EP4658627A1 - Chemically strengthened high toughness glass - Google Patents

Chemically strengthened high toughness glass

Info

Publication number
EP4658627A1
EP4658627A1 EP24710272.6A EP24710272A EP4658627A1 EP 4658627 A1 EP4658627 A1 EP 4658627A1 EP 24710272 A EP24710272 A EP 24710272A EP 4658627 A1 EP4658627 A1 EP 4658627A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
equal
less
mpa
glass
kgf
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24710272.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Morris CLARK
Jeffrey Alan DECKER
Benedict Osobomen Egboiyi
Zhenhua Guo
Pascale Oram
Rostislav Vatchev Roussev
David Michael Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Inc
Original Assignee
Corning Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Inc filed Critical Corning Inc
Publication of EP4658627A1 publication Critical patent/EP4658627A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum

Definitions

  • the present specification generally relates to strengthened glass-based articles and, more specifically, to strengthened glass-based articles having a high surface compressive stress and low frangibility.
  • Glass-based substrates are commonly used, for example, in display devices, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electrophoretic displays (EPD), organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), or the like.
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • EPD electrophoretic displays
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diode displays
  • PDPs plasma display panels
  • Aspect 1 a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein the glass-based article having a peak compressive stress (CS P ) that is greater than or equal to 550 MPa, a thickness (t) that is less than or equal to 1.00 mm, a compressive stress at a knee (CSk) that is greater than or equal to 100 MPa, a depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) that is greater than or equal to 0.17, wherein the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 14 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
  • CS P peak compressive stress
  • CSk compressive stress at a knee
  • DOC/t depth
  • Aspect 2 the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the glass-based article has a peak compressive stress (CS P ) that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa.
  • CS P peak compressive stress
  • Aspect 3 the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the glass-based article has a peak compressive stress (CS P ) that is greater than or equal to 720 MPa.
  • CS P peak compressive stress
  • Aspect 4 the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the glass-based article has a peak compressive stress (CS P ) that is greater than or equal to 800 MPa.
  • CS P peak compressive stress
  • Aspect 5 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) is greater than or equal to 0.18.
  • Aspect 6 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 1020 MPa.
  • Aspect 7 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is greater than or equal to 140 MPa.
  • Aspect 8 the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the peak compressive stress (CS P ) that is greater than or equal to 950 MPa, the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) that is greater than or equal to 140 MPa, and the depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) that is greater than or equal to 0.19.
  • CS P peak compressive stress
  • CSk compressive stress at the knee
  • DOC/t depth of compression per thickness
  • Aspect 9 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 1060 MPa.
  • Aspect 10 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CS P ) that is less than or equal to 1500 MPa, the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is less than or equal to 240 MPa, the central tension (CT) is less than or equal to 120 MPa, a total stored tension energy is less than or equal to 30 J/m 2 , and the depth of layer of a surface compressive stress spike (DOL sp ) is less than or equal to 12 pm.
  • CS P peak compressive stress
  • CSk compressive stress at the knee
  • CT central tension
  • a total stored tension energy is less than or equal to 30 J/m 2
  • DOL sp depth of layer of a surface compressive stress spike
  • Aspect 11 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 1100 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa.
  • Aspect 12 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is greater than or equal to 180 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa.
  • Aspect 13 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) is greater than or equal to 0.20.
  • Aspect 14 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein depth of layer of the surface compressive stress spike (DOL sp ) is less than or equal to 7 pm.
  • DOL sp surface compressive stress spike
  • Aspect 15 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the surface compressive stress spike has: a depth of layer (DOL sp ) that is less than or equal to 4 pm; a high compressive stress slope of greater than or equal to 300 MPa/pm in the 0 pm to 3 pm depth of the surface compressive stress spike, and a low compressive stress slope of less than or equal to 50 MPa/pm in the 3 pm to 6 pm depth of the surface compressive stress spike.
  • DOL sp depth of layer
  • Aspect 16 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the central tension (CT) is greater than or equal to 90 MPa.
  • Aspect 17 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the central tension (CT) is greater than or equal to 100 MPa.
  • Aspect 18 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the central tension (CT) is greater than or equal to 110 MPa.
  • Aspect 19 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.73 mm.
  • Aspect 20 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.70 mm.
  • Aspect 21 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.65 mm.
  • Aspect 22 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored energy that is less than or equal to 90 J/m 2 .
  • Aspect 23 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored energy that is greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m 2 .
  • Aspect 24 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored tension energy that is greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 30 J/m 2 .
  • Aspect 25 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored tension energy that is greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 .
  • Aspect 26 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored compression energy that is greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 .
  • Aspect 27 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the molar ratio of Li2O to Na?O is greater than or equal to 1.4.
  • Aspect 28 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein a fracture toughness at the mid-plane of the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa • /m and less than or equal to 0.85 MPa • Vm.
  • Aspect 29 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein a Young’ s modulus of the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa.
  • Aspect 30 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the tension area divided by the thickness (t) is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa.
  • Aspect 31 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a stress that is greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper.
  • 4PB four point bend
  • Aspect 32 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a stress that is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper.
  • 4PB four point bend
  • Aspect 32 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a stress that is greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper.
  • 4PB four point bend
  • Aspect 34 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30 and 31, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a drop test using 80 grit sandpaper at heights greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm.
  • Aspect 35 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30 and 32, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a drop test using 80 grit sandpaper at heights greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm.
  • Aspect 36 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30 and 33, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a drop test using 80 grit sandpaper at heights greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm.
  • Aspect 37 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 31, and 34, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a load that is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf measured using a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test.
  • ROR ring on ring
  • Aspect 38 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 32, and 35, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a load that is greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf measured using a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test.
  • ROR ring on ring
  • Aspect 39 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 33, and 36, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a load that is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf measured using a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test.
  • ROR ring on ring
  • Aspect 40 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 31, 34, and 37, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm has an applied edge strength that is greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) uniaxial flexural test.
  • 4PB four point bend
  • Aspect 42 the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 33, 36, and 39, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and has an applied edge strength that is greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) uniaxial flexural test.
  • 4PB four point bend
  • Aspect 43 the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% to less than or equal to 66 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 14 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 7 mol% to less than or equal to 9 mol% Li2O; greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol% Na20; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol% B2O3; and greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol% TiCh.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, the first slope is greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm and has a median value that is greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, measured by RNF, the second slope is greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/pm and has a median value that is greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm
  • Aspect 45 The glass-based article of aspect 44, wherein the first slope has a median value that is greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, measured by RNF.
  • Aspect 46 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 44 and 45, wherein the second slope has a median value that is greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/pm, measured by RNF.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.25, measured by RNF, Cs p is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, measured by RNF, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.08, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or
  • Aspect 52 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 51, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 53 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 52, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
  • Aspect 54 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 53, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.25, measured by RNF, Cs p is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, measured by RNF, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.05, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or
  • Aspect 57 The glass-based article of aspect 56, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
  • Aspect 58 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 and 57, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
  • Aspect 59 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 58, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 60 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 59, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
  • Aspect 61 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 60, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect 62 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 61, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, measured by RNF, the glass-based article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises:
  • Aspect 64 The glass-based article of aspect 63, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf.
  • Aspect 65 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 and 64, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
  • Aspect 66 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 65, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 67 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 66, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
  • Aspect 68 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 67, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect 69 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 68, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a ratio of tension energy to compression energy is greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.45, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
  • Aspect 71 The glass-based article of aspect 70, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
  • Aspect 72 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 and 71, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
  • Aspect 73 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 72, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 74 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 73, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
  • Aspect 75 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 74, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect 76 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 75, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.30, measured by SLP and FSM, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.44, measured by SLP and FSM; a CS P that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, and the glass-based article comprises
  • Aspect 78 The glass-based article of aspect 77, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
  • Aspect 80 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 to 79, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 82 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 to 81, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CS P ) is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, measured by SLP and FSM, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, measured by SLP and FSM; the thickness is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than
  • Aspect 85 The glass-based article of aspect 84, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
  • Aspect 86 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 84 and 85, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
  • Aspect 87 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 86, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 88 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 87, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
  • Aspect 89 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 88, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect 90 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 89, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
  • Aspect 91 The glass-based article of aspect 90, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
  • Aspect 92 The glass-based article of any one of aspect 90 and 91, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
  • Aspect 93 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 92, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
  • Aspect 94 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 93, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
  • Aspect 95 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 94, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect 96 The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 95, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts the cross-section of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the stress profile of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 3 is a magnified graph showing the stress profile of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the alkali metal content of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B schematically depict electronic devices including glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 6A is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 1;
  • FIG. 6B is a magnified graph showing the stress profile of a spike region, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 2.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 4.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 5;
  • FIG. 11A is a graph showing the alkali metal concentration of a glass-based article according to embodiments disclosed and described herein after a first ion exchange step
  • FIG. 1 IB is a graph showing the alkali metal concentration of a glass-based article according to embodiments disclosed and described herein after a second ion exchange step;
  • FIG. 11C is a graph of potassium oxide concentration of a glass-based article according to embodiments disclosed and described herein after a second ion exchange step;
  • FIG. 12 is a bar graph of total stored compression energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 13 is a bar graph of total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 14 is a bar graph of total stored energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 15 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 16 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured using RNF, of previously known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 17 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured using RNF, of previously known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 18 is a scatter plot graph of tension area/thickness vs. central tension of glassbased articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as previously known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 19 is a graph showing retained strength measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 20 schematically depicts a puck used in a drop test according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 21 is a graph showing drop test results of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 22 is a graph showing surface strength measure by a ring on ring test of glassbased articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 23 is a graph showing edge strength measured by a four point bending test of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 24 is a plot graph of the spike region slope of 0.50 mm thick glass-based articles according, measured using RNF, to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
  • FIG. 25 is a plot graph of the spike region slope of 0.55 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
  • FIG. 26 is a plot graph of the spike region slope of 0.60 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
  • FIG. 27 is a plot graph of the low-slope region slope of 0.50 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
  • FIG. 28 is a plot graph of the low-slope region slope of 0.55 mm thick glass-based articles according, measured using RNF, to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
  • FIG. 29 is a plot graph of the low-slope region slope of 0.60 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
  • FIG. 30 is a plot graph of CSk/CS p versus DOL/DOC for a glass-based article, measured using RNF, of a comparative sample at various thicknesses;
  • FIG. 31 is a plot graph of CSk/CS p versus DOL/DOC for a glass-based article, measured using RNF, of a comparative sample at various thicknesses;
  • FIG. 32 is a plot graph of CSk/CS p versus DOL/DOC for a glass-based article, measured using RNF, of a sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein at various thicknesses;
  • FIG. 34 is a bar graph of total stored compression energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 35 is a bar graph of total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 36 is a bar graph of total stored energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 37 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 38 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured by SLP and FSM, of previously known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 39 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured by SLP and FSM, of previously known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 40 is a scatter plot graph of tension area/thickness vs. central tension of glassbased articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as previously known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 41 is a scatter plot graph of spike slope (first slope region), measured by SLP and FSM, for glass-based according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 42 is a scatter plot graph of low slope (second slope region), measured by SLP and FSM, for glass-based according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 43 is a scatter plot graph of CS TP/CS (CSk/CS) versus DOL TP/DOL Zero (DOL/DOC), measured by SLP and FSM, of known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 44 is a scatter plot graph of CS TP/CS (CSk/CS) versus DOL TP/DOL Zero (DOL/DOC), measured by SLP and FSM, of known glass-based articles;
  • FIG. 45 is a scatter plot graph of CS TP/CS (CSk/CS) versus DOL TP/DOL Zero (DOL/DOC), measured by SLP and FSM, of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein; and
  • FIG. 46 is a bar graph of a figure of merit (FOM), measured by SLP and FSM, for glass-articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and known glass-based articles.
  • FOM figure of merit
  • Lithium-containing glasses may be able to achieve a large depth of compression quickly via fast ion-exchange counter-diffusion of sodium (Na) and lithium (Li) ions.
  • lithium-containing glasses also can achieve a high-compression surface layer, referred to herein as a spike by diffusing potassium (K) to a small depth of the glass-based article, such as diffusing K ions at a depth of about 2 to 10 microns (pm).
  • K diffusing potassium
  • Embodiments disclosed and described herein offer new combinations of stress profiles having simultaneously high CS, high CSk, relatively high DOL sp , and high DOC. Moreover, the Li-containing glass compositions disclosed and described herein achieving these stress profiles, and in particular high DOC, in a practical amount of time that makes the fabrication process commercially acceptable. Furthermore, some of the fundamental mechanical properties of these Li-containing glass compositions disclosed and described herein are improved, such as providing higher fracture toughness, higher levels of fracture resistance resulting from these advantageous stress profiles.
  • glass compositions comprising lithium, and particularly lithium aluminosilicate glasses, provide good ion exchangeability, and chemical strengthening processes have been used to achieve high strength and high toughness properties in lithium aluminosilicate glasses.
  • Lithium aluminosilicate glasses are highly ion exchangeable glasses with high glass quality.
  • the substitution of AI2O3 into the silicate glass network increases the interdiffusivity of monovalent cations during ion exchange.
  • a molten salt bath e.g., KNO3 or NaNCL
  • the stress profiles achieved through chemical strengthening may have a variety of shapes that increase the drop performance, strength, toughness, and other attributes of the glass-based articles.
  • lithium aluminosilicate glasses with good physical properties, chemical durability, and ion exchangeability have drawn attention for use as cover glass.
  • lithium containing aluminosilicate glasses, which have higher fracture toughness and reasonable raw material costs are provided herein.
  • CT central tension
  • DOC depth of compression
  • CS high compressive stress
  • the addition of lithium in the aluminosilicate glass may reduce the melting point, softening point, or liquidus viscosity of the glass.
  • the concentration of constituent components are given in mole percent (mol%) on an oxide basis, unless otherwise specified.
  • Components of the alkali aluminosilicate glass composition according to embodiments are discussed individually below. It should be understood that any of the variously recited ranges of one component may be individually combined with any of the variously recited ranges for any other component.
  • a trailing 0 in a number is intended to represent a significant digit for that number. For example, the number “1.0” includes two significant digits, and the number “1.00” includes three significant digits.
  • a “glass substrate” refers to a glass piece that has not been ion exchanged.
  • a “glass-based article” refers to a glass piece that has been ion exchanged and is formed by subjecting a glass substrate to an ion exchange process.
  • a “glass-based substrate” and a “glass-based article” are defined accordingly and include glass substrates and glass-based articles as well as substrates and articles that are made wholly or partly of glass, such as glass substrates that include a surface coating. While glass substrates and glass-based articles may generally be referred to herein for the sake of convenience, the descriptions of glass substrates and glass-based articles should be understood to apply equally to glass-based substrates and glass-based articles.
  • glass-based includes both glasses and glass-ceramics, wherein glass-ceramics have one or more crystalline phases and an amorphous, residual glass phase.
  • a glass-based material e.g., glass-based substrate
  • Amorphous materials and glass-based materials may be strengthened.
  • P2O5 and B2O3 containing lithium aluminosilicate glass compositions that exhibit a high fracture toughness (Kic).
  • the glass compositions are characterized by a Kic fracture toughness value of at least 0.75 MPaVm.
  • the glasses described herein are able to achieve these fracture toughness values without the inclusion of additives, such as ZrCh, Ta20s, TiCh, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3 that increase the fracture toughness but are expensive and may have limited commercial availability. In this respect, the glasses disclosed herein provide comparable or improved performance with reduced manufacturing costs.
  • compositions described herein are selected to achieve high fracture toughness values while also maintaining a desired degree of manufacturability.
  • the compositions include high amounts of AI2O3 and Li2O to produce a desired fracture toughness while maintaining compatibility with desired manufacturing limits.
  • the drop performance of ion exchanged glassbased articles formed from the glass compositions described herein is improved by increasing the depth of compression (DOC), which may be achieved at least in part by selecting a high Li/Na molar ratio.
  • DOC depth of compression
  • the glass compositions described herein provide improved ion exchange performance, as evidenced by an increased central tension capability and increased ion exchange speed, while also avoiding volatility issues at free surfaces during manufacturing that may be introduced by B2O3 and P2O5 contents that are too high.
  • SiO2 is the largest constituent and, as such, SiO2 is the primary constituent of the glass network formed from the glass composition.
  • Pure SiC>2 has a relatively low CTE.
  • pure SiCh has a high melting point. Accordingly, if the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition is too high, the formability of the glass composition may be diminished as higher concentrations of SiCh increase the difficulty of melting the glass, which, in turn, adversely impacts the formability of the glass. If the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition is too low the chemical durability of the glass may be diminished, and the glass may be susceptible to surface damage during post-forming treatments.
  • the glass composition generally comprises SiCh in an amount of from greater than or equal to 60 mol% to less than or equal to 66 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 60.5 mol% to less than or equal to 65.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 61 mol% to less than or equal to 65 mol%, greater than or equal to 61.5 mol% to less than or equal to 64.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 62 mol% to less than or equal to 64 mol%, greater than or equal to 62.5 mol% to less than or equal to 63.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 63 mol% to less than or equal to 65 mol%, greater than or equal to 64 mol% to less than or equal to 65 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions include AI2O3.
  • AI2O3 may serve as a glass network former, similar to SiCh.
  • AI2O3 may increase the viscosity of the glass composition due to its tetrahedral coordination in a glass melt formed from a glass composition, decreasing the formability of the glass composition when the amount of AI2O3 is too high.
  • AI2O3 can reduce the liquidus temperature of the glass melt, thereby enhancing the liquidus viscosity and improving the compatibility of the glass composition with certain forming processes.
  • the inclusion of AI2O3 in the glass compositions enables the high fracture toughness values described herein.
  • the glass composition comprises AhO3 in a concentration of from greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% to less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 12.0 mol% to less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 14.0 mol% to less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14.5 mol% to less than or equal to 15.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% to less than or equal to 15.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions include Li2O.
  • the inclusion of Li2O in the glass composition allows for better control of an ion exchange process and further reduces the softening point of the glass, thereby increasing the manufacturability of the glass.
  • the presence of Li2O in the glass compositions also allows the formation of a stress profile with a parabolic shape.
  • the Li2O in the glass compositions enables the high fracture toughness values described herein.
  • the glass composition comprises Li2O in an amount from greater than or equal to 6.0 mol% to less than or equal to 9 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% to less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% to less than or equal to 8.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol% to less than or equal to 8.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% to less than or equal to 8 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the amount of Li2O in the glass composition is greater than or equal to 6 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% or greater than or equal to 8 mol%.
  • the glass compositions described herein include Na2O.
  • Na2O may aid in the ionexchangeability of the glass composition, and improve the formability, and thereby manufacturability, of the glass composition.
  • the CTE may be too low, and the melting point may be too high.
  • too much Na2O is included in the glass relative to the amount of Li2O the ability of the glass to achieve a deep depth of compression when ion exchanged may be reduced.
  • the glass composition comprises Na2O in an amount from greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 4.0 mol% to less than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.5 mol% to less than or equal to 5.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions described herein include P2O5.
  • P2O5 increases the diffusivity of ions in the glass, increasing the speed of the ion exchange process. If too much P2O5 is included in the composition the amount of compressive stress imparted in an ion exchange process may be reduced and volatility at free surfaces during manufacturing may increase to undesirable levels.
  • the glass composition comprises P2O5 in an amount from greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 1.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions described herein include B2O3.
  • B2O3 increases the fracture toughness of the glass.
  • the glass compositions include boron in the trigonal configuration that increases the Knoop scratch threshold and fracture toughness of the glasses. If too much B2O3 is included in the composition the amount of compressive stress imparted in an ion exchange process may be reduced and volatility at free surfaces during manufacturing may increase to undesirable levels.
  • the glass composition comprises B2O3 in an amount from greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 5.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 2 mol% to less than or equal to 4.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.5 mol% to less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% to less than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions described herein generally include TiCh.
  • the inclusion of too much TiCh in the glass composition may result in the glass being susceptible to devitrification and/or exhibiting an undesirable coloration as well as undesirably changing the liquidus.
  • the inclusion of TiCh in the glass composition prevents the undesirable discoloration of the glass if exposed to intense ultraviolet light, such as during post-processing treatments.
  • the glass composition comprises TiCh in an amount from greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.2 mol% to less than or equal to 0.9 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% to less than or equal to 0.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol% to less than or equal to 0.7 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 0.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions may include K2O.
  • K2O is included in the glass composition.
  • DOLSP compressive stress spike
  • the glass composition comprises K2O in an amount from greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.4 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.2 mol% to less than or equal to 0.3 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass compositions described herein may include MgO.
  • MgO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which enhances the formability and manufacturability of the glass.
  • the inclusion of MgO in a glass composition may also improve the strain point and the Young’s modulus of the glass composition.
  • the liquidus viscosity may be too low for compatibility with desirable forming techniques.
  • the addition of too much MgO may also increase the density and the CTE of the glass composition to undesirable levels.
  • the inclusion of MgO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein.
  • the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass composition is substantially free or free of MgO.
  • substantially free means that the component is not purposefully added as a component of the batch material even though the component may be present in the final glass composition in very small amounts as a contaminant, such as less than 0.1 mol%.
  • the glass compositions described herein may include CaO.
  • CaO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus.
  • the density and the CTE of the glass composition may increase to undesirable levels and the ion exchangeability of the glass may be undesirably impeded.
  • the inclusion of CaO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein.
  • the glass composition comprises CaO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass composition is substantially free or free of CaO.
  • the glass compositions described herein may include SrO.
  • SrO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus.
  • the density and the CTE of the glass composition may increase to undesirable levels and the ion exchangeability of the glass may be undesirably impeded.
  • the inclusion of SrO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein.
  • the glass composition comprises SrO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass composition is substantially free or free of SrO.
  • the glass compositions described herein may include ZnO.
  • ZnO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. However, if too much ZnO is added to the glass composition, the density and the CTE of the glass composition may increase to undesirable levels.
  • the inclusion of ZnO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein and provides protection against UV induced discoloration.
  • the glass composition comprises ZnO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.9 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.2 mol% to less than or equal to 0.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% to less than or equal to 0.7 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol% to less than or equal to 0.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.3 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass composition is substantially free or free of ZnO.
  • the glass compositions may optionally include one or more fining agents.
  • the fining agent may include, for example, SnCh.
  • SnCh may be present in the glass composition in an amount less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, such as from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.1 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.05 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass composition may be substantially free or free of SnCh. In embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of one or both of arsenic and antimony. In other embodiments, the glass composition may be free of one or both of arsenic and antimony.
  • the glass compositions described herein may be formed primarily from SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, and B2O3. In embodiments, the glass compositions are substantially free or free of components other than SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, B2O3, and TiCh. In embodiments, the glass compositions are substantially free or free of components other than SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, B2O3, TiCh, and a fining agent.
  • the glass compositions are substantially free or free of components other than SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, B2O3, TiC>2, K2O, CaO, MgO, SrO, and a fining agent.
  • the glass composition may be substantially free or free of Fe2O3. Iron is often present in raw materials utilized to form glass compositions, and as a result may be detectable in the glass compositions described herein even when not actively added to the glass batch.
  • the glass composition may be substantially free or free of ZrCh.
  • the inclusion of ZrCh in the glass composition may result in the formation of undesirable zirconia inclusions in the glass, due at least in part to the low solubility of ZrCh in the glass. While the inclusion of ZrCh in the glass may increase the fracture toughness, there are cost and supply constraints as well as the previously described devitrification issues that may make using these components undesirable for commercial purposes. Stated differently, the ability of the glass compositions described herein to achieve high fracture toughness values within the inclusion of ZrCh provides a cost and manufacturability advantage.
  • the glass composition may be substantially free or free of at least one of Ta2Os, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3.
  • the glass composition may be substantially free or free of Ta20s, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3. While these components may increase the fracture toughness of the glass when included, there are cost and supply constraints that make using these components undesirable for commercial purposes. Stated differently, the ability of the glass compositions described herein to achieve high fracture toughness values within the inclusion of Ta2Os, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3 provides a cost and manufacturability advantage.
  • the glass compositions described herein may be described in terms of a lithium to sodium molar ratio (Li2O/Na2O).
  • Li2O/Na2O lithium to sodium molar ratio
  • a high Li2O/Na2O molar ratio allows a deep depth of compression (DOC) to be achieved when the glass compositions are ion exchanged.
  • DOC deep depth of compression
  • the increased DOC capability attributable to the high Li2O/Na2O molar ratios allows the ion exchanged articles formed from the glass compositions to exhibit improved drop performance, especially on rough surfaces.
  • the glass compositions described herein can be strengthened, such as by ion exchange, making a glass-based article that is damage resistant for applications such as, but not limited to, display covers.
  • a glass-based article is depicted that has a first region under compressive stress (e.g., first and second compressive stress layers 120, 122 in FIG. 1) extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the glassbased article and a second region (e.g., central region 130 in FIG. 1) under a tensile stress or central tension (CT) extending from the DOC into the central or interior region of the glassbased article.
  • first and second compressive stress layers 120, 122 in FIG. 1 extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the glassbased article
  • DOC depth of compression
  • CT central tension
  • DOC refers to the depth at which the stress within the glass-based article changes from compressive to tensile. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress and thus exhibits a stress value of zero.
  • compression or compressive stress is expressed as a negative ( ⁇ 0) stress and tension or tensile stress is expressed as a positive (> 0) stress.
  • the compressive stress (CS) has a maximum at or near the surface of the glass-based article, and the CS varies with distance d from the surface according to a function. Referring again to FIG. 1, a first segment 120 extends from first surface 110 to a depth di and a second segment 122 extends from second surface 112 to a depth d2. Together, these segments define a compression or CS of glass-based article 100.
  • Compressive stress layers may be formed in the glass by exposing the glass to an ion exchange medium.
  • the ion exchange medium may be molten nitrate salt.
  • the ion exchange medium may be a molten salt bath, and may include KNO3, NaNCh, or combinations thereof.
  • other sodium and potassium salts may be used in the ion exchange medium, such as, for example sodium or potassium nitrites, carbonates, phosphates, or sulfates.
  • the ion exchange medium may include lithium salts, such as LiNCh.
  • the ion exchange medium may additionally include additives commonly included when ion exchanging glass, such as silicic acid.
  • the ion exchange process is applied to a glass-based substrate to form a glass-based article that includes a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression and a central tension region.
  • the glass-based substrate utilized in the ion exchange process may include any of the glass compositions described herein.
  • the ion exchange medium comprises NaNCh. The sodium in the ion exchange medium exchanges with lithium ions in the glass to produce a compressive stress.
  • the ion exchange medium may include NaNCh in an amount of less than or equal to 95 wt%, such as less than or equal to 90 wt%, less than or equal to 80 wt%, less than or equal to 70 wt%, less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, less than or equal to 40 wt%, less than or equal to 30 wt%, less than or equal to 20 wt%, less than or equal to 10 wt%, or less.
  • 95 wt% such as less than or equal to 90 wt%, less than or equal to 80 wt%, less than or equal to 70 wt%, less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, less than or equal to 40 wt%, less than or equal to 30 wt%, less than or equal to 20 wt%, less than or equal to 10 wt%, or less.
  • the ion exchange medium may include NaNCh in an amount of greater than or equal to 5 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 90 wt%, or more.
  • the ion exchange medium may include NaNCh in an amount of greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 100 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the molten ion exchange medium includes 100 wt% NaNCh.
  • the ion exchange medium comprises KNO3.
  • the ion exchange medium may include KNO3 in an amount of less than or equal to 95 wt%, such as less than or equal to 90 wt%, less than or equal to 80 wt%, less than or equal to 70 wt%, less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, less than or equal to 40 wt%, less than or equal to 30 wt%, less than or equal to 20 wt%, less than or equal to 10 wt%, or less.
  • the ion exchange medium may include KNO3 in an amount of greater than or equal to 5 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 90 wt%, or more.
  • KNO3 in an amount of greater than or equal to 5 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 90 wt%, or more.
  • the ion exchange medium may include KNO3 in an amount of greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 100 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the molten ion exchange medium includes 100 wt% KNO3.
  • the ion exchange medium may include a mixture of sodium and potassium.
  • the ion exchange medium is a mixture of potassium and sodium, such as a molten salt bath that includes both NaNCh and KNO3.
  • the ion exchange medium may include any combination NaNCh and KNO3 in the amounts described above, such as a molten salt bath containing 50.0 wt% NaNCh and 50.0 wt% KNO3, containing 80.0 wt% NaNOs and 20.0 wt% KNO3, containing 70.0 wt% NaNCh and 30.0 wt% KNO3.
  • the glass composition may be exposed to the ion exchange medium by dipping a glass substrate made from the glass composition into a bath of the ion exchange medium, spraying the ion exchange medium onto a glass substrate made from the glass composition, or otherwise physically applying the ion exchange medium to a glass substrate made from the glass composition to form the ion exchanged glass-based article.
  • the ion exchange medium may, according to embodiments, be at a temperature from greater than or equal to 360 °C to less than or equal to 500 °C, such as greater than or equal to 370 °C to less than or equal to 490 °C, greater than or equal to 380 °C to less than or equal to 480 °C, greater than or equal to 390 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, greater than or equal to 400 °C to less than or equal to 460 °C, greater than or equal to 410 °C to less than or equal to 450 °C, greater than or equal to 420 °C to less than or equal to 440 °C, greater than or equal to 430 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, greater than or equal to 400 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, greater than or equal to 380 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, and all ranges and sub-ranges between
  • the glass composition may be exposed to the ion exchange medium for a duration from greater than or equal to 10 minutes to less than or equal to 48 hours, such as greater than or equal to 10 minutes to less than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 0.5 hours to less than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 1 hours to less than or equal to 18 hours, greater than or equal to 2 hours to less than or equal to 12 hours, greater than or equal to 4 hours to less than or equal to 8 hours, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the ion exchange process may include a second ion exchange treatment and an optional third ion exchange treatment.
  • the second ion exchange treatment may include ion exchanging the glass-based article in a second molten salt bath.
  • the second ion exchange treatment may utilize any of the ion exchange mediums described herein.
  • the second ion exchange treatment utilizes a second molten salt bath that includes KNO3.
  • the third ion exchange treatment may include ion exchanging the glass-based article in a third molten salt bath.
  • the third ion exchange treatment may utilize any of the ion exchange mediums described herein.
  • the third ion exchange treatment utilizes a second molten salt bath that includes KNO3
  • Compressive stress may be measured by surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan).
  • FSM surface stress meter
  • FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan).
  • SOC stress optical coefficient
  • ASTM standard C770-16 entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress- Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein have a shallow depth (such as a compressive stress spike region within the first 6 pm of depth) resulting from lower potassium diffusion rates. Accordingly, metrology using longer wavelengths may not accurately capture the shallow stress profile characteristics because there is an insufficient number fringes to capture the birefringence of those shallow stress profile characteristics. As a result, metrology with shorter wavelength light source(s) are needed to accurately measure the stress profile within the spike region from glass surface to the knee (described in more detail below).
  • the central tension (CT) and depth of compression (DOC) was measured using a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) technique known in the art.
  • SCALP scattered light polariscope
  • the refracted near-field (RNF) method or SCALP may be used to determine the stress profile of the glass-based articles.
  • RNF scattered near-field
  • the maximum CT value provided by SCALP is utilized in the RNF method.
  • the stress profile determined by RNF is force balanced and calibrated to the maximum CT value provided by a SCALP measurement.
  • the RNF method is described in U.S. Patent No. 8,854,623, entitled “Systems and methods for measuring a profile characteristic of a glass sample,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the RNF method includes placing the glass-based article adjacent to a reference block, generating a polarization-switched light beam that is switched between orthogonal polarizations at a rate of between 1 Hz and 50 Hz, measuring an amount of power in the polarization-switched light beam and generating a polarization-switched reference signal, wherein the measured amounts of power in each of the orthogonal polarizations are within 50% of each other.
  • the method further includes transmitting the polarization-switched light beam through the glass sample and reference block for different depths into the glass sample, then relaying the transmitted polarization-switched light beam to a signal photodetector using a relay optical system, with the signal photodetector generating a polarization-switched detector signal.
  • the method also includes dividing the detector signal by the reference signal to form a normalized detector signal and determining the profile characteristic of the glass sample from the normalized detector signal.
  • the central tension (CT) and depth of compression (DOC) was also measured using a technique described by Orihara as a combination of FSM and SLP metrologies in 2017 as a methodology to compose a single-curve stress profile (e.g. folded-shaped profile or FSM-SLP profile) from surface to half thickness for ion-exchanged, lithium-containing alkali aluminosilicate glasses (See Inaba, S. et. al., 2017. http://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.17137).
  • the FSM portion of the methodology provides near-surface region (e.g. less than or equal to aboutlO microns) stress distribution information while the SLP portion of the methodology provides deep region (e.g.
  • FSM-SLP profile a single-curve stress profile
  • All the instrumentation and software for this methodology are commercially available from Orihara.
  • FSM spectra were collected on an FSM-6000UV instrument (Orihara) operating at 365nm.
  • the instrument calibration was checked by measuring a reference sample from Orihara four times and ensuring that the average surface stress value was within 10 MPa of the reference value.
  • Spectral data was processing using FSMV software (Orihara) in Chemical II mode with the transition as the Adopt Boundary (BP) option.
  • the stress optical coefficient (SOC) and refractive index (RI) at 365 nm were determined using dispersion curves fitted to measured data. The thickness was measured at each corner of the specimen and averaged. FSM profiles were generated with the auto-measure function with two exceptions.
  • Exception 1 occasionally, auto-measure did not detect a faint bounded-mode fringe, added an extra bounded mode-fringe, or misplaced the transition. In these cases, the operator used manual measurement and luminance curves to set the missed fringe position, to delete the extraneous fringe, or to adjust the position of the transition.
  • Exception 2 occasionally, when larger number of fringes were present (e.g. greater than or equal to 4) auto-measure produced an FSM profile with a very large depth (e.g. 2 mm) which can cause errors during FSM-SLP stress profile composition. In this case, the fringe immediately to the left of the transition (i.e. the highest whole-number fringe) was manually deleted.
  • the SLP scattering data were collected on an SLP-2000 operating at 405 nm (Orihara).
  • the instrument calibration was checked by measuring DOL Zero and surface stress reference sample from Orihara and a deep CT Corning Gorilla Glass 4 reference sample. All samples were measured 10 times. Average DOL Zero was within 1 micron of reference value and average surface and deep CT stress were within 2% of the reference value. Scattering was reduced at the specimen-air interface by optically coupling a non-tempered piece of glass on top of the specimen. Scattering data was processed using SLPIV software (Orihara) with the ER2_rb fitting function as recommended by Orihara for two-step ion exchanged thin glass.
  • the stress optical coefficient (SOC) and refractive index (RI) at 405 nm were determined using dispersion curves fitted to measured data. The average thickness from the prior FSM measurements was used. The operator manually set the scattering data analysis window through an iterative process of checking the fitted data to the raw retardation data, checking the retardation offset within the Dig Cal window, and ensuring that the measured thickness matched the average thickness within 5 microns. A total of 5 orientations from the middle of each specimen were collected and processed. Orientations were selected that exhibited minimal surface scattering effects (e.g. bright spots or secondary scattering effects) to increase measurement quality.
  • SOC stress optical coefficient
  • RI refractive index
  • the FSM and SLP data were combined in the PMC software (Orihara) utilizing the option to adopt the SOC and RI information from the input files.
  • the operator iteratively composed profiles by varying the SLP value between 30 and 70 until identifying a composed profile that fit the displayed FSM and SLP component stress profiles and had an S-rate, which is the ratio between the compressive and the tensile areas, between 0.99 and 1.01. Occasionally, retardation fitting did not result in an acceptable profile, which is most likely to occur when the FSM spectrum contains only 2 bound-mode fringes.
  • the operator iteratively composed profiles by varying the SLP value between 15 and 70 until identifying a composed profile that fit the displayed FSM and SLP component stress profiles and had an S-rate between 0.97 and 1.03.
  • the stress profile according to one or more embodiments will now be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the exemplary compressive stress profile shown in FIG. 2, which was measured using RNF, comprises two distinct regions; a spike region that extends from the surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer (DOL) of about 5 pm and a low-slope region extending from a DOL of about 5 pm to the center of the glass-based article. As shown in FIG. 2, the slope of the spike region is significantly greater than the slope of the low-slope region.
  • the compressive stress profile has a peak compressive stress (CS P ) at the surface of the glass-based article (i.e., at the peak of the spike portion).
  • the inflection point where the stress profile shifts from the spike region to the low-slope region is referred to herein as the “knee” and, thus, the compressive stress at this inflection point of the stress profile is referred to as the compressive stress of the knee (CSk).
  • the CSk may be determined by the intersection of a line that is a mathematical fit for the spike region and a line that is the mathematical fit of the low-slope region.
  • the depth of compression (DOC) is present at a depth in the glass-based article where the stress crosses zero on the y-axis and turns from positive stress to negative stress.
  • the peak compressive stress (CS P ) of the glass-based articles, as measured by RNF is greater than or equal to 400 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 450 MPa, greater than or equal to 500 MPa, greater than or equal to 550 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 720 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa, greater than or equal to 950 MPa, greater than or equal to 1000 MPa, greater than or equal to 1020 MPa, greater than or equal to 1050 MPa, or greater than or equal to 1060 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum CS P may, in embodiments, be 1500 MPa.
  • the CS P of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 400 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 500 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 720 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1000 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1020 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1100 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1200 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1
  • the compressive stress at the knee is greater than or equal to 100 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 140 MPa, greater than or equal to 160 MPa, greater than or equal to 180 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa, or greater than or equal to 220 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum CSk may, in embodiments, be 240 MPa.
  • the CSk of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 120 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 140 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 160 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 180 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, or greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass-based article has a depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t), measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 0.17, such as greater than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.19, or greater than or equal to 0.20 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • DOC/t depth of compression per thickness
  • RNF depth of compression per thickness
  • the DOC/t may be greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.23, such as greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.23, or greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.23 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the spike region of the compressive stress profile has two different slope regions.
  • the first slope region extends from the surface (a depth of 0 pm) of the glassbased article to a depth of about 2 pm and the second slope region extends from a depth of about 2 pm to the knee (about 5 pm). It should be understood that in embodiments, the depth of the first slope region and the depth of the second slope region may differ from the values shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first slope region may extend from the surface (a depth of 0 pm) of the glass-based article to a depth of about 1 pm, a depth of about 2 pm, a depth of about 3 pm or a depth of about 4 pm and the second slope region may extend from a depth of about 1 pm to the knee, a depth of about 2 pm to the knee, a depth of about 3 pm to the knee, a depth of about 4 pm to the knee, a depth of about 5 pm to the knee, or a depth of about 6 pm to the knee.
  • the slope of the first slope region is greater than the slope of the second slope region.
  • the slope of the first slope region is greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 240 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 320 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 400 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 240 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 320 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less
  • the slope of the first slope region is greater than or equal to 300 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 315 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 330 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 345 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 360 MPa/pm, or greater than or equal to 375 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the estimated average slope of the first slope region is measured on a single sample.
  • the median absolute value of the slope can be measured.
  • the slope of the first slope region has a median value, as measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 185 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 190 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 195 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 185 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm
  • the slope of the first slope region has a median absolute value, as measured by FSM AND SLP, that is greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 170 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 190 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or
  • the median absolute value of the slope of the second slope region, measured by RNF is greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to
  • the slope of the second slope region is less than or equal to 50 MPa/pm, such as less than or equal to 40 MPa/pm, less than or equal to 30 MPa/pm, or less than or equal to 20 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the median absolute value of the slope of the second slope region, measured by FSM AND SLP is greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 2.05
  • the slope of the second slope region is measured multiple times on a single sample — or measured on a number of compositionally identical samples that have been ion exchanged in an identical manner.
  • the median value of the slope can be measured.
  • the slope of the second slope region, measured by RNF has a median value that is greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.44 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.46 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm
  • FIG. 4 graphically depicts the molar concentration of alkali metal ions at various depths of the glass-based article after a single ion exchange treatment.
  • the potassium concentration is the largest of the three concentrations (K2O, Li2O, and Na2O) at the surface of the glass-based article (z.e., a depth of 0 pm).
  • the potassium concentration decreases rapidly from the surface of the glass-based article to a depth of about 2 pm.
  • the slope of the potassium concentration decreases indicating that the potassium concentration is still decreasing as depth increases albeit at a much lower rate.
  • the slope of the potassium concentration curve decreases further and eventually reaches a slope that is approximately 0 mole/pm.
  • the potassium concentration curve in FIG. 4 has different sloped regions that correspond with the two sloped regions in the spike region of the stress profile.
  • the decreasing potassium concentration within the depths corresponding to the spike region z.e., depths from 0 pm to about 6 pm
  • This potassium diffusivity is achievable by combining the glass compositions disclosed and described herein with appropriate ion exchange treatments.
  • the potassium concentration curve after a first ion exchange treatment has three different sloped regions.
  • the first sloped region of the potassium concentration curve is from the surface of the glass-based article (z.e., a depth of 0 pm) to a depth of about 2 pm.
  • This first sloped region of the potassium concentration curve has a slope that is greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, such as greater than or equal to about 2.25 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.50 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.75 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 3.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 3.25 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.25 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% B
  • the second sloped region of the potassium concentration curve is from a depth of about 2 pm to a depth of about 6 pm and has a slope that is greater than or equal to 0.4 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.64 mol%
  • K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% K20/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the third sloped region of the potassium concentration curve is present from a depths greater than 6 pm and has a slope that is greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.3 mol% K20/pm, such as greater than or equal to 0.21 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.3 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.2 mol% K20/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the thickness (t) of the glass-based articles is, in embodiments, less than or equal to 1.00 mm, such as less than or equal to 0.90 mm, less than or equal to 0.80 mm, less than or equal to 0.75 mm, less than or equal to 0.73 mm, less than or equal to 0.70 mm, less than or equal to 0.65 mm, less than or equal to 0.60 mm, less than or equal to 0.55 mm, less than or equal to 0.50 mm, or less than or equal to 0.45 mm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the minimum thickness may be 0.40 mm.
  • the thickness of the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 1.00 mm, such as greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.90 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.80 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.75 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.73 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.70 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.65 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.60 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.55 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.50 mm, or greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.45 mm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the central tension (CT) of glass-based articles according to embodiments is greater than or equal to 90 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 110 MPa, or greater than or equal to 115 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum CT according to embodiments is 120 MPa.
  • the CT of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 110 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, or greater than or equal to 115 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the central tension (CT) of glass based articles according to embodiments is greater than or equal to 80 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 85 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa, or greater than or equal to 110 MPa.
  • the CT of the glass based articles is greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or
  • the depth of layer of the spike region (DOL sp ), measured by RNF is less than or equal to 12 pm, such as less than or equal to 11 pm, less than or equal to 10 pm, less than or equal to 9 pm, less than or equal to 8 pm, less than or equal to 7 pm, less than or equal to 6 pm, less than or equal to 5 pm, less than or equal to 4 pm, or less than or equal to 3 pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • Equations used to calculate elastic energy in the compression and tension regions of the stress profiles, assuming symmetric profiles are given below:
  • v is the Poisson ratio of the glass
  • E is the Young’s modulus (in GPa)
  • o is the stress (in MPa)
  • t is the glass thickness in gm
  • DOC is the depth of compression in gm.
  • the units for Wgi ns and W ⁇ ° mp are J/m 2 .
  • the total stored energy in the glass-based article, measured by RNF is less than or equal to 90 J/m 2 , such as less than 80 J/m 2 , less than 70 J/m 2 , less than 60 J/m 2 , less than 50 J/m 2 , less than 40 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the minimum total stored energy may be 30 J/m 2 .
  • the total stored energy is greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2
  • the total stored energy in the glass-based article is less than or equal to 80 J/m 2 , such as less than 70 J/m 2 , less than 60 J/m 2 , less than 50 J/m 2 , less than 40 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the minimum total stored energy may be 30 J/m 2 .
  • the total stored energy is greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 and less than
  • the total stored tension energy in the glass-based article, measured by RNF is greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum total stored tension energy may be 30 J/m 2 .
  • the total stored tension energy is greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 30 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 and less than 30 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than 30 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 and less than 30 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 25 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 and less than 25 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than 25 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 20 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 and less than 20 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 15 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the total stored tension energy in the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum total stored tension energy may be 25 J/m 2 .
  • the total stored tension energy is greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 25 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 and less than 25 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than 25 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 20 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 15 J/m 2 and less than 20 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 10 J/m 2 and less than 15 J/m 2 including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values.
  • the total stored compression energy in the glass-based article, measured by RNF is greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum total stored compression energy may be 70 J/m 2 .
  • the total stored compression energy in the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 60 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 20 J/m
  • the total stored compression energy in the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 , such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the maximum total stored compression energy may be 60 J/m 2 .
  • the total stored compression energy in the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 50 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 40 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m 2 , greater than or equal to 30 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m 2 , or greater than or equal to 25 J/m 2 and less than or equal to 30 J/m 2 including all ranges and sub-
  • the ratio of tension energy to compression energy is indicative of the mechanical performance of glass-based articles.
  • the ratio of tension energy to compression energy, measured by RNF is greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.45, such as greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.41 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.42 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.43 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.44 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.
  • the ratio of compression energy to tension energy, measured by SLP and FSM is greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 3.00, such as greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.60 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.70 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.75 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.80 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.90 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or
  • Glass compositions according to embodiments have a high fracture toughness.
  • the high fracture toughness may impart improved drop performance to the glass compositions.
  • the high fracture toughness of the glass compositions described herein increases the resistance of the glasses to damage and allows a higher degree of stress to be imparted to the glass through ion exchange, as characterized by central tension, without becoming frangible.
  • the fracture toughness refers to the Kic value as measured by the chevron notched short bar method unless otherwise noted.
  • the chevron notched short bar (CNSB) method utilized to measure the Kic value is disclosed in Reddy, K.P.R.
  • the Kic values are measured on non- strengthened glass samples, such as measuring the Kic value prior to ion exchanging a glass-based substrate to form a glass-based article.
  • the Kic values discussed herein are reported in MPaVm, unless otherwise noted.
  • the glass-based articles have a fracture toughness (Kic) that is greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa • m and less than or equal to 0.85 MPa • m, such as greater than or equal to 0.80 MPa • 4m and less than or equal to 0.85 MPa • 4m, or greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa • 4m and less than or equal to 0.80 MPa • 4m including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values.
  • Kic fracture toughness
  • the Young’s modulus of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa, such as greater than or equal to 75 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa, greater than or equal to 80 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa, greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa, or greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 75 GPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the tension area divided by the thickness (t), measured by RNF is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 35 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 40 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 45 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 40 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 35 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the tension area is the area of the tension portion of the stress profile curve, which is present between below values of 0 on the y-axis and is positioned between the x-axis and the tension portion of the curve.
  • the tension area divided by the thickness (t), measured by SLP and FSM is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 35 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 40 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 45 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 40 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 35 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the tension area is the area of the tension portion of the stress profile curve, which is present between below values of 0 on the y-axis and is positioned between the x-axis and the tension portion of the curve.
  • Various mechanical properties of the glass-based articles are dependent on, in addition to the stress profile characteristics, the thickness of glass-based articles, such as, for example, applied stress, drop test, applied surface strength, and applied edge strength.
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives an applied stress that is greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 235 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 245 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 255 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 265 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 285 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 295 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 295 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives an applied stress that is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 280 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 290 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 310 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 320 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 330 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 340 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives an applied stress that is greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 285 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 295 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 305 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 315 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 335 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 345 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 355 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 365 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 365 MPa and
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a drop test from heights greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm measured by a drop test using 180 grit sandpaper, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 120 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 130 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 140 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 150 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 160 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 160 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 150 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 140 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 130 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 120 cm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a drop test from heights greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm measured by a drop test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 190 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 200 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 210 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 210 cm, greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 200 cm, or greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 190 cm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a drop test from heights greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm measured by a drop test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 210 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 215 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 215 cm, greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 210 cm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the ratio of the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to the peak compressive stress (CS P ) is indicative of the mechanical performance of glass-based articles.
  • the ratio of the depth of layer (DOL) to the depth of compression (DOC) is indicative of the mechanical performance of glass-based articles. Accordingly the two ratios discussed above may be fine-tuned in glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein to achieve desired mechanical properties of the glass based articles, such as improved deep damage fracture resistance.
  • the ratio of CSk to CS P is greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.25, such as greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.23 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.24 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.23 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.23
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by RNF that is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.08, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.07, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.06, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a CS P , measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values, as disclosed previously herein.
  • the ratio of CSk to CS P is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.25, such as greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.16 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.22
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.05, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.04, greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.04, or greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • DOL depth of layer
  • DOC depth of compression
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a CS P , measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values, as disclosed previously herein.
  • the ratio of CSk to CS P is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, such as greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio, measured by RNF, may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio that is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, such as greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.06, or greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • DOL depth of layer
  • DOC depth of compression
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio, measured by RNF, and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, such as less than or equal to 0.40 mm, less than or equal to 0.35 mm, less than or equal to 0.30 mm, or less than or equal to 0.25 mm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the ratio of CSk to CS P is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.30, such as greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.27 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.27,
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by SLP and FSM that is greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.044, such as greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.030 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.035 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.040 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.030 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.035 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.035, greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.035, greater than or equal to 0.035,
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a CS P , measured by SLP and FSM, that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the ratio of CSk to CS P is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, such as greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by SLP and FSM that is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, such as greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05 including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values.
  • DOL depth of layer
  • DOC depth of compression
  • Embodiments having the above CSk to CS P ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, such as less than or equal to 0.40 mm, less than or equal to 0.35 mm, less than or equal to 0.30 mm, less than or equal to 0.25 mm, less than or equal to 0.20 mm, or less than or equal to 0.15 mm including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. It should be understood that for each of the above ranges, the minimum thickness of one or more embodiments may be 0.15 mm.
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.4 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 240 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 250 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 285 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 290 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 300 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 310 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 330 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 340 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 330 Kgf, greater than or equal
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf measured by a ROR biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 285 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 295 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kg
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 360 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 370 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 380 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 390 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 410 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 410 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf measured by a ROR biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 365 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 380 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 395 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 365 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf,
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 410 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 420 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 430 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 440 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 460 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 470 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 480 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 490 Kgf and less than or
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf measured by a ROR biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 475 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 500 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 525 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 550 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 575 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or
  • Glass-based articles according to embodiments have a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on a 0.5 mm thick glass-based article that is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 230 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 240 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 230 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 230 MPa, greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 230 MPa, greater than or
  • Glass-based articles according to embodiments have a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on a 0.6 mm thick glass-based article that is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 280 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 290 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 280 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 280 MPa, greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 280 MPa, greater than or
  • Glass-based articles according to embodiments have a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on a 0.7 mm thick glass-based article that is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to 350 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to 375 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 350 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, or greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives an applied edge stress that is greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 550 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 575 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 625 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa and less than or equal
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives an applied edge stress that is greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 550 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 550 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 575 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 625 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or
  • the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives an applied edge stress that is greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than
  • the glass-based articles disclosed herein may be incorporated into another article such as an article with a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, and the like), architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., automobiles, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), appliance articles, or any article that may benefit from some transparency, scratch-resistance, abrasion resistance or a combination thereof.
  • a display or display articles
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B An exemplary article incorporating any of the glass-based articles disclosed herein is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Specifically, FIGS.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show a consumer electronic device 200 including a housing 202 having front 204, back 206, and side surfaces 208; electrical components (not shown) that are at least partially inside or entirely within the housing and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display 210 at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover 212 at or over the front surface of the housing such that it is over the display.
  • at least a portion of at least one of the cover 212 and the housing 202 may include any of the glass-based articles described herein.
  • Glass substrates were formed from the following glass composition:
  • This glass composition was formed into glass substrates (sheets) having various thicknesses, and the glass substrates were chemically strengthened according to ion exchange conditions disclosed below to form glass-based articles. The stress profiles and various properties of the glass-based articles were then measured.
  • the annealed glass-based substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glass-based article.
  • the first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 440 °C for 197 minutes.
  • the second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 0.5 wt% NaNCh, 94.5 wt% KNO3, and 5.0 wt% K2CO3 at a temperature of 390 °C for 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 6A shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis.
  • the surface compressive stress (CS) was between 1050 MPa and 1100 MPa.
  • CSk knee stress
  • CT central tension
  • the depth of layer of the spike region (DOL sp ) was about 4.5 microns
  • the depht of compression (DOC) was about 107 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.211 of the thickness).
  • FIG. 6B is a magnified view of the stress profile shown in FIG. 6A to more accurately capture the characteristics of the spike region.
  • FIG. 6B clearly shows that the spike region consists of two regions having different slopes: a first region with higher slope of about 330 MPa/pm that extends from the surface to a depth of up to 2 pm; and a second region with a lower slope of about 100 MPa/pm that extends from a depth of 2 pm up to a depth of 4.7 pm.
  • the first region of the profile is determined following FSM/IWKB analysis at either 365 nm or 442 nm wavelength to insure the presence of two fringes to measure the stress profile of the shallow spike region.
  • the FSM minima also called fringes (dark lines on a computer screen showing the image captured by the camera) in the intensity of light reflected from the prism-sample interface correspond with bound modes that capture some of the light propagating in the prism at phase-matching angles with respect to the planar waveguide bound modes.
  • the full index of refraction profile is reconstructed using a computer algorithm that takes advantage of the “inverse WKB” method. This is done twice, once for each of two orthogonal polarizations, and the difference of these two index of refraction profiles is proportional to the full stress curve from surface to interior of the sample.
  • the FSM already uses the positions of the first two intensity minima for the two polarizations to give a compressive stress value at the surface and combines that information with the total number of minima to assess a depth of the stressed layer, DOL sp .
  • the IWKB method we use the full information about the positions of all the minima at each of the two polarizations in combination with a more sophisticated analysis invoking the inverse WKB method to reconstruct the entire refractive index curves and from the difference, the entire stress profile is reconstructed.
  • the glass substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glass-based article.
  • the first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 250 minutes.
  • the second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 0.3 wt% NaNOs and 99.7 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 7 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis.
  • the glass-based article had a surface compressive stress (CS) between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 129 MPa, and central tension (CT) of about 94 MPa.
  • CS surface compressive stress
  • CSk knee stress
  • CT central tension
  • the dpth of layer of the spike region (DOL sp ) was about 4.2 microns
  • the depth of compression (DOC) was about 107 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.213 of the thickness).
  • the glass-based substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glassbased article.
  • the first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 425 °C for 125 minutes.
  • the second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 0.2 wt% NaNCh and 99.8 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 390 °C for 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 8 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis.
  • the glass-based article had a surface having surface compressive stress (CS) between 1100 MPa and 1200 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 165 MPa, and a central tension (CT) of about 103 MPa.
  • the depth of layer of the spike region (DOL sp ) was about 4.1 microns and the depth of comprssion (DOC) was about 126 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.209 of the thickness).
  • DOL sp surface compressive stress
  • DOC depth of comprssion
  • the glass-based substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glass-based article.
  • the first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCE and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 255 minutes.
  • the second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 1 wt% NaNCh and 99 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 390 °C for 10 minutes.
  • FIG. 9 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis.
  • the glass-based article had a a surface having surface compressive stress (CS) between 700 MPa and 800 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 177 MPa, and a central tension (CT) of about 106 MPa.
  • the depth of layer of the spike region (DOL sp ) was about 4.9 microns and the depth of comprssion (DOC) was about 104 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.208 of the thickness).
  • the glass-based substrate was then treated with a three-step ion exchange treatment to form a glassbased article.
  • the first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 45 wt% LiNOs, 10 wt% NaNOs, and 45 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 450 °C for 6 hours.
  • the second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 425 °C for 2.25 hours.
  • the third ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 2 wt% NaNCh and 98 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 415 °C for 11 minutes.
  • FIG. 10 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis.
  • the glassbased article had a a surface having surface compressive stress (CS) between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 219 MPa, and a central tension (CT) of about 118 MPa.
  • CS surface compressive stress
  • CSk knee stress
  • CT central tension
  • the depth of layer of the spike region (DOL sp ) was about 5.5 microns and the depth of comprssion (DOC) was about 123 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.205 of the thickness).
  • FIG. 11A depicts the alkali metal concentrations in mole percent along the y-axis and the depth in microns along the x- axis.
  • the alkali metal concentrations shown in FIG. 11A were measured by Horiba GdOES after a first ion exchange step using an ion exchange medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at 440 °C for 94 minutes.
  • FIG. 11A depicts the alkali metal concentrations in mole percent along the y-axis and the depth in microns along the x- axis.
  • the alkali metal concentrations shown in FIG. 11A were measured by Horiba GdOES after a first ion exchange step using an ion exchange medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at 440 °C for 94 minutes.
  • 11A shows a potassium concentration profile that exhibits a single monotonic region near the surface where the potassium concentration declines slowly with a slope of about 0.75 mol% BGO/pm up to about 5 pm, and is followed by a deeper region where the potassium concentration is close to 0.2 mol%.
  • FIG. 1 IB depicts the alkali metal concentrations in mole percent along the y-axis and the depth in microns along the x-axis after the second step of the ion exchange process (z.e., after the first step and second step of the ion exchange treatment were both complete) measured by GdOES.
  • the first step of the ion exchange treatment is as described above, and the second step of the ion exchange treatment used an ion exchange medium comprising 2 wt% NaNOs and 98 wt% KNO3 at 400 °C for 15 minutes.
  • the potassium concentration profile exhibits a first region near the surface with high potassium concentration, above 7 mol% at the surface, exhibiting a first region where the potassium concentration declines rapidly with a slope of about 2.75 mol% BGO/pm up to a depth of about 2 pm, followed by a second spike region with a slower potassium oxide slope of about 0.7 mol% K20/pm. These two regions correspond to the observed stress profile spike region shown in FIG. 6A to FIG. 10, and are followed by a deeper region where the Potassium concentration is close to 0.2 mol%. [00286] FIG.
  • 11C shows the potassium concentration in wt% on the y-axis at depth in microns on the x-axis of a glass-based article that has been exposed to a first ion exchange step in an ion exchange medium comprising 36 wt% NaNCE and 64 wt% KNO3 at 380 °C for 80 minutes and a second ion exchange step in an ion exchange medium comprising 5 wt% NaNCh and 95 wt% KNO3 at 370 °C for 20 minutes.
  • the potassium concentration was measured by a microprobe, as is typically done to determine the concentration profiles due to interdiffusion in glass where spatial resolution is required.
  • FIG. 11C shows a potassium concentration of about 8 wt% at the surface of the glass-based article (z.e., a depth of zero microns) that decreases rapidly to a potassium concentration near 0 wt% at a depth between about 7 microns and 8 microns. It can also be seen in FIG. 11C that the slope of the potassium curve appears to decrease at depth between 4 microns and 5 microns.
  • FIG. 11 A and FIG. 1 IB show the correlation between potassium concentration at the surface of the glass-based articles and the stress profile of the glass-based articles.
  • v is the Poisson ratio of the glass
  • E is the Young’s modulus (in GPa)
  • o is the stress (in MPa)
  • t is the glass thickness in gm
  • DOC is the depth of compression in gm.
  • the units for Wgi ns and W ⁇ ° mp are J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 12 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored compression energy in J/m 2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 12, the total stored compression energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 30 J/m 2 to 60 J/m 2 , such as from 35 J/m 2 to 55 J/m 2 , or 40 J/m 2 to 50 J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 13 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored tension energy in J/m 2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG.
  • the total stored tension energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 12.5 J/m 2 to 25.0 J/m 2 , such as from 15 J/m 2 to 22.5 J/m 2 , or 17.5 J/m 2 to 20.0 J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 14 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored energy (stored compression energy + stored tension energy) in J/m 2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 14, the total stored energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 40 J/m 2 to 80 J/m 2 , such as from 50 J/m 2 to 75 J/m 2 , or 55 J/m 2 to 70 J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 15 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein. As shown in FIG. 15, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily between 2 and 3. FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 16, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 3.
  • FIG. 17 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 17, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 2. These plots show that more tension energy can be packed in the deeper portion of the profile, and thus reduce the ratio of compression to tension energy.
  • the area of tension in the stress profile for the above examples was normalized by dividing by the thickness of the glass-based article and plotted versus the central tension.
  • the area of tension in the stress profile can be measured by finding the area of the stress profile that has a negative stress (z.e., is below zero on the x-axis). This calculation was also conducted on previously known glasses. This measurement shows how well tension stress can be packed into the glass-based article by achieving high central tension (CT) and a larger tension area.
  • CT central tension
  • FIG. 18 is a plot graph with tension area of the stress profile divided by thickness (tension area/thickness) in MPa on the y-axis and central tension (CT) in MPa on the x-axis. As shown in FIG.
  • the 0.5 mm thick glasses were ion exchanged with a two-step ion process where the first step used an ion exchange medium of 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 440 °C for 94 minutes and a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 2 wt% NaNCh and 98 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes.
  • the 0.6 mm thick glasses were ion exchanged with a two-step ion process where the first step used an ion exchange medium of 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 440 °C for 94 minutes and a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 2 wt% NaNCh and 98 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes.
  • the 0.7 mm thick glasses were ion exchanged with a two-step ion process where the first step used an ion exchange medium of 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 25 °C for 210 minutes and a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 20.4 wt% NaNCh, 0.1 wt% LiNCh, and 79.5 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes.
  • the first step used an ion exchange medium of 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 25 °C for 210 minutes
  • a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 20.4 wt% NaNCh, 0.1 wt% LiNCh, and 79.5 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes.
  • the damage is created by taping the sample using 471 tape manufacture by 3M or similar tape avoiding air bubbles. The tape is then trimmed to the sample. A punch is used to punch out a 5 mm diameter disc from 180 grit sandpaper. The sandpaper disc is placed on the bare surface (z.e., the untaped surface) of the sample and put under a press. The press issues a load between 150 pounds and 200 pounds onto the sandpaper disc, thus damaging the surface of the glass sample.
  • the four point is a standard test setup, which is part of a standard test equipment like Instron.
  • the test procedure is established in the industry and follows ASTM standard (ASTM C-158).
  • the results can be reported in failure load (such as kgf, Ibf, N) or failure stress (such as MPa).
  • the load rate of the four point bend test is 5 mm/min with a contact radius of 3.2 mm.
  • the load support span is 15 mm/30 mm (0.6 mmt) and 12 mm/24 mm (0.5 mmt).
  • the fracture stress can be calculated with the following equation
  • w is the speciman width
  • t is the speciman thickness
  • L is the support span
  • a is 0.5 • load span
  • v is Poisson’s ratio
  • Drop testing is done with drop tower manufactured by “Yoshida Seki”.
  • the test puck shown in FIG. 20 and when assembled with the cover glass is held in the jaws and dropped on the designed surface (ex: 80 grit Garnet sandpaper manufactured by 3M) ) so that the cover glass and the designed surface are substantially parallel with one another before impact.
  • the drop is done in a sequential manner till the sample fractures (e.g., start height: 22cm, increas to 30 cm, increase to 40 cm etc to failure).
  • the Puck can be dropped in the range 22cm to 220cm sequentially at desired delta step height.
  • the puck weight is 200g.
  • the dimension of the puck is about 133mm x 68mm x 10.5mm and the cover glass dimensions are about 130.2mm x 65.2mm.
  • the results of the drop test for 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.7 mm thick cover glass samples are shown in FIG. 21 were all of the drop heights are nearly 150 cm and above.
  • the four point is a standard test setup which is part of a standard test equipment like Instron.
  • the test procedure is established in the industry and follows ASTM standard (ASTM C-158).
  • the results can be reported in failure load (such as kgf, Ibf, N) or failure stress (such as MPa).
  • the load rate was 5 mm/min
  • the contact radius was 3.2 mm
  • the load/support span was 15 mm/ 30 mm (0.6 mmt) and 12 mm/24 mm (0.5 mmt).
  • the fracture stress can be calculated with the following equation
  • w is the speciman width
  • t is the speciman thickness
  • L is the support span
  • a is 0.5 • load span
  • v is Poisson’s ratio
  • Example 1 The composition disclosed in Example 1 above was used to form samples of glassbased articles having a thickness of 0.50 mm, glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.55 mm, and glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.60 mm.
  • Each of the glass-based articles were ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange.
  • the ion exchange was performed in two steps: step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNO3/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 24 to FIG. 26 show the slope of the spike region for the sample, the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 1 (C.S. 1), and the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 2 (C.S. 2) were measured using RNF balanced to SCALP CT and then regressing the linear fits from the spike portion and low-slope portion of each profile.
  • FIG. 24 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 25 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.55 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 26 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.60 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 27 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 28 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.55 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 28 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 41 show the slope of the spike region for the sample, the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 1 (C.S. 1), and the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 2 (C.S. 2) as measured by the combination of SLP and FSM metrologies described by Orihara.
  • FIG. 41 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.60mm, and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the spike slope of either of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 42 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.60 mm, and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of at least one of the comparative samples.
  • the sample of embodiments disclosed and described herein has a greater slope in the spike region and a greater slope in the low-slope region than the comparative samples for each thickness. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the increased slope of the spike region and the increased slope of the low-slope region provides a glass-based article with better performance characteristics than glass-based articles with lesser slopes, such as the comparative samples. It is believed that this is because the grater slope indicates greater packing of stress into the glass-base article per depth of layer and depth of compression.
  • the CSk to CS P ratio (CSk/CS p ) and the depth of layer to depth of compression ratio (DOL/DOC) was measured for samples having the composition of Example 1 and for comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10.
  • Glass-based articles having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.70 mm were prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples. Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange.
  • FIG. 30 is a plot graph of the CSk/CS p versus DOL/DOC for comparative sample 1 at the various thicknesses.
  • the plot graph in FIG. 30 shows relatively low CSk/CS p per DOL/DOC.
  • FIG. 31 is a plot graph of the CSk/CS p versus DOL/DOC for comparative sample 2 at the various thicknesses.
  • FIG. 31 shows an even lower CSk/CS p per DOL/DOC than comparative sample 1.
  • FIG. 32 is a plot graph of the CSk/CS p versus DOL/DOC for the sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 32 shows an greater CSk/CS p per DOL/DOC than both comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that having greater CSk/CS p per DOL/DOC in a glass-based article improves the mechanical performance of the glass-based article (such as by increasing the fracture toughness or the like, by concentrating the compressive stresses into a shallower depth.
  • This example shows the improved mechanical performance of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein compared to other glass-based articles.
  • Samples having the composition of Example 1 and comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10 were prepared.
  • Glass-based articles having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.70 mm were then prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples.
  • Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange.
  • step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNO3/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes.
  • FIG. 33 shows that the glass-based sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein has a significantly higher energy ratio at all four thicknesses than the glass-based comparative samples indicating a progression of the energy ratio correlates with higher fracture resistance performance. Moreover, the glass-based sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein have greater fracture stress than the glass-based comparative samples (particularly at greater thicknesses), which shows the increased mechanical properties of glass-based articles having the spike region, and low-slope region slopes disclosed and described herein, as well as the CSk/CS p and DOL/DOC disclosed and described herein.
  • v is the Poisson ratio of the glass
  • E is the Young’s modulus (in GPa)
  • o is the stress (in MPa)
  • t is the glass thickness in pm
  • DOC is the depth of compression in pm.
  • the units for Wgi ns and W ⁇ ° mp are J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 34 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored compression energy in J/m 2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 34, the total stored compression energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 25 J/m 2 to 60 J/m 2 , such as from 35 J/m 2 to 55 J/m 2 , or 40 J/m 2 to 50 J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 35 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored tension energy in J/m 2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG.
  • the total stored tension energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 10.0 J/m 2 to 22.5 J/m 2 , such as from 15 J/m 2 to 21.5 J/m 2 , or 17.5 J/m 2 to 20.0 J/m 2 .
  • FIG. 36 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored energy (stored compression energy + stored tension energy) in J/m 2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 36, the total stored energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 40 J/m 2 to 80 J/m 2 , such as from 50 J/m 2 to 75 J/m 2 , or 55 J/m 2 to 70 J/m 2 .
  • ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy of examples of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein was compared to the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy of previously disclosed glass-based articles.
  • the stored compression energy and the stored tension energy were measured using an FSM instrument and SLP-2000 instrument, as disclosed above, for all samples.
  • FIG. 37 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein. As shown in FIG. 37, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily between 1.9 and 2.7.
  • FIG. 38 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 38, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 3.2.
  • FIG. 38 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein. As shown in FIG. 37, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily between 1.9 and 2.7.
  • FIG. 38 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the
  • FIG. 39 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 39, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 4.6. These plots show that more tension energy can be packed in the deeper portion of the profile, and thus reduce the ratio of compression to tension energy.
  • the CS TP to CSp ratio (CS_TP/CSp also referred to herein as CSk/CS or CSk/CSp) and the depth of layer to depth of compression ratio (DOL TP/DOL Zero also referred to herein as DOL/DOC) was measured by the combination of FSM and SLP metrologies described by Orihara for samples having the composition of Example 1 and for comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10. Glass-based articles having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.70 mm were prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples.
  • FIG. 43 is a plot graph of the CS_TP/CSp versus DOL TP/DOL Zero for comparative sample 1 at the various thicknesses.
  • the plot graph in FIG. 43 shows relatively low DOL TP/DOL Zero per DOL TP/DOL Zero.
  • FIG. 44 is a plot graph of the CS_TP/CSp versus DOL TP/DOL Zero for comparative sample 2 at the various thicknesses.
  • the plot graph in FIG. 44 shows an even lower CS_TP/CSp per DOL TP/DOL Zero than comparative sample 1.
  • FIG. 45 is a plot graph of the CS_TP/CSp versus DOL TP/DOL Zero for the sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein at the various thicknesses.
  • the plot graph in FIG. 45 shows a greater CS_TP/CSp per DOL TP/DOL Zero than both comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2.
  • FIG. 46 was calculated from the FSM-SLP stress profile for samples having the composition of Example 1 and for comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10.
  • the FIG. 46 is calculated according to the equation: FOM C5(z)dz.
  • Glass based articles having thicknesses selected from 0.40 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm and 0.80 mm were prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples. Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by the protocols described herein.
  • Table 1 shows the DOL Zero, thickness, CSA10, and calculated Figure of Merit for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein, comparative sample 1, and comparative sample 2.
  • Samples according to the embodiment can achieve Figure of Merit greater than or equal to 2.25 MPa mml/2. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that having greater Figure of Merit in a glass-based article improves the mechanical performance of the glass-based article (such as by increasing the fracture toughness or the like, by concentrating the compressive stresses into a shallower depth).

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Abstract

A glass-based article having a first surface, a second surface, a thickness (t) extending between the first and second surface, and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region there between. A compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region. The first slope is greater than 80 MPa/µm and less than 420 MPa/μm and has a median value greater than 175 MPa/µm and less than 200 MPa/µm, measured by RNF. The second slope is greater than 0.50 MPa/µm and less than 2.50 MPa/µm and has a median value that is greater than 1.40 MPa/µm and less than 1.55 MPa/µm, measured by RNF.

Description

CHEMICALLY STRENGTHENED HIGH TOUGHNESS GLASS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S.
Provisional Application Serial No. 63/442346 filed on January 31, 2023, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Field
[0002] The present specification generally relates to strengthened glass-based articles and, more specifically, to strengthened glass-based articles having a high surface compressive stress and low frangibility.
Technical Background
[0003] Glass-based substrates are commonly used, for example, in display devices, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electrophoretic displays (EPD), organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), or the like. Despite significant advances in strengthening technology, there is a desire to improve the robustness of glass-based articles against fracture failures resulting from drop on hard and/or rough surfaces.
[0004] Accordingly, a need exists for glass-based articles that can be strengthened to have low occurrences of fracture failure resulting from drops on hard and/or rough surfaces.
SUMMARY
[0005] Aspect 1 : a glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein the glass-based article having a peak compressive stress (CSP) that is greater than or equal to 550 MPa, a thickness (t) that is less than or equal to 1.00 mm, a compressive stress at a knee (CSk) that is greater than or equal to 100 MPa, a depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) that is greater than or equal to 0.17, wherein the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 14 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0006] Aspect 2: the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the glass-based article has a peak compressive stress (CSP) that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa.
[0007] Aspect 3: the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the glass-based article has a peak compressive stress (CSP) that is greater than or equal to 720 MPa.
[0008] Aspect 4: the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the glass-based article has a peak compressive stress (CSP) that is greater than or equal to 800 MPa.
[0009] Aspect 5: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) is greater than or equal to 0.18.
[0010] Aspect 6: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 1020 MPa.
[0011] Aspect 7: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is greater than or equal to 140 MPa.
[0012] Aspect 8: the glass-based article of aspect 1, wherein the peak compressive stress (CSP) that is greater than or equal to 950 MPa, the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) that is greater than or equal to 140 MPa, and the depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) that is greater than or equal to 0.19.
[0013] Aspect 9: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 1060 MPa.
[0014] Aspect 10: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CSP) that is less than or equal to 1500 MPa, the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is less than or equal to 240 MPa, the central tension (CT) is less than or equal to 120 MPa, a total stored tension energy is less than or equal to 30 J/m2, and the depth of layer of a surface compressive stress spike (DOLsp) is less than or equal to 12 pm.
[0015] Aspect 11 : the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 1100 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa.
[0016] Aspect 12: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is greater than or equal to 180 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa.
[0017] Aspect 13: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t) is greater than or equal to 0.20.
[0018] Aspect 14: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein depth of layer of the surface compressive stress spike (DOLsp) is less than or equal to 7 pm.
[0019] Aspect 15 : the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the surface compressive stress spike has: a depth of layer (DOLsp) that is less than or equal to 4 pm; a high compressive stress slope of greater than or equal to 300 MPa/pm in the 0 pm to 3 pm depth of the surface compressive stress spike, and a low compressive stress slope of less than or equal to 50 MPa/pm in the 3 pm to 6 pm depth of the surface compressive stress spike.
[0020] Aspect 16: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the central tension (CT) is greater than or equal to 90 MPa.
[0021] Aspect 17: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the central tension (CT) is greater than or equal to 100 MPa.
[0022] Aspect 18 : the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the central tension (CT) is greater than or equal to 110 MPa. [0023] Aspect 19: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.73 mm.
[0024] Aspect 20: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.70 mm.
[0025] Aspect 21: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.65 mm.
[0026] Aspect 22: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored energy that is less than or equal to 90 J/m2.
[0027] Aspect 23: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored energy that is greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2.
[0028] Aspect 24: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored tension energy that is greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than or equal to 30 J/m2.
[0029] Aspect 25: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored tension energy that is greater than or equal to 15 J/m2.
[0030] Aspect 26: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a total stored compression energy that is greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2.
[0031] Aspect 27: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the molar ratio of Li2O to Na?O is greater than or equal to 1.4.
[0032] Aspect 28: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein a fracture toughness at the mid-plane of the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa • /m and less than or equal to 0.85 MPa • Vm. [0033] Aspect 29: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein a Young’ s modulus of the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa.
[0034] Aspect 30: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the tension area divided by the thickness (t) is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa.
[0035] Aspect 31 : the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a stress that is greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper.
[0036] Aspect 32: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a stress that is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper.
[0037] Aspect 32: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, wherein the glassbased article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a stress that is greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper.
[0038] Aspect 34: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30 and 31, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a drop test using 80 grit sandpaper at heights greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm.
[0039] Aspect 35: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30 and 32, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a drop test using 80 grit sandpaper at heights greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm. [0040] Aspect 36: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30 and 33, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a drop test using 80 grit sandpaper at heights greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm.
[0041] Aspect 37: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 31, and 34, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a load that is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf measured using a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test.
[0042] Aspect 38: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 32, and 35, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a load that is greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf measured using a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test.
[0043] Aspect 39: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 33, and 36, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a load that is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf measured using a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test.
[0044] Aspect 40: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 31, 34, and 37, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm has an applied edge strength that is greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) uniaxial flexural test.
[0045] Aspect 41 : the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 32, 35, and 38, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and has an applied edge strength that is greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) uniaxial flexural test.
[0046] Aspect 42: the glass-based article of any one of aspects 1 to 30, 33, 36, and 39, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and has an applied edge strength that is greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) uniaxial flexural test.
[0047] Aspect 43: the glass-based article of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the glassbased article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% to less than or equal to 66 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 14 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol% AI2O3; greater than or equal to 7 mol% to less than or equal to 9 mol% Li2O; greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol% Na20; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol% P2O5; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol% B2O3; and greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol% TiCh.
[0048] Aspect 44: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, the first slope is greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm and has a median value that is greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, measured by RNF, the second slope is greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/pm and has a median value that is greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0049] Aspect 45: The glass-based article of aspect 44, wherein the first slope has a median value that is greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, measured by RNF. [0050] Aspect 46: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 44 and 45, wherein the second slope has a median value that is greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/pm, measured by RNF.
[0051] Aspect 47: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 44 to 46, wherein the glassbased article has a peak compressive stress (CSP) that is greater than or equal to 550 MPa, measured by RNF.
[0052] Aspect 48: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 44 to 47, wherein a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) is greater than or equal to 100 MPa, measured by RNF.
[0053] Aspect 49: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.25, measured by RNF, Csp is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, measured by RNF, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.08, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiO?; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0054] Aspect 50: The glass-based article of aspect 49, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf. [0055] Aspect 51 : The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 and 50, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0056] Aspect 52: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 51, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
[0057] Aspect 53: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 52, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
[0058] Aspect 54: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 53, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
[0059] Aspect 55: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 49 to 54, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
[0060] Aspect 56: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.25, measured by RNF, Csp is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, measured by RNF, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.05, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiO?; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0061] Aspect 57: The glass-based article of aspect 56, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
[0062] Aspect 58: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 and 57, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0063] Aspect 59: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 58, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
[0064] Aspect 60: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 59, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
[0065] Aspect 61 : The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 60, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
[0066] Aspect 62: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 56 to 61, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa. [0067] Aspect 63: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, measured by RNF, the glass-based article has a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiO?; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0068] Aspect 64: The glass-based article of aspect 63, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf.
[0069] Aspect 65: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 and 64, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0070] Aspect 66: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 65, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
[0071] Aspect 67: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 66, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa. [0072] Aspect 68: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 67, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
[0073] Aspect 69: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 63 to 68, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
[0074] Aspect 70: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a ratio of tension energy to compression energy is greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.45, measured by RNF, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0075] Aspect 71 : The glass-based article of aspect 70, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
[0076] Aspect 72: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 and 71, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0077] Aspect 73: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 72, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf. [0078] Aspect 74: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 73, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
[0079] Aspect 75: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 74, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
[0080] Aspect 76: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 70 to 75, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
[0081] Aspect 77: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.30, measured by SLP and FSM, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.44, measured by SLP and FSM; a CSP that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiO?; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O. [0082] Aspect 78: The glass-based article of aspect 77, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
[0083] Aspect 79: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 and 78, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0084] Aspect 80: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 to 79, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
[0085] Aspect 81 : The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 to 80, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
[0086] Aspect 82: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 to 81, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
[0087] Aspect 83: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 77 to 82, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
[0088] Aspect 84: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, measured by SLP and FSM, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, measured by SLP and FSM; the thickness is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiO?; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0089] Aspect 85: The glass-based article of aspect 84, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
[0090] Aspect 86: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 84 and 85, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0091] Aspect 87: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 86, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
[0092] Aspect 88: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 87, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
[0093] Aspect 89: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 88, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0094] Aspect 90: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 85 to 89, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
[0095] Aspect 90: A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein the glass-based article has a FOM = D°L~Ze^°/ * CSA1° that is greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.65, wherein the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
[0096] Aspect 91 : The glass-based article of aspect 90, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
[0097] Aspect 92: The glass-based article of any one of aspect 90 and 91, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
[0098] Aspect 93 : The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 92, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
[0099] Aspect 94: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 93, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa. [00100] Aspect 95 : The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 94, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
[00101] Aspect 96: The glass-based article of any one of aspects 90 to 95, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
[00102] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.
[00103] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed subject matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the various embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments described herein, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed subject matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[00104] FIG. 1 schematically depicts the cross-section of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00105] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the stress profile of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein; [00106] FIG. 3 is a magnified graph showing the stress profile of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00107] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the alkali metal content of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00108] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B schematically depict electronic devices including glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00109] FIG. 6A is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 1;
[00110] FIG. 6B is a magnified graph showing the stress profile of a spike region, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 1;
[00111] FIG. 7 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 2;
[00112] FIG. 8 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 3;
[00113] FIG. 9 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 4;
[00114] FIG. 10 is a graph showing a stress profile, measured using RNF, for a glass-based article according to Example 5;
[00115] FIG. 11A is a graph showing the alkali metal concentration of a glass-based article according to embodiments disclosed and described herein after a first ion exchange step;
[00116] FIG. 1 IB is a graph showing the alkali metal concentration of a glass-based article according to embodiments disclosed and described herein after a second ion exchange step; [00117] FIG. 11C is a graph of potassium oxide concentration of a glass-based article according to embodiments disclosed and described herein after a second ion exchange step;
[00118] FIG. 12 is a bar graph of total stored compression energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00119] FIG. 13 is a bar graph of total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00120] FIG. 14 is a bar graph of total stored energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00121] FIG. 15 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00122] FIG. 16 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured using RNF, of previously known glass-based articles;
[00123] FIG. 17 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured using RNF, of previously known glass-based articles;
[00124] FIG. 18 is a scatter plot graph of tension area/thickness vs. central tension of glassbased articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as previously known glass-based articles;
[00125] FIG. 19 is a graph showing retained strength measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00126] FIG. 20 schematically depicts a puck used in a drop test according to embodiments disclosed and described herein; [00127] FIG. 21 is a graph showing drop test results of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00128] FIG. 22 is a graph showing surface strength measure by a ring on ring test of glassbased articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00129] FIG. 23 is a graph showing edge strength measured by a four point bending test of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00130] FIG. 24 is a plot graph of the spike region slope of 0.50 mm thick glass-based articles according, measured using RNF, to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
[00131] FIG. 25 is a plot graph of the spike region slope of 0.55 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
[00132] FIG. 26 is a plot graph of the spike region slope of 0.60 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
[00133] FIG. 27 is a plot graph of the low-slope region slope of 0.50 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
[00134] FIG. 28 is a plot graph of the low-slope region slope of 0.55 mm thick glass-based articles according, measured using RNF, to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples;
[00135] FIG. 29 is a plot graph of the low-slope region slope of 0.60 mm thick glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and of comparative samples; [00136] FIG. 30 is a plot graph of CSk/CSp versus DOL/DOC for a glass-based article, measured using RNF, of a comparative sample at various thicknesses;
[00137] FIG. 31 is a plot graph of CSk/CSp versus DOL/DOC for a glass-based article, measured using RNF, of a comparative sample at various thicknesses;
[00138] FIG. 32 is a plot graph of CSk/CSp versus DOL/DOC for a glass-based article, measured using RNF, of a sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein at various thicknesses; and
[00139] FIG. 33 is a plot graph of fracture stress and ratio of tension energy to compression energy for glass-based articles, measured using RNF, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and for comparative samples at various thicknesses;
[00140] FIG. 34 is a bar graph of total stored compression energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00141] FIG. 35 is a bar graph of total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00142] FIG. 36 is a bar graph of total stored energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00143] FIG. 37 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy of glass-based articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein;
[00144] FIG. 38 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured by SLP and FSM, of previously known glass-based articles;
[00145] FIG. 39 is a bar graph of a ratio of total stored compression energy to total stored tension energy, measured by SLP and FSM, of previously known glass-based articles; [00146] FIG. 40 is a scatter plot graph of tension area/thickness vs. central tension of glassbased articles, measured by SLP and FSM, according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as previously known glass-based articles;
[00147] FIG. 41 is a scatter plot graph of spike slope (first slope region), measured by SLP and FSM, for glass-based according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as known glass-based articles;
[00148] FIG. 42 is a scatter plot graph of low slope (second slope region), measured by SLP and FSM, for glass-based according to embodiments disclosed and described herein as well as known glass-based articles;
[00149] FIG. 43 is a scatter plot graph of CS TP/CS (CSk/CS) versus DOL TP/DOL Zero (DOL/DOC), measured by SLP and FSM, of known glass-based articles;
[00150] FIG. 44 is a scatter plot graph of CS TP/CS (CSk/CS) versus DOL TP/DOL Zero (DOL/DOC), measured by SLP and FSM, of known glass-based articles;
[00151] FIG. 45 is a scatter plot graph of CS TP/CS (CSk/CS) versus DOL TP/DOL Zero (DOL/DOC), measured by SLP and FSM, of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein; and
[00152] FIG. 46 is a bar graph of a figure of merit (FOM), measured by SLP and FSM, for glass-articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein and known glass-based articles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00153] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of strengthened glass-based articles that have improved frangibility and mechanical strength. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. [00154] Lithium-containing glasses may be able to achieve a large depth of compression quickly via fast ion-exchange counter-diffusion of sodium (Na) and lithium (Li) ions. At the same time, lithium-containing glasses also can achieve a high-compression surface layer, referred to herein as a spike by diffusing potassium (K) to a small depth of the glass-based article, such as diffusing K ions at a depth of about 2 to 10 microns (pm). Because both Na and K ions exchange for Li on the surface of the glass-based article, there is a trade-off between having high compressive stress (CS) at the surface and adequate depth-of-layer of the spike (DOLsp) on the one hand and, on the other hand, a high compressive stress at the knee (CSk) occurring at the bottom of said high-compression surface layer and high depth of compression (DOC) of the stress profile.
[00155] Embodiments disclosed and described herein offer new combinations of stress profiles having simultaneously high CS, high CSk, relatively high DOLsp, and high DOC. Moreover, the Li-containing glass compositions disclosed and described herein achieving these stress profiles, and in particular high DOC, in a practical amount of time that makes the fabrication process commercially acceptable. Furthermore, some of the fundamental mechanical properties of these Li-containing glass compositions disclosed and described herein are improved, such as providing higher fracture toughness, higher levels of fracture resistance resulting from these advantageous stress profiles.
[00156] As mentioned above, glass compositions comprising lithium, and particularly lithium aluminosilicate glasses, provide good ion exchangeability, and chemical strengthening processes have been used to achieve high strength and high toughness properties in lithium aluminosilicate glasses. Lithium aluminosilicate glasses are highly ion exchangeable glasses with high glass quality. The substitution of AI2O3 into the silicate glass network increases the interdiffusivity of monovalent cations during ion exchange. By chemical strengthening in a molten salt bath (e.g., KNO3 or NaNCL), glasses with high strength, high toughness, and high indentation cracking resistance can be achieved. The stress profiles achieved through chemical strengthening may have a variety of shapes that increase the drop performance, strength, toughness, and other attributes of the glass-based articles. [00157] Therefore, lithium aluminosilicate glasses with good physical properties, chemical durability, and ion exchangeability have drawn attention for use as cover glass. In particular, lithium containing aluminosilicate glasses, which have higher fracture toughness and reasonable raw material costs, are provided herein. Through different ion exchange processes, greater central tension (CT), depth of compression (DOC), and high compressive stress (CS) can be achieved. However, the addition of lithium in the aluminosilicate glass may reduce the melting point, softening point, or liquidus viscosity of the glass.
[00158] In embodiments of glass compositions described herein, the concentration of constituent components (e.g., SiO2, AI2O3, Li2O, and the like) are given in mole percent (mol%) on an oxide basis, unless otherwise specified. Components of the alkali aluminosilicate glass composition according to embodiments are discussed individually below. It should be understood that any of the variously recited ranges of one component may be individually combined with any of the variously recited ranges for any other component. As used herein, a trailing 0 in a number is intended to represent a significant digit for that number. For example, the number “1.0” includes two significant digits, and the number “1.00” includes three significant digits.
[00159] As utilized herein, a “glass substrate” refers to a glass piece that has not been ion exchanged. Similarly, a “glass-based article” refers to a glass piece that has been ion exchanged and is formed by subjecting a glass substrate to an ion exchange process. A “glass-based substrate” and a “glass-based article” are defined accordingly and include glass substrates and glass-based articles as well as substrates and articles that are made wholly or partly of glass, such as glass substrates that include a surface coating. While glass substrates and glass-based articles may generally be referred to herein for the sake of convenience, the descriptions of glass substrates and glass-based articles should be understood to apply equally to glass-based substrates and glass-based articles. As used herein, “glass-based” includes both glasses and glass-ceramics, wherein glass-ceramics have one or more crystalline phases and an amorphous, residual glass phase. A glass-based material (e.g., glass-based substrate) may comprise an amorphous material (e.g., glass) and optionally one or more crystalline materials (e.g., ceramic). Amorphous materials and glass-based materials may be strengthened.
[00160] Disclosed herein are P2O5 and B2O3 containing lithium aluminosilicate glass compositions that exhibit a high fracture toughness (Kic). In some embodiments, the glass compositions are characterized by a Kic fracture toughness value of at least 0.75 MPaVm. The glasses described herein are able to achieve these fracture toughness values without the inclusion of additives, such as ZrCh, Ta20s, TiCh, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3 that increase the fracture toughness but are expensive and may have limited commercial availability. In this respect, the glasses disclosed herein provide comparable or improved performance with reduced manufacturing costs.
[00161] While scratch performance is desirable, drop performance is the leading attribute for glass-based articles incorporated into mobile electronic devices. Fracture toughness and stress at depth are important for improved drop performance on rough surfaces. For this reason, maximizing the amount of stress that can be provided in a glass before reaching frangibility limit increases the stress at depth and the rough surface drop performance. The fracture toughness is known to control the frangibility limit and increasing the fracture toughness increases the frangibility limit. The glass compositions disclosed herein have a high fracture toughness and are capable of achieving high compressive stress levels while remaining non- frangible. These characteristics of the glass compositions enable the development of improved stress profiles designed to address particular failure modes. This capability allows the ion exchanged glass-based articles produced from the glass compositions described herein to be customized with different stress profiles to address particular failure modes of concern.
[00162] The compositions described herein are selected to achieve high fracture toughness values while also maintaining a desired degree of manufacturability. The compositions include high amounts of AI2O3 and Li2O to produce a desired fracture toughness while maintaining compatibility with desired manufacturing limits. The drop performance of ion exchanged glassbased articles formed from the glass compositions described herein is improved by increasing the depth of compression (DOC), which may be achieved at least in part by selecting a high Li/Na molar ratio. The glass compositions described herein provide improved ion exchange performance, as evidenced by an increased central tension capability and increased ion exchange speed, while also avoiding volatility issues at free surfaces during manufacturing that may be introduced by B2O3 and P2O5 contents that are too high.
[00163] In the glass compositions described herein, SiO2 is the largest constituent and, as such, SiO2 is the primary constituent of the glass network formed from the glass composition. Pure SiC>2 has a relatively low CTE. However, pure SiCh has a high melting point. Accordingly, if the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition is too high, the formability of the glass composition may be diminished as higher concentrations of SiCh increase the difficulty of melting the glass, which, in turn, adversely impacts the formability of the glass. If the concentration of SiCh in the glass composition is too low the chemical durability of the glass may be diminished, and the glass may be susceptible to surface damage during post-forming treatments. In embodiments, the glass composition generally comprises SiCh in an amount of from greater than or equal to 60 mol% to less than or equal to 66 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 60.5 mol% to less than or equal to 65.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 61 mol% to less than or equal to 65 mol%, greater than or equal to 61.5 mol% to less than or equal to 64.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 62 mol% to less than or equal to 64 mol%, greater than or equal to 62.5 mol% to less than or equal to 63.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 63 mol% to less than or equal to 65 mol%, greater than or equal to 64 mol% to less than or equal to 65 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00164] The glass compositions include AI2O3. AI2O3 may serve as a glass network former, similar to SiCh. AI2O3 may increase the viscosity of the glass composition due to its tetrahedral coordination in a glass melt formed from a glass composition, decreasing the formability of the glass composition when the amount of AI2O3 is too high. However, when the concentration of AI2O3 is balanced against the concentration of SiCh and the concentration of alkali oxides in the glass composition, AI2O3 can reduce the liquidus temperature of the glass melt, thereby enhancing the liquidus viscosity and improving the compatibility of the glass composition with certain forming processes. The inclusion of AI2O3 in the glass compositions enables the high fracture toughness values described herein. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises AhO3 in a concentration of from greater than or equal to 10.0 mol% to less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 12.0 mol% to less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 14.0 mol% to less than or equal to 16.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 14.5 mol% to less than or equal to 15.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15.0 mol% to less than or equal to 15.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 15 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00165] The glass compositions include Li2O. The inclusion of Li2O in the glass composition allows for better control of an ion exchange process and further reduces the softening point of the glass, thereby increasing the manufacturability of the glass. The presence of Li2O in the glass compositions also allows the formation of a stress profile with a parabolic shape. The Li2O in the glass compositions enables the high fracture toughness values described herein. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises Li2O in an amount from greater than or equal to 6.0 mol% to less than or equal to 9 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 7.0 mol% to less than or equal to 9.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 7.5 mol% to less than or equal to 8.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 8.0 mol% to less than or equal to 8.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% to less than or equal to 8 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the amount of Li2O in the glass composition is greater than or equal to 6 mol%, greater than or equal to 7 mol% or greater than or equal to 8 mol%.
[00166] The glass compositions described herein include Na2O. Na2O may aid in the ionexchangeability of the glass composition, and improve the formability, and thereby manufacturability, of the glass composition. However, if too much Na2O is added to the glass composition, the CTE may be too low, and the melting point may be too high. Additionally, if too much Na2O is included in the glass relative to the amount of Li2O the ability of the glass to achieve a deep depth of compression when ion exchanged may be reduced. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises Na2O in an amount from greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 4.0 mol% to less than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 4.5 mol% to less than or equal to 5.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00167] The glass compositions described herein include P2O5. The inclusion of P2O5 increases the diffusivity of ions in the glass, increasing the speed of the ion exchange process. If too much P2O5 is included in the composition the amount of compressive stress imparted in an ion exchange process may be reduced and volatility at free surfaces during manufacturing may increase to undesirable levels. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises P2O5 in an amount from greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 1.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00168] The glass compositions described herein include B2O3. The inclusion of B2O3 increases the fracture toughness of the glass. In particular, the glass compositions include boron in the trigonal configuration that increases the Knoop scratch threshold and fracture toughness of the glasses. If too much B2O3 is included in the composition the amount of compressive stress imparted in an ion exchange process may be reduced and volatility at free surfaces during manufacturing may increase to undesirable levels. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises B2O3 in an amount from greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 6.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 5.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% to less than or equal to 5 mol%, greater than or equal to 2 mol% to less than or equal to 4.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.5 mol% to less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 3.0 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% to less than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 3 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00169] The glass compositions described herein generally include TiCh. The inclusion of too much TiCh in the glass composition may result in the glass being susceptible to devitrification and/or exhibiting an undesirable coloration as well as undesirably changing the liquidus. The inclusion of TiCh in the glass composition prevents the undesirable discoloration of the glass if exposed to intense ultraviolet light, such as during post-processing treatments. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises TiCh in an amount from greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.2 mol% to less than or equal to 0.9 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% to less than or equal to 0.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol% to less than or equal to 0.7 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 0.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00170] The glass compositions may include K2O. The inclusion of K2O in the glass composition increases the potassium diffusivity in the glass, enabling a deeper depth of a compressive stress spike (DOLSP) to be achieved in a shorter amount of ion exchange time. If too much K2O is included in the composition the amount of compressive stress imparted during an ion-exchange process may be reduced. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises K2O in an amount from greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, such as greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.4 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.2 mol% to less than or equal to 0.3 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00171] The glass compositions described herein may include MgO. MgO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which enhances the formability and manufacturability of the glass. The inclusion of MgO in a glass composition may also improve the strain point and the Young’s modulus of the glass composition. However, if too much MgO is added to the glass composition, the liquidus viscosity may be too low for compatibility with desirable forming techniques. The addition of too much MgO may also increase the density and the CTE of the glass composition to undesirable levels. The inclusion of MgO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free or free of MgO. As used herein, the term “substantially free” means that the component is not purposefully added as a component of the batch material even though the component may be present in the final glass composition in very small amounts as a contaminant, such as less than 0.1 mol%.
[00172] The glass compositions described herein may include CaO. CaO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. However, if too much CaO is added to the glass composition, the density and the CTE of the glass composition may increase to undesirable levels and the ion exchangeability of the glass may be undesirably impeded. The inclusion of CaO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises CaO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free or free of CaO. [00173] The glass compositions described herein may include SrO. SrO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. However, if too much SrO is added to the glass composition, the density and the CTE of the glass composition may increase to undesirable levels and the ion exchangeability of the glass may be undesirably impeded. The inclusion of SrO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises SrO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 4.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2.5 mol%, greater than or equal to 1 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, greater than or equal to 2.0 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free or free of SrO.
[00174] The glass compositions described herein may include ZnO. ZnO may lower the viscosity of a glass, which may enhance the formability, the strain point, and the Young’s modulus. However, if too much ZnO is added to the glass composition, the density and the CTE of the glass composition may increase to undesirable levels. The inclusion of ZnO in the glass composition also helps to achieve the high fracture toughness values described herein and provides protection against UV induced discoloration. In embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZnO in an amount from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol%, such as greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1.0 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.9 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.2 mol% to less than or equal to 0.8 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.3 mol% to less than or equal to 0.7 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol% to less than or equal to 0.6 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.5 mol%, from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.3 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free or free of ZnO. [00175] The glass compositions may optionally include one or more fining agents. In embodiments, the fining agent may include, for example, SnCh. In embodiments, SnCh may be present in the glass composition in an amount less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, such as from greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.1 mol%, greater than or equal to 0 mol% to less than or equal to 0.05 mol%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% to less than or equal to 0.2 mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free or free of SnCh. In embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of one or both of arsenic and antimony. In other embodiments, the glass composition may be free of one or both of arsenic and antimony.
[00176] The glass compositions described herein may be formed primarily from SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, and B2O3. In embodiments, the glass compositions are substantially free or free of components other than SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, B2O3, and TiCh. In embodiments, the glass compositions are substantially free or free of components other than SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, B2O3, TiCh, and a fining agent. In embodiments, the glass compositions are substantially free or free of components other than SiCh, AI2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, B2O3, TiC>2, K2O, CaO, MgO, SrO, and a fining agent.
[00177] In embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free or free of Fe2O3. Iron is often present in raw materials utilized to form glass compositions, and as a result may be detectable in the glass compositions described herein even when not actively added to the glass batch.
[00178] In embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free or free of ZrCh. The inclusion of ZrCh in the glass composition may result in the formation of undesirable zirconia inclusions in the glass, due at least in part to the low solubility of ZrCh in the glass. While the inclusion of ZrCh in the glass may increase the fracture toughness, there are cost and supply constraints as well as the previously described devitrification issues that may make using these components undesirable for commercial purposes. Stated differently, the ability of the glass compositions described herein to achieve high fracture toughness values within the inclusion of ZrCh provides a cost and manufacturability advantage.
[00179] In embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free or free of at least one of Ta2Os, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3. In embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free or free of Ta20s, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3. While these components may increase the fracture toughness of the glass when included, there are cost and supply constraints that make using these components undesirable for commercial purposes. Stated differently, the ability of the glass compositions described herein to achieve high fracture toughness values within the inclusion of Ta2Os, HfCh, La2Os, and Y2O3 provides a cost and manufacturability advantage.
[00180] The glass compositions described herein may be described in terms of a lithium to sodium molar ratio (Li2O/Na2O). A high Li2O/Na2O molar ratio allows a deep depth of compression (DOC) to be achieved when the glass compositions are ion exchanged. The increased DOC capability attributable to the high Li2O/Na2O molar ratios allows the ion exchanged articles formed from the glass compositions to exhibit improved drop performance, especially on rough surfaces. In embodiments, the glass composition is characterized by a Li2O/Na2O molar ratio from greater than or equal to 1.2 to less than or equal to 2.0, such as greater than or equal to 1.3 to less than or equal to 1.9, greater than or equal to 1.4 to less than or equal to 1.8, greater than or equal to 1.5 to less than or equal to 1.7, greater than or equal to 1.6 to less than or equal to 2.0, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the Li2O/Na2O molar ratio is greater than or equal to 1.2, greater than or equal to 1.4, or greater than or equal to 1.6.
[00181] Physical properties of the glass compositions as disclosed above will now be discussed.
[00182] In embodiments, the glass compositions described herein can be strengthened, such as by ion exchange, making a glass-based article that is damage resistant for applications such as, but not limited to, display covers. With reference to FIG. 1, a glass-based article is depicted that has a first region under compressive stress (e.g., first and second compressive stress layers 120, 122 in FIG. 1) extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the glassbased article and a second region (e.g., central region 130 in FIG. 1) under a tensile stress or central tension (CT) extending from the DOC into the central or interior region of the glassbased article. As used herein, DOC refers to the depth at which the stress within the glass-based article changes from compressive to tensile. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress and thus exhibits a stress value of zero.
[00183] According to the convention normally used in the art, compression or compressive stress is expressed as a negative (< 0) stress and tension or tensile stress is expressed as a positive (> 0) stress. Throughout this description, however, CS is expressed as a positive or absolute value — i.e., as recited herein, CS = I CS | . The compressive stress (CS) has a maximum at or near the surface of the glass-based article, and the CS varies with distance d from the surface according to a function. Referring again to FIG. 1, a first segment 120 extends from first surface 110 to a depth di and a second segment 122 extends from second surface 112 to a depth d2. Together, these segments define a compression or CS of glass-based article 100.
[00184] Compressive stress layers may be formed in the glass by exposing the glass to an ion exchange medium. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may be molten nitrate salt. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may be a molten salt bath, and may include KNO3, NaNCh, or combinations thereof. In embodiments, other sodium and potassium salts may be used in the ion exchange medium, such as, for example sodium or potassium nitrites, carbonates, phosphates, or sulfates. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include lithium salts, such as LiNCh. The ion exchange medium may additionally include additives commonly included when ion exchanging glass, such as silicic acid. The ion exchange process is applied to a glass-based substrate to form a glass-based article that includes a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression and a central tension region. The glass-based substrate utilized in the ion exchange process may include any of the glass compositions described herein. [00185] In embodiments, the ion exchange medium comprises NaNCh. The sodium in the ion exchange medium exchanges with lithium ions in the glass to produce a compressive stress. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include NaNCh in an amount of less than or equal to 95 wt%, such as less than or equal to 90 wt%, less than or equal to 80 wt%, less than or equal to 70 wt%, less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, less than or equal to 40 wt%, less than or equal to 30 wt%, less than or equal to 20 wt%, less than or equal to 10 wt%, or less. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include NaNCh in an amount of greater than or equal to 5 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 90 wt%, or more. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include NaNCh in an amount of greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 100 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the molten ion exchange medium includes 100 wt% NaNCh.
[00186] In embodiments, the ion exchange medium comprises KNO3. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include KNO3 in an amount of less than or equal to 95 wt%, such as less than or equal to 90 wt%, less than or equal to 80 wt%, less than or equal to 70 wt%, less than or equal to 60 wt%, less than or equal to 50 wt%, less than or equal to 40 wt%, less than or equal to 30 wt%, less than or equal to 20 wt%, less than or equal to 10 wt%, or less. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include KNO3 in an amount of greater than or equal to 5 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt%, greater than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 90 wt%, or more. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include KNO3 in an amount of greater than or equal to 0 wt% to less than or equal to 100 wt%, such as greater than or equal to 10 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, greater than or equal to 20 wt% to less than or equal to 80 wt%, greater than or equal to 30 wt% to less than or equal to 70 wt%, greater than or equal to 40 wt% to less than or equal to 60 wt%, greater than or equal to 50 wt% to less than or equal to 90 wt%, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the molten ion exchange medium includes 100 wt% KNO3.
[00187] The ion exchange medium may include a mixture of sodium and potassium. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium is a mixture of potassium and sodium, such as a molten salt bath that includes both NaNCh and KNO3. In embodiments, the ion exchange medium may include any combination NaNCh and KNO3 in the amounts described above, such as a molten salt bath containing 50.0 wt% NaNCh and 50.0 wt% KNO3, containing 80.0 wt% NaNOs and 20.0 wt% KNO3, containing 70.0 wt% NaNCh and 30.0 wt% KNO3. containing 0.5 wt% NaNOs, 94.5 wt% KNO3, and 5.0 wt% K2CO3, containing 2.0 wt% NaNCh and 98.0 wt% KNO3, containing 1.0 wt% NaNCh and 99.0 wt% KNO3 containing 0.3 wt% NaNCh and 99.7 wt% KNO3, containing 0.2 wt% NaNCh and 99.8 wt% KNO3, containing 45.0 wt% LiNO3, 10.0 wt% NaNO3, and 45.0 wt% KNO3.
[00188] The glass composition may be exposed to the ion exchange medium by dipping a glass substrate made from the glass composition into a bath of the ion exchange medium, spraying the ion exchange medium onto a glass substrate made from the glass composition, or otherwise physically applying the ion exchange medium to a glass substrate made from the glass composition to form the ion exchanged glass-based article. Upon exposure to the glass composition, the ion exchange medium may, according to embodiments, be at a temperature from greater than or equal to 360 °C to less than or equal to 500 °C, such as greater than or equal to 370 °C to less than or equal to 490 °C, greater than or equal to 380 °C to less than or equal to 480 °C, greater than or equal to 390 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, greater than or equal to 400 °C to less than or equal to 460 °C, greater than or equal to 410 °C to less than or equal to 450 °C, greater than or equal to 420 °C to less than or equal to 440 °C, greater than or equal to 430 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, greater than or equal to 400 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, greater than or equal to 380 °C to less than or equal to 470 °C, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the glass composition may be exposed to the ion exchange medium for a duration from greater than or equal to 10 minutes to less than or equal to 48 hours, such as greater than or equal to 10 minutes to less than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 0.5 hours to less than or equal to 24 hours, greater than or equal to 1 hours to less than or equal to 18 hours, greater than or equal to 2 hours to less than or equal to 12 hours, greater than or equal to 4 hours to less than or equal to 8 hours, and all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00189] The ion exchange process may include a second ion exchange treatment and an optional third ion exchange treatment. In embodiments, the second ion exchange treatment may include ion exchanging the glass-based article in a second molten salt bath. The second ion exchange treatment may utilize any of the ion exchange mediums described herein. In embodiments, the second ion exchange treatment utilizes a second molten salt bath that includes KNO3. In embodiments, the third ion exchange treatment may include ion exchanging the glass-based article in a third molten salt bath. The third ion exchange treatment may utilize any of the ion exchange mediums described herein. In embodiments, the third ion exchange treatment utilizes a second molten salt bath that includes KNO3
[00190] Conducting an ion exchange strengthening treatment on glass compositions disclosed and described herein using the ion exchange medium, time, and temperatures disclosed and described herein forms a compressive stress profile in glass-based article.
[00191] Compressive stress (including surface CS) may be measured by surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurements rely upon the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn is measured according to Procedure C (Glass Disc Method) described in ASTM standard C770-16, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress- Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [00192] As will be discussed in more detail below, glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein have a shallow depth (such as a compressive stress spike region within the first 6 pm of depth) resulting from lower potassium diffusion rates. Accordingly, metrology using longer wavelengths may not accurately capture the shallow stress profile characteristics because there is an insufficient number fringes to capture the birefringence of those shallow stress profile characteristics. As a result, metrology with shorter wavelength light source(s) are needed to accurately measure the stress profile within the spike region from glass surface to the knee (described in more detail below). Therefore, metrology using prism-coupling reflectance spectra in TE and TM polarizations at wavelengths between 365 nm and 640 nm, such as a wavelength of 442 nm, are used to accurately capture the shallow stress profile characteristics. Exemplary methods are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,140,543 describing the method used to measure CSk, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[00193] The central tension (CT) and depth of compression (DOC) was measured using a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) technique known in the art. The refracted near-field (RNF) method or SCALP may be used to determine the stress profile of the glass-based articles. When the RNF method is utilized to measure the stress profile, the maximum CT value provided by SCALP is utilized in the RNF method. In particular, the stress profile determined by RNF is force balanced and calibrated to the maximum CT value provided by a SCALP measurement. The RNF method is described in U.S. Patent No. 8,854,623, entitled “Systems and methods for measuring a profile characteristic of a glass sample,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In particular, the RNF method includes placing the glass-based article adjacent to a reference block, generating a polarization-switched light beam that is switched between orthogonal polarizations at a rate of between 1 Hz and 50 Hz, measuring an amount of power in the polarization-switched light beam and generating a polarization-switched reference signal, wherein the measured amounts of power in each of the orthogonal polarizations are within 50% of each other. The method further includes transmitting the polarization-switched light beam through the glass sample and reference block for different depths into the glass sample, then relaying the transmitted polarization-switched light beam to a signal photodetector using a relay optical system, with the signal photodetector generating a polarization-switched detector signal. The method also includes dividing the detector signal by the reference signal to form a normalized detector signal and determining the profile characteristic of the glass sample from the normalized detector signal.
[00194] The central tension (CT) and depth of compression (DOC) was also measured using a technique described by Orihara as a combination of FSM and SLP metrologies in 2017 as a methodology to compose a single-curve stress profile (e.g. folded-shaped profile or FSM-SLP profile) from surface to half thickness for ion-exchanged, lithium-containing alkali aluminosilicate glasses (See Inaba, S. et. al., 2017. http://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.17137). The FSM portion of the methodology provides near-surface region (e.g. less than or equal to aboutlO microns) stress distribution information while the SLP portion of the methodology provides deep region (e.g. greater than or equal to about 50 microns) stress distribution information. An operator separately collects the FSM and SLP profiles then combines, or composes, these portions into a single-curve stress profile (e.g. FSM-SLP profile) using a specifically design software package. All the instrumentation and software for this methodology are commercially available from Orihara.
[00195] The FSM spectra were collected on an FSM-6000UV instrument (Orihara) operating at 365nm. The instrument calibration was checked by measuring a reference sample from Orihara four times and ensuring that the average surface stress value was within 10 MPa of the reference value. Spectral data was processing using FSMV software (Orihara) in Chemical II mode with the transition as the Adopt Boundary (BP) option. The stress optical coefficient (SOC) and refractive index (RI) at 365 nm were determined using dispersion curves fitted to measured data. The thickness was measured at each corner of the specimen and averaged. FSM profiles were generated with the auto-measure function with two exceptions. Exception 1 : occasionally, auto-measure did not detect a faint bounded-mode fringe, added an extra bounded mode-fringe, or misplaced the transition. In these cases, the operator used manual measurement and luminance curves to set the missed fringe position, to delete the extraneous fringe, or to adjust the position of the transition. Exception 2: occasionally, when larger number of fringes were present (e.g. greater than or equal to 4) auto-measure produced an FSM profile with a very large depth (e.g. 2 mm) which can cause errors during FSM-SLP stress profile composition. In this case, the fringe immediately to the left of the transition (i.e. the highest whole-number fringe) was manually deleted.
[00196] The SLP scattering data were collected on an SLP-2000 operating at 405 nm (Orihara). The instrument calibration was checked by measuring DOL Zero and surface stress reference sample from Orihara and a deep CT Corning Gorilla Glass 4 reference sample. All samples were measured 10 times. Average DOL Zero was within 1 micron of reference value and average surface and deep CT stress were within 2% of the reference value. Scattering was reduced at the specimen-air interface by optically coupling a non-tempered piece of glass on top of the specimen. Scattering data was processed using SLPIV software (Orihara) with the ER2_rb fitting function as recommended by Orihara for two-step ion exchanged thin glass. The stress optical coefficient (SOC) and refractive index (RI) at 405 nm were determined using dispersion curves fitted to measured data. The average thickness from the prior FSM measurements was used. The operator manually set the scattering data analysis window through an iterative process of checking the fitted data to the raw retardation data, checking the retardation offset within the Dig Cal window, and ensuring that the measured thickness matched the average thickness within 5 microns. A total of 5 orientations from the middle of each specimen were collected and processed. Orientations were selected that exhibited minimal surface scattering effects (e.g. bright spots or secondary scattering effects) to increase measurement quality.
[00197] The FSM and SLP data were combined in the PMC software (Orihara) utilizing the option to adopt the SOC and RI information from the input files. The operator primarily composed profiles using the Retardation Mode option with fitting function ErFncl8_3s_CSp_ph0 with defaults of FSM=10 and SLP=70. The operator iteratively composed profiles by varying the SLP value between 30 and 70 until identifying a composed profile that fit the displayed FSM and SLP component stress profiles and had an S-rate, which is the ratio between the compressive and the tensile areas, between 0.99 and 1.01. Occasionally, retardation fitting did not result in an acceptable profile, which is most likely to occur when the FSM spectrum contains only 2 bound-mode fringes. In these cases, the operator composed the profiles using Stress Mode with fitting function ErFcnl l with defaults of FSM=10 and SLP=20. The operator iteratively composed profiles by varying the SLP value between 15 and 70 until identifying a composed profile that fit the displayed FSM and SLP component stress profiles and had an S-rate between 0.97 and 1.03.
[00198] The stress profile according to one or more embodiments will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. The exemplary compressive stress profile shown in FIG. 2, which was measured using RNF, comprises two distinct regions; a spike region that extends from the surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer (DOL) of about 5 pm and a low-slope region extending from a DOL of about 5 pm to the center of the glass-based article. As shown in FIG. 2, the slope of the spike region is significantly greater than the slope of the low-slope region. The compressive stress profile has a peak compressive stress (CSP) at the surface of the glass-based article (i.e., at the peak of the spike portion). The inflection point where the stress profile shifts from the spike region to the low-slope region is referred to herein as the “knee” and, thus, the compressive stress at this inflection point of the stress profile is referred to as the compressive stress of the knee (CSk). In embodiments, the CSk may be determined by the intersection of a line that is a mathematical fit for the spike region and a line that is the mathematical fit of the low-slope region. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the depth of compression (DOC) is present at a depth in the glass-based article where the stress crosses zero on the y-axis and turns from positive stress to negative stress.
[00199] In embodiments, the peak compressive stress (CSP) of the glass-based articles, as measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 400 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 450 MPa, greater than or equal to 500 MPa, greater than or equal to 550 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 720 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa, greater than or equal to 950 MPa, greater than or equal to 1000 MPa, greater than or equal to 1020 MPa, greater than or equal to 1050 MPa, or greater than or equal to 1060 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the above CSP values, the maximum CSP may, in embodiments, be 1500 MPa. Accordingly, in embodiments, the CSP of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 400 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 500 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 720 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1000 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1020 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1100 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1200 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, greater than or equal to 1300 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 1400 MPa and less than or equal to 1500 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00200] In one or more embodiments, the compressive stress at the knee (CSk), as measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 100 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 140 MPa, greater than or equal to 160 MPa, greater than or equal to 180 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa, or greater than or equal to 220 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the above CSk values, the maximum CSk may, in embodiments, be 240 MPa. In embodiments, the CSk of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 120 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 140 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 160 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 180 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, or greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00201] The glass-based article, according to embodiments, has a depth of compression per thickness (DOC/t), measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 0.17, such as greater than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.19, or greater than or equal to 0.20 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the DOC/t values above, the maximum DOC/t may be 0.23. Accordingly, in embodiments, the DOC/t may be greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.23, such as greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.23, or greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.23 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00202] With reference now to FIG. 3, which is a magnified view of the stress profile depicted in FIG. 2, the spike region of the compressive stress profile has two different slope regions. As shown in FIG. 3, the first slope region extends from the surface (a depth of 0 pm) of the glassbased article to a depth of about 2 pm and the second slope region extends from a depth of about 2 pm to the knee (about 5 pm). It should be understood that in embodiments, the depth of the first slope region and the depth of the second slope region may differ from the values shown in FIG. 3. For instance, the first slope region may extend from the surface (a depth of 0 pm) of the glass-based article to a depth of about 1 pm, a depth of about 2 pm, a depth of about 3 pm or a depth of about 4 pm and the second slope region may extend from a depth of about 1 pm to the knee, a depth of about 2 pm to the knee, a depth of about 3 pm to the knee, a depth of about 4 pm to the knee, a depth of about 5 pm to the knee, or a depth of about 6 pm to the knee.
[00203] The slope of the first slope region is greater than the slope of the second slope region. In embodiments, the slope of the first slope region is greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 240 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 320 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 400 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 420 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 240 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 320 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 400 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 320 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 320 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 240 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 320 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 240 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 240 MPa/pm, or greater than or equal to 80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 160 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In one or more embodiments, the slope of the first slope region is greater than or equal to 300 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 315 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 330 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 345 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 360 MPa/pm, or greater than or equal to 375 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00204] In embodiments, the estimated average slope of the first slope region is measured on a single sample. In such embodiments, the median absolute value of the slope can be measured. Accordingly, in embodiments, the slope of the first slope region has a median value, as measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 185 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 190 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 195 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 185 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 190 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 195 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 185 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 185 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 185 MPa/pm, or greater than or equal to 175 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 180 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. [00205] In embodiments, the slope of the first slope region has a median absolute value, as measured by FSM AND SLP, that is greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 170 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 190 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 200 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 170 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 180 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 190 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 180 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 180 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 180 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 180 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 170 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 180 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 170 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 170 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 170 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 160 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 170 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 160 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 160 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 155 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 160 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 155 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 153 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 155 MPa/pm, or greater than or equal to 150 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 153 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00206] In embodiments, the median absolute value of the slope of the second slope region, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to
2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to
1.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.25 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.00 MPa/qm, or greater than or equal to 0.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 0.75 MPa/qm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In other embodiments, the slope of the second slope region is less than or equal to 50 MPa/pm, such as less than or equal to 40 MPa/pm, less than or equal to 30 MPa/pm, or less than or equal to 20 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00207] In embodiments, the median absolute value of the slope of the second slope region, measured by FSM AND SLP, is greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.10 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.05 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 2.00 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.95 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to
1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.90 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to
1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.85 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.80 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.75 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to
1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.70 MPa/pm, or greater than or equal to 1.60 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.65 MPa/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00208] In embodiments, the slope of the second slope region is measured multiple times on a single sample — or measured on a number of compositionally identical samples that have been ion exchanged in an identical manner. In such embodiments, the median value of the slope can be measured. Accordingly, in embodiments, the slope of the second slope region, measured by RNF, has a median value that is greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, such as greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.44 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/pm, greater than or equal to 1.46 MPa/pm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.55 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.44 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.46 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.52 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.44 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.46 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.50 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.44 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.46 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.48 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.46 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.46 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.44 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.46 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.44 MPa/qm, greater than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.44 MPa/qm, or greater than or equal to 1.40 MPa/qm and less than or equal to 1.42 MPa/qm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00209] Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the unique stress profile of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein may be correlated to the potassium concentration present near the surface of the glass-based article. FIG. 4 graphically depicts the molar concentration of alkali metal ions at various depths of the glass-based article after a single ion exchange treatment. As shown in FIG. 4, the potassium concentration is the largest of the three concentrations (K2O, Li2O, and Na2O) at the surface of the glass-based article (z.e., a depth of 0 pm). However, the potassium concentration decreases rapidly from the surface of the glass-based article to a depth of about 2 pm. At a depth of about 2 pm, the slope of the potassium concentration decreases indicating that the potassium concentration is still decreasing as depth increases albeit at a much lower rate. Finally, between depths of about 5 pm to about 6 pm, the slope of the potassium concentration curve decreases further and eventually reaches a slope that is approximately 0 mole/pm. As can be seen in a comparison of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the potassium concentration curve in FIG. 4 has different sloped regions that correspond with the two sloped regions in the spike region of the stress profile. Thus, it is believed that the decreasing potassium concentration within the depths corresponding to the spike region (z.e., depths from 0 pm to about 6 pm) have a strong correlation with the stress in the spike region. Accordingly, achieving a desired diffusivity of potassium into the glass substrate during ion exchange processes will enable the stress profiles disclosed and described herein. This potassium diffusivity is achievable by combining the glass compositions disclosed and described herein with appropriate ion exchange treatments.
[00210] As described above, the potassium concentration curve after a first ion exchange treatment has three different sloped regions. The first sloped region of the potassium concentration curve is from the surface of the glass-based article (z.e., a depth of 0 pm) to a depth of about 2 pm. This first sloped region of the potassium concentration curve has a slope that is greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, such as greater than or equal to about 2.25 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.50 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.75 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 3.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 3.25 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.50 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.25 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 3.00 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 2.75 mol% BGO/pm, greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 2.50 mol% BGO/pm, or greater than or equal to about 2.00 mol% BGO/pm and less than or equal to about 2.25 mol% K20/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00211] The second sloped region of the potassium concentration curve is from a depth of about 2 pm to a depth of about 6 pm and has a slope that is greater than or equal to 0.4 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.64 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.7 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.84 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.9 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 1.0 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.9 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.8 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.7 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.6 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mol%
K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.5 mol% K20/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00212] The third sloped region of the potassium concentration curve is present from a depths greater than 6 pm and has a slope that is greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.3 mol% K20/pm, such as greater than or equal to 0.21 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.3 mol% K20/pm, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% K20/pm and less than or equal to 0.2 mol% K20/pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00213] The thickness (t) of the glass-based articles is, in embodiments, less than or equal to 1.00 mm, such as less than or equal to 0.90 mm, less than or equal to 0.80 mm, less than or equal to 0.75 mm, less than or equal to 0.73 mm, less than or equal to 0.70 mm, less than or equal to 0.65 mm, less than or equal to 0.60 mm, less than or equal to 0.55 mm, less than or equal to 0.50 mm, or less than or equal to 0.45 mm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the thickness values above, the minimum thickness may be 0.40 mm. Accordingly, in embodiments, the thickness of the glass-based article is greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 1.00 mm, such as greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.90 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.80 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.75 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.73 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.70 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.65 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.60 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.55 mm, greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.50 mm, or greater than or equal to 0.40 mm and less than or equal to 0.45 mm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00214] The central tension (CT) of glass-based articles according to embodiments, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 90 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 110 MPa, or greater than or equal to 115 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the CT values above, the maximum CT according to embodiments is 120 MPa. Accordingly, in embodiments, the CT of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, greater than or equal to 110 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa, or greater than or equal to 115 MPa and less than or equal to 120 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00215] The central tension (CT) of glass based articles according to embodiments, measured by FSM AND SLP, is greater than or equal to 80 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 85 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa, or greater than or equal to 110 MPa. In embodiments, the CT of the glass based articles according to embodiments, is greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 105 MPa and less than or equal to 110 MPa, greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 100 MPa and less than or equal to 105 MPa, greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 95 MPa and less than or equal to 100 MPa, greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 90 MPa and less than or equal to 95 MPa, greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 85 MPa and less than or equal to 90 MPa, or greater than or equal to 80 MPa and less than or equal to 85 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00216] According to embodiments, the depth of layer of the spike region (DOLsp), measured by RNF, is less than or equal to 12 pm, such as less than or equal to 11 pm, less than or equal to 10 pm, less than or equal to 9 pm, less than or equal to 8 pm, less than or equal to 7 pm, less than or equal to 6 pm, less than or equal to 5 pm, less than or equal to 4 pm, or less than or equal to 3 pm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00217] Equations used to calculate elastic energy in the compression and tension regions of the stress profiles, assuming symmetric profiles are given below:
The stored energy in compression:
The stored energy in tension: Where v is the Poisson ratio of the glass, E is the Young’s modulus (in GPa), o is the stress (in MPa), t is the glass thickness in gm, and DOC is the depth of compression in gm. The units for Wgi ns and W^°mp are J/m2.
[00218] The ratio of elastic energy in compression to elastic energy in tension is:
[00219] According to embodiments, the total stored energy in the glass-based article, measured by RNF, is less than or equal to 90 J/m2, such as less than 80 J/m2, less than 70 J/m2, less than 60 J/m2, less than 50 J/m2, less than 40 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.. For each of the above total stored energy values, the minimum total stored energy may be 30 J/m2. Accordingly, in embodiments, the total stored energy is greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 60 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2, greater than or equal to 60 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 60 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 70 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2, greater than or equal to 70 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 80 J/m2 and less than or equal to 90 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. [00220] According to embodiments, the total stored energy in the glass-based article, measured by SLP and FSM, is less than or equal to 80 J/m2, such as less than 70 J/m2, less than 60 J/m2, less than 50 J/m2, less than 40 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.. For each of the above total stored energy values, the minimum total stored energy may be 30 J/m2. Accordingly, in embodiments, the total stored energy is greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 60 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2, greater than or equal to 60 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 70 J/m2 and less than or equal to 80 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00221] According to embodiments, the total stored tension energy in the glass-based article, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 10 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the above total stored tension energy values, the maximum total stored tension energy may be 30 J/m2. Accordingly, in embodiments, the total stored tension energy is greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 30 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m2 and less than 30 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than 30 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 and less than 30 J/m2, greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 25 J/m2, greater than or equal to 15 J/m2 and less than 25 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than 25 J/m2, greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 20 J/m2, greater than or equal to 15 J/m2 and less than 20 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 15 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00222] According to embodiments, the total stored tension energy in the glass-based article, measured by SLP and FSM, is greater than or equal to 10 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the above total stored tension energy values, the maximum total stored tension energy may be 25 J/m2. Accordingly, in embodiments, the total stored tension energy is greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 25 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 15 J/m2 and less than 25 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than 25 J/m2, greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 20 J/m2, greater than or equal to 15 J/m2 and less than 20 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 10 J/m2 and less than 15 J/m2 including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values.
[00223] According to embodiments, the total stored compression energy in the glass-based article, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 20 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 60 J/m2, including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the above values of total stored compression energy, the maximum total stored compression energy may be 70 J/m2. Accordingly, in embodiments, the total stored compression energy in the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 60 J/m2 and less than or equal to 70 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 20 J/m2 and less than or equal to 30 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00224] According to embodiments, the total stored compression energy in the glass-based article, measured by SLP and FSM, is greater than or equal to 25 J/m2, such as greater than or equal to 30 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. For each of the above values of total stored compression energy, the maximum total stored compression energy may be 60 J/m2. Accordingly, in embodiments, the total stored compression energy in the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 50 J/m2 and less than or equal to 60 J/m2, greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 40 J/m2 and less than or equal to 50 J/m2, greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m2, greater than or equal to 30 J/m2 and less than or equal to 40 J/m2, or greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 and less than or equal to 30 J/m2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00225] Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the ratio of tension energy to compression energy is indicative of the mechanical performance of glass-based articles.
[00226] Accordingly, in embodiments, the ratio of tension energy to compression energy, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.45, such as greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.41 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.42 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.43 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.44 and less than or equal to 0.45, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.41 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.42 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.43 and less than or equal to 0.44, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.41 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.42 and less than or equal to 0.43, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.42, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.42, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.42, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.42, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.42, greater than or equal to 0.41 and less than or equal to 0.42, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.41, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.41, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.41, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.41, greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.41, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.40, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.40, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.40, greater than or equal to 0.39 and less than or equal to 0.40, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.39, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.39, greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.39, greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.38, greater than or equal to 0.37 and less than or equal to 0.38, or greater than or equal to 0.36 and less than or equal to 0.37 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00227] In embodiments, the ratio of compression energy to tension energy, measured by SLP and FSM, is greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 3.00, such as greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.60 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.70 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.75 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.80 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.90 and less than or equal to 3.00, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.60 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.70 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.75 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.80 and less than or equal to 2.90, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.60 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.70 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.75 and less than or equal to 2.80, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.60 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.70 and less than or equal to 2.75, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.60 and less than or equal to 2.70, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.50 and less than or equal to 2.60, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.50, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.50, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.50, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.50, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.50, greater than or equal to 2.40 and less than or equal to 2.50, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.40, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.40, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.40, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.40, greater than or equal to 2.30 and less than or equal to 2.40, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.30, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.30, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.30, greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.30, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.25, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.25, greater than or equal to 2.20 and less than or equal to 2.25, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.20, greater than or equal to 2.10 and less than or equal to 2.20, greater than or equal to 2.00 and less than or equal to 2.10 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00228] Glass compositions according to embodiments have a high fracture toughness. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the high fracture toughness may impart improved drop performance to the glass compositions. The high fracture toughness of the glass compositions described herein increases the resistance of the glasses to damage and allows a higher degree of stress to be imparted to the glass through ion exchange, as characterized by central tension, without becoming frangible. As utilized herein, the fracture toughness refers to the Kic value as measured by the chevron notched short bar method unless otherwise noted. The chevron notched short bar (CNSB) method utilized to measure the Kic value is disclosed in Reddy, K.P.R. et al, “Fracture Toughness Measurement of Glass and Ceramic Materials Using Chevron-Notched Specimens,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 71 [6], C-310-C-313 (1988) except that Y*m is calculated using equation 5 of Bubsey, R.T. et al., “Closed-Form Expressions for Crack-Mouth Displacement and Stress Intensity Factors for Chevron-Notched Short Bar and Short Rod Specimens Based on Experimental Compliance Measurements,” NASA Technical Memorandum 83796, pp. 1-30 (October 1992). Additionally, the Kic values are measured on non- strengthened glass samples, such as measuring the Kic value prior to ion exchanging a glass-based substrate to form a glass-based article. The Kic values discussed herein are reported in MPaVm, unless otherwise noted.
[00229] In embodiments, the glass-based articles have a fracture toughness (Kic) that is greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa • m and less than or equal to 0.85 MPa • m, such as greater than or equal to 0.80 MPa • 4m and less than or equal to 0.85 MPa • 4m, or greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa • 4m and less than or equal to 0.80 MPa • 4m including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values.
[00230] According to embodiments, the Young’s modulus of the glass-based articles is greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa, such as greater than or equal to 75 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa, greater than or equal to 80 GPa and less than or equal to 85 GPa, greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa, or greater than or equal to 70 GPa and less than or equal to 75 GPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00231] According to embodiments, the tension area divided by the thickness (t), measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 35 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 40 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 45 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 40 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 35 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the tension area is the area of the tension portion of the stress profile curve, which is present between below values of 0 on the y-axis and is positioned between the x-axis and the tension portion of the curve.
[00232] According to embodiments, the tension area divided by the thickness (t), measured by SLP and FSM, is greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 35 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 40 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 45 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 45 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 40 MPa, greater than or equal to 30 MPa and less than or equal to 35 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the tension area is the area of the tension portion of the stress profile curve, which is present between below values of 0 on the y-axis and is positioned between the x-axis and the tension portion of the curve.
[00233] Various mechanical properties of the glass-based articles are dependent on, in addition to the stress profile characteristics, the thickness of glass-based articles, such as, for example, applied stress, drop test, applied surface strength, and applied edge strength.
[00234] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives an applied stress that is greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 235 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 245 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 255 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 265 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 285 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 295 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 295 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 285 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 275 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 265 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 245 MPa, or greater than or equal to 225 MPa and less than or equal to 235 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. As used herein, the term “survives” means that the glass-based article does not present mechanical failure or crack.
[00235] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives an applied stress that is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 280 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 290 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 310 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 320 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 330 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 340 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 340 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 330 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 320 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 310 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 280 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 270 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 260 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00236] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives an applied stress that is greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 285 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 295 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 305 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 315 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 335 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 345 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 355 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 365 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 365 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 355 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 345 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 335 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 315 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 305 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 295 MPa, greater than or equal to 275 MPa and less than or equal to 285 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00237] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives a drop test from heights greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm measured by a drop test using 180 grit sandpaper, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 120 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 130 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 140 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 150 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 160 cm and less than or equal to 175 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 160 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 150 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 140 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 130 cm, greater than or equal to 110 cm and less than or equal to 120 cm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00238] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives a drop test from heights greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm measured by a drop test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 190 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 200 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 210 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 210 cm, greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 200 cm, or greater than or equal to 180 cm and less than or equal to 190 cm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. [00239] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives a drop test from heights greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm measured by a drop test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 210 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 215 cm and less than or equal to 220 cm, greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 215 cm, greater than or equal to 205 cm and less than or equal to 210 cm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00240] Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the ratio of the compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to the peak compressive stress (CSP) is indicative of the mechanical performance of glass-based articles. Likewise, without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the ratio of the depth of layer (DOL) to the depth of compression (DOC) is indicative of the mechanical performance of glass-based articles. Accordingly the two ratios discussed above may be fine-tuned in glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein to achieve desired mechanical properties of the glass based articles, such as improved deep damage fracture resistance.
[00241] Accordingly, in embodiments, the ratio of CSk to CSP, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.25, such as greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.23 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.24 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.23 and less than or equal to 0.24, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.23, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.21 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.21, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.21, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.21, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.19 and less than or equal to 0.20, or greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.19 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00242] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by RNF that is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.08, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.07, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.06, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.05, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.04, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.04, or greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00243] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a CSP, measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values, as disclosed previously herein.
[00244] In one or more embodiments, the ratio of CSk to CSP, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.25, such as greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.16 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.16 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.16 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.18 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.16 and less than or equal to 0.18, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.16, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.16, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.16, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.16, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.16, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.14 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.14, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.14, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.14, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, or greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.10 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00245] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.05, such as greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05, greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.04, greater than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.04, or greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00246] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a CSP, measured by RNF, that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values, as disclosed previously herein.
[00247] In one or more embodiments, the ratio of CSk to CSP, measured by RNF, is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, such as greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.09, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.09, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.09, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.08, or greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00248] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio, measured by RNF, may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio that is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, such as greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.06, or greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00249] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio, measured by RNF, and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, such as less than or equal to 0.40 mm, less than or equal to 0.35 mm, less than or equal to 0.30 mm, or less than or equal to 0.25 mm including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00250] In embodiments, the ratio of CSk to CSP, measured by SLP and FSM, is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.30, such as greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.27 and less than or equal to 0.30, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.27, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.22 and less than or equal to 0.25, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.22, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.17 and less than or equal to 0.20, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.17, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.17, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.17, greater than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.17, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.12 and less than or equal to 0.15, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.10 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00251] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by SLP and FSM that is greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.044, such as greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.030 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.035 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.040 and less than or equal to 0.044, greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.030 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.035 and less than or equal to 0.040, greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.035, greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.035, greater than or equal to 0.030 and less than or equal to 0.035, greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.030, greater than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.030, greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than or equal to 0.025 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00252] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a CSP, measured by SLP and FSM, that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00253] In embodiments, the ratio of CSk to CSP, measured by SLP and FSM, is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, such as greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.12, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.11, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.09 and less than or equal to 0.10, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.09, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.09, greater than or equal to 0.08 and less than or equal to 0.09, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.08, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00254] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio may also include a depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) ratio, measured by SLP and FSM that is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, such as greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.07, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.06, greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.05 including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values.
[00255] Embodiments having the above CSk to CSP ratio and DOL to DOC ratio may also have a thickness that is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, such as less than or equal to 0.40 mm, less than or equal to 0.35 mm, less than or equal to 0.30 mm, less than or equal to 0.25 mm, less than or equal to 0.20 mm, or less than or equal to 0.15 mm including all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. It should be understood that for each of the above ranges, the minimum thickness of one or more embodiments may be 0.15 mm.
[00256] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.4 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 240 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 250 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 285 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 240 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 250 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 240 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 250 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, greater than or equal to 240 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, greater than or equal to 250 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 250 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 250 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 250 Kgf, greater than or equal to 240 Kgf and less than or equal to 250 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 240 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 240 Kgf, greater than or equal to 225 Kgf and less than or equal to 240 Kgf, greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 225 Kgf, greater than or equal to 215 Kgf and less than or equal to 225 Kgf, or greater than or equal to 200 Kgf and less than or equal to 215 Kgf including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00257] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 290 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 300 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 310 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 330 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 340 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 330 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 320 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 310 Kgf, greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, or greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 290 Kgf including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf measured by a ROR biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 285 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 295 Kgf and less than or equal to 300 Kgf, greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 285 Kgf and less than or equal to 295 Kgf, greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 275 Kgf and less than or equal to 285 Kgf, greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 265 Kgf and less than or equal to 275 Kgf, greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, greater than or equal to 255 Kgf and less than or equal to 265 Kgf, or greater than or equal to 245 Kgf and less than or equal to 255 Kgf including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00258] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 360 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 370 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 380 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 390 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 410 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 410 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 390 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 380 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 370 Kgf, greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 360 Kgf, or greater than or equal to 340 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf measured by a ROR biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 365 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 380 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 395 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 365 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 380 Kgf and less than or equal to 395 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 380 Kgf, greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 380 Kgf, greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 380 Kgf, greater than or equal to 365 Kgf and less than or equal to 380 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 365 Kgf, greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 365 Kgf, greater than or equal to 350 Kgf and less than or equal to 365 Kgf, greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, greater than or equal to 335 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf, or greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 335 Kgfincluding all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00259] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf measured by a ring on ring (ROR) biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 410 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 420 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 430 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 440 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 460 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 470 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 480 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 490 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 490 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 480 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 470 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 460 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 450 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 440 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 430 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 420 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 410 Kgf including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives applied surface stress that is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf measured by a ROR biaxial flexure test, such as greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 475 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 500 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 525 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 550 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 575 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 475 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 500 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 525 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 550 Kgf and less than or equal to 575 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 550 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 550 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 550 Kgf, greater than or equal to 475 Kgf and less than or equal to 550 Kgf, greater than or equal to 500 Kgf and less than or equal to 550 Kgf, greater than or equal to 525 Kgf and less than or equal to 550 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 525 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 525 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 525 Kgf, greater than or equal to 475 Kgf and less than or equal to 525 Kgf, greater than or equal to 500 Kgf and less than or equal to 525 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 475 Kgf and less than or equal to 500 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 475 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 475 Kgf, greater than or equal to 450 Kgf and less than or equal to 475 Kgf, greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 450 Kgf, greater than or equal to 425 Kgf and less than or equal to 450 Kgf, or greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 425 Kgf including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00260] Glass-based articles according to embodiments have a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on a 0.5 mm thick glass-based article that is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 230 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 240 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 230 MPa and less than or equal to 240 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 230 MPa, greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 230 MPa, greater than or equal to 220 MPa and less than or equal to 230 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 220 MPa, greater than or equal to 210 MPa and less than or equal to 220 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 210 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00261] Glass-based articles according to embodiments have a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on a 0.6 mm thick glass-based article that is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 280 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 290 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 280 MPa and less than or equal to 290 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 280 MPa, greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 280 MPa, greater than or equal to 270 MPa and less than or equal to 280 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 270 MPa, greater than or equal to 260 MPa and less than or equal to 270 MPa, greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 260 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00262] Glass-based articles according to embodiments have a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on a 0.7 mm thick glass-based article that is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, such as greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to 350 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to 375 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 350 MPa and less than or equal to 375 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, greater than or equal to 325 MPa and less than or equal to 350 MPa, or greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 325 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00263] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.5 mm and survives an applied edge stress that is greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, which is described in more detail below, such as greater than or equal to 550 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 575 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 625 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa and less than or equal to 820 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 600 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 575 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 550 MPa, greater than or equal to 515 MPa and less than or equal to 525 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00264] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.6 mm and survives an applied edge stress that is greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 550 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 550 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 575 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 625 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 675 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 625 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 600 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 575 MPa, greater than or equal to 525 MPa and less than or equal to 550 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00265] According to embodiments, the glass-based article has a thickness of 0.7 mm and survives an applied edge stress that is greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa measured by a four point bend (4PB) test using 180 grit sandpaper, such as greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 675 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 725 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 775 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 825 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 850 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 875 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 900 MPa and less than or equal to 910 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 900 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 875 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 850 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 825 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 800 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 775 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 750 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 725 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 675 MPa, or greater than or equal to 630 MPa and less than or equal to 650 MPa including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
.... . .. t , , , , • , , DOL_Zero * CSA10
[00266] In embodiments, the glass-based articles may have a FOM = - - whereCSi410 = calculated as shown below in Example 15 that is greater than or equal to 2.25 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, such as greater than or equal to 2.30 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.35 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.40 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.45 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.50 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.55
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.60
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.64 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.30
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.35
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.40
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.45
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.50
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.55
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.60 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.55 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.30
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.55 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.35
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.55 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.40
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.55 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.45
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.55 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.50
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.55 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.30
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.35
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.40
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.45
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.50 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.45 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.30
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.45 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.35
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.45 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.40
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.45 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.40 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.30 MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.40 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.35
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.40 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.35 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.30
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.35 MPa*mmAl/2, greater than or equal to 2.25
MPa*mmAl/2 and less than or equal to 2.30 MPa*mmAl/2 including all ranges and sub-ranges between the foregoing values.
[00267] The glass-based articles disclosed herein may be incorporated into another article such as an article with a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, and the like), architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., automobiles, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), appliance articles, or any article that may benefit from some transparency, scratch-resistance, abrasion resistance or a combination thereof. An exemplary article incorporating any of the glass-based articles disclosed herein is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Specifically, FIGS. 5A and 5B show a consumer electronic device 200 including a housing 202 having front 204, back 206, and side surfaces 208; electrical components (not shown) that are at least partially inside or entirely within the housing and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display 210 at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover 212 at or over the front surface of the housing such that it is over the display. In embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the cover 212 and the housing 202 may include any of the glass-based articles described herein.
EXAMPLES
[00268] Embodiments will be further clarified by the following examples.
[00269] Glass substrates were formed from the following glass composition:
[00270] Table 1
[00271] This glass composition was formed into glass substrates (sheets) having various thicknesses, and the glass substrates were chemically strengthened according to ion exchange conditions disclosed below to form glass-based articles. The stress profiles and various properties of the glass-based articles were then measured.
EXAMPLE 1
[00272] A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and prepared by annealing at 629 °C for 20 minutes. The annealed glass-based substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glass-based article. The first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 440 °C for 197 minutes. The second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 0.5 wt% NaNCh, 94.5 wt% KNO3, and 5.0 wt% K2CO3 at a temperature of 390 °C for 15 minutes.
[00273] The stress profile of the glass-based article was measured using the methods as described herein. FIG. 6A shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 6A, the surface compressive stress (CS) was between 1050 MPa and 1100 MPa. There was a knee stress (CSk) of about 190 MPa and a central tension (CT) of 116.7 MPa. The depth of layer of the spike region (DOLsp) was about 4.5 microns, and the depht of compression (DOC) was about 107 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.211 of the thickness). [00274] FIG. 6B is a magnified view of the stress profile shown in FIG. 6A to more accurately capture the characteristics of the spike region. FIG. 6B clearly shows that the spike region consists of two regions having different slopes: a first region with higher slope of about 330 MPa/pm that extends from the surface to a depth of up to 2 pm; and a second region with a lower slope of about 100 MPa/pm that extends from a depth of 2 pm up to a depth of 4.7 pm. The first region of the profile is determined following FSM/IWKB analysis at either 365 nm or 442 nm wavelength to insure the presence of two fringes to measure the stress profile of the shallow spike region.
[00275] In the IWKB method (Inverse WKB), the FSM minima, also called fringes (dark lines on a computer screen showing the image captured by the camera) in the intensity of light reflected from the prism-sample interface correspond with bound modes that capture some of the light propagating in the prism at phase-matching angles with respect to the planar waveguide bound modes. By careful analysis of the spacing of these minima, the full index of refraction profile is reconstructed using a computer algorithm that takes advantage of the “inverse WKB” method. This is done twice, once for each of two orthogonal polarizations, and the difference of these two index of refraction profiles is proportional to the full stress curve from surface to interior of the sample. The FSM already uses the positions of the first two intensity minima for the two polarizations to give a compressive stress value at the surface and combines that information with the total number of minima to assess a depth of the stressed layer, DOLsp. In the IWKB method, we use the full information about the positions of all the minima at each of the two polarizations in combination with a more sophisticated analysis invoking the inverse WKB method to reconstruct the entire refractive index curves and from the difference, the entire stress profile is reconstructed.
EXAMPLE 2
[00276] A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and prepared by a fusion process. The glass substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glass-based article. The first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 250 minutes. The second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 0.3 wt% NaNOs and 99.7 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes.
[00277] The stress profile of the glass-based article was measured using the methods as described herein. FIG. 7 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 7, the glass-based article had a surface compressive stress (CS) between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 129 MPa, and central tension (CT) of about 94 MPa. The dpth of layer of the spike region (DOLsp) was about 4.2 microns, and the depth of compression (DOC) was about 107 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.213 of the thickness).
EXAMPLE 3
[00278] A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.6 mm and prepared by a fusion process. The glass-based substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glassbased article. The first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 425 °C for 125 minutes. The second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 0.2 wt% NaNCh and 99.8 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 390 °C for 15 minutes.
[00279] The stress profile of the glass-based article was measured using the methods as described herein. FIG. 8 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 8, the glass-based article had a surface having surface compressive stress (CS) between 1100 MPa and 1200 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 165 MPa, and a central tension (CT) of about 103 MPa. The depth of layer of the spike region (DOLsp) was about 4.1 microns and the depth of comprssion (DOC) was about 126 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.209 of the thickness). EXAMPLE 4
[00280] A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and prepared by a 3D formation process. The glass-based substrate was then treated with a two-step ion exchange treatment to form a glass-based article. The first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCE and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 255 minutes. The second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 1 wt% NaNCh and 99 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 390 °C for 10 minutes.
[00281] The stress profile of the glass-based article was measured using the methods as described herein. FIG. 9 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 9, the glass-based article had a a surface having surface compressive stress (CS) between 700 MPa and 800 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 177 MPa, and a central tension (CT) of about 106 MPa. The depth of layer of the spike region (DOLsp) was about 4.9 microns and the depth of comprssion (DOC) was about 104 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.208 of the thickness).
EXAMPLE 5
[00282] A glass substrate having a thickness of 0.6 mm and prepared by a fusion process. The glass-based substrate was then treated with a three-step ion exchange treatment to form a glassbased article. The first step of the ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 45 wt% LiNOs, 10 wt% NaNOs, and 45 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 450 °C for 6 hours. The second ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 425 °C for 2.25 hours. The third ion exchange treatment used a medium comprising 2 wt% NaNCh and 98 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 415 °C for 11 minutes.
[00283] The stress profile of the glass-based article was measured using the methods as described herein. FIG. 10 shows the stress profile of the glass-based article with the stress in MPa along the y-axis and the depth in pm along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 10, the glassbased article had a a surface having surface compressive stress (CS) between 1000 MPa and 1100 MPa, a knee stress (CSk) of about 219 MPa, and a central tension (CT) of about 118 MPa. The depth of layer of the spike region (DOLsp) was about 5.5 microns and the depth of comprssion (DOC) was about 123 microns (representing a fraction of about 0.205 of the thickness).
EXAMPLE 6
[00284] As mentioned above, it is believed that the stress profile achieved in glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein are correlated to the potassium concentration at the surface of the glass-based articles. FIG. 11A depicts the alkali metal concentrations in mole percent along the y-axis and the depth in microns along the x- axis. The alkali metal concentrations shown in FIG. 11A were measured by Horiba GdOES after a first ion exchange step using an ion exchange medium comprising 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at 440 °C for 94 minutes. FIG. 11A shows a potassium concentration profile that exhibits a single monotonic region near the surface where the potassium concentration declines slowly with a slope of about 0.75 mol% BGO/pm up to about 5 pm, and is followed by a deeper region where the potassium concentration is close to 0.2 mol%.
[00285] FIG. 1 IB depicts the alkali metal concentrations in mole percent along the y-axis and the depth in microns along the x-axis after the second step of the ion exchange process (z.e., after the first step and second step of the ion exchange treatment were both complete) measured by GdOES. The first step of the ion exchange treatment is as described above, and the second step of the ion exchange treatment used an ion exchange medium comprising 2 wt% NaNOs and 98 wt% KNO3 at 400 °C for 15 minutes. The potassium concentration profile exhibits a first region near the surface with high potassium concentration, above 7 mol% at the surface, exhibiting a first region where the potassium concentration declines rapidly with a slope of about 2.75 mol% BGO/pm up to a depth of about 2 pm, followed by a second spike region with a slower potassium oxide slope of about 0.7 mol% K20/pm. These two regions correspond to the observed stress profile spike region shown in FIG. 6A to FIG. 10, and are followed by a deeper region where the Potassium concentration is close to 0.2 mol%. [00286] FIG. 11C shows the potassium concentration in wt% on the y-axis at depth in microns on the x-axis of a glass-based article that has been exposed to a first ion exchange step in an ion exchange medium comprising 36 wt% NaNCE and 64 wt% KNO3 at 380 °C for 80 minutes and a second ion exchange step in an ion exchange medium comprising 5 wt% NaNCh and 95 wt% KNO3 at 370 °C for 20 minutes. The potassium concentration was measured by a microprobe, as is typically done to determine the concentration profiles due to interdiffusion in glass where spatial resolution is required. In the Electron Microprobe or EPMA (Electron probe micro-analyzer) technique, Induced X-rays and Backscattered electrons (BSE) produced by a focused electron beam on a glass substrate in a vacuum chamber enable to map the spatial distribution of major and minor glass elements at the micrometer scale. The samples are prepared by embedding in a polymer matrix followed by polishing to expose a flat surface corresponding to the cross-section or depth of the material of interest. FIG. 11C shows a potassium concentration of about 8 wt% at the surface of the glass-based article (z.e., a depth of zero microns) that decreases rapidly to a potassium concentration near 0 wt% at a depth between about 7 microns and 8 microns. It can also be seen in FIG. 11C that the slope of the potassium curve appears to decrease at depth between 4 microns and 5 microns.
[00287] Although the alkali metal concentrations were not measured for every example disclosed above, the general shape of the alkali metal concentration curve will be similar to that shown in FIG. 11 A, FIG. 1 IB, and FIG. 11C for each of glass-based articles disclosed in the above examples.
[00288] In view of the above, FIG. 11 A and FIG. 1 IB show the correlation between potassium concentration at the surface of the glass-based articles and the stress profile of the glass-based articles.
EXAMPLE 7
[00289] The stored compression energy and the stored tension energy were measured on the glass-based articles of the foregoing examples using the following equations: The stored energy in compression:
The stored energy in tension:
Where v is the Poisson ratio of the glass, E is the Young’s modulus (in GPa), o is the stress (in MPa), t is the glass thickness in gm, and DOC is the depth of compression in gm. The units for Wgi ns and W^°mp are J/m2.
[00290] FIG. 12 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored compression energy in J/m2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 12, the total stored compression energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 30 J/m2 to 60 J/m2, such as from 35 J/m2 to 55 J/m2, or 40 J/m2 to 50 J/m2. FIG. 13 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored tension energy in J/m2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 13, the total stored tension energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 12.5 J/m2 to 25.0 J/m2, such as from 15 J/m2 to 22.5 J/m2, or 17.5 J/m2 to 20.0 J/m2. FIG. 14 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored energy (stored compression energy + stored tension energy) in J/m2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 14, the total stored energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 40 J/m2 to 80 J/m2, such as from 50 J/m2 to 75 J/m2, or 55 J/m2 to 70 J/m2.
[00291] As a comparative, ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy of examples of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein was compared to the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy of previously disclosed glass-based articles. The stored compression energy and the stored tension energy were measured as disclosed above for all samples. [00292] FIG. 15 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein. As shown in FIG. 15, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily between 2 and 3. FIG. 16 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 16, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 3. FIG. 17 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 17, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 2. These plots show that more tension energy can be packed in the deeper portion of the profile, and thus reduce the ratio of compression to tension energy.
EXAMPLE 8
[00293] As another comparative, the area of tension in the stress profile for the above examples was normalized by dividing by the thickness of the glass-based article and plotted versus the central tension. The area of tension in the stress profile can be measured by finding the area of the stress profile that has a negative stress (z.e., is below zero on the x-axis). This calculation was also conducted on previously known glasses. This measurement shows how well tension stress can be packed into the glass-based article by achieving high central tension (CT) and a larger tension area. FIG. 18 is a plot graph with tension area of the stress profile divided by thickness (tension area/thickness) in MPa on the y-axis and central tension (CT) in MPa on the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 18 the examples disclosed and described have a CT near 100 MPa, which is significantly higher than the CT of previously known glass-based articles and have a tension area/thickness between 30 MPa and 50 MPa, which shows that increased tension stress can be packed into the glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein. EXAMPLE 9
[00294] The retained strength after dynamic impact test, drop test, surface strength, and edge strength of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein were measured. Glasses having a thickness of 0.5 mm, glasses having a thickness of 0.6 mm, and glasses having a thickness of 0.7 mm formed from the composition disclosed above were made. The 0.5 mm thick glasses were ion exchanged with a two-step ion process where the first step used an ion exchange medium of 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 440 °C for 94 minutes and a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 2 wt% NaNCh and 98 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes. The 0.6 mm thick glasses were ion exchanged with a two-step ion process where the first step used an ion exchange medium of 50 wt% NaNCh and 50 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 440 °C for 94 minutes and a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 2 wt% NaNCh and 98 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes. The 0.7 mm thick glasses were ion exchanged with a two-step ion process where the first step used an ion exchange medium of 70 wt% NaNCh and 30 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 25 °C for 210 minutes and a second ion exchange step used an ion exchange medium of 20.4 wt% NaNCh, 0.1 wt% LiNCh, and 79.5 wt% KNO3 at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 minutes. Each of these tests and the results will be described below.
[00295] Retained Strength After Dynamic Impact
[00296] Damage was introduced to a glass-based article by the dynamic impact test as described in U.S. Patent No. 11,131,611, which is incorprated herein by reference in its entirety. The retained strength after dynamic impact test of the samples was measured by testing the post damage glass-based article with 4-point bend testing for 2D/ 2.5D specimen. The damaged area is placed in Tension while testing, so that the strength retained by the sample after damage is measured.
[00297] The damage is created by taping the sample using 471 tape manufacture by 3M or similar tape avoiding air bubbles. The tape is then trimmed to the sample. A punch is used to punch out a 5 mm diameter disc from 180 grit sandpaper. The sandpaper disc is placed on the bare surface (z.e., the untaped surface) of the sample and put under a press. The press issues a load between 150 pounds and 200 pounds onto the sandpaper disc, thus damaging the surface of the glass sample.
[00298] After damage the sample is placed in the Four point fixture so the damage area is tension (z.e., the damaged area facing down on the support rods). The Load rods are pushed down until the sample breaks. Because of the presence of damage, which is typically the weakest strength point, the sample breaks from the damage. The four point is a standard test setup, which is part of a standard test equipment like Instron. The test procedure is established in the industry and follows ASTM standard (ASTM C-158). The results can be reported in failure load (such as kgf, Ibf, N) or failure stress (such as MPa). The load rate of the four point bend test is 5 mm/min with a contact radius of 3.2 mm. The load support span is 15 mm/30 mm (0.6 mmt) and 12 mm/24 mm (0.5 mmt). The fracture stress can be calculated with the following equation
Where w is the speciman width, t is the speciman thickness, L is the support span, a is 0.5 • load span, and v is Poisson’s ratio.
[00299] The results of the retained strength after dynamic impact test for 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.7 mm thick glass samples are shown in FIG. 19 as fracture stress (MPa) where all of the failure stresses are above 250 MPa.
[00300] Drop Test
[00301] Drop testing is done with drop tower manufactured by “Yoshida Seki”. The test puck shown in FIG. 20 and when assembled with the cover glass is held in the jaws and dropped on the designed surface (ex: 80 grit Garnet sandpaper manufactured by 3M) ) so that the cover glass and the designed surface are substantially parallel with one another before impact. The drop is done in a sequential manner till the sample fractures (e.g., start height: 22cm, increas to 30 cm, increase to 40 cm etc to failure). The Puck can be dropped in the range 22cm to 220cm sequentially at desired delta step height. The puck weight is 200g. The dimension of the puck is about 133mm x 68mm x 10.5mm and the cover glass dimensions are about 130.2mm x 65.2mm. The results of the drop test for 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.7 mm thick cover glass samples are shown in FIG. 21 were all of the drop heights are nearly 150 cm and above.
[00302] Surface Strength
[00303] Surface strength is measured by a ring on ring (ROR) test with standardized equipment such as Instron following ASTM C1499. The load ring is 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) in diameter and the support ring is 1.0 inches (25.4 mm) in diameter. The load rate is 1.2 mm/min. The results of the surface strength for 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.7 mm thick glass samples are shown in FIG. 22 were all of the drop heights are nearly 150 cm and above.
[00304] Edge Strength
[00305] The four point is a standard test setup which is part of a standard test equipment like Instron. The test procedure is established in the industry and follows ASTM standard (ASTM C-158). The results can be reported in failure load (such as kgf, Ibf, N) or failure stress (such as MPa). The load rate was 5 mm/min, the contact radius was 3.2 mm, and the load/support span was 15 mm/ 30 mm (0.6 mmt) and 12 mm/24 mm (0.5 mmt). The fracture stress can be calculated with the following equation
[00306] Where w is the speciman width, t is the speciman thickness, L is the support span, a is 0.5 • load span, and v is Poisson’s ratio.
[00307] The results of the edge strength for 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.7 mm thick glass samples are shown in FIG. 23 were all of the fracture strengths were above 600. EXAMPLE 10
[00308] The composition disclosed in Example 1 above was used to form samples of glassbased articles having a thickness of 0.50 mm, glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.55 mm, and glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.60 mm. Each of the glass-based articles were ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange. The ion exchange was performed in two steps: step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNO3/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes.
[00309] Similarly, two comparative samples were prepared from Gorilla Glass® 5 and Victus® both manufactured by Corning Inc. The comparative samples were then formed into glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.50 mm, glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.55 mm, and glass-based articles having a thickness of 0.60 mm. Each of these comparative samples were then ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange. The ion exchange was performed in two steps: step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNO3/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes.
[00310] Once the samples and two comparative samples of the glass-based articles were formed as outlined above, the slope of the spike region at each thickness was measured using the following equation:
Slope of the spike region = -(CSP - CSk)/DOL.
Similarly, the slope of the low-slope region at each thickness was measured using the following equation:
Slope of the low-slope region = -CSk/(DOC-DOL).
[00311] FIG. 24 to FIG. 26 show the slope of the spike region for the sample, the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 1 (C.S. 1), and the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 2 (C.S. 2) were measured using RNF balanced to SCALP CT and then regressing the linear fits from the spike portion and low-slope portion of each profile. FIG. 24 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples. FIG. 25 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.55 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples. FIG. 26 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.60 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
[00312] Similarly, FIG. 27 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples. FIG. 28 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.55 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples. FIG. 28 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of either of the comparative samples.
[00313] FIG. 41 show the slope of the spike region for the sample, the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 1 (C.S. 1), and the slope of the spike region for comparative sample 2 (C.S. 2) as measured by the combination of SLP and FSM metrologies described by Orihara. FIG. 41 is a plot graph of the slope of the spike region for the sample and comparative samples having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.60mm, and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the spike slope of either of the comparative samples.
[00314] Similarly, FIG. 42 is a plot graph of the slope of the low-slope region for the sample and comparative samples having a thickness of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.60 mm, and shows that the slope of the sample is greater than the slope of at least one of the comparative samples. [00315] As shown in FIGS. 24-29, the sample of embodiments disclosed and described herein has a greater slope in the spike region and a greater slope in the low-slope region than the comparative samples for each thickness. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the increased slope of the spike region and the increased slope of the low-slope region provides a glass-based article with better performance characteristics than glass-based articles with lesser slopes, such as the comparative samples. It is believed that this is because the grater slope indicates greater packing of stress into the glass-base article per depth of layer and depth of compression.
EXAMPLE 11
[00316] In this example, the CSk to CSP ratio (CSk/CSp) and the depth of layer to depth of compression ratio (DOL/DOC) was measured for samples having the composition of Example 1 and for comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10. Glass-based articles having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.70 mm were prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples. Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange. The ion exchange was performed in two steps: step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNCh/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes. FIG. 30 is a plot graph of the CSk/CSp versus DOL/DOC for comparative sample 1 at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 30 shows relatively low CSk/CSp per DOL/DOC. FIG. 31 is a plot graph of the CSk/CSp versus DOL/DOC for comparative sample 2 at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 31 shows an even lower CSk/CSp per DOL/DOC than comparative sample 1. FIG. 32 is a plot graph of the CSk/CSp versus DOL/DOC for the sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 32 shows an greater CSk/CSp per DOL/DOC than both comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that having greater CSk/CSp per DOL/DOC in a glass-based article improves the mechanical performance of the glass-based article (such as by increasing the fracture toughness or the like, by concentrating the compressive stresses into a shallower depth.
EXAMPLE 12
[00317] This example shows the improved mechanical performance of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein compared to other glass-based articles. Samples having the composition of Example 1 and comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10 were prepared. Glass-based articles having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.70 mm were then prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples. Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by a 2-step ion exchange. The ion exchange was performed in two steps: step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNO3/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes.
[00318] After the samples and comparative samples of the glass-based articles were prepared, the fracture stress and ratio of tension energy to compression energy for glass-based articles of each thickness were measured. FIG. 33 shows that the glass-based sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein has a significantly higher energy ratio at all four thicknesses than the glass-based comparative samples indicating a progression of the energy ratio correlates with higher fracture resistance performance. Moreover, the glass-based sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein have greater fracture stress than the glass-based comparative samples (particularly at greater thicknesses), which shows the increased mechanical properties of glass-based articles having the spike region, and low-slope region slopes disclosed and described herein, as well as the CSk/CSp and DOL/DOC disclosed and described herein. EXAMPLE 13
[00319] The stored compression energy and the stored tension energy were measured on the glass-based articles of the foregoing examples using the combination of FSM and SLP metrologies described by Orihara and the following equations:
The stored energy in compression:
The stored energy in tension:
Where v is the Poisson ratio of the glass, E is the Young’s modulus (in GPa), o is the stress (in MPa), t is the glass thickness in pm, and DOC is the depth of compression in pm. The units for Wgi ns and W^°mp are J/m2.
[00320] FIG. 34 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored compression energy in J/m2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 34, the total stored compression energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 25 J/m2 to 60 J/m2, such as from 35 J/m2 to 55 J/m2, or 40 J/m2 to 50 J/m2. FIG. 35 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored tension energy in J/m2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 35, the total stored tension energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 10.0 J/m2 to 22.5 J/m2, such as from 15 J/m2 to 21.5 J/m2, or 17.5 J/m2 to 20.0 J/m2. FIG. 36 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the total stored energy (stored compression energy + stored tension energy) in J/m2 along the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 36, the total stored energy of the glass-based articles according to the examples significantly falls within the range from 40 J/m2 to 80 J/m2, such as from 50 J/m2 to 75 J/m2, or 55 J/m2 to 70 J/m2. [00321] As a comparative, ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy of examples of glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein was compared to the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy of previously disclosed glass-based articles. The stored compression energy and the stored tension energy were measured using an FSM instrument and SLP-2000 instrument, as disclosed above, for all samples.
[00322] FIG. 37 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein. As shown in FIG. 37, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily between 1.9 and 2.7. FIG. 38 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 38, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 3.2. FIG. 39 is a bar graph showing the probability density along the y-axis and the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy along the x-axis for glass-based articles previously disclosed. As shown in FIG. 39, the ratio of stored compression energy to stored tension energy is primarily above 4.6. These plots show that more tension energy can be packed in the deeper portion of the profile, and thus reduce the ratio of compression to tension energy.
EXAMPLE 14
[00323] In this example, the CS TP to CSp ratio (CS_TP/CSp also referred to herein as CSk/CS or CSk/CSp) and the depth of layer to depth of compression ratio (DOL TP/DOL Zero also referred to herein as DOL/DOC) was measured by the combination of FSM and SLP metrologies described by Orihara for samples having the composition of Example 1 and for comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10. Glass-based articles having thicknesses of 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.70 mm were prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples. Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by by a 2-step ion exchange. The ion exchange was performed in two steps: step one was performed in a 50% NaNO3/50% KNO3 bath by weight at 440 °C for 197 minutes and the glass was then subjected to a second step in 0.5% NaNO3/94.5% KNO3/5% K2CO3 bath by weight at 390 °C for 15 minutes. FIG. 43 is a plot graph of the CS_TP/CSp versus DOL TP/DOL Zero for comparative sample 1 at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 43 shows relatively low DOL TP/DOL Zero per DOL TP/DOL Zero. FIG. 44 is a plot graph of the CS_TP/CSp versus DOL TP/DOL Zero for comparative sample 2 at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 44 shows an even lower CS_TP/CSp per DOL TP/DOL Zero than comparative sample 1. FIG. 45 is a plot graph of the CS_TP/CSp versus DOL TP/DOL Zero for the sample according to embodiments disclosed and described herein at the various thicknesses. The plot graph in FIG. 45 shows a greater CS_TP/CSp per DOL TP/DOL Zero than both comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that having greater CS_TP/CSp per DOL TP/DOL Zero in a glass-based article improves the mechanical performance of the glass-based article (such as by increasing the fracture toughness or the like, by concentrating the compressive stresses into a shallower depth.
EXAMPLE 15
[00324] In this example, FIG. 46 was calculated from the FSM-SLP stress profile for samples having the composition of Example 1 and for comparative samples having the composition of comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 from Example 10. The FIG. 46 is calculated according to the equation: FOM C5(z)dz. Glass based articles having thicknesses selected from 0.40 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm and 0.80 mm were prepared for the sample and for each of the comparative samples. Each of these glass-based articles were ion exchanged by the protocols described herein. Table 1 shows the DOL Zero, thickness, CSA10, and calculated Figure of Merit for glass-based articles according to embodiments disclosed and described herein, comparative sample 1, and comparative sample 2. Samples according to the embodiment can achieve Figure of Merit greater than or equal to 2.25 MPa mml/2. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that having greater Figure of Merit in a glass-based article improves the mechanical performance of the glass-based article (such as by increasing the fracture toughness or the like, by concentrating the compressive stresses into a shallower depth).
[00325] Table 2
[00326] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Thus it is intended that the specification cover the modifications and variations of the various embodiments described herein provided such modification and variations come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.07 and less than or equal to 0.30, measured by SLP and FSM, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than or equal to 0.44, measured by SLP and FSM a CSP that is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiO?; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
2. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
3. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
4. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
5. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
6. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
7. The glass-based article of claim 1, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
8. A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein a compressive stress within at least the first compression stress region increases at a first slope from the first surface to a knee and the compressive stress increases at a second slope from the knee to the tension stress region, a ratio of a compressive stress at the knee (CSk) to a peak compressive stress (CSP) is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.12, measured by SLP and FSM, a ratio of depth of layer (DOL) to depth of compression (DOC) is greater than or equal to 0.04 and less than or equal to 0.07, measured by SLP and FSM the thickness is less than or equal to 0.45 mm, and the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
9. The glass-based article of claim 8, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
10. The glass-based article of claim 8, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
11. The glass-based article of claim 8, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
12. The glass-based article of claim 8, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
13. The glass-based article of claim 8, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
14. The glass-based article of claim 8, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
15. A glass-based article comprising: a first surface; a second surface; a thickness (t) extending between the first surface and the second surface; and a first compression stress region at the first surface, a second compression stress region at the second surface, and a tension stress region between the first compression tress region and the second compression stress region, wherein
, , , , . . . DOL_Zero * CSA10 . the glass-based article has a UM = - that is greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 2.65, wherein the glass-based article comprises: greater than or equal to 60 mol% SiCh; greater than or equal to 10 mol% AI2O3; and greater than or equal to 6 mol% Li2O.
16. The glass-based article of claim 15, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 280 Kgf and less than or equal to 350 Kgf.
17. The glass-based article of claim 15, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 320 Kgf and less than or equal to 400 Kgf.
18. The glass-based article of claim 15, wherein a fracture stress measured by a Ring on Ring surface strength test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 400 Kgf and less than or equal to 600 Kgf.
19. The glass-based article of claim 15, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.5 mm is greater than or equal to 200 MPa and less than or equal to 250 MPa.
20. The glass-based article of claim 15, wherein the fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.6 mm is greater than or equal to 250 MPa and less than or equal to 300 MPa.
21. The glass-based article of claim 15, wherein a fracture stress measured by a retained strength after dynamic impact test on the glass-based article having a thickness of 0.7 mm is greater than or equal to 300 MPa and less than or equal to 400 MPa.
EP24710272.6A 2023-01-31 2024-01-31 Chemically strengthened high toughness glass Pending EP4658627A1 (en)

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US9140543B1 (en) 2011-05-25 2015-09-22 Corning Incorporated Systems and methods for measuring the stress profile of ion-exchanged glass
US8854623B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2014-10-07 Corning Incorporated Systems and methods for measuring a profile characteristic of a glass sample
US10899654B2 (en) * 2017-07-13 2021-01-26 Corning Incorporated Glass-based articles with improved stress profiles
US11131611B2 (en) 2017-09-07 2021-09-28 Corning Incorporated Impact testing apparatus and methods
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