EP4666121A1 - Lasersystem und verfahren zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung durch wechselwirkung eines primärlaserstrahls mit einem targetmaterial - Google Patents
Lasersystem und verfahren zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung durch wechselwirkung eines primärlaserstrahls mit einem targetmaterialInfo
- Publication number
- EP4666121A1 EP4666121A1 EP24705425.7A EP24705425A EP4666121A1 EP 4666121 A1 EP4666121 A1 EP 4666121A1 EP 24705425 A EP24705425 A EP 24705425A EP 4666121 A1 EP4666121 A1 EP 4666121A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- laser
- focusing device
- primary
- raw
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/0621—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0668—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror having non-imaging properties
- G02B17/0673—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror having non-imaging properties for light condensing, e.g. for use with a light emitter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
- G21G4/02—Neutron sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
- H01J37/075—Electron guns using thermionic emission from cathodes heated by particle bombardment or by irradiation, e.g. by laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/08—Ion sources; Ion guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0071—Beam steering, e.g. whereby a mirror outside the cavity is present to change the beam direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/008—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/008—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation
- H05G2/0082—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation the energy-carrying beam being a laser beam
- H05G2/0084—Control of the laser beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/008—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation
- H05G2/0082—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation the energy-carrying beam being a laser beam
- H05G2/0086—Optical arrangements for conveying the laser beam to the plasma generation location
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/02—Details
- H01J2237/0203—Protection arrangements
- H01J2237/0213—Avoiding deleterious effects due to interactions between particles and tube elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
- H01J2237/06358—Secondary emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/08—Ion sources
- H01J2237/0815—Methods of ionisation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a laser system for generating secondary radiation by interaction of a focused primary laser beam with a target material, comprising a laser beam source for providing a raw laser beam which has ultrashort laser pulses, a beam guiding device for forming the focused primary laser beam from the raw laser beam, wherein the focused primary laser beam is directed at a target area in order to interact with a target material arranged in the target area, wherein the beam guiding device has a beam focusing device which is designed to form the primary laser beam by focusing a laser beam entering the beam focusing device, wherein the laser beam entering the beam focusing device is based on the raw laser beam or corresponds to the raw laser beam and wherein the beam focusing device has at least two spherical mirror elements spaced apart from one another.
- the invention further relates to a method for generating secondary radiation by interaction of a focused primary laser beam with a target material, in which the target material is arranged or is arranged in a target area, a raw laser beam is provided by means of a laser beam source, which has ultrashort laser pulses, the focused primary laser beam is formed from the raw laser beam by means of a beam guiding device, wherein the focused primary laser beam is directed at the target area and interacts with the target material arranged in the target area, wherein the beam guiding device has a beam focusing device which forms the primary laser beam by focusing a laser beam entering the beam focusing device, wherein the laser beam entering the beam focusing device is based on the raw laser beam or corresponds to the raw laser beam and wherein the beam focusing device has at least two spherical mirror elements spaced apart from one another.
- secondary sources defined as electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation that is generated by the interaction of a primary beam source (primary laser beam) and matter (target material).
- primary beam source primary laser beam
- matter target material
- the interaction mechanism ranges from nuclear reactions to beam scattering.
- EUV Extreme ultraviolet light
- the following secondary radiations can be generated with high-intensity lasers: electron radiation, photon/X-ray radiation, proton/ion radiation, neutron radiation and high harmonics.
- electron radiation photon/X-ray radiation
- proton/ion radiation proton/ion radiation
- neutron radiation high harmonics.
- the current state of the art is the industrialization of beam guidance and focusing, which is required to provide a primary laser beam with appropriate light field parameters and at the same time enables an industrially suitable throughput, is unresolved.
- the raw laser beam provided by a laser beam source is usually adjusted in diameter by a transmissive telescope and then focused by off-axis parabolic mirrors onto the corresponding target for secondary beam generation.
- Transmissive optical elements limit the peak intensity of the laser radiation due to absorption.
- transmissive optical elements limit the scaling of the repetition rate due to difficult thermal management.
- local phase changes can occur due to the Kerr effect, which influence the wavefront of the laser beam and deteriorate its beam quality.
- an EUV beam generation device comprising a vacuum chamber in which a target material can be arranged at a target position for generating EUV radiation, a beam guidance chamber for guiding a laser beam from a driver laser device in the direction of the target position, an intermediate chamber which is arranged between the vacuum chamber and the beam guidance chamber, a first window which can be sealed gas-tight in the intermediate chamber for the entry of the laser beam from the beam guidance chamber, and a second window which can be sealed gas-tight in the intermediate chamber for the exit of the laser beam into the vacuum chamber.
- an EUV light source device is known which generates EUV light by irradiating a target material with a pulsed driver laser beam.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a laser system and method as mentioned above, which enable the generation of secondary radiation with industrial throughput, wherein the primary laser beam has the largest possible effective volume for interaction with the target material.
- the beam focusing device has a numerical aperture between 0.001 and 0.01, provided that the primary laser beam (104) propagates in a medium with a refractive index of less than 1.01.
- a beam focusing device with a numerical aperture in the specified range has proven to be particularly advantageous in the laser system mentioned above for generating secondary radiation.
- Such numerical apertures enable the focusing of an incoming laser beam into a focus with a relatively large focus diameter of, for example, approx.
- the large focus diameter of the primary laser beam enables efficient generation of higher harmonics in particular. Numerous higher harmonics of the laser frequency are observed through the interaction of a laser beam in the focus.
- the laser system according to the invention is suitable or configured to generate secondary radiation in the form of high harmonics.
- the beam focusing device has a numerical aperture in the above-mentioned range, provided that the primary laser beam propagates in a medium with a refractive index between exactly 1 and less than 1.01 or between exactly 1 and the refractive index of air under standard conditions.
- the numerical aperture of the beam focusing device is proportional to the sine of an angle between a longitudinal central axis and/or a main ray of the primary laser beam and the edge rays of the primary laser beam.
- the numerical aperture corresponds to the product of the sine of the said angle and the refractive index of the medium in which the primary laser beam propagates when the said angle is measured.
- a laser beam is based on another laser beam is to be understood in particular to mean that the laser beam results from or is formed from the other laser beam by beam shaping and/or beam guidance.
- the fact that the laser beam entering the beam focusing device is based on the raw laser beam means that the raw laser beam has already passed through one or more other components of the beam guiding device before entering the beam focusing device, such as a beam adjustment device and/or a beam correction device.
- the beam focusing device is arranged in particular after a beam adaptation device and/or after a beam correction device of the beam guiding device.
- the raw laser beam is a collimated laser beam and/or a Gaussian laser beam.
- the primary laser beam formed from the raw laser beam has ultrashort laser pulses.
- the primary laser beam is in particular a Gaussian laser beam.
- the mirror elements of the beam focusing device and/or the mirror elements of a beam adjustment device of the laser system each have a reflective surface, wherein the mirror elements have a highly reflective coating to form the reflective surface, such as a dielectric coating or an "enhanced gold" coating.
- the mirror elements can be designed as glass mirrors or metal mirrors, each with a dielectric coating, or as metal mirrors with an "enhanced gold” coating. It is also possible to design the mirror elements as glass mirrors with a metallic coating, such as an "enhanced gold” coating.
- the mirror elements are not metal mirrors without a coating.
- the beam guiding device is designed in particular for beam guiding and/or beam shaping of the raw laser beam in order to form the primary laser beam from the raw laser beam.
- the mirror elements of the beam focusing device are to be understood as meaning in particular the mirror elements of the beam focusing device which contribute to adjusting the diameter of the raw laser beam.
- the laser beam entering the beam focusing device strikes the mirror elements of the beam focusing device one after the other to form the primary laser beam.
- the primary laser beam has a focus which is positioned on the target material and/or in the target material and/or in the region of the target material. In the focus of the The primary laser beam can provide a sufficiently high radiation intensity to interact with the target material.
- a focus of the primary laser beam has a focus diameter between 100
- a beam path within the beam focusing device has no focus.
- the beam path is understood to mean in particular a beam path within the beam focusing device that is assigned to the incoming laser beam and the primary laser beam. This makes it possible to avoid particularly high intensities of laser radiation that can occur in a focus of the beam path. This makes it possible to reduce or avoid the occurrence of non-linearities in the beam path, which can be present in the focus due to the high intensities. These non-linearities can influence the wavefront of the laser beam and impair its beam quality, which means that the primary laser beam can be focused less well and the maximum achievable intensity of the laser radiation that is available for interaction with the target material is reduced.
- the fact that the beam path has no focus means that the efficiency of generating secondary radiation can be increased. Furthermore, increased thermal stress on components of the laser system can occur near a focus of the beam path, which can also be avoided.
- the beam focusing device is designed as a reflective optic. This means in particular that the beam focusing device is implemented using a reflective and/or reflection-based optical concept. This enables the focusing of laser beams whose laser pulses have high peak intensities.
- the symmetry axis of the beam focusing device runs, for example, parallel to the incoming laser beam and parallel to a symmetry axis of a first spherical mirror element of the beam focusing device, which is struck by the laser beam entering it.
- the diameter of the laser beam entering the beam focusing device is between 15 mm and 100 mm. In particular, the diameter is between 20 mm and 30 mm. This allows the primary laser beam formed from this laser beam to be focused into a focus with a relatively large focus diameter, which means that a large effective cross section is available for interaction with the target material. Furthermore, a laser beam with this diameter enables a reduction in non-linear effects that can occur, for example, on a passage element when the laser beam is coupled into a gas-tight chamber if the beam focusing device is arranged in this.
- the beam guiding device has a beam adjustment device which is designed to adjust the diameter of the laser beam entering the beam focusing device by changing a diameter of the raw laser beam entering the beam guiding device.
- This makes it possible to provide the laser beam entering the beam focusing device with a diameter in the advantageous range specified above.
- the diameter of the laser beam entering the beam focusing device can thus be adjusted to an optimal diameter for the beam focusing device, in particular to form a focus with the largest possible focus diameter.
- the raw laser beam entering the beam guidance device has a diameter of between 10 mm and 20 mm.
- the beam adjustment device is designed in particular as a reflective optic. It can be advantageous if the beam focusing device has a first mirror element, which is hit by the laser beam entering it, and the beam focusing device has a further mirror element, from which the focused primary laser beam emanates, with at least one intermediate laser beam running between the first mirror element and the further mirror element.
- the primary laser beam can thus be formed with a large focus diameter.
- the first mirror element of the beam focusing device is in particular a very first mirror element onto which the laser beam entering the beam focusing device strikes.
- the further mirror element of the beam focusing device is in particular a last mirror element of the beam focusing device, from which the primary laser beam emanates and/or is emitted.
- a longitudinal center axis of the laser beam entering the beam focusing device and/or a longitudinal center axis of the primary laser beam and/or a longitudinal center axis of the at least one intermediate laser beam lie in the same geometric plane.
- the at least one intermediate laser beam has no focus. This results in the advantages mentioned above.
- these intermediate laser beams can be convergent or divergent laser beams.
- the first mirror element which is struck by the laser beam entering the beam focusing device, is a spherical mirror element.
- Spherical mirror elements can be manufactured in a technically simple manner with a good surface quality.
- the additional mirror element from which the primary laser beam emanates is a spherical mirror element.
- the first mirror element of the beam focusing device which is struck by the laser beam entering the beam focusing device, is concave.
- the further mirror element of the beam focusing device which is struck by the laser beam entering the beam focusing device, is convex.
- the beam focusing device has exactly two spherical mirror elements. This results in a simple structure of the beam focusing device with the smallest possible number of mirror elements, whereby the structure is also known as the Schwarzschild configuration. It enables good compensation of imaging errors of the respective mirror elements.
- the beam focusing device has a total of exactly two mirror elements. These two mirror elements are the two spherical mirror elements. This allows the beam focusing device to be designed compactly.
- the laser pulses of the raw laser beam and/or the primary laser beam have a pulse duration between 10 fs and 300 fs.
- the laser pulses of the raw laser beam and/or the primary laser beam have a pulse energy between 1 mJ and 20 mJ.
- An average power of the raw laser beam and/or the primary laser beam is, for example, between 0.5 kW and 5.0 kW, for example 1.0 kW.
- An intensity of the primary laser beam at the focus is, for example, between 10 13 W/cm 2 and 10 15 W/cm 2 and in particular between l*10 14 W/cm 2 and 9*10 14 W/cm 2 .
- a wavelength of the raw laser beam and/or the primary laser beam is, for example, between 500 nm and 2500 nm and preferably between 900 nm and 1100 nm, for example 1030 nm.
- the laser system comprises the target area for arranging the target material and/or the target material.
- a negative pressure and in particular a vacuum is formed in the target area.
- the target area lies within a gas-tight area of the laser system.
- the laser system has a gas-tight chamber in which the target area for arranging the target material is positioned, wherein the chamber has a passage element for coupling a laser beam into the chamber.
- the primary laser beam is based on this laser beam or corresponds to it.
- a negative pressure and in particular a vacuum is formed in the chamber.
- the passage element has an anti-reflective coating, which is preferably designed as a nanotexturing and/or as a moth eye structure.
- the beam focusing device is arranged at least partially within the chamber.
- at least one component of the beam focusing device such as a mirror element of the beam focusing device, is positioned within the chamber.
- the beam focusing device is arranged completely within the chamber.
- the laser system has a shielding element which is arranged between the passage element and the target material, wherein the shielding element is designed for spatial shielding of an optical component of the laser system.
- the shielding element is designed for spatial shielding of the passage element from the target material.
- An optical component of the laser system is, for example, a transmissive or reflective optical element of the laser system, such as a mirror element of the beam focusing device or a beam expanding device.
- the shielding element can be designed, for example, as a diaphragm element or as a bevel element, or can be realized by means of a fluid flow.
- the target material arranged in the target area is in particular in a gaseous state.
- the target material is or comprises a noble gas, such as xenon, argon, helium or krypton.
- a noble gas such as xenon, argon, helium or krypton.
- the beam guiding device has a beam correction device for forming a corrected laser beam from a laser beam entering the beam correction device, wherein the beam position stabilization is carried out by means of the beam correction device in order to provide the corrected laser beam with a corrected and/or stabilized beam position.
- the beam position stabilization is carried out by means of the beam correction device in order to provide the corrected laser beam with a corrected and/or stabilized beam position.
- the laser beam entering the beam correction device is based on the raw laser beam and/or on an adapted laser beam formed by means of a beam adaptation device of the beam guidance device.
- the laser beam entering the beam correction device corresponds to this adapted laser beam.
- the laser beam entering the beam focusing device corresponds to or is based on the corrected laser beam.
- the laser system has a secondary beam guidance device for beam guidance and/or beam shaping of the secondary radiation that is generated.
- the secondary radiation that is generated is guided by means of the secondary beam guidance device to a location at which the secondary radiation is intended to be used.
- the beam focusing device has a numerical aperture between 0.001 and 0.01, provided that the primary laser beam (104) propagates in a medium with a refractive index of less than 1.01.
- the method according to the invention has in particular one or more further features and/or advantages of the laser system according to the invention.
- Advantageous embodiments have already been explained in connection with the laser system according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out in particular by means of the laser system according to the invention.
- the The method according to the invention is carried out by means of the laser system according to the invention.
- diameters of laser beams and/or focus diameters are generally defined using the method of second moments according to ISO 11146-3.
- the fact that a first device and/or a first element of the laser system is arranged after a second device and/or a second element of the laser system means that the laser beams guided in the laser system, such as the raw laser beam and/or the laser beams based on the raw laser beam, and/or the primary laser beam, first hit the second device and/or the second element and then the first device and/or the first element.
- the second device and/or the second element is then arranged before the first device and/or the first element.
- This information always refers to the main propagation direction of the respective laser beams.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a laser system
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a beam adjustment device of the laser system in a cross-section parallel to the main propagation direction of laser beams guided through the beam adjustment device;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a parabolic mirror element with associated paraboloid in a cross-section parallel to the rotation axis of the paraboloid; and Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a beam focusing device of the laser system in a cross-section parallel to the main propagation direction of laser beams guided by the beam focusing device.
- the laser system 100 comprises a laser beam source 102, wherein a primary laser beam 104 is formed by beam shaping of a laser beam provided by this. This is directed onto a target material 106, so that secondary radiation 108 is generated by interaction of the primary laser beam 104 with the target material 106.
- a raw laser beam 110 emerges from the laser beam source 102 during operation of the laser system 100.
- the laser system 100 has a beam guiding device 112 which is designed to form the primary laser beam 104 from the raw laser beam 110 and to direct it onto the target material 106 and/or to focus it into the target material 106.
- the target material 106 is arranged in a predetermined target area 114 of the laser system 100.
- the target material 106 is or comprises a gaseous material, such as xenon, argon, helium or krypton.
- target material 106 is continuously introduced into the target area 114 in the form of a material flow and/or fluid flow by means of a suitable conveying device (not shown), so that during operation of the laser system 100, target material 106 is continuously available there for interaction with the primary laser beam 104.
- a negative pressure ie a pressure reduced compared to an ambient pressure, and in particular a vacuum
- the target area 114 is located, for example, within a gas-tight region of the laser system 100.
- the target region 114 is positioned within a gas-tight chamber 118 of the laser system 100, in which the gas-tight region and/or the suppression is formed.
- a gas with a defined pressure and defined composition can be arranged in the target area 114 and/or the gas-tight chamber 118.
- the chamber 118 comprises a passage element 119 through which the primary laser beam 104 enters the chamber 118.
- the passage element 119 is made of a material that is transparent to a wavelength of the primary laser beam 104.
- the passage element 119 is designed as a vacuum window.
- the passage element has an anti-reflective coating, such as a nanotexturing or a moth-eye structure.
- anti-reflective coatings are known, for example, from the scientific publication "Nanotextured optical surfaces advance laser power and reliability.” by Nole et al., Laser Focus World 50.6 (2014): 38-43.
- the beam focusing device 126 is arranged at least partially within the chamber 118 and/or within the gas-tight region.
- a shielding element 117 is arranged within the chamber 118, which is positioned between the passage element 119 and the target material 106, wherein the primary laser beam 104 passes through the shielding element 117.
- the shielding element 117 has a transmission region and/or an opening for the passage of the primary laser beam 104.
- the shielding element 117 is designed to shield the passage element 119 from the target material 106.
- the passage element 119 is shielded from target material by means of the shielding element 117 106, which is scattered and/or distributed in the direction of the passage element 119 during operation of the laser system 100.
- the shielding element 117 is designed as a diaphragm element and in particular as a perforated diaphragm.
- the shielding element 117 can be designed as a bevel element or can be implemented by means of a fluid flow and in particular a gas flow.
- the raw laser beam 110 is a pulsed laser beam which has ultrashort laser pulses (ultrashort pulse laser beam).
- the laser pulses preferably have a pulse duration between 10 fs and 300 fs and/or a pulse energy between 1 mJ and 20 mJ.
- a wavelength of the raw laser beam 110 is preferably between 500 nm and 2500 nm and the raw laser beam 110 preferably has an average power in the range of 0.5 kW to 5 kW.
- the laser beam source 102 is a solid-state based ultrashort pulse laser beam source, which has, for example, a Ti:Sa or an ytterbium doped YAG amplifier.
- the raw laser beam 110 emerging from the laser beam source 102 is in particular a collimated laser beam and/or Gaussian laser beam.
- the beam guiding device 112 has a beam adjustment device 120, by means of which an adjusted laser beam 122 is formed by changing a diameter of a laser beam 121 entering it.
- the raw laser beam 110 coupled out of the laser beam source 102 is coupled into the beam adjustment device 120 of the beam guiding device 112.
- the incoming laser beam 121 thus corresponds to the raw laser beam 110 in the example shown.
- the beam guiding device 112 in the example shown comprises a beam correction device 124 and a beam focusing device 126, through which the adjusted laser beam 122 passes.
- the beam from the beam focusing device 126 emerging laser beam corresponds to the primary laser beam 104 intended for interaction with the target material 106.
- a laser beam 123 entering it which in the example shown corresponds to the adjusted laser beam 122, is corrected, whereby a corrected laser beam 128 is formed.
- the beam correction device 124 is set up to carry out beam position stabilization in order to provide the corrected laser beam 128 with a corrected and/or stabilized beam position.
- the beam position stabilization comprises in particular a correction and/or stabilization of a location position of the corrected laser beam 128 in the near field and an angle of the corrected laser beam 128 in the far field.
- the beam correction device 124 has one or more piezo mirrors which are controlled by means of four-quadrant photodiodes in order to stabilize the spatial position and/or the angle of the corrected laser beam 128.
- the beam correction device 124 can be configured to carry out a wavefront correction of the incoming laser beam 123 in order to provide the corrected laser beam 128 with a wavefront that is as flat as possible.
- Methods and devices for wavefront correction for laser beams with high intensities are known, for example, from S. Fourmaux et al., "Laser beam wavefront correction for ultra high intensities with the 200 TW laser system at the Advanced Laser Light Source,” Opt. Express 16, 11987-11994 (2008).
- the beam focusing device 126 is designed for beam shaping and/or focusing an incoming laser beam 129, which in the example shown corresponds to the corrected laser beam 128.
- the beam focusing device 126 is used to form the focused primary laser beam 104 directed at the target material 106 from the incoming laser beam 129.
- the primary laser beam 104 has a focus 131 arranged on the target material 106 with a defined focus diameter, which is, for example, approximately 150 pm.
- the focus diameter is to be understood as a transverse diameter and/or an extension of the primary laser beam 104 in the transverse direction.
- the secondary radiation 108 is formed during operation of the laser system 100. It can be provided that the laser system 100 has a secondary beam guiding device 130, which is set up for beam guiding and/or beam shaping of the formed secondary radiation 108.
- the primary laser beam 104 and the above-mentioned laser beams 121, 122, 123, 128, 129 are each based on the raw laser beam 110 and/or are formed by beam shaping the raw laser beam 110.
- the raw laser beam 110 and the laser beams based on the raw laser beam 110 each propagate with a main propagation direction 132.
- the main propagation direction 132 is a local property of a specific laser beam and is defined in particular by a direction of a Poynting vector or averaged Poynting vector associated with the laser beam.
- the main propagation direction 132 is oriented, for example, parallel to a longitudinal center axis of the laser beam.
- the beam adjustment device 120 is arranged in front of the beam correction device 124 and/or in front of the beam focusing device 126.
- the beam correction device 124 is arranged, for example, in front of the beam focusing device 126 and/or between the beam adjustment device 120 and the beam focusing device 126.
- a laser beam such as the raw laser beam 110, the primary laser beam 104 and/or the laser beams 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, is understood here to be a beam bundle which has a plurality of partial beams. These can, for example, be convergent, divergent or, in the case of a collimated laser beam, parallel to one another.
- the laser beams each have a transverse extension and/or a transverse beam cross-section, ie an extension or a cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the main propagation direction 132.
- FIG. 2 An embodiment of the beam adjustment device 120 is shown in Fig. 2. This has a first mirror element 134 and a second mirror element 136 spaced from the first mirror element 134.
- the mirror elements 134, 136 are designed to expand the raw laser beam 110 or the incoming laser beam 121, i.e. to increase a diameter of the transverse beam cross section of the raw laser beam 110 or the incoming laser beam 121.
- the laser beam 122 adjusted by means of the mirror elements 134, 136 exits the beam adjustment device 120 and is coupled into the beam correction device 124 in the example shown.
- the incoming laser beam 121 and the adjusted laser beam 122 are each present as collimated laser beams, with the incoming laser beam 121 having a diameter di and the adjusted laser beam 122 having a diameter d2 (in Fig. 2, for example, a beam waist of the laser beams 121, 122 is indicated).
- the diameter d2 is larger than the diameter di.
- the diameter di, d2 is to be understood as a transverse diameter and/or a diameter of the transverse beam cross section of the laser beams 121, 122.
- the incoming laser beam 121 and the adapted laser beam 122 each have a rotationally symmetrical and in particular circular transverse beam cross-section.
- a diameter of this beam cross-section is the same in every spatial direction that lies in a cross-sectional plane associated with the beam cross-section.
- the mirror elements 134, 136 of the beam adjustment device 120 are each designed as off-axis parabolic mirrors. They each have curved and reflective surfaces (see Fig. 3). In an off-axis parabolic mirror the reflecting surfaces do not contain the axis of rotation of the respective paraboloid (and thus also not the vertex of the paraboloid).
- the mirror elements 134, 136 preferably have a highly reflective coating to form the reflective surfaces, such as a dielectric coating or an "enhanced gold" coating.
- the mirror elements 134, 136 can be designed as glass mirrors or metal mirrors, each with a dielectric coating, or as metal mirrors with an "enhanced gold” coating. It can also be provided that the mirror elements 134, 136 are designed as glass mirrors with a metallic coating, such as an "enhanced gold" coating.
- the mirror elements 134, 136 are not metal mirrors without a coating.
- the incoming laser beam 121 strikes the first mirror element 134 and is reflected thereon, forming a reflected intermediate laser beam 138 which runs between the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136.
- the intermediate laser beam 138 strikes the second mirror element 136 and is reflected thereon, forming the adjusted laser beam 122 emerging from the beam adjustment device 120.
- beam path 139 The path of the incoming laser beam 121, the adjusted laser beam 122 and the intermediate laser beam 138 in the beam adjustment device 120 is referred to herein as beam path 139.
- the first mirror element 134 is convexly curved and the second mirror element 136 is concavely curved (with respect to a respective direction of incidence of the incoming laser beam 121 and the intermediate laser beam 138).
- Intermediate laser beam 138 is designed as a divergent beam, ie its Beam diameter increases in the main propagation direction 132. It runs continuously as a divergent beam between the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136.
- the intermediate laser beam 138 has in particular no intermediate focus and/or no converging beam sections and/or no converging partial beams or beam portions.
- the divergent intermediate laser beam 138 incident thereon is converted into the collimated, adjusted laser beam 132.
- the incoming laser beam 121 has a longitudinal central axis 140
- the intermediate laser beam 138 has a longitudinal central axis 142
- the adapted laser beam 122 has a longitudinal central axis 144.
- a course of the respective longitudinal central axis 140, 142, 144 corresponds to a course of a central partial beam (also referred to as the main beam or "chief ray") of the associated laser beam 121, 138, 122.
- the longitudinal central axis 140, 142, 144 is oriented parallel to the local main propagation direction 132 of the associated laser beam 121, 138, 122.
- the longitudinal center axis 140 of the incoming laser beam 121 and the longitudinal center axis 144 of the adjusted laser beam 122 are oriented parallel to one another, for example.
- the longitudinal center axis 142 of the intermediate laser beam 138 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis 140 of the incoming laser beam 121 and/or to the longitudinal center axis 144 of the adjusted laser beam 122, for example.
- the diameter di has a value of 10.0 mm and the diameter d2 has a value of 25.0 mm.
- a distance ds by which the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136 are spaced from each other is, for example, 500 mm.
- a distance ds between the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136 is, for example, 1500 mm.
- the distance ds corresponds to a distance between an intersection point of the longitudinal center axis 142 of the intermediate laser beam 138 with the surface of the first mirror element 134 and an intersection point of the longitudinal center axis 142 with the surface of the second mirror element 136. Consequently, the distance ds corresponds to a path length of the central partial beam (chief ray) of the intermediate laser beam 138 lying in the longitudinal center axis 142 between the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136.
- Fig. 3 The parameters relevant for describing a mirror element designed as an off-axis parabolic mirror are illustrated in Fig. 3, with the situation present in the first mirror element 134 being shown as an example. Parabolic mirror elements can be generally described using the parameters introduced below.
- the incoming laser beam 121 strikes the first mirror element 134, whereby the intermediate laser beam 138 oriented perpendicular to the incoming laser beam 121 is formed by reflection on the surface of the first mirror element 134.
- the reflective surface of the first mirror element 134 lies in a section of a paraboloid 146, which results from rotating a parabola 148 about an axis of rotation 150.
- the paraboloid 146 is shown in a cross section lying in the axis of rotation 150.
- an area of the mirror element is to be considered in which at least 99% of the power of the laser beam striking this mirror element is present.
- the paraboloid 146 has an original focal length f par (also referred to as "parent focal length") and a reflective focal length fref ("reflective focal length").
- the reflective focal length fref is to be understood in particular as an effective focal length with respect to the incoming laser beam 121.
- the incoming laser beam 121 and the intermediate laser beam 138 are oriented perpendicular to one another.
- f par 1/c
- a distance d4 between a vertex 152 of the paraboloid 146 and the longitudinal center axis 140 of the incoming laser beam 121 corresponds to the reflective focal length fref. This distance d4 is also referred to as the "decenter" distance.
- the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136 each have different reflective focal lengths.
- a reflective focal length fref-1 of the first mirror element has a value of 500 mm and a reflective focal length fref-2 of the second mirror element 136 has a value of 1250 mm.
- the beam adjustment device 120 has two reflective mirror elements 134, 136. It is fundamentally possible for the beam adjustment device to have more than two reflective mirror elements.
- the beam adjustment device 120 can also be set up or used to reduce the diameter di of the incoming laser beam 121. To do this, in the example shown in Fig. 2, the first mirror element 134 and the second mirror element 136 would have to be swapped so that the incoming laser beam 121 is first directed onto the second Mirror element 136 and the intermediate laser beam 138 then formed falls on the first mirror element 134. In this case, the magnification factor M ⁇ 1, or the beam adjustment device 120 has a reduction factor which is defined as 1/M.
- FIG. 4 An embodiment of the beam focusing device 126 is shown in Fig. 4. This has a first mirror element 154 and a second mirror element 156 spaced apart from the first mirror element 154.
- the mirror elements 154, 156 are designed to focus the incoming laser beam 129 in order to form the focused primary laser beam 104 directed onto the target material 106.
- the incoming laser beam 129 is in particular a collimated laser beam and has a diameter ds which corresponds, for example, to the diameter d2 of the adjusted laser beam 122 emerging from the beam adjustment device 120.
- the diameter ds is to be understood as a transverse diameter and/or a diameter of the transverse beam cross-section of the incoming laser beam 129.
- the incoming laser beam 129 has a rotationally symmetrical and in particular circular transverse beam cross-section.
- a diameter of this beam cross-section is the same in every spatial direction that lies in a cross-sectional plane associated with the beam cross-section.
- the primary laser beam 104 emerging from the beam focusing device 126 is present as a convergent and/or focused laser beam. It is focused into the focus 131.
- the incoming laser beam 129 has a longitudinal central axis 158 and the primary laser beam 104 has a longitudinal central axis 160, wherein the longitudinal central axis 158 and the longitudinal central axis 160 are oriented transversely to one another.
- the longitudinal central axes 158 and 160 enclose a non-zero angle.
- the mirror elements 154, 156 of the beam focusing device 126 are each designed as spherical mirrors. They each comprise curved and reflective surfaces which have the shape of a spherical segment.
- the mirror elements 154, 156 preferably have a highly reflective coating to form the reflective surfaces, such as a dielectric coating or an "enhanced gold" coating.
- the mirror elements 154, 156 can be designed as glass mirrors or metal mirrors, each with a dielectric coating, or as metal mirrors with an "enhanced gold” coating. It can also be provided that the mirror elements 154, 156 are designed as glass mirrors with a metallic coating, such as an "enhanced gold” coating. In particular, the mirror elements 154, 156 are not metal mirrors without a coating.
- the incoming laser beam 129 strikes the first mirror element 154 and is reflected thereon, forming a reflected intermediate laser beam 162 which extends between the first mirror element 154 and the second mirror element 156.
- the intermediate laser beam 162 strikes the second mirror element 156 and is reflected thereon, forming the focused primary laser beam 104 emerging from the beam focusing device 126.
- a longitudinal center axis 163 of the intermediate laser beam 162 is oriented transversely to the longitudinal center axis 158 of the incoming laser beam 129 and/or to the longitudinal center axis 160 of the primary laser beam 104.
- a course of the respective longitudinal center axis 158, 160, 163 corresponds to a course of a central partial beam (main beam or "chief ray") of the respectively assigned laser beam 129, 104, 162. Furthermore, the longitudinal center axis 158, 160, 163 is oriented parallel to the local main propagation direction 132 of the assigned laser beam 129, 104, 162. The path of the incoming laser beam 129, the primary laser beam 104 and the intermediate laser beam 162 in the beam focusing device 126 is referred to herein as beam path 164.
- the first mirror element 154 is concavely curved and the second mirror element 156 is convexly curved (with respect to a respective direction of incidence of the incoming laser beam 129 and the intermediate laser beam 162).
- the intermediate laser beam 162 is formed as a convergent beam. It runs continuously as a convergent beam between the first mirror element 154 and the second mirror element 156.
- the intermediate laser beam 162 has in particular no intermediate focus and/or no diverging beam sections and/or no diverging beam components.
- the convex second mirror element 156 By means of the convex second mirror element 156, the convergent intermediate laser beam 162 incident thereon is transformed and/or deflected into the convergent primary laser beam 104.
- the reflective surface of the first mirror element 154 lies in a section of a spherical surface which has an axis of symmetry 166 parallel to the main propagation direction 132 and/or longitudinal center axis 158 of the incident laser beam 129.
- This axis of symmetry 166 is referred to below as the axis of symmetry of the beam focusing device 126.
- the axis of symmetry 166 runs through a center point (not shown) of a geometric sphere, which is assigned to the section of the spherical surface in which the surface of the first mirror element 154 lies.
- An extension of this spherical surface assigned to the first mirror element 154 intersects the axis of symmetry 166 at a first point 168.
- the focus 131 is positioned at a distance from the axis of symmetry 166 and/or does not lie on the axis of symmetry 166.
- the reflective surface of the second mirror element 156 lies in a section of a spherical surface which intersects the axis of symmetry 166 at a second point 170.
- a normal 172 of this spherical surface at the point 170 encloses a non-vanishing angle o with the axis of symmetry 166, wherein the normal 172 and the axis of symmetry 166 lie in particular in the same geometric plane.
- the angle o is in particular oriented such that the normal 172 intersects the extension of the spherical surface assigned to the first mirror element 154 in a section between the first point 168 and the longitudinal center axis 160 of the primary laser beam 104.
- the diameter ds of the incoming laser beam 129 has a value of 25.0 mm.
- the first mirror element 154 has a radius of curvature of 537.9 mm and the second mirror element 156 has a radius of curvature of 39.0 mm.
- the angle o with which the first mirror element 154 and the second mirror element 156 are tilted relative to each other, is, for example, 9.2°.
- a distance de between the longitudinal center axis 158 of the incoming laser beam 129 and the axis of symmetry 166 is, for example, 30 mm.
- a distance d? parallel to the axis of symmetry 166 between the first point 168 and the second point 170 is, for example, 250 mm.
- the intermediate laser beam 162 and the primary laser beam 104 each have edge rays 174, which are defined by a maximum geometric extension of the reflective surface of the first mirror element 154. These edge rays 174 each originate from outer edges of the surface of the first mirror element 154.
- the edge rays 174 are in particular those rays of the intermediate laser beam 162 or primary laser beam 104, which have the greatest distance from the longitudinal center axis 163 or 160 at a certain point of the longitudinal center axis 163 or 160 in a distance direction oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis 163 or 160.
- the edge rays 174 of the primary laser beam 104 form an angle 9 with its longitudinal center axis 160.
- NA 0.002.
- NA n*sin(0).
- the effectively used numerical aperture is at least a factor of 2 smaller than the maximum usable numerical aperture.
- An angle 0' between the longitudinal center axis 160 of the primary laser beam 104 and the symmetry axis 166 is, for example, 18.6°.
- the Laser System 100 works as follows:
- the raw laser beam 110 emerges from the laser beam source 102 and is coupled into the beam guiding device 112.
- the raw laser beam 110 passes through the beam adjustment device 120, the beam correction device 124 and the beam focusing device 126 in succession.
- the raw laser beam 110 is adjusted by means of the beam adjustment device 120, corrected and/or stabilized by means of the beam correction device 124 and shaped and/or focused by means of the beam focusing device 126, whereby the primary laser beam 104 is formed.
- the focused primary laser beam 104 is directed onto the target material 106, whereby an interaction takes place between the target material 106 and the primary laser beam 104. Due to this interaction, secondary radiation 108 is formed.
- the secondary radiation produced is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 13.5 nm.
- the formed secondary radiation 108 is shaped by means of the secondary beam guiding device 130 and guided to a target at which use of the secondary radiation 108 is intended.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023104013.8A DE102023104013A1 (de) | 2023-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | Lasersystem und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Sekundärstrahlung durch Wechselwirkung eines Primärlaserstrahls mit einem Targetmaterial |
| PCT/EP2024/053624 WO2024170566A1 (de) | 2023-02-17 | 2024-02-13 | Lasersystem und verfahren zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung durch wechselwirkung eines primärlaserstrahls mit einem targetmaterial |
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| EP4666121A1 true EP4666121A1 (de) | 2025-12-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24705425.7A Pending EP4666121A1 (de) | 2023-02-17 | 2024-02-13 | Lasersystem und verfahren zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung durch wechselwirkung eines primärlaserstrahls mit einem targetmaterial |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250364767A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4666121A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250124382A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120712506A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023104013A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024170566A1 (de) |
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| FR2871622B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-14 | 2008-09-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de generation de lumiere dans l'extreme ultraviolet et application a une source de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme ultraviolet |
| JP5368261B2 (ja) | 2008-11-06 | 2013-12-18 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | 極端紫外光源装置、極端紫外光源装置の制御方法 |
| DE102009044751B4 (de) * | 2008-12-04 | 2014-07-31 | Highyag Lasertechnologie Gmbh | Spiegel-Objektiv für Laserstrahlung |
| EP2534672B1 (de) * | 2010-02-09 | 2016-06-01 | Energetiq Technology Inc. | Laserbetriebene lichtquelle |
| DE102012217120A1 (de) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-27 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | EUV-Strahlungserzeugungsvorrichtung und Betriebsverfahren dafür |
| EP3949691A1 (de) | 2019-04-04 | 2022-02-09 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Laserfokussierungsmodul |
| EP3816721A1 (de) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-05 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur effizienten erzeugung von hohen oberschwingungen |
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- 2023-02-17 DE DE102023104013.8A patent/DE102023104013A1/de active Pending
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2024
- 2024-02-13 WO PCT/EP2024/053624 patent/WO2024170566A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-13 CN CN202480013084.4A patent/CN120712506A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-13 KR KR1020257025003A patent/KR20250124382A/ko active Pending
- 2024-02-13 EP EP24705425.7A patent/EP4666121A1/de active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20250124382A (ko) | 2025-08-19 |
| US20250364767A1 (en) | 2025-11-27 |
| DE102023104013A1 (de) | 2024-08-22 |
| WO2024170566A1 (de) | 2024-08-22 |
| CN120712506A (zh) | 2025-09-26 |
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