Receiving sensors of lidar systems can have several receiving elements, so-called pixels, and the pixels can be configured to receive received light from different receiving angles.
- Lidar systems are constantly being developed for various functions, e.g. for the acquisition of environmental information in the near and far range of vehicles, such as passenger cars or commercial vehicles.
- Lidar systems can also serve as sensor systems for driver assistance systems, in particular assistance systems for autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle control. They can be used in particular to detect obstacles and/or other road users in the front, rear or blind spot area of a vehicle.
- DE102020130492A1 describes a lidar system for a vehicle.
- the receiver includes one or more light intensity sensors; and one or more lens assemblies configured with respect to the one or more light intensity sensors such that at least one sensor plane of the one or more light intensity sensors is tilted to form a non-zero angle with at least one equivalent lens plane of the one or more lens assemblies, wherein the sensor focal plane is translated to be aligned with the main light illumination direction of the light source of the lidar system and to be consistent with the direction of movement of the vehicle.
- An optical receiving unit for a lidar system for a vehicle has a receiving sensor which is designed to receive received light on a receiving path.
- the receiving unit also has a lens element which is arranged in the receiving path.
- An optical receiving plane of the receiving sensor is inclined relative to an optical plane of the lens element such that a multiple reflection of the received light between the receiving sensor and the lens element strikes the receiving plane outside the receiving path.
- the receiving sensor is designed to convert incident light into an electrical signal.
- the lens element comprises optical elements such as one or more lenses and/or one or more optical filters, in particular an optical bandpass filter.
- the optical plane is the (virtual) plane in which the receiving sensor is arranged. It extends as a plane beyond the receiving sensor. It can also be referred to as the image plane.
- the received light is received by the optical receiving unit on the receiving path.
- the received light is directed, for example, by the lens element on the receiving path, e.g. on the receiving sensor, and bundled, e.g. on the receiving sensor.
- the described optical receiving unit can reduce blooming. Blooming is also referred to as optical crosstalk. Blooming can produce undesirable optical effects that can be caused by reflections between the receiving sensor and the lens element, in particular a bandpass filter.
- the described inclination can direct the reflections out of the receiving path so that blooming, e.g. local overexposure, can be reduced within the receiving path.
- the inclination is chosen in such a way that the reflections generated by the receiving sensor itself are not reflected back into the receiving path via the lens element, but intersect the image plane outside the receiving path.
- the receiving plane of the receiving sensor is inclined relative to the optical plane of the lens element such that a multiple reflection of the received light between the receiving sensor and the lens element outside the receiving sensor hits the receiving plane. This can cause the reflections generated by the receiving sensor itself not to be reflected back onto the receiving sensor, but to intersect the image plane outside the receiving sensor.
- the receiving sensor therefore has several receiving elements that can be activated to receive received light, wherein the receiving path for receiving received light has at least one activated receiving element.
- the receiving elements also called pixels, can be set up to receive received light from different receiving angles.
- Activation of a receiving element can, for example, involve switching the receiving element from a non-receiving state to a receiving state, for example by changing a bias voltage. Deactivation can accordingly be carried out by targeted control and/or by switching off automatically after a certain period of time.
- the receiving elements are arranged in rows and can be assigned to the receiving path row by row. This can correspond to a row-by-row assignment to a corresponding, e.g. row-like, area in the detection area of the lidar system.
- the assignment to the receiving path through the corresponding activation of the receiving elements can correspond to a targeted illumination of the corresponding, e.g. row-like, area in the detection area by transmitted light from the lidar system.
- the lines can run longitudinally, in particular parallel, to the reception plane and/or the optical plane of the lens element. This makes it possible to combine two advantages: a focal plane of the lidar system that is inclined with respect to the ground in front of the vehicle and a deflection of Multiple reflections on non-activated receiving elements of the receiving sensor.
- the receiving plane is inclined relative to the optical plane of the lens element such that a multiple reflection of the received light between the receiving sensor and the lens element hits non-activated receiving elements of the receiving sensor.
- the optical plane of the lens element corresponds to its lens plane, with the lens plane forming the plane through the center of the lens element, perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the inclination of the image plane in relation to the lens element preferably follows the Scheimpflug principle. This means that a focal plane of the lidar system is also inclined relative to the lens element.
- the reception plane, the optical plane of the lens element and a focal plane of the reception unit intersect in a straight line.
- a focal plane is the plane in the object space of the lens element whose points are sharply imaged by the lens element as points on the image plane, i.e. the reception plane, in the image space of the lens element.
- the application also relates to a lidar system with one of the optical receiving units described above.
- the object space lies in the detection range of the lidar system.
- the lidar system can also have an optical transmission unit with a transmission light source for emitting transmitted light and a transmission lens element.
- the transmission lens element is arranged in a transmission path of the transmitted light.
- a transmission plane which runs vertically to the transmission direction of the transmitted light, is inclined relative to an optical plane of the transmission lens element.
- the optical plane of the transmission lens element corresponds to its lens plane, with the lens plane forming the plane through the center of the transmission lens element, perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the inclination of the optical plane of the transmission lens element to the transmission plane can also correspond to the Scheimpflug principle.
- the optical receiving unit and the optical transmitting unit of such a lidar system can be designed such that in the receiving unit the angle of inclination between the receiving plane and the optical plane of the lens element essentially corresponds to the angle of inclination between the direction of the transmitted light and the optical plane of the transmitted lens element in the transmitting unit.
- the transmitting plane and the receiving plane can run longitudinally, in particular parallel, to each other, so that the lens element and the transmitting lens element can have the same inclination.
- the lidar system can further comprise a computing unit which is set up to activate the receiving elements of the receiving sensor in the receiving path depending on the transmitted light. This allows the receiving elements that are in the transmitted light path to be specifically activated with knowledge of the angle of inclination between the receiving sensor and the lens element. Receiving elements outside the transmitted light path can be deactivated if necessary or left non-activated so that multiple reflections hit non-activated receiving elements, i.e. hit the receiving plane outside the receiving path.
- the computing unit of the lidar system can activate the receiving elements row by row.
- a vehicle may include one or more of the lidar systems described above.
- the lidar system or systems may be coupled to one or more control systems of the vehicle.
- the control systems may be connected to, for example, the drive system, the steering system, the braking system, and control various vehicle functions, e.g., lane keeping, collision warning, and others, using information received from the lidar system.
- the computing unit activates the receiving elements in the receiving path depending on the transmitted light.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a vehicle with Lidar system
- Fig. 2 schematically shows an inclination from the receiving plane to the optical plane of the lens element
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic of a receiving sensor with sensor elements.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a vehicle 100, for example a passenger car, with a lidar system 10.
- the lidar system 10 has an optical transmitting device 12 and an optical receiving device 14 with a receiving sensor 16.
- the optical transmitting device 12 has a transmitted light source 19, e.g. a laser or LED, by which the transmitted light 20 is generated.
- the lidar system shown has a transmitting optical path, also called a transmitting path, and a receiving optical path, also called a receiving path.
- the transmitted light 20 spreads over the transmitting path.
- the received light 22 spreads over the receiving path.
- the transmitting lens element 21 is located in the transmission path and is designed to influence the optical properties, e.g. its direction, of the transmitted light 20 after it has been emitted by the transmitted light source 19.
- the transmitting lens element 21 can have, for example, one or more lenses and/or optical filters, in particular a bandpass filter.
- the received light 22 is converted into its optical properties and, for example, focused on the receiving sensor 16.
- the lens element 24 can, for example, have one or more lenses and/or optical filters for this purpose.
- a controller can monitor and control a transmission process of transmitted light 20 and a reception process of received light 22 in the receiving unit 14.
- the controller can evaluate transmitted light 20 and received light 22 for detection, distance determination and/or speed determination of an object 0 located in the detection area 30.
- the controller can be arranged, for example, on a computing unit 18 with processor and memory of the lidar system 10 and implemented on such a unit, for example as software.
- the lidar system 10 is arranged in a front area of the vehicle 100.
- the detection area 30 is located in front of the front area of the vehicle 100. This means that in the example shown, an area in the direction of travel in front of the vehicle 100 can be monitored. It is also possible to arrange the lidar system 10 in other areas of the vehicle 100, for example in the rear area and/or in side areas. It is also possible to arrange several lidar systems 10 on the vehicle 100, in particular in corner areas of the vehicle 100.
- the detection area 30 is scanned successively by the transmitted light 20, e.g. point by point, line by line or area by area.
- the detection area 30 can be illuminated as a whole or in parts at the same time.
- stationary or moving objects O in particular vehicles, people, animals, plants, obstacles, road surface irregularities, in particular potholes or stones, road markings, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like, can be detected in the detection area 30.
- the distance to the object O and/or the direction in which the object O is located can be determined.
- a relative speed to the object O and/or properties of the object O can be determined.
- Information about properties of the object O can be obtained, for example, by determining the phase shift of the received light 22 compared to the transmitted light 20.
- Modulation methods such as AMCW (AMCW: Amplitude Modulated Continuous Wave) or FMCW (FMCW: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) can be used to determine the phase shift.
- the lidar system 10 can also be designed as a TOF system for determining distance, for example.
- a TOF system uses the time of flight of light to determine a distance. It can thus be used as a distance measuring device for measuring the distance to an object 0.
- a design as a direct TOF system, dTOF, or indirect TOF system, iTOF, is conceivable.
- a direct TOF system uses a direct measurement of the time of flight of light to determine the distance to an object 0.
- An indirect TOF system uses a measure derived from the time of flight of light, e.g. a phase difference between transmitted light 20 and received light 22, to determine the distance.
- Reception paths via which the reception sensor 16 can receive reception light 22 can also be referred to as the FOV (field of view) of the reception sensor.
- FOV field of view
- the FOV of the reception sensor 16 can be changed, e.g. by targeted activation and/or deactivation of reception elements Px of the reception sensor 16.
- the activation of the reception elements Px can be carried out, e.g., by the computing unit 18.
- the optical transmission unit 12 is designed to adapt the emitted transmission light 20 to the FOV of the receiving sensor 16. This means that, for example, the transmission light 20 is emitted into those areas of the detection area 30 that can currently be received by the receiving sensor 16. Such control of the FOV of the receiving sensor 16 and the corresponding adaptation of the transmission light 20 can be carried out, for example, by the computing unit 18.
- the totality of the reception paths via which the receiving sensor 16 can receive received light 22 can correspond to the detection area 30 of the lidar system 10 and is also referred to as the FOV (field of view) of the lidar system 10.
- Figure 2 schematically shows the tilting of the optical plane 25 of the lens element 24 relative to the optical reception plane 17 of the reception sensor 16.
- the optical plane 25 of the lens element 24 is tilted by an angle 38 relative to the optical reception plane.
- the tilting takes place, for example, in a vertical direction as viewed from the vehicle 100, so that the plane of focus 32, also called the focal plane, of the lidar system 10 is tilted towards the road as viewed from the vehicle 100.
- Figure 2 shows further planes of focus 34, 36 of the lidar system 10.
- the tilting by the angle 38 follows the Scheimpflug principle.
- This principle states that the optical plane 25 of the lens element 24 and the sensor plane 17 intersect in the straight line 28 with the plane from which a sharp image on the receiving sensor 16 is possible. This applies, for example, to the focal planes 32, 34, 36 shown.
- the focal planes 32, 34, 36 are in the focus of the optical arrangement and are therefore also called focal planes.
- Such an inclination of the focal planes 32, 34, 36 is very well suited to an application in the vehicle 100, where the ground conditions can play a major role.
- a sharper image can be achieved in the near range, which can be advantageous for near-field lidar systems, for example.
- received light 22 which is reflected at the receiving sensor 16 and reflected back by the receiving lens 24 in the direction of the receiving plane 17, hits the receiving plane 17 at a different point than received light 22 on the receiving path, which hits the receiving sensor 16 directly.
- the inclination angle 38 can now be selected, for example, so that the multiply reflected light no longer hits the receiving sensor 16 at all. This is possible, for example, with receiving sensors 16 with a small spatial extent.
- the light-sensitive receiving elements Px of the receiving sensor 16 can be designed in particular as CMOS chips. Other designs of the receiving elements Px are conceivable, e.g. as avalanche photodiodes (APD) or as so-called single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD).
- the receiving elements Px can be controlled in relation to their readiness to receive. In particular, the readiness to receive can be specifically switched on and off again, e.g. by the computing unit 18. This corresponds to activation and, if necessary, deactivation. Independent deactivation of the pixels a certain time after activation is also conceivable.
- Individual receiving elements Px of the receiving sensor 16, also called pixels, can have different FOV.
- individual receiving elements Px can receive received light 22 from different directions.
- the activation of the receiving elements Px of the receiving sensor 16 takes place in sections.
- the scanning, including the recording of light and conversion into electrical signals, by the receiving sensor 16 therefore takes place in sections which correspond to the respectively activated receiving elements Px.
- Activated receiving elements Px are shown in Figure 3 with a checkered hatching.
- FIG 3 shows an embodiment in which the activated sections are aligned horizontally line by line.
- the activated receiving elements Px are each located in the currently activated receiving path.
- the angle 38 is selected such that reflections on the receiving sensor 16 and back reflections on the lens element 24 outside the activated section, vertically offset in the specific embodiment, hit the receiving sensor 16.
- This non-activated section is not ready to receive and therefore does not produce any disruptive effects.
- the vertical deviation depends on the inclination of the lens element 24 in the direction of the horizontal, see Figure 2.
- the vertical inclination therefore has two advantageous effects on the lidar system 10. On the one hand, an inclination of the focal planes 32, 34, 36 relative to the ground and, on the other hand, a deflection of the multiple reflections into the vertical.
- the angle of inclination 38 between the receiving plane 17 and the lens element 24 is selected such that a reflection at the receiving sensor 16 of the received light 22 arriving on the receiving path is matched by a back reflection at the lens element 24 passes from one (activated) receiving element 42 to another (deactivated) receiving element 40.
- This is shown in Figure 3 with a solid line for the activated receiving element 42 and with a dashed line for the non-active receiving element 40. It is also possible to activate the pixels of the horizontal sections individually or in groups in a horizontal direction one after the other.
- Blooming artifacts can be prevented or at least reduced using the proposed optical receiving unit 14.
- Optical crosstalk in the form of blooming due to reflections from the receiving sensor 16 and the lens element 24 can be reduced. Falsification of measured values due to this optical crosstalk, e.g. due to falsification of phase information in indirect measurements such as FMCW and AMCW, can be reduced or false positive results can be better avoided. It is also possible to better avoid false positive results in direct TOF measurements.
- the transmitting lens element 21 is inclined relative to the transmitting light source 19 by an angle, preferably by an angle of the same size as the angle 38. Both angles can be selected so that they satisfy the Scheimpflug principle.
- the inclination of the transmitting lens element 21 is determined relative to a transmitting plane which is perpendicular to the transmitting light 20 at the transmitting light source 19. The transmitting plane can be selected so that it runs parallel to the receiving plane 17.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023108881.5A DE102023108881A1 (de) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-04-06 | Optische empfangseinheit für ein lidar-system, lidar-system für ein fahrzeug sowie verfahren zu betreiben eines lidar-systems |
| PCT/EP2024/059011 WO2024208871A1 (de) | 2023-04-06 | 2024-04-03 | Optische empfangseinheit für ein lidar-system, lidar-system für ein fahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4689717A1 true EP4689717A1 (de) | 2026-02-11 |
Family
ID=90718668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24716386.8A Pending EP4689717A1 (de) | 2023-04-06 | 2024-04-03 | Optische empfangseinheit für ein lidar-system, lidar-system für ein fahrzeug sowie verfahren zum betreiben eines lidar-systems |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4689717A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120917337A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023108881A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024208871A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8836922B1 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2014-09-16 | Google Inc. | Devices and methods for a rotating LIDAR platform with a shared transmit/receive path |
| JP7169272B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-16 | 2022-11-10 | イノヴィズ テクノロジーズ リミテッド | Lidarシステム及び方法 |
| DE102018203534A1 (de) | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-12 | Ibeo Automotive Systems GmbH | Empfängeranordnung zum Empfang von Lichtimpulsen, LiDAR-Modul und Verfahren zum Empfangen von Lichtimpulsen |
| US11592574B2 (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2023-02-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | LiDAR vision systems |
| DE102020130492A1 (de) | 2020-11-18 | 2022-05-19 | Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag. | Temperiersystem für eine Diffusionszelle, Diffusionszelle, Diffusionszellensystem, sowie Verfahren zur Temperierung in einer Diffusionszelle |
-
2023
- 2023-04-06 DE DE102023108881.5A patent/DE102023108881A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-03 EP EP24716386.8A patent/EP4689717A1/de active Pending
- 2024-04-03 WO PCT/EP2024/059011 patent/WO2024208871A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-03 CN CN202480022505.XA patent/CN120917337A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120917337A (zh) | 2025-11-07 |
| WO2024208871A1 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
| DE102023108881A1 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
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