EP4658332A1 - Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung zum gasaustausch - Google Patents
Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung zum gasaustauschInfo
- Publication number
- EP4658332A1 EP4658332A1 EP24701589.4A EP24701589A EP4658332A1 EP 4658332 A1 EP4658332 A1 EP 4658332A1 EP 24701589 A EP24701589 A EP 24701589A EP 4658332 A1 EP4658332 A1 EP 4658332A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- purge gas
- blood
- treatment
- gas
- treatment device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0225—Carbon oxides, e.g. Carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
- A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
- A61M2230/202—Blood composition characteristics partial carbon oxide pressure, e.g. partial dioxide pressure (P-CO2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
- A61M2230/205—Blood composition characteristics partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/50—Temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood treatment device for gas exchange via a gas exchange unit according to claim 1 and to a method for controlling the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter according to claim 12.
- the main task of the lungs is to supply the body with oxygen (02) and to remove carbon dioxide (C02) from the body, which is produced by metabolism.
- oxygen-containing air flows into the Lungs.
- the oxygen diffuses through the lungs into the blood and circulates in the body to supply the organs.
- the CO2 produced by metabolism is transported by the blood to the lungs, where it is eliminated from the body through exhalation.
- a continuous exchange of 02 and C02 takes place between the ambient air, the lungs and the blood.
- Extracorporeal lung support has become increasingly important in recent years, not least due to the Covid19 pandemic, but also due to the ever-increasing importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- COvid19 pandemic but also due to the ever-increasing importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- COvid19 pandemic but also due to the ever-increasing importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- ECLS extracorporeal lung support
- a gas exchange device such as a membrane oxygenator. or a dialyzer.
- the gas exchange device takes over the gas exchange function of the lungs.
- the basic structure and function of a membrane oxygenator and a dialyzer are known from the state of the art.
- Ambient air, pure oxygen or a mixture of air with oxygen, nitrogen and/or noble gases is used as the purge gas.
- the proportion of the individual gas components of the purge gas mixture can vary.
- the level of the blood flow rate during ECLS treatment determines whether, for therapeutic purposes, predominantly oxygen is supplied (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO) and carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed, or whether predominantly only carbon dioxide is removed (extracorporeal CO2 removal, ECCO2R).
- High blood flow rates of more than 1.5 l/min are usually required for ECMO.
- a low blood flow is sufficient for the removal of excess CO2 (ECCO2R); this can be less than 1.5 l Zmin or even less than 500 ml Zmin, so that treatment can be carried out with a smaller catheter for vascular access than with ECMO, for example as used for dialysis (e.g. Shaldon catheter, 11-13.5 Fr).
- the amount of anticoagulant used, such as heparin or citrate, is also lower with this treatment.
- the hypercapnic patient can be treated with ECCO2R treatment in a “minimally invasive” but still effective manner.
- ECCO2R treatment devices are usually not equipped with a heat exchanger or an alternative solution for temperature control. Although the blood flow rate during ECCO2R treatment is lower than during ECMO treatment, a significant amount of heat loss occurs even at low blood flows.
- the ratio of purge gas flow to blood flow is significantly higher in ECCO2R treatment at around 15:1 or 5:1 than in ECMO treatment, which is why heat loss is even greater in proportion. It is therefore necessary to actively influence or compensate for the heat loss of the blood during ECCO2R treatment.
- the European patent EP 2 736 557 B1 which deals with the electronically controlled mixing of various purge gas components, discloses not only a heating element for heating the purge gas but also a unit for humidifying the purge gas in order to prevent the patient from cooling down.
- the IIS patent US 3,927,981 describes a blood oxygenator for enriching 02 and removing CO2. To reduce gas and energy consumption, the purge gas is heated and humidified.
- the heat loss resulting from ECLS treatment can be reduced by reducing the purge gas flow or by heating or humidifying the purge gas.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming this disadvantage by proposing an improved blood treatment device which makes it possible to optimize the blood treatment in such a way that the patient suffers as little temperature drop as possible, but receives the most effective treatment possible, regardless of whether O2 is added and/or C02 removed.
- the object according to the invention can be achieved by a blood treatment device having the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 12.
- the subclaims also each contain advantageous embodiments of the invention.
- the blood treatment device further comprises a control unit which is connected to the pumping device for blood, the sensors for measuring at least two treatment parameters and the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter.
- the control unit is configured such that it controls the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter depending on the at least two treatment parameters.
- the control unit can serve as a pure control device or as a regulating device and can initiate the execution of all or essentially all method steps.
- gas exchange includes the removal of C02 from the extracorporeal bloodstream or the addition of 02 to the extracorporeal bloodstream, or both.
- the gas exchange unit consists of a housing that contains hollow fiber bundles.
- the hollow fiber bundles form a semi-permeable membrane that separates the gas exchange unit into two areas. For example, the blood flows - usually in countercurrent - inside the hollow fibers, the flushing gas outside, or vice versa.
- the gas exchange unit can be a commercially available membrane oxygenator or dialyzer.
- the hollow fiber bundles of the gas exchange unit preferably consist of a hydrophilic, microporous hollow fiber, for example of polysulfone or polyethersulfone, containing a proportion of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
- the hollow fiber can also consist of polymethylpentene (PMP) if the geometry allows humidification without the membrane becoming closed by an accumulation of tiny water droplets.
- treatment parameters includes, for example, the patient temperature, the carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) or the blood flow rate.
- the patient temperature can be measured using a suitable sensor either in the blood line or directly on the patient, or it can be read in via a data interface to the clinical data system.
- the pCO2, which reflects the amount of CO2 dissolved in the arterial blood can be measured using a suitable sensor, preferably downstream of the gas exchange unit in the flushing gas, or in the blood, for example using a blood gas analysis.
- the blood flow rate can be measured using a sensor integrated in the blood pumping device or using a flow sensor located in the arterial or venous line in the extracorporeal blood circuit.
- the purge gas parameters include the temperature, humidity or flow rate of the purge gas. These parameters can also be measured using suitable sensors located in the purge gas line, preferably upstream of the gas exchanger.
- the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter can be a heating device for heating the purge gas or a humidification device for humidifying the purge gas or a pumping device that conveys the purge gas along the purge gas line.
- the pumping device can consist of one or more active elements for generating a flow, such as a pump. However, it can also be or be connected to a passive element by which the flow is fixed or adjustable, such as a throttle or a valve.
- the control unit is connected to a user input module (user interface) for entering and/or storing at least one treatment goal. The user can thus select an individual treatment goal and/or influence the treatment process by entering parameters, taking into account the contradictory goals of minimal heat loss and maximum CO2 removal.
- the user input module can also be connected to a decision support system, which suggests parameters to the user for input that are appropriate to the situation.
- a decision support system which suggests parameters to the user for input that are appropriate to the situation.
- parameters from a data storage system for example those from previous treatments, can be used.
- a script i.e. a source text that contains a list of commands and, based on the recorded values for the patient temperature and pCO2, automatically specifies a treatment mode with minimal heat loss and maximum CO2 removal.
- the blood treatment device is connected to the patient and the gas exchange unit via a tube set. It can also be connected to at least one other blood treatment unit, with which the blood can be influenced in a common extracorporeal blood circuit.
- the effect can be a mechanical, chemical, physical or other effect.
- the other blood treatment unit can be, for example, a dialyzer for renal replacement therapy, an adsorber cartridge for therapeutic apheresis or a diagnostic unit that can determine various parameters of the blood to determine pathological changes in the blood.
- an ECMO or ECCO2R treatment can be combined with a dialysis and/or adsorption treatment at the same time.
- the treatment units can be combined in any order, for example as a serial arrangement.
- the blood treatment device can comprise, in addition to the gas exchange unit, a mechanical ventilation unit that supports the O2 and CO2 exchange.
- Mechanical ventilation can be carried out either non-invasively via a mask or invasively via an endotracheal tube that is inserted through the nose or mouth, or via a tracheostomy tube that is inserted into the trachea via a stoma.
- the control unit is configured such that it also controls the mechanical ventilation unit depending on the at least two treatment parameters.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out essentially or completely by the control unit; in particular, those steps which do not require or involve human intervention and/or provision can be carried out by the control unit.
- the treatment parameters i.e. the patient temperature and/or the pC02 and/or the blood flow rate, are first recorded by the sensors and transmitted to the control unit.
- One or more treatment parameters can be entered via the user interface or can be preset.
- the control unit compares the recorded treatment parameters (actual values) with values entered by the user and/or with preset values (setpoints) and calculates control variables for configuring the device to change at least one purge gas parameter.
- control unit controls the heating, humidification and/or pumping device so that the purge gas is heated and/or humidified and/or the flow rate of the purge gas is increased or decreased. It is also conceivable to calculate and/or balance the total amount of CO2 removed based on the pCO2 measured. Assuming that the CO2 content at the purge gas inlet is equal to or almost equal to zero, the CO2 content in percent is multiplied by the purge gas flow rate.
- Fig. 1 shows a process diagram of the blood treatment device according to the invention in a simplified representation
- Fig. 2 shows a CO2 removal curve depending on the purge gas flow
- Fig. 3 shows the carbon dioxide partial pressure for different purge gas conditioning over time
- Fig. 4 shows the treatment device according to the invention in a schematic representation
- Fig. 5 shows the blood temperature under different purge gas conditioning conditions
- Fig. 1 shows a process diagram of the blood treatment device according to the invention in a simplified representation.
- the blood treatment device 100 is optionally connected to an extracorporeal blood circuit 200 in the form of a hose set, which leads in an arterial blood line 201 to a gas exchange unit 300 and away from it in a venous blood line 202.
- Both blood lines can be connected to the vascular system of a patient (not shown here).
- the small arrowheads indicate the direction of flow.
- the hose set can be designed as a disposable medical article that is discarded after treatment.
- the arterial and venous blood lines 201 and 202 optionally have an arterial clamp 203 and a venous clamp 204, by means of which the respective blood line can be closed.
- the blood treatment device 100 comprises a pumping device for blood 101, which conveys the blood along the arterial blood line 201 towards the gas exchange unit 300 and along the venous blood line 202 back to the patient.
- the pumping device for blood 101 can be, for example, a diaphragm pump and preferably an occluding pump, such as a roller pump.
- the blood can flow through a venous blood chamber 205, which optionally has a venting device 206.
- the pumping device for blood 101 can also be connected to a throttle or a valve for adjusting the flow.
- the gas exchange unit 300 has a purge gas inlet 301 and a purge gas outlet 302. It can be designed as a gas exchanger, membrane oxygenator, CO2 remover (e.g. multiECCO2R from EUROSETS S.r.l., Medolla (MO), Italy) or dialyzer.
- the gas exchange unit 300 is divided by hollow fiber bundles, which together form a semipermeable membrane, into an area through which blood flows and an area through which purge gas flows (not shown here).
- CO2 is removed from or O2 is supplied to the extracorporeal blood circuit 200, or both.
- the membrane can be coated with silicone or a silicone solution, with the blood side of the hollow fibers preferably being coated.
- an addition point 207 for a fluid Downstream of the pumping device for blood 101, but upstream of the gas exchange unit 300, an addition point 207 for a fluid, such as a substitution solution, medication or an anticoagulant that inhibits blood coagulation, can be provided.
- the anticoagulant is preferably a systemically acting anticoagulant such as heparin, but can also be a locally effective anticoagulant such as citrate.
- pressure sensors can be provided in the extracorporeal circuit 200, for example, as indicated in the simplified illustration, an arterial pressure sensor PS1 which measures the pressure in the arterial blood line 201 upstream of the Pumping device for blood 101, an arterial pressure sensor PS2 which measures the pressure in the arterial blood line 201 downstream of the pumping device for blood 101 and upstream of the gas exchange unit 300 and a venous pressure sensor PS3 which measures the pressure in the venous blood line 202 downstream of the gas exchange unit 300.
- an arterial pressure sensor PS1 which measures the pressure in the arterial blood line 201 upstream of the Pumping device for blood 101
- an arterial pressure sensor PS2 which measures the pressure in the arterial blood line 201 downstream of the pumping device for blood 101 and upstream of the gas exchange unit 300
- a venous pressure sensor PS3 which measures the pressure in the venous blood line 202 downstream of the gas exchange unit 300.
- a temperature sensor TS that measures the temperature of the blood as a treatment parameter.
- a temperature sensor can also be provided directly on the patient, whereby the temperature of the blood can be determined on the basis of the values measured there.
- At least one sensor for measuring the blood flow rate in the extracorporeal circuit can be provided in a blood line (201, 202) upstream and/or downstream of the gas exchanger 300 or integrated into the pumping device for blood (101) (not shown here).
- the blood treatment device 100 can also comprise one or more further blood treatment units, such as a dialyzer, an adsorber cartridge or a diagnostic unit (not shown here). In this way, several treatment techniques can be combined with one another.
- the gas exchange unit 300 is connected on the one hand to the purge gas circuit 400 via a purge gas inlet 301 and a purge gas outlet 302 and on the other hand to the extracorporeal blood circuit 200 via a blood inlet 303 and outlet 304.
- the gas flows from a purge gas source 401 into the gas exchange unit 300 via a first line section for the purge gas supply 402 and out of the gas exchange unit 300 via a second line section for the purge gas supply 403.
- the second line section for the purge gas supply 403 can have a sensor PS4 for measuring the carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and/or for measuring the oxygen partial pressure (pO2).
- a Sensor can also be provided in the venous blood line 202 downstream of the gas exchange unit 300 (not shown here).
- the measurement of the pCO2 or pO2 can also be carried out via a blood gas analysis in which a blood sample is taken from the extracorporeal circuit 200 at a sampling point provided for this purpose.
- the purge gas circuit 400 can consist of a hose set, which can be designed as a medical disposable article for hygienic reasons.
- the purge gas circuit 400 further comprises a device for changing at least one purge gas parameter 404.
- the purge gas source 401 can provide the purge gas in a container, such as a gas bottle, or can be connected to a gas line from which purge gas is continuously supplied.
- the purge gas source 401 may include or be connected to a particle filter to provide purge gas that is as free as possible from harmful particles, such as dust.
- the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter 404 optionally further includes a heating device 406 for heating the purge gas (e.g. ProLUNG Meter from ESTOR, which heats the purge gas and simultaneously controls the purge gas flow) and optionally a humidification device 407 (e.g. Bennet Cascade Humidifier from Robin Medical Ltd. or respiratory gas humidifier and heater Aircon from WILAmed) for humidifying the purge gas.
- a heating device 406 for heating the purge gas
- a humidification device 407 e.g. Bennet Cascade Humidifier from Robin Medical Ltd. or respiratory gas humidifier and heater Aircon from WILAmed
- the purge gas circuit 400 can, preferably upstream of the gas exchange unit 300, have sensors for determining purge gas parameters, such as the Purge gas temperature, purge gas humidity and purge gas flow rate (not shown here).
- the blood treatment device 100 further comprises a control unit 500 which is configured to regulate or control the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter 404.
- a control unit 500 which is configured to regulate or control the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter 404.
- it can be in wired or wireless signal connection with each of the previously mentioned components, in particular with the pump device for blood 101, the temperature sensor TS, the sensor PS 1 and/or PS2 for measuring the pCO2 and/or pO2, the purge gas source 401, and with the individual components of the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter 404.
- the control unit 500 is designed to operate the purge gas pump 405 with electrical power in order to regulate the flow rate of the purge gas.
- the control unit 500 is further designed to operate the heating device 406 and humidification device 407 with electrical power in order to regulate the temperature and humidity of the purge gas.
- the performance of the purge gas pump 405, the heating device 406 or the humidification device 407 can be controlled, regulated, stored and/or displayed depending on one or more values detected by the sensor(s).
- control unit 500 The method according to the invention can thus be carried out essentially or completely by the control unit 500; in particular, those steps which do not require or involve human intervention and/or provision can be carried out by the control unit.
- the blood treatment device 100 can additionally comprise a mechanical ventilation unit 600, with which a CO2 and O2 exchange can also be carried out.
- Mechanical ventilation can be carried out either non-invasively by means of a helmet or a mask 601 or invasively by means of an endotracheal tube 602, which is inserted through the nose or mouth, or via a tracheostomy tube, which is inserted into the trachea via a stoma (only shown schematically in Fig. 1).
- the control unit 500 is also connected to the mechanical ventilation unit 600 and configured to control it taking into account the treatment parameters and sensor readings.
- At least values for the treatment parameters are first recorded by the sensors (actual values) and transmitted to the control unit 500.
- the control unit 500 compares the recorded values with the values entered by the user and/or with preset values (setpoints) and calculates control variables for the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter.
- control unit 500 controls the purge gas pump 405 and/or the heating device 406 and/or the humidification device 407 such that the flow rate of the purge gas is increased or decreased and/or the purge gas is heated and/or humidified.
- the purge gas pump 405, the heating device 406 and the humidification device 407 can be activated or deactivated independently of one another.
- the flow rate, temperature and humidity of the purge gas used during ECLS treatment are factors that influence both the CO2 removal rate and the heat loss from the blood.
- a high purge gas flow rate results in a high removal of CO2.
- the heat loss also increases, and even increases proportionally. It is therefore desirable to control the treatment parameters in such a way that they are adapted to the patient's condition and treatment status and are optimally adjusted for the treatment goal.
- Fig. 2 shows an example of a CO2 removal curve (carbon dioxide transfer rate, CTR) as a function of the purge gas flow, i.e. the removal of CO2 from the blood, at a constant blood flow rate and varying purge gas flow rates, which were determined in a test setup in the laboratory.
- CO2 removal curves are typical for specific gas exchange units.
- the CO2 removal rate is greatest at a ratio of purge gas flow to blood flow of 15:1, for example a blood flow of 0.5 l/min and a maximum purge gas flow of 7.5 l/min.
- a ratio of purge gas flow to blood flow of 15:1 is optimal.
- Fig. 3 shows an example of the reduction of the carbon dioxide partial pressure ApCO2 in mmHg between the blood inlet 303 and the blood outlet 304 of the gas exchanger 300 with different conditioning of the purge gas over time in seconds.
- the CO2 removal rate does not decrease proportionally: by heating the purge gas (shown as a dashed line in Figure X) it decreases by about 10% in the example shown, and by heating and humidifying it (shown as a solid line in Figure X) it decreases by a maximum of another 10%. Knowing these facts, an optimal setting for the treatment goal can be found for the patient's condition and treatment status.
- a calculation and/or accounting of the total amount of CO2 removed may be performed based on the detected pCO2.
- the calculation can be done, for example, by multiplying the CO2 concentration in the outflowing purge gas (e.g. in %) by the purge gas flow rate (ml/min).
- the total CO2 removal rate can be calculated by the control device via an electronic interface when mechanical ventilation is taking place at the same time.
- the calculation is carried out by adding the removal rate of the natural lung from the ventilator and the removal rate of the membrane lung.
- an additional CO2 sensor at the outlet of the non-invasive (mask) ventilation unit together with the purge gas flow rate (CO2 content in the purge gas multiplied by the purge gas flow rate), it is possible to create an overall balance for removed CO2, analogous to a mechanical ventilation device.
- the two determined removal rates natural lung and membrane lung are added together.
- Fig. 4 shows the blood treatment device 100 according to the invention in a schematic representation.
- FIG. 2 shows the control unit 500 already mentioned above, which is connected to an extracorporeal blood treatment device 200, a gas exchange unit 300, a device for changing the flushing gas parameters 404 and a gas source 401.
- the blood treatment device 200 can be connected to a patient P via a vascular access.
- Fig. 2 further shows that the control unit 500 is connected to a hardware and software unit 700, which includes further components.
- the data exchange between the individual components of the hardware and software unit 700 takes place via corresponding interfaces.
- the hardware and software unit 700 can, for example, have a user interface 701.
- the user interface 701 can be designed, for example, as a graphical user interface.
- the user can select or change a treatment goal using a keyboard, a mouse or a touch screen.
- the treatment objective is selected with regard to the contradictory objectives of maximizing CO2 removal and minimizing heat loss at different settings of the purge gas parameters.
- control unit 500 Based on the user B's specification for a treatment goal, the control unit 500 carries out predetermined processes individually or in combination.
- An input on the user interface 701 by the user can, for example, trigger a change in the purge gas temperature, the purge gas humidity and the purge gas flow rate individually or in combination.
- the blood treatment device 100 can be adjusted to the respective treatment target depending on the user's target specification via a control of the device for changing at least one purge gas parameter 404 by the control unit 500 based on the entered treatment target and depending on the at least two treatment parameters pCO2 and/or blood temperature and/or blood flow rate.
- the target setting can also be automated by a script 704 or by the automated execution of various predefined steps.
- the target specification can also originate from a data-based decision support system 702, which takes into account data from at least one data source 703, such as a clinical data system, and suggests these to user B for selection for the target specification.
- the data can be, for example, a physiological parameter or a target value for purge gas or treatment parameters.
- control unit 500 After confirmation or modification of this target, the data is transmitted to the control unit 500.
- the latter triggers a different combination of the purge gas flow rate and/or purge gas temperature and/or purge gas humidity.
- At least 3 combinations are conceivable, and even more using individual gradations of heating, humidification and flow rate. Some combinations may be more common, but others are less common.
- humidification is usually only carried out in combination with heating of the purge gas.
- heating the purge gas can help reduce temperature loss even without humidification, but according to the enthalpy of gases, simply heating a gas only leads to a small increase in the specific heat content. Additional humidification increases the enthalpy dramatically.
- Fig. 5 shows exemplary measured values for the blood temperature in °Celsius at the blood inlet 303 and outlet 304 at different purge gas temperatures and humidity over the duration of the treatment given in hours.
- the black, bold line shows the blood temperature over a certain period of time without treatment. It remains relatively constant at 36.5°C.
- the blood temperature is shown as a gray, continuous line over a certain period of time during an extracorporeal treatment without the use of a purge gas.
- a heat loss of about 0.5°C can be seen, which is caused by heat radiation and conduction across the surface of the extracorporeal blood tubing system.
- the gray, dashed line shows the blood temperature over a certain period of time during ECLS using a flushing gas at room temperature, ie without additional heating and humidification. It can be seen that the blood temperature at the beginning of the treatment is at a comparatively lower level of around 35.7°C and continues to fall during the treatment until it levels off at 35.5.
- the black dashed line shows the blood temperature over a certain period of time during ECLS using purge gas, which is only heated but not humidified. It can be seen that the blood temperature is at a very low level of 35.4°C at the beginning of the treatment, then rises and settles at a constant temperature level of 35.5°C.
- the blood temperature over a certain period of time during ECLS using warmed and humidified purge gas is shown as a thin black line. At the beginning of the treatment, the temperature is 36°C and is therefore slightly lower, but does not fall any further.
- the user changes the target during the course of treatment. For example, it may be useful to achieve a rapid reduction in the pCO2 in the blood for a certain period of time at the beginning of the treatment. As the treatment progresses, the focus is then on avoiding heat loss for a longer period of time. Intermediate targets are also conceivable.
- the user can enter the changed target via the user interface.
- a script with proven sequences of treatment steps e.g. rapid initial lowering of the patient's pCO2 and subsequent moderate CO2 removal while simultaneously compensating for heat loss by heating and humidifying the purge gas, can be used to control the device. In treatment situations where humidification and heating are not available, lowering the purge gas flow can also be used instead.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023102145.1A DE102023102145A1 (de) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-01-30 | Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung zum Gasaustausch |
| PCT/EP2024/051218 WO2024160560A1 (de) | 2023-01-30 | 2024-01-19 | Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung zum gasaustausch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4658332A1 true EP4658332A1 (de) | 2025-12-10 |
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ID=89707939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24701589.4A Pending EP4658332A1 (de) | 2023-01-30 | 2024-01-19 | Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung zum gasaustausch |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4658332A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120615018A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023102145A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024160560A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2197565B1 (de) | 1972-08-30 | 1975-03-07 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | |
| US5810759A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-09-22 | Michigan Critical Care Consultants, Inc. | Control system for regulating gas exchange in extracoporeal circulation |
| GB2437254B (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-11-17 | Haemair Ltd | Blood/air mass exchange apparatus |
| WO2011021978A1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-02-24 | Maquet Critical Care Ab | Coordinated control of ventilator and lung assist device |
| GB201012521D0 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2010-09-08 | Univ Strathclyde | Integrated perfusion system |
| DE102011052189A1 (de) | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Maquet Vertrieb Und Service Deutschland Gmbh | Elektronisch gesteuerte Gasmischeinheit zum Zuführen eines Spülgases zu einem Oxygenerator |
| GB2533027B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2020-06-03 | Spectrum Medical Ltd | Control system |
| DE102017210134A1 (de) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | System zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung, Behandlungsvorrichtung, Kit und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Systems zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung |
| DE102017131192A1 (de) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Pufferlösung zur Reduzierung des Kohlendioxidgehaltes in extrakorporalem Blut |
| DE102021006542B3 (de) * | 2020-05-13 | 2025-06-26 | Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA | Gasverteilungseinheit für ein System zu Beatmung und Oxygenierung |
-
2023
- 2023-01-30 DE DE102023102145.1A patent/DE102023102145A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-19 EP EP24701589.4A patent/EP4658332A1/de active Pending
- 2024-01-19 WO PCT/EP2024/051218 patent/WO2024160560A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-19 CN CN202480009976.7A patent/CN120615018A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023102145A1 (de) | 2024-08-01 |
| CN120615018A (zh) | 2025-09-09 |
| WO2024160560A1 (de) | 2024-08-08 |
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