EP4659354A1 - Schaltgerät zum elektrischen ein- und ausschalten einer mit einer gleichspannungs-versorgungseinrichtung verbindbaren elektrischen last - Google Patents
Schaltgerät zum elektrischen ein- und ausschalten einer mit einer gleichspannungs-versorgungseinrichtung verbindbaren elektrischen lastInfo
- Publication number
- EP4659354A1 EP4659354A1 EP24702160.3A EP24702160A EP4659354A1 EP 4659354 A1 EP4659354 A1 EP 4659354A1 EP 24702160 A EP24702160 A EP 24702160A EP 4659354 A1 EP4659354 A1 EP 4659354A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- switching
- semiconductor switch
- current
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/163—Soft switching
- H03K17/164—Soft switching using parallel switching arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/12—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K2017/515—Mechanical switches; Electronic switches controlling mechanical switches, e.g. relais
Definitions
- Switching device for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a DC voltage supply device
- the invention relates to a switching device for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a direct current supply device.
- Switching devices have, among other things, hybrid output stages that can contain a parallel circuit of an electromechanical and electronic switch, in particular semiconductor switches.
- an electrical load that can be connected to the switching device can be electrically connected to an external power supply device or electrically disconnected from it, whereby the electrical load can be switched on or off.
- Such a switching device is known, for example, from WO 2014/032718 A1.
- One of the problems with switching devices with hybrid output stages is that if a short circuit occurs, the switching device and/or the connected electrical load in particular will be destroyed or proper operation will no longer be possible. This is particularly the case if the electrical load is connected to a direct current supply device, for example a DC network, via such a switching device.
- a direct current supply device for example a DC network
- the object of the present invention is to provide a switching device for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a direct current supply device, which can protect the switching device from a short circuit during operation.
- a core idea of the invention can be seen in the creation of a switching device with a hybrid output stage, which has a short-circuit functionality.
- the switching device can, for example, have a first current path into which a Parallel circuit comprising a first controllable semiconductor switch and a first controllable mechanical switching contact, a second controllable semiconductor switch which is connected in series with a second controllable mechanical switching contact which is designed as a changeover contact, a second current path, a current measuring device and a control and evaluation device.
- the control and evaluation device is designed to electrically connect the first current path to the second current path during operation of the switching device by means of the second semiconductor switch and the second mechanical switching contact if a short-circuit current is detected by the current measuring device.
- the switching device can be protected in particular against a short circuit which occurs on or in a connected electrical load or in a line to the electrical load.
- Such a switching device can also be referred to as a short-circuit-proof switching device.
- a switching device is provided in particular for electrically switching on and off an electrical load that can be connected to a direct voltage supply device, which can have the following features.
- first current path which is electrically connected to the first power supply terminal and the first output terminal, wherein the first current path has a parallel circuit of a first controllable semiconductor switch and a first controllable mechanical switching contact
- the second semiconductor switch is electrically connectable to the second current path via the second mechanical switching contact
- control and evaluation device which is connected to an output of the current measuring device, wherein the control and evaluation device is designed, in particular during a switch-on process, i) to switch the first semiconductor switch to be electrically blocking and the second semiconductor switch to be electrically conductive, wherein the first mechanical switching contact is opened and the second semiconductor switch is electrically connected in series with the pre-charging resistor by means of the second mechanical switching contact, ii) to then switch the first semiconductor switch to be conductive and switch the second semiconductor switch to be electrically blocking, and iii) to then close the first mechanical switching contact and connect the second semiconductor switch to the second current path by means of the second mechanical switching contact, wherein the second point in time is after the first point in time and the third point in time is after the second point in time, and iv) to then switch the second semiconductor switch to be electrically conductive again when the current measured by the current measuring device reaches or exceeds a first predetermined value.
- the first predetermined current value is in particular set such that it corresponds to a short-circuit current
- control and evaluation device carries out steps i) to iv) one after the other.
- control and evaluation device can be designed to simultaneously switch the first semiconductor switch to electrically blocking and the second semiconductor switch to electrically conducting in step i), or to switch the to switch the second semiconductor switch on after it has switched the first semiconductor switch off.
- the first and second mechanical switching contacts are designed as positively guided contacts of an electromechanical switch.
- the electromechanical switch can be designed as a relay, for example.
- the two mechanical switching contacts can each be arranged in a separate electromechanical switch.
- the current measuring device may comprise a current sensor.
- control and evaluation device can be designed to switch the first semiconductor switch to the conductive state in step ii) and to switch the second semiconductor switch to the electrically blocking state when the current measured by the current measuring device reaches a second predetermined value or is within a tolerance range defined with respect to the second predetermined value, wherein the second predetermined current value is lower than the first predetermined current value.
- the second predetermined current value is preferably defined such that it corresponds, for example, to the nominal current of the first semiconductor switch.
- control and evaluation device can be designed to carry out step ii) after the expiration of a predetermined period of time that is started in step i). In both cases, it is ensured that step ii) is only carried out when the current flowing in the first current path can no longer damage the first semiconductor switch.
- the switching device can, for example, have a detection device, an electrical energy storage device which is designed for the internal energy supply of the device, and a device connected to the first and second energy supply connection connected voltage supply device which is electrically connected to the electrical energy store and the detection device, wherein the detection device is designed to detect the drop in a direct voltage present at the output of the voltage supply device below a predetermined threshold value, wherein the control and evaluation device is designed to carry out a switch-off process for switching off an electrical load connectable to the first and second output terminals in response to a drop in a direct voltage present at the output of the voltage supply device below the predetermined threshold value detected by the detection device.
- the switching device can have a third and fourth power supply connection to which a power supply device for providing a supply voltage for the switching device can be connected, a detection device, an electrical energy store which is designed for the device-internal power supply, and a voltage supply device connected to the third and fourth power supply connection, which is electrically connected to the electrical energy store and the detection device, wherein the detection device is designed to detect the drop in a direct voltage applied to the output of the voltage supply device below a predetermined threshold value, wherein the control and evaluation device is designed to carry out a switch-off process for switching off an electrical load which can be connected to the first and second output connection in response to a drop in a direct voltage applied to the output of the voltage supply device below the predetermined threshold value detected by the detection device.
- the voltage supply device can comprise a device for voltage conditioning, for example a voltage converter and/or voltage regulator, and optionally a reverse polarity protection.
- the detection device can, for example, have a comparison device which can be designed as a comparator, for example in the form of a Schmitt trigger.
- the switching device can advantageously have an input connection which is designed to apply a control signal, the detection device being connected on the input side to the input connection and an output of the voltage supply device.
- the control signal can be fed to the input connection by a higher-level control device and is monitored by the switching device or by the control and evaluation device.
- a further mechanical switching contact of at least one electromechanical switch can be connected in the first and/or second current path.
- the first and/or second semiconductor switch can be designed as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (also called IGBT) or as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (also known as MOSFET).
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- the switching device can, for example, have a storage device that is electrically connected to the control and evaluation device.
- the first and/or second predetermined current value and/or the tolerance range defined with respect to the second predetermined current value can be stored in the storage device.
- the storage device can also be an integral part of the control and evaluation device.
- An electrical fuse can expediently be assigned to the first current path or the second current path.
- the fuse can be connected externally to the first or second power supply connection or arranged internally in the switching device.
- Figure 1 shows an exemplary switching device in which the invention is implemented
- Figure 2A shows the time course of an input voltage UB
- Figure 2B shows the time course of a control signal
- FIG. 2C shows the time course of the switching states of the second semiconductor switch shown in Figure 1
- FIG. 2D shows the time course of the switching states of the first semiconductor switch shown in Figure 1
- FIG. 1 shows the time course of the switching states of the first mechanical switch shown in Figure 1
- Figure 2F shows the temporal progression of the switching states of the second mechanical switch shown in Figure 1.
- Figure 1 shows the basic circuit of an exemplary switching device 10, with which an electrical load 110 can be electrically switched on and off or electrically connected to or disconnected from a direct voltage supply device 20.
- the switching device 10 has a first output connection 16 and a second output connection 17 to which the electrical load 110 can be connected.
- the switching device 10 also has a first power supply connection 11 and a second power supply connection 12 to which the direct voltage supply device 20 can be connected.
- the direct voltage supply device 20 is designed to apply a direct voltage to the two power supply connections 11 and 12.
- the direct voltage supply device 20 is designed as a DC supply network.
- the direct current supply device 20 has a first conductor 21, via which a first electrical potential, e.g.
- a negative electrical potential can be applied to the power supply connection 11, and a second conductor 22, via which a second electrical potential, e.g. a positive electrical potential, can be applied to the power supply connection 12.
- the switching device 10 has a first current path 18, which is electrically connected, for example, to the first power supply connection 11 and the first output connection 16.
- a parallel circuit 150 is arranged in the first current path 18, which can have a first controllable semiconductor switch 81 and a first controllable mechanical switching contact 82.
- the semiconductor switch 81 can be designed as a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate electrode. Such a transistor is also referred to as an IGBT transistor.
- the mechanical switching contact 82 lying parallel to the semiconductor switch 81 preferably belongs to an electromechanical switch 80, which is designed as a relay, for example.
- the electromechanical switch 80 has, in a manner known per se, an excitation coil 85 lying in a control circuit, which can be connected to an output 76 of the control and evaluation device 70.
- the mechanical switching contact 82 forms a bypass for the semiconductor switch 81.
- a semiconductor diode 86 can be connected in parallel to the semiconductor switch 81, which enables a current return flow from the output terminal 16 to the power supply terminal 11.
- the semiconductor switch 81 can be designed, for example, as a normally conducting n-channel transistor whose gate connection is connected to an output 74 of a control and evaluation device 70.
- the control and evaluation device 70 can be designed, for example, as a microcontroller.
- the collector of the semiconductor switch 81 is connected to the power supply connection 11, while the emitter connection of the semiconductor switch 81 is connected to the output connection 16.
- a second controllable semiconductor switch 90 is provided, which can also be designed, for example, as a normally conducting n-channel transistor and forms a so-called IGBT transistor.
- the gate connection of the semiconductor switch 90 is also connected to an output 73 of the control and evaluation device 70, while the collector connection can be electrically connected to the power supply connection 11 and the emitter connection can be electrically connected to the output connection 16 or a second current path 19.
- the semiconductor switch 98 can have a semiconductor diode 96 connected in parallel to the collector and emitter, which enables a reverse current from the load 110 to the power supply connection 11.
- the semiconductor switch 90 is connected in series with a second mechanical switching contact 91, which is designed as a changeover contact.
- the two mechanical switching contacts 82 and 91 are part of the electromechanical switch 80. They are advantageously designed to be positively guided. It is conceivable that the two mechanical switching contacts 82 and 91 each belong to a separate electromechanical switch, which can be controlled via the control and evaluation device 70.
- a suitably dimensioned electrical pre-charging resistor 92 is provided, which can be switched in series with the semiconductor switch 90 by means of the mechanical switching contact 91. In this switching state, the second semiconductor switch 90 connected in series with the electrical pre-charging resistor 92 is then connected in parallel with the parallel circuit 150.
- the switching device 10 has the second current path 19, which is electrically connected to the second power supply connection 12 and the second output connection 17.
- the semiconductor switch 90 can be electrically connected to the second current path 19 via the mechanical switching contact 91.
- a current measuring device 100 is connected either in the first current path 18 or in the second current path 19.
- the current measuring device 100 is connected in the first current path 18, specifically between the parallel circuit 150 and the output connection 16.
- the current measuring device 100 can be designed as a current sensor in a manner known per se.
- An input 72 of the control and evaluation device 70 is connected to an output of the current measuring device 100.
- one task of the control and evaluation device 70 is to specifically switch the two semiconductor switches 81 and 90 either into a blocking or an electrically conductive state. and further to close or open the mechanical switching contact 82 in a predetermined manner and to connect the mechanical switching contact 91 in a targeted manner to the pre-charging resistor 92 or the second current path 19.
- an electrical fuse 140 can be provided, which can be connected externally between the conductor 22 and the supply connection 11 as an external fuse, for example.
- the fuse is connected as a device-internal component in the first current path 18 or second current path 19.
- the supply voltage of the switching device 10 can be obtained, for example, from the direct voltage applied to the power supply terminals 11 and 12. Alternatively, and as shown in Figure 1, the supply voltage of the switching device 10 can also be provided via a separate external power supply device 120, which can be connected, for example, via a switch 13 to a third and fourth power supply terminal 13 and 14 of the switching device 10.
- the power supply device 120 supplies, for example, a direct voltage LTB of, for example, 24 V.
- the supply voltage provided at the power supply terminals 13 and 14 can be fed to an internal voltage supply device 30, which is connected on the input side to the power supply terminals 13 and 14.
- the voltage supply device 30 can, for example, have a voltage converter and a voltage regulator, which ensure that a predetermined operating voltage is provided at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 for the switching device 10 and its components, such as the control and evaluation device 70.
- the voltage supply device 30 also supplies the necessary switching energy for controlling the mechanical switching contacts 82 and 91.
- the voltage supply device 30 supplies in particular a switching energy for the excitation coil 85 in order to be able to control the mechanical switching contacts 82 and 91 accordingly. If the supply voltage of the switching device 10 is derived from the DC voltage applied to the power supply terminals 11 and 12 obtained, the voltage supply device 30 is connected on the input side to the power supply terminals 11 and 12.
- an electrical energy storage device 40 for example in the form of a capacitor, can be connected to the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30.
- the output of the energy storage device 40 is connected, for example, to a supply connection 78 of the control and evaluation device 70.
- a detection device 50 can be provided that can detect in particular the failure of the power supply device 120 or a drop in the voltage supplied by the power supply device 120 below a predetermined threshold value.
- the detection device 50 can be implemented, for example, by a comparator that can be designed as a Schmitt trigger or, in the simplest case, as an AND gate, the first input of which is connected to the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30, while the second input of the detection device 50 can be electrically connected to an input connection 15 of the switching device 10.
- An external, preferably binary control signal can be applied to the input connection 15, which is supplied, for example, by a higher-level control device.
- the control signal preferably serves as a reference value with a predetermined threshold value.
- the output of the detection device 50 is connected to a digital input 71 of the control and evaluation device 70.
- the detection device 50 signals to the control and evaluation device 70 that the energy supply device 120 is fault-free.
- the Detection device 50 can also be an integral part of the control and evaluation device 70.
- the control and evaluation device 70 has two corresponding inputs which are electrically connected to the output 31 of the voltage supply device and the input connection 15.
- a control signal with a high level is present at the detection device 50 and the output voltage present at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30, which is also present at the detection device 50, falls below a predetermined threshold value that corresponds to a low level
- the detection device 50 generates a signal with a low level at its output, for example, which signals a faulty energy supply device 120 to the control and evaluation device 70.
- the control and evaluation device 70 triggers a preferably predetermined switch-off process.
- the energy stored in the energy storage device 40 is sufficient to carry out the switch-off process for disconnecting the electrical load 110 from the energy supply device 20 by means of the control and evaluation device 70.
- the predetermined threshold value from which the detection device 50 detects a low level at the input depends in particular on its implementation and dimensioning.
- a memory device 60 can be implemented in the switching device 10.
- the memory device 60 can be electrically connected to the control and evaluation device 70 as a separate memory module.
- the memory device 60 can alternatively also be an integrated component of the control and evaluation device 70.
- a predetermined current value can be stored in the memory device 60, which corresponds to the nominal current of the electrical fuse 140, from which, for example, a short-circuit current can be derived, when this occurs the semiconductor switch 90 must be switched to electrical conduction.
- a further predetermined current value can be stored in the memory device 60, which corresponds to the nominal current of the semiconductor switch 81.
- a further mechanical switching contact can be connected in the current path 18 and/or the current measuring path 19.
- a further mechanical switching contact 131 is connected in the current path 18 and a mechanical switching contact 132 is connected in the second current path 19.
- the two mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 can, for example, be positively guided switching contacts of a single electromechanical switch 130, which in a manner known per se has an excitation coil 133 located in a control circuit.
- the two mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 can also each be integrated in a separate electromechanical switch.
- the mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 serve in particular for the galvanic isolation of the electrical load 110.
- the two mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 and also the mechanical switching contact 82 are each designed as normally open contacts.
- the control and evaluation device 70 can have a further output 75, via which, for example, the switching energy for the excitation coil 133 can be supplied from the energy storage device 40.
- the switching device 10 is to carry out a switch-on process in which the electrical load 110 is electrically connected to the DC voltage supply device 20.
- control and evaluation device 70 ensures that the semiconductor switches 81 and 90 are electrically blocked and the mechanical switching contacts 82, 91, 131 and 132 assume the switching state shown in Figure 1. This can also be seen in part in Figures 2C to 2F.
- the control and evaluation device 70 achieves this preferably in that the excitation coils 85 and 133 are not energized, ie are not connected to the voltage supply device 30 or the energy storage device 40.
- a switch-on process is preferably initiated by applying a supply voltage to the power supply connections 13 and 14 at time tO using the DC voltage source 120, as shown in Figure 2A. If the switching device 10 optionally also wants to monitor the supply voltage applied to the power supply connections 13 and 14, a high level can also be applied to the input connection 15 as a control signal at time tO, as shown in Figure 2B.
- the control signal is preferably monitored by the detection device 50.
- the control and evaluation device 70 causes the mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 to be closed by energizing the excitation coil 133 using the voltage supply device 30 or the energy storage device 40. At this moment, the electrical potential of the conductor 21 is applied to the output connection 17 via the current path 19.
- the energy storage device 40 is now charged via the voltage supply device 30 and the detection device 50, which is designed, for example, as an AND gate, supplies a high level to the input 71 of the control and evaluation device 70, which signals to the control and evaluation device 70 that the supply voltage UB is properly present at the inputs 13 and 14 and the control signal is present at the input connection 15.
- the detection device 50 which is designed, for example, as an AND gate
- the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to control the semiconductor switch 90 to be electrically conductive at a time t1, as shown in Figure 2C, while the semiconductor switch 81 is blocked or is controlled or kept in a blocking manner by the control and evaluation device 70.
- a first time period t1-t0 can be stored in the data memory 60, which indicates when the semiconductor switch 90 is switched on after the control signal has been applied to the Input connection 15 is to be switched to electrically conductive.
- the control and evaluation device 70 can have a timer for this purpose, which is triggered by the application of the control signal to the input connection 15, wherein the control and evaluation device 70 switches the semiconductor switch 90 to electrically conductive after the first time period has elapsed. At this moment, the electrical potential of the conductor 22 is applied to the output connection 16 via the semiconductor switch 90 and the pre-charging resistor 92, so that a pre-charging current can flow via the semiconductor switch 90 and the pre-charging resistor 92 through the load 110 and the current path 19. It should be noted that the timer (not shown) can also be designed as a separate component that is electrically connected to the control and evaluation device 70.
- the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to switch the semiconductor switch 81 to conduct and the semiconductor switch 90 to block.
- a second time period t2-tl can be stored in the data memory 60, which indicates when the semiconductor switch 81 is to be switched to conduct and the semiconductor switch 90 to block.
- the timer is triggered at the time tl at which the semiconductor switch 90 is switched to electrical conduction, with the control and evaluation device 70 switching the semiconductor switch 81 to conduct and the semiconductor switch 90 to block after the second time period has elapsed.
- the time t2 at which the control and evaluation device 70 ensures that the semiconductor switch 81 is switched to electrically conductive and the semiconductor switch 90 is switched to electrically blocking can also be determined with the aid of the current sensor 100.
- the current value that triggers the corresponding control process can be determined, for example, by the nominal current of the semiconductor switch 81 or the nominal current of the fuse 140.
- This predetermined current value can in turn be stored in the storage device 60.
- the control and evaluation device 70 responds to this and causes the switching device 10 to switch the semiconductor switch 81 to conductive and the Semiconductor switch 90 is to be switched electrically blocking.
- the current value which determines the time t2 is to be dimensioned such that the semiconductor switch 81 and the fuse 140 cannot be overloaded at the time of switching on.
- the corresponding switching states of the semiconductor switches 81 and 90 are shown as examples in Figures 2C and 2D at the time t2.
- the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to close the mechanical switching contact 82 in order to relieve the load on the semiconductor switch 81 in a manner known per se. This can in particular reduce the power loss in the switching device 10, whereby a larger proportion of energy can be made available to the electrical load 110.
- the mechanical switching contact 91 acting as a changeover contact is switched so that the emitter connection of the semiconductor switch 90 is now electrically connected to the current path 19 and thus to the output connection 17.
- the time period t3-t2 can in turn be stored as a predetermined time value in the data memory 60.
- the control and evaluation device 70 is designed to access the values stored in the memory device 60 and use them accordingly.
- the timer is started at time t2, at which the semiconductor switch 81 is switched to electrical conduction, wherein after the expiration of the predetermined time period t3-t2, i.e. at time t3, the control and evaluation device 70 ensures that the mechanical switching contact 82 is closed and the mechanical switching contact 91 is electrically connected to the current path 19.
- this can be done by the control and evaluation device 70 ensuring that the excitation coil 85 is energized via the energy storage device 40, whereby the two mechanical switching contacts 82 and 91 are switched.
- the switch-on process is now complete and the switching device 10 connects the electrical load 110 to the DC voltage supply network 20 during proper operation.
- the control and evaluation device 70 is preferably designed to monitor the switching device for a short-circuit current after completion of the proper switch-on process with the aid of the current measuring device 100 in order to take appropriate safety precautions if a short-circuit current has been measured by the current measuring device 100. Accordingly, a current value that signals a short circuit can be stored in the memory device 60.
- the current measuring device 100 measures a current, for example in the current path 18, the value of which signals a short circuit to the control and evaluation device 70.
- the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to switch the semiconductor switch 90 electrically conductive again. Since the mechanical switching contact 91 is still electrically connected to the current path 19, the two conductors 21 and 22 of the DC voltage supply device 20 are short-circuited at this moment and the electrical load 110 is thus protected from damage.
- a short circuit that occurs can be kept away from the electrical load at any time during operation of the switching device 10. This is achieved in particular by the fact that, when a short circuit occurs, a current commutation takes place from the current path 18 via the semiconductor switch 90 and the mechanical switching contact 91 to the current path 19.
- the semiconductor switch 81 does not have to be kept in the electrically conductive state. Rather, it can be switched to the electrically blocking state at any time by the control and evaluation device 70.
- the control and evaluation device 70 is further designed to carry out a known switching-off process in order to electrically separate the electrical load 110 from the DC voltage power supply device 20.
- the control and evaluation device 17 can switch the semiconductor switch 81, if it has been controlled into the electrically blocking state during operation, back into the electrically conductive state and then, according to the exemplary implementation, transfer the excitation coils 85 and 133 into the de-energized state so that the mechanical switching contacts 82 and, if present, the mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 open, wherein, according to the exemplary embodiment, the pre-charging resistor 92 is then electrically connected to the collector of the semiconductor switch 90.
- the mechanical switching contacts 131 and 132 are advantageously only opened when the switching device 10 is in de-energized operation, ie at the earliest from time t6, in order to prevent damage to the switching contacts 131 and 132 as a result of arcing.
- the switching device 10 is preferably designed to monitor the supply voltage required to supply the switching device 10 during operation and, if necessary, to carry out a switch-off process.
- the control signal is still present at the input 15 and that during proper operation at time t4 the energy supply device 120 fails or the supply voltage UB supplied by the energy supply device 120 drops at the energy supply terminals 13 and 14. This is shown in Figure 2A. If, in response to this, the voltage present at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 drops to zero or below the predetermined threshold value, which is defined by the high level of the control signal present at the input terminal 15, this voltage drop is detected by the detection device 50 and reported to the control and evaluation device 70.
- the detection device 50 which is designed as a Schmitt trigger, for example, can signal a corresponding voltage drop below the predetermined threshold value by an output-side level change of the control and evaluation device 70.
- the predetermined threshold value is determined in particular by the implementation and dimensioning of the detection device 50. In particular, the predetermined threshold value determines when the detection device 50 detects a low level at its corresponding input.
- the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to carry out a switch-off process using the energy stored in the energy storage device 40, which can correspond to the previously described switch-off process in normal operation.
- the exemplary switch-off process is shown in Figures 2A to 2F.
- the power supply device 20 can be monitored by the switching device 10 for proper operation if the internal power supply of the switching device 20 is obtained from the direct voltage provided by the power supply device 20 at the terminals 11 and 12.
- the power supply terminals 11 and 12 are connected to the power supply terminals 13 and 14 or the inputs of the voltage supply device 30. In this case, no power supply device is connected to the power supply voltage terminals 13 and 14.
- the control signal is still present at the input 15 and that during proper operation the energy supply device 20 fails at time t4 or the supply voltage UB supplied by the energy supply device 20 drops at the energy supply connections 11 and 12. If, in response to this, the voltage present at the output 31 of the voltage supply device 30 drops to zero or below the predetermined threshold value, this voltage drop is detected by the detection device 50 and reported to the control and evaluation device 70. For example, in this case the detection device 50 generates a low level at its output, which signals to the control and evaluation device 70 that the energy supply device 20 is faulty.
- the detection device 50 which is designed as a Schmitt trigger, for example, can signal a corresponding voltage drop by a level change on the output side of the control and evaluation device 70.
- the predetermined threshold value is determined in particular by the implementation and dimensioning of the detection device 50. In particular, the predetermined threshold value determines when the detection device 50 detects a low level at its corresponding input. In response to the failure of the power supply voltage at the power supply connections 11 and 12 or in response to a corresponding voltage drop at the output 31 of the power supply device 30, the control and evaluation device 70 causes the switching device 10 to carry out a switch-off process using the energy stored in the energy storage device 40, which can correspond to the previously described switch-off process in proper operation.
- the switching off process can be carried out by the switching device 10 without disruption in particular because the electrical energy storage device 40 supplies the necessary energy to supply the control and evaluation device 70 as well as the corresponding semiconductor switches and electromechanical switches with energy if the device supply of the switching device 10 via the DC voltage supply device 20 connected to the first and second energy supply connection 11, 12 or via the energy supply device 120 connected to the third and fourth energy supply connection 13, 14 collapses or fails completely.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE20235059A BE1031301B1 (de) | 2023-01-31 | 2023-01-31 | Schaltgerät zum elektrischen Ein- und Ausschalten einer mit einer Gleichspannungs-Versorgungseinrichtung verbindbaren elektrischen Last |
| PCT/EP2024/051905 WO2024160672A1 (de) | 2023-01-31 | 2024-01-26 | Schaltgerät zum elektrischen ein- und ausschalten einer mit einer gleichspannungs-versorgungseinrichtung verbindbaren elektrischen last |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4659354A1 true EP4659354A1 (de) | 2025-12-10 |
Family
ID=85251765
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24702160.3A Pending EP4659354A1 (de) | 2023-01-31 | 2024-01-26 | Schaltgerät zum elektrischen ein- und ausschalten einer mit einer gleichspannungs-versorgungseinrichtung verbindbaren elektrischen last |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4659354A1 (de) |
| BE (1) | BE1031301B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024160672A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE112011100448B4 (de) * | 2010-02-05 | 2020-03-19 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Schaltung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines zuschaltbaren elektrischen Systems und eines elektrischen Netzes eines Fahrzeuges |
| EP2873083B1 (de) | 2012-08-30 | 2018-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schaltgerät zum steuern der energiezufuhr eines nachgeschalteten elektromotors |
| GB201610901D0 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-08-03 | Eaton Ind Austria Gmbh | Hybrid DC circuit breaker |
-
2023
- 2023-01-31 BE BE20235059A patent/BE1031301B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2024
- 2024-01-26 WO PCT/EP2024/051905 patent/WO2024160672A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-26 EP EP24702160.3A patent/EP4659354A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE1031301B1 (de) | 2024-09-02 |
| WO2024160672A1 (de) | 2024-08-08 |
| BE1031301A1 (de) | 2024-08-27 |
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