EP4669788A1 - Procédé de pilotage d'une installation contenant plusieurs électrolyseurs - Google Patents
Procédé de pilotage d'une installation contenant plusieurs électrolyseursInfo
- Publication number
- EP4669788A1 EP4669788A1 EP24724091.4A EP24724091A EP4669788A1 EP 4669788 A1 EP4669788 A1 EP 4669788A1 EP 24724091 A EP24724091 A EP 24724091A EP 4669788 A1 EP4669788 A1 EP 4669788A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolysers
- installation
- load
- miel
- operating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the production of dihydrogen and dioxygen.
- dihydrogen there are several methods of producing dihydrogen. The most advantageous is to electrolyze the water molecule because it is a high-yield reaction that does not directly produce CO2, unlike the massively used processes of methane, coal and hydrocarbon reforming.
- AWE alkaline electrolysers
- PEM membrane electrolysers
- the electrolyte of which is a proton-conducting ion exchange membrane In all three cases, the system must be supplied with very high-purity water (supplying, in the case of alkaline electrolysers, an electrolytic solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH)).
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- an electrolytic solution (commonly referred to by the English term lye) is brought into a set of electrolytic cells (known as an electrolyser stack) through a specific inlet.
- the electrolytic solution passes through the electrolyser stack.
- the water is decomposed into gaseous molecules of dihydrogen H2, at the cathode, and dioxygen 02, at the anode.
- a diaphragm generally separates the anode from the cathode so that, under normal conditions, the dihydrogen and dioxygen do not mix.
- the installation comprises an outlet for the dihydrogen and the electrolyte circulating on the cathode side (catholyte) and an outlet for the dioxygen and the electrolyte circulating on the anode side (anolyte).
- these are two separate streams so that there is a gas-liquid separator dedicated to the separation of dihydrogen from the catholyte, and a gas-liquid separator for the separation of dioxygen from the anolyte.
- the liquid outputs of the two gas-liquid separators are then mixed before feeding the electrolyzer stack again. In both streams, at the outlet of the electrolyzer stack, the liquid phase (lye) is loaded in gas bubbles.
- the device produces little or no polluting emissions during its operation
- the device is simple, efficient, reliable and relatively space-saving... Moreover, the energy efficiency of the installation is not the only issue when considering operating costs. Indeed, objectives
- the invention aims in particular to improve all or part of the energy aspects of an installation containing several electrolysers.
- the invention provides a method for optimizing the control of an installation containing several electrolysers in parallel (hereinafter referred to as “MIEL-S”).
- the essential characteristic of the method of the invention is that the control is carried out to homogenize the individual loads of the electrolysers in operation while tending to minimize the specific consumption of the installation for a predetermined total production load of dihydrogen or for availability of an electrical supply power of the installation.
- the installation can have optimal performance while promoting responsiveness and flexibility of the whole and taking into account elsewhere the constraints in terms of availability of the electrolysers (called “ELY” in the remainder of the document) with respect to, for example, the maintenance program of the installation.
- the invention also makes it possible to exploit a strategy for maximizing the electrical power consumed by the "MIEL-S” for a given production of dihydrogen in order to maximize the range of regulation of electrical power absorbed within the framework of the electrical network regulation service (local or not).
- Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge upon reading the following description of particular and non-limiting modes of implementation of the invention.
- MIEL-S be a set of N a priori identical electrolysers (Multi Identical ELectolyzor System) and capable of operating a number “n” of electrolysers, “n” ranging from 0 to N.
- Figure 1 is a characteristic curve of the individual specific consumption of one of the multiple identical electrolysers of the MIEL-S;
- FIG. 2 shows a network of N HOLOS curves.
- Each curve in the graph is associated with a number "n", where n can be equal to a value between 1 and N electrolysers in operation within the "MIEL-S" system, which includes N electrolysers in total.
- the n electrolysers in operation follow a "HOLOS" strategy and the other Nn electrolysers in the MIEL-S system are stopped (or on standby).
- the network of curves therefore shows the specific consumption ( kWh/Nm 3 ) of the MIEL-S as a function of the system load and the number "n" of electrolysers in operation, considering that the operating strategy is always of the HOLOS type regardless of the number "n".
- a HOLOS type strategy will always be based on this network of curves.
- An operating strategy not based on this network of curves is not of the HOLOS type;
- Figure 3 is analogous to Figure 2 and shows the intersections of the curves with each other. These intersection points are called the "HOLOS points". There are 2*N intersection points. These HOLOS points are numbered from 1 to 2*N in order of occurrence during a ramp-up of the MIEL-S system;
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the position of the 2*N “HOLOS points” on the individual specific consumption characteristic of the multiple identical electrolysers of the MIEL-S;
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the evolution of the charge of the electrolysers within the MIEL-S during the occurrences of the 2*N HOLOS points;
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the relative load ratio at consecutive HOLOS points during a monotonic ramp-up of the MIEL-S;
- FIG. 8 Figure 8 is analogous to Figure 2 and shows the best efficiency curve (BEL) for electrolysers considered “invisible” in groups of four in terms of load;
- Figure 10 is analogous to Figure 9 and shows the worst-case efficiency curve (HOLOS-type WEL) under the HOLOS strategy;
- Figure 12 is analogous to Figure 9 and shows the curve maximizing the number of electrolysers in operation (T MEO L) for a given load of the MIEL-S and aiming to maintain a HOLOS type strategy;
- Figure 13 shows the number of electrolysers in operation as a function of the MIEL-S load and this for the different HOLOS strategies mentioned above;
- Figure 14 shows an example of the desired hydrogen production curve of the plant as a function of time and plant load
- Figure 15 is similar to Figure 14 and additionally shows the response curve in terms of the number of electrolysers in operation when the strategy followed is of the “BEL” type;
- Figure 16 is similar to Figure 14 and also shows the response curve in terms of specific consumption when the strategy followed is of the “BEL” type;
- Figure 17 is similar to Figure 14 and also shows the response curve in terms of power consumed by the installation when the strategy followed is of the “BEL” type.
- the invention is obviously applicable to any other nominal capacity of the electrolyzers (typically from 1 Nm 3 /h to 4000 Nm 3 /h, in particular between 100 Nm 3 /h and 2000 Nm 3 /h, in particular from 500 Nm 3 /h to 1500 Nm 3 /h).
- the first part of this description sets out a methodology for establishing different operating strategies for a MIEL-S, answering, for example, the following questions:
- This first part is based on an idealized approach to reality, taking into account only the theoretical behavior of the installation at the start of its life (BOL) to define a strategy for optimizing its management.
- the second part of this description aims to complete this approach with "non-ideal" phenomena such as the impact of performance degradation over time on piloting optimization.
- This strategy is based on the principle that for a given number of ELYs in operation out of the twenty-four in the installation (MIEL-S), they will minimize the electrical consumption of the installation for a given total production load by all being at the same individual production load. Furthermore, in Figure 2, twenty-four specific consumption curves are considered. They are all of the HOLOS type. The first one mentioned above relates to the case where the twenty-four ELYs are in operation. The other twenty-three curves correspond to 23, 22, 21, ..., 3, 2, 1 ELY in operation, therefore following a HOLOS strategy (i.e. the individual loads of the electrolysers in operation are identical to each other).
- the next step is to define when to stop or start an ELY when the load of the MIEL-S installation varies.
- This is the subject of Figure 3 which shows the intersections of the curves HOLOS (24) with HOLOS (23); HOLOS (23) with HOLOS (22); ...; HOLOS (2) with HOLOS (1).
- the production loads at said intersections are in reality the percentages of production load of the installation (MIEL-S) at which it is theoretically appropriate to vary the number of ELYs in operation in order to minimize the specific consumption of the system.
- the envelope curve BEL defines the lower limit of the set of specific consumption curves.
- the individual loads of the ELYs of the installation when the number of ELYs in operation changes at the installation level are shown in Figure 5.
- the chronology of the numbers shown on the graph corresponds to a ramp-up of the MIEL-S installation starting with an ELY operating at MSOL (point 1).
- This ELY ramps up, following the Cs curve up to point 2, when a second ELY must be started to minimize the specific consumption Cs while continuing to increase the load of the installation (MIEL-S).
- MIEL-S the individual load of the two ELYs is positioned “instantaneously” at point 3.
- the individual loads thus continue to evolve towards points 4, 5, 6, 7, ..., 46, 47.
- These points are called “HOLOS points” in the following.
- the start-up/ramp-up times of each additional electrolyser are neglected here: this is a static optimization in steady state.
- the graph in Figure 6 shows the evolution of the “HOLOS points” located “to the left and right” of the BEP.
- the WEL corresponds to a two-phase implementation. Considering a monotonic load decrease and starting from an initial situation where the MIEL_S is at full load (all ELYs being at 100% load), during phase 1, the load decrease is organized as follows: a number i (i ranging from N-l to 0) of ELYs at 100%, a number equal to N-i-1 of ELYs at MSOL and an ELY adjusting the load of the installation with its own load. When this ELY reaches MSOL, i becomes i-1 and one of the ELYs operating at 100% load starts to regulate, alone in turn, the load of the MIEL-S. Phase 1 leads to a final situation where the N ELYs are all at MSOL.
- Phase 2 therefore begins with an initial situation which is the final situation of phase 1, namely all N ELYs at MSOL.
- the continuation of the load reduction is managed as follows: a number j (j ranging from N-2 to 0) of ELYs at MSOL, a number equal to Nj-1 of ELYs are stopped (or on standby) and an ELY adjusts the load of the installation with its own load.
- this ELY reaches MSOL, it is shut down (or put on standby), and j becomes j-1.
- Phase 2 results in a final situation where the N ELYs are all shut down (or put on standby).
- the graph in Figure 10 shows a deliberately degraded alternative to the Best efficiency line: the "Worst Efficiency Line - HOLOS". Although this alternative still considers a HOLOS approach, it ignores the "HOLOS points" defined above. Indeed, considering for example the case of a monotonic decrease in load and starting from the case of twenty-four ELYs at 100% load, the strategy followed consists of stopping the ELYs as early as possible, one by one, thus leaving the other ELYs to operate at a relatively high individual load and this permanently.
- a second phase of this strategy consists, when the load of the installation is low enough to cross the HOLOS curve (N), in restarting all the N (N being twenty-four) ELYs to make them all operate at a very low individual load, where the individual specific consumptions are less good.
- N the load of the installation is low enough to cross the HOLOS curve (N)
- N the HOLOS curve
- the rest of the illustration also considers stopping the ELYs one by one until the situation where only one ELY is in operation and goes down to its MSOL.
- This strategy consists of stopping an ELY as early as possible once the total production load of the MIEL-S installation allows it, while being part of a HOLOS strategy.
- the number of electrolysers operating simultaneously is therefore reduced to the minimum number necessary to provide the total production load of dihydrogen: the result is that the individual load of the electrolysers in operation is rather relatively high even when the total production load is relatively low.
- the primary optimisation objective concerns the number of electrolysers and the specific consumption is a secondary objective.
- This strategy is preferably used during plant maintenance operations that require stopping as many ELYs as possible or in case a rapid drop in a total production load is required.
- This strategy consists, during a monotonic drop in the MIEL-S load, in maintaining as many ELYs as possible in operation, while being part of a HOLOS strategy.
- an ELY is shut down (or on standby) and the MIEL-S then evolves to HOLOS (N-1).
- the continuation of the load drop is managed in an identical manner by successively switching from HOLOS (N-1) to HOLOS (N- (1+1) ) (1 going from 0 to N-2).
- the last ELY is shut down (or on standby) in turn.
- the individual load of the electrolysers in operation is relatively low when the total production load is low.
- This strategy can be used throughout the life of the installation, for example to mitigate the performance degradation related to the individual charge rate of the electrolysers. Furthermore, this strategy offers the widest operating range without stopping and starting (between 27% and 100%). This range without stopping/starting can be described as "SSL" (Start & Stop Less). This SSL range offers on the one hand a minimization of the degradation of performance due to start/stop occurrences and on the other hand a maximization of the reactivity of the system (thanks to the absence of an ELY stop/start procedure within the MIEL-S costly in terms of operating time) in the face of load variations which would have led, through other operating strategies, to ELY stops/starts increasing the degradation of performance and reducing the reactivity of the MIEL-S assembly.
- the electrolysers are controlled to operate at their optimum operating point a maximum number m of electrolysers less than the total number N of electrolysers, the maximum number m corresponding to a load of the installation varying within a range of operation below a maximum operating range of the installation involving the total number of electrolysers.
- the plant load can be managed using a first approach based on the production of dihydrogen or a second approach based on the availability of the electrical power supplying the plant.
- the description in this document assumes the first approach. Indeed, from the graph in Figure 1, the ordinate is expressed as a function of the dihydrogen production load. All the graphs and operating strategies described below are therefore expressed as a function of the dihydrogen production load. To consider the second approach, it is sufficient to reproduce the same reasoning as that used for the first approach, starting from an alternative to the graph in Figure 1 by expressing "the evolution of specific consumption as a function of the electrical load” instead of "the evolution of specific consumption as a function of the dihydrogen production load".
- the graphs are substantially similar in terms of appearance and lead to the same types of reasoning and analysis.
- Figure 13 therefore illustrates the first approach and represents the production of dihydrogen by the MIEL-S installation as a function of the number of ELYs in operation and according to different usable strategies, namely BEL, T LEO L, TMEO L (N), HOLOS WEL.
- Figure 14 shows the required production load of dihydrogen (thin continuous line) according to the first approach (profiles of different shapes were chosen to illustrate the adaptation of the production of the installation to these different profiles).
- Figure 15 shows this same charge of required production of dihydrogen (thin dotted line) on which we have superimposed the load produced in response by implementing the BEL strategy (thick red solid line) and the number of ELYs in operation (thick blue dashed line).
- Figure 16 shows this same required production load of dihydrogen (thin dotted line) on which we have superimposed the load produced in response by implementing the BEL strategy (thick solid line) and the specific consumption Cs of this strategy (thin blue solid line).
- Figure 17 shows the required production load of dihydrogen (thin dotted line) on which the load produced in response by implementing the BEL strategy (thick solid line) and the power of the MIEL-S installation (thin blue solid line) are superimposed.
- the cubic standard meter is considered at 0°C and 1 atm.
- the number of electrolysers may be less than or greater than twenty-four.
- the actual operating parameters are determined by monitoring the plant or by statistical analysis of existing plants.
- Each electrolyser can be equipped with its own power conversion device (rectifier).
- at least two stacks can be electrically connected in series (voltage addition).
- the method may comprise the step of defining a worst-case efficiency mode in which the load of the installation is adjusted by acting on the load of only one of the electrolysers, the other electrolysers being either at their maximum load, or at their minimum operating point, or at a standstill; and the step of controlling the installation between an optimal mode corresponding to the homogenisation of the individual loads of the electrolysers in operation and the worst-case efficiency mode.
- the Cs versus load curve is preferably representative of the complete installation (therefore including the 'Balance Of Plant') rather than that representative only of the electrolyser stack (and some of its loss mechanisms) since the end user is interested in the overall consumption (i.e. including the BOP).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2303991A FR3148042A1 (fr) | 2023-04-20 | 2023-04-20 | Procédé de pilotage d’une installation contenant plusieurs électrolyseurs |
| PCT/EP2024/060832 WO2024218362A1 (fr) | 2023-04-20 | 2024-04-19 | Procédé de pilotage d'une installation contenant plusieurs électrolyseurs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4669788A1 true EP4669788A1 (fr) | 2025-12-31 |
Family
ID=88584961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24724091.4A Pending EP4669788A1 (fr) | 2023-04-20 | 2024-04-19 | Procédé de pilotage d'une installation contenant plusieurs électrolyseurs |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4669788A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2026514677A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250174926A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121013920A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2024257966A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3148042A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024218362A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3027034B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de pilotage d'un systeme d'electrolyse prenant en compte la temperature des modules electrolyseurs dudit systeme d'electrolyse |
| KR20230014548A (ko) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-01-30 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 재생에너지 발전장치용 수전해 스택 모듈의 제어장치 및 방법과 이를 이용한 수전해 시스템 |
| EP4124674B1 (fr) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-09-04 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Installation d'électrolyseur comprenant une pluralité de modules d'électrolyseur et système permettant de commander le fonctionnement de l'installation d'électrolyseur |
| CN115044924B (zh) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-04-09 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | 一种串联变流器水电解制氢系统及控制方法 |
| CN115572990B (zh) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-10 | 长春吉电氢能有限公司 | 一种制氢系统及其控制方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-04-20 FR FR2303991A patent/FR3148042A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-19 EP EP24724091.4A patent/EP4669788A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-04-19 WO PCT/EP2024/060832 patent/WO2024218362A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-19 CN CN202480020177.XA patent/CN121013920A/zh active Pending
- 2024-04-19 KR KR1020257035762A patent/KR20250174926A/ko active Pending
- 2024-04-19 JP JP2025556536A patent/JP2026514677A/ja active Pending
- 2024-04-19 AU AU2024257966A patent/AU2024257966A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121013920A (zh) | 2025-11-25 |
| WO2024218362A1 (fr) | 2024-10-24 |
| AU2024257966A1 (en) | 2025-08-28 |
| JP2026514677A (ja) | 2026-05-13 |
| FR3148042A1 (fr) | 2024-10-25 |
| KR20250174926A (ko) | 2025-12-15 |
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