EP4655166A1 - Systeme de conditionnement thermique - Google Patents
Systeme de conditionnement thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4655166A1 EP4655166A1 EP24700084.7A EP24700084A EP4655166A1 EP 4655166 A1 EP4655166 A1 EP 4655166A1 EP 24700084 A EP24700084 A EP 24700084A EP 4655166 A1 EP4655166 A1 EP 4655166A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exchanger
- heat transfer
- transfer liquid
- branch
- connection point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of thermal conditioning systems. These systems can in particular equip a motor vehicle. Such systems make it possible to achieve thermal regulation of different components of the vehicle, such as for example the passenger compartment or an electrical energy storage battery, in the case of an electrically powered vehicle. Heat exchanges are managed mainly by the compression and expansion of a refrigerant fluid within different heat exchangers making it possible to ensure heating or cooling of different organs.
- Thermal conditioning systems commonly use a refrigerant circuit and a heat transfer liquid circuit exchanging heat with the refrigerant. Such systems are thus called indirect.
- the refrigerant fluid circuit is thermally coupled with the heat transfer liquid circuit by a first dual-fluid exchanger. The heat given up to the heat transfer liquid can then be dissipated in a flow of air intended for the passenger compartment in order to heat it.
- the refrigerant liquid circuit is also coupled to the heat transfer liquid circuit by a second two-fluid exchanger making it possible to cool the heat transfer liquid. Heat-dissipating elements of the vehicle's powertrain, such as the vehicle's electric traction motor or the power electronics controlling the electric motor, can thus be cooled.
- the heat transfer liquid can also circulate in a heat exchanger receiving a flow of air from outside the vehicle, which allows, depending on the operating modes, to dissipate heat in the flow of outside air or to receive heat from this air flow. Numerous operating modes are thus possible, and allow multiple modes of heat transfer between the different components and exchangers of the vehicle.
- the circulation of the heat transfer liquid in the different branches of the circuit is managed by different valves allowing the heat transfer liquid to be directed into various portions of the circuit. Many shut-off valves are generally employed. The use of three-way, four-way or even more circulation valves makes it possible to reduce the number of valves used. However, these valves are complex and expensive.
- the present invention proposes a thermal conditioning system for a motor vehicle, comprising:
- refrigerant fluid circuit comprising a main refrigerant fluid circulation loop, the main loop comprising successively in one direction of refrigerant circulation:
- a first heat exchanger arranged jointly on the main refrigerant fluid loop and on the primary heat transfer liquid loop so as to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid
- a second heat exchanger arranged jointly on the main refrigerant fluid loop and on the secondary heat transfer liquid loop so as to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid, in which:
- the primary heat transfer liquid loop comprises a third exchanger configured to exchange heat with a flow of air inside a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and
- the secondary heat transfer liquid loop comprises a fourth heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to a first element of a electric powertrain of the vehicle, in which the heat transfer liquid circuit comprises:
- the primary heat transfer liquid loop comprises a first bidirectional pump configured to circulate the heat transfer liquid selectively from a first inlet/outlet of the first exchanger to a first inlet/outlet of the third exchanger, or from a second inlet/outlet of the first exchanger towards a second entrance/exit of the third exchanger.
- the secondary heat transfer liquid loop comprises a second bidirectional pump configured to selectively circulate the heat transfer liquid from a first inlet/outlet of the second exchanger to a first inlet/outlet of the fourth exchanger , or from a second entry/exit of the second exchanger to a second entry/exit of the fourth exchanger.
- the second bidirectional pump allows for a greater diversity of operating modes.
- the first bidirectional pump is placed on the primary loop between the second inlet/outlet of the first exchanger and the third connection point.
- the first bidirectional pump is placed on the primary loop between the first connection point and the first inlet/outlet of the first exchanger.
- the second bidirectional pump is arranged on a portion of the secondary loop extending between the second connection point and the fourth connection point without passing through the second exchanger.
- the second bidirectional pump is arranged between the fourth connection point and the second inlet/outlet of the fourth exchanger.
- the second bidirectional pump is arranged between the second connection point and the first inlet/outlet of the fourth exchanger.
- the first element of the vehicle's electric traction chain can be an electrical energy storage battery.
- the fourth exchanger can be formed by the battery itself, that is to say that the heat dissipating battery is directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, when it is a dielectric fluid.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit comprises a third branch branch connecting a fifth connection point arranged on the first branch branch to a sixth connection point arranged on the second branch branch, the third branch bypass comprising a fifth heat exchanger.
- the fifth heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat with an air flow outside the vehicle cabin.
- connection point is arranged on the first branch branch between the first connection point and the second connection point.
- sixth connection point is arranged on the second branch branch between the third connection point and the fourth connection point.
- the refrigerant circuit comprises an auxiliary branch arranged in parallel with the first expansion device and the second exchanger, the auxiliary branch successively comprising a second expansion device and a sixth exchanger heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with a flow of air inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the sixth exchanger is placed upstream of the third exchanger in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation of the vehicle.
- the auxiliary branch connects a first connection point disposed downstream of an outlet of the compressor and upstream of the first regulator to a second connection point disposed downstream of the second exchanger and upstream of an inlet of the compressor, the auxiliary branch successively comprising a second expander and a sixth heat exchanger.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit of the thermal conditioning system comprises a fourth branch of diversion connected to the secondary loop in parallel with the fourth exchanger and the second bidirectional pump, the fourth branch of branch comprising a seventh heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to a second element of the vehicle's electric traction chain.
- the second element of the electric traction chain of the vehicle can be an electronic unit for controlling an electric traction motor.
- the seventh heat exchanger can be formed by the electronic control unit of the electric motor itself, that is to say that the electronic elements dissipating heat are directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, when this is a dielectric fluid.
- the fourth branch includes an eighth heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to a third element of the vehicle's electric traction chain.
- the third element of the vehicle's electric traction chain can be an electric vehicle traction motor.
- the eighth heat exchanger can be formed by the electric motor, that is to say that the heat-dissipating components of the motor are directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, when the latter is a dielectric fluid.
- the fourth branch branch connects a seventh connection point arranged on the secondary loop between the second connection point and a first inlet/outlet of the fourth exchanger to an eighth connection point arranged on the secondary loop between the second bidirectional pump and the fourth connection point.
- the secondary loop comprises a third pump configured to circulate the heat transfer liquid from the fourth connection point to the second inlet/outlet of the second exchanger.
- the third pump is a unidirectional pump.
- the third pump is arranged between the fourth connection point and the second inlet/outlet of the second exchanger.
- the third pump is arranged between the first inlet/outlet of the second exchanger and the second connection point.
- the secondary loop comprises a first stop valve disposed between the second connection point and the seventh connection point.
- the first shut-off valve is a two-way valve.
- the secondary loop includes a second shut-off valve disposed between the eighth connection point and the fourth connection point.
- the second shut-off valve is a two-way valve.
- the primary loop comprises a unidirectional valve configured to authorize a circulation of heat transfer liquid from the first inlet/outlet of the third exchanger towards the first connection point and configured to prohibit a circulation of liquid heat carrier from the first connection point to the first inlet/outlet of the third exchanger.
- the one-way valve is a check valve.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit of the thermal conditioning system comprises a first three-way valve arranged jointly on the first branch of diversion and on the third branch of branch.
- the first three-way valve is configured to selectively:
- the heat transfer liquid circuit comprises a second three-way valve arranged jointly on the second branch of diversion and on the third branch of branch.
- the second three-way valve is configured to selectively:
- the thermal conditioning system can thus use a reduced number of valves, in addition to valves of low complexity.
- two two-way shut-off valves, two three-way valves and one check valve are sufficient to operate the proposed thermal conditioning system.
- the primary heat transfer liquid loop comprises an electric heating device configured to selectively heat the heat transfer liquid.
- This electric heating device makes it possible to supplement, or replace, the heat supplied to the heat transfer liquid by the refrigerant fluid.
- the main refrigerant loop comprises an accumulation device disposed downstream of the second exchanger and upstream of an inlet of the compression device.
- the accumulation device is an accumulator.
- the main refrigerant fluid loop comprises an internal heat exchanger configured to allow a thermal exchange between the refrigerant fluid leaving the first exchanger and the refrigerant fluid leaving the device. 'accumulation.
- the internal heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange section arranged downstream of the first exchanger and upstream of the first expander and a second heat exchange section arranged downstream of the refrigerant accumulation device and upstream upstream of an inlet of the compressor, the internal heat exchanger being configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid circulating in the first heat exchange section and the refrigerant fluid in the second heat exchange section.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a mode known as heating the traction chain and dehumidifying the passenger compartment, in which: - a flow of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, in the second expander where it passes at low pressure, in the sixth exchanger where it receives heat from the interior air flow, and returns to the compressor,
- a first flow of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first exchanger where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first bidirectional pump, and is divided at the third connection point into:
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as previously described, in a mode known as heating the traction chain and cooling the passenger compartment, in which:
- a flow of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, in the second expander where it passes at low pressure, in the sixth exchanger where it receives heat from the interior air flow, and returns to the compressor,
- a first flow of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first bidirectional pump, in the first exchanger where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first branch of diversion, in the secondary loop, and is divided at the seventh connection point into:
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a mode known as heating and dehumidification of the passenger compartment, with double energy recovery in which:
- a first flow of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, and is divided into:
- a first flow of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first exchanger where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first bidirectional pump, in the third exchanger where it transfers heat to the interior air flow, and returns to the first exchanger,
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as described above, in a so-called traction chain cooling and passenger compartment heating mode, in which:
- a flow of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, in the first expander where it passes at low pressure, in the second exchanger where it receives heat from the heat transfer liquid, and returns to the compressor,
- a first flow of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first exchanger where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first bidirectional pump, and is divided at the third connection point into:
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a thermal conditioning system as already described, in a mode known as cooling the traction chain and the passenger compartment, in which:
- a first flow of refrigerant fluid circulates successively in the compressor where it passes at high pressure, in the first exchanger where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, and is divided into:
- a first flow of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first bidirectional pump, in the first exchanger where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first branch of diversion, in the third branch of branch, in the fifth exchanger where it transfers heat to the outside air flow, in the second branch branch, and returns to the first bidirectional pump,
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal conditioning system according to a variant of the embodiment of Figure 1,
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 2 according to a first operating mode called heating of the traction chain and dehumidification of the passenger compartment,
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 2 according to a second operating mode called heating of the traction chain and cooling of the passenger compartment
- FIG. 5 represents a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 2 according to a third operating mode called heating and dehumidification of the passenger compartment, with double energy recovery
- FIG. 6 represents a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 2 according to a fourth operating mode called traction chain cooling and passenger compartment heating
- FIG. 7 represents a schematic view of the thermal conditioning system of Figure 2 according to a fifth operating mode called cooling of the traction chain and the passenger compartment.
- a first element upstream of a second element means that the first element is placed before the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or travel, of a fluid.
- a first element downstream of a second element means that the first element is placed after the second element with respect to the direction of circulation, or travel, of the fluid considered.
- the term "a first element is upstream of a second element” means that the refrigerant fluid successively travels through the first element, then the second element, without passing through the compression device. In other words, the refrigerant fluid leaves the compression device, possibly passes through one or more elements, then passes through the first element, then the second element, then returns to the compression device, possibly after passing through other elements.
- exchanger is equivalent to the term “heat exchanger” and to the term “heat exchanger”.
- expansion device is equivalent to the term “expansion device”
- compressor is equivalent to the term “compression device”.
- Each of the expansion devices used can be an electronic expansion valve, a thermostatic expansion valve, or a calibrated orifice.
- the passage section allowing the refrigerant to pass can be adjusted continuously between a closed position and a maximum open position.
- an electronic control module controls an electric motor which moves a mobile shutter controlling the passage section offered to the refrigerant fluid.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 which will be described can be fitted to a motor vehicle.
- the motor vehicle is electric or hybrid.
- An electronic control unit receives information from various sensors measuring in particular the characteristics of the refrigerant fluid.
- the electronic control unit also receives instructions issued by the occupants of the vehicle, such as the desired temperature inside the passenger compartment.
- the electronic control unit implements control laws allowing the control of the different actuators, in order to ensure the control of the thermal conditioning system 100 so as to ensure the instructions received.
- a compression device 15 makes it possible to circulate a refrigerant fluid in a closed circuit 10 for circulating refrigerant fluid.
- the compression device 15 can be an electric compressor, that is to say a compressor whose moving parts are driven by an electric motor.
- the device of compression 15 has a suction side of the refrigerant fluid at low pressure, also called inlet 15a of the compression device, and a discharge side of the refrigerant fluid at high pressure, also called outlet 15b of the compression device 15.
- the internal moving parts of the compressor 15 cause the refrigerant fluid to pass from low pressure on the inlet side 15a to high pressure on the outlet side 15b. After expansion in one or more expansion members, the refrigerant fluid returns to inlet 15a of compressor 15 and begins a new thermodynamic cycle.
- connection point allows the refrigerant fluid to pass into one or other of the circuit portions joining at this connection point.
- the distribution of the refrigerant fluid between the circuit portions joining at a connection point is done by varying the degree of opening of the expansion devices arranged on each of the branches connected to this point.
- each connection point is a means of redirecting the refrigerant arriving at this connection point.
- the refrigerant fluid used by the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 is here a chemical fluid such as R1234yf.
- Other refrigerant fluids could be used, such as R134a, R744 or even R290.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a heat transfer liquid circuit 20 in which a heat transfer liquid can circulate under the action of one or more pumps.
- the circuit includes different circulation loops connected by different branch branches.
- Each connection point between two circuit portions allows the heat transfer liquid to pass into one or other of the circuit portions joining at this connection point.
- each connection point is a means of redirecting the heat transfer liquid arriving at this connection point.
- interior air flow Fi means a flow of air intended for the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- This interior air flow can circulate in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation, often referred to by the English term “HVAC” meaning “Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning”. This installation has not been shown in the various figures.
- external air flow Fe we mean an air flow which is not intended for the passenger compartment of the vehicle. In other words, this air flow remains outside the passenger compartment.
- Figure 1 shows a thermal conditioning system 100 for a motor vehicle.
- the thermal conditioning system 100 includes:
- thermoelectric circuit 20 comprising:
- a refrigerant fluid circuit 10 comprising a main loop 10A for circulating refrigerant fluid, the main loop 10A comprising successively in one direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid:
- a first heat exchanger 1 arranged jointly on the main loop 10A of refrigerant fluid and on the primary loop 20A of heat transfer liquid so as to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid
- a second heat exchanger 2 arranged jointly on the main loop 10A of refrigerant fluid and on the secondary loop 20B of heat transfer liquid so as to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid.
- the primary heat transfer liquid loop 20A comprises a third exchanger 3 configured to exchange heat with an air flow Fi inside a passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the secondary heat transfer liquid loop 20B comprises a fourth heat exchanger 4 configured to be thermally coupled to a first element 41 of an electric traction chain of the vehicle.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 includes:
- first branch branch 20C connecting a first connection point 51 arranged on the primary loop 20A between a first input/output 1 B-1 of the first exchanger 1 and a first input/output 3-1 of the third exchanger 3 to a second connection point 52 arranged on the secondary loop 20B between a first inlet/outlet 2B-1 of the second exchanger 2 and a first inlet/outlet 4-1 of the fourth exchanger 4,
- a second branch branch 20D connecting a third connection point 53 arranged on the primary loop 20A between a second inlet/outlet 1 B-2 of the first exchanger 1 and a second inlet/outlet 3-2 of the third exchanger 3 to a fourth connection point 54 arranged on the secondary loop 20B between a second inlet/outlet 2B-2 of the second exchanger 2 and a second inlet/outlet 4-2 of the fourth exchanger 4.
- the primary heat transfer liquid loop 20A comprises a first bidirectional pump 21 configured to circulate the heat transfer liquid selectively from a first inlet/outlet 1 B-1 of the first exchanger 1 to a first inlet/outlet 3-1 of the third exchanger 3, or from a second inlet/outlet 1 B-2 of the first exchanger 1 to a second inlet/outlet 3-2 of the third exchanger 3.
- the secondary heat transfer liquid loop 20B comprises a second bidirectional pump 22 configured to selectively circulate the heat transfer liquid from a first inlet/outlet 2B-1 of the second exchanger 2 to a first inlet/outlet 4-1 of the fourth exchanger 4, or from a second inlet/outlet 2B-2 of the second exchanger 2 to a second inlet/outlet 4-2 of the fourth exchanger 4.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 makes it possible to obtain a greater diversity of operating modes, without increasing the complexity of the valves used in the circuit.
- the direction of circulation, or delivery, of the liquid circulated by the pump can be reversed on demand.
- the direction of rotation of the moving parts of the pump can be reversed to reverse the direction of circulation.
- the pump may include a controlled electric motor by a bridge of transistors making it possible to control the direction of rotation and the speed of rotation of the motor.
- the first bidirectional pump 21 is arranged on the primary loop 20A between the second inlet/outlet 1 B-2 of the first exchanger 1 and the third connection point 53.
- the first bidirectional pump 21 is arranged on the primary loop 20A between the first connection point 51 and the first inlet/outlet 1 B-1 of the first exchanger 1.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 is arranged on a portion of the secondary loop 20B extending between the second connection point 52 and the fourth connection point 54 without passing through the second exchanger 2.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 is arranged between the fourth connection point 54 and the second inlet/outlet 4-2 of the fourth exchanger 4.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 is arranged between the second connection point 52 and the first inlet/outlet 4-1 of the fourth exchanger 4.
- inlet/outlet designates a path which can be either an inlet of heat transfer liquid or an outlet of heat transfer liquid depending on the direction of flow imposed by the heat transfer liquid circulation pumps and the release valves. in communication with the different portions of the heat transfer liquid circuit 20.
- first inlet/outlet of an exchanger is a heat transfer liquid inlet
- second inlet/outlet of this exchanger is a heat transfer liquid outlet.
- the first inlet/outlet is then a heat transfer liquid outlet.
- the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 forms a closed circuit configured to circulate a flow of refrigerant fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid circuit 20 forms a heat transfer fluid circulation circuit, that is to say a closed circuit configured to circulate a flow of heat transfer fluid. In its nominal state of operation, that is to say without fault or anomaly, each of the circuits 10, 20 is waterproof.
- the primary loop 20A of the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 forms a heat transfer liquid circulation loop.
- the secondary loop 20B of the circuit forms a heat transfer liquid circulation loop.
- the 20 of heat transfer liquid forms a heat transfer liquid circulation loop.
- the primary loop 20A and the secondary loop 20B are connected by branch branches.
- Each branch branch has exactly one input and one output.
- Each branch branch is connected at each of its ends to a portion of the heat transfer liquid circuit. Each connection is made at a connection point.
- the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer liquid can carry out a heat exchange at the level of the first exchanger 1.
- the first exchanger 1 comprises a first heat exchange section 1 A through which the refrigerant fluid passes and a second heat exchange section 1 B traversed by the heat transfer liquid. A heat exchange is carried out between the first heat exchange section 1 A and the second heat exchange section 1 B of the first exchanger 1.
- the refrigerant fluid and the heat transfer fluid can carry out a heat exchange at the level of the second exchanger 2.
- the second exchanger 2 comprises a first heat exchange section 2A through which the refrigerant fluid passes and a second section heat exchange 2B through which the heat transfer fluid passes. A heat exchange is carried out between the first heat exchange section 2A and the second heat exchange section 2B of the second exchanger 2.
- the first exchanger 1 makes it possible to condense at least in part the refrigerant fluid at high temperature and high pressure at the outlet of the compression device 15. The heat of condensation of the refrigerant fluid is thus transferred to the heat transfer liquid of the circuit 20. The liquid heat carrier can thus be heated.
- the second exchanger 2 can make it possible to evaporate at least partially the low pressure refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the first expansion device 31.
- the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant fluid is taken from the heat transfer liquid. This can thus be cooled.
- the first exchanger 1 and the second exchanger 2 each have an inlet respectively 1 A-1, 2A-1 of refrigerant fluid and an outlet 1 A-2, 2A-2 of refrigerant fluid.
- the first exchanger 1 and the second exchanger 2 each comprise a heat transfer liquid inlet and a heat transfer liquid outlet, the role of the inlet and the outlet being able to be reversed according to the operating modes depending on the direction of circulation imposed by the bidirectional heat transfer liquid circulation pumps.
- the first exchanger 1 and the second exchanger 2 are traversed by two different fluids, each exchanger is a two-fluid exchanger.
- the first element 41 of the electric traction chain of the vehicle can be an electrical energy storage battery.
- the battery can provide the energy necessary for an electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- Thermal coupling with the fourth exchanger 4 can be achieved via a heat transfer liquid circulation loop, not shown in the different figures. Thermal coupling can also be done by bringing one or more walls of the fourth exchanger 4 into contact with one or more walls of the battery 41.
- the fourth exchanger 4 can be formed by the battery itself, that is to say that the heat dissipating battery is directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, when the latter is a dielectric fluid.
- the third exchanger 3 is located in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation of the vehicle.
- the third exchanger 3 is a passenger compartment heating radiator.
- a motor-fan group is placed near the third exchanger 3 and can be activated in order to increase, if necessary, the flow rate of the interior air flow Fi.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 comprises a third branch branch 20E connecting a fifth connection point 55 located on the first branch branch 20C to a sixth connection point 56 located on the second branch branch 20D.
- the third branch 20E includes a fifth heat exchanger 5.
- the fifth heat exchanger 5 is configured to exchange heat with an air flow Fe outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the fifth exchanger 5 is for example arranged on the front of the vehicle, behind the grille.
- a second motor-fan group, not shown, can be activated in order to increase the flow rate of the outside air flow if necessary.
- connection point 55 is arranged on the first branch branch 20C between the first connection point 51 and the second connection point 52.
- the sixth connection point 56 is arranged on the second branch branch 20D between the third connection point 53 and the fourth connection point 54.
- the refrigerant fluid circuit 10 comprises an auxiliary branch 10B arranged in parallel with the first expansion device 31 and the second exchanger 2.
- the auxiliary branch 10B successively comprises a second expansion device 32 and a sixth heat exchanger 6 configured to exchange heat with an interior air flow Fi to the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the sixth exchanger 6 is located in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation of the vehicle.
- the sixth exchanger 6 is arranged upstream of the third exchanger 3 in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning installation of the vehicle.
- the auxiliary branch 10B connects a first connection point 11 disposed downstream of an outlet 15b of the compressor 15 and upstream of the first regulator 31 to a second connection point 12 disposed downstream of the second exchanger 2 and upstream of an inlet 15a of the compressor 15.
- the auxiliary branch 10B successively comprises a second expander 32 and a sixth heat exchanger 6.
- the second expansion device 32 is arranged upstream of the sixth heat exchanger 6 in a direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid.
- the second expansion device 32 makes it possible to supply the sixth heat exchanger 6 with refrigerant fluid, with a controlled expansion level.
- the first regulator 31 makes it possible to supply the second exchanger 2 with refrigerant fluid, with a controlled expansion level. Controlling the passage section of the first expander 31 and the second expander 32 makes it possible to control the distribution of the flow of refrigerant fluid between the second exchanger 2 and the sixth exchanger 6.
- the first expander 31 When the first expander 31 is completely open, the refrigerant fluid does not does not undergo relaxation.
- the first expansion valve 31 is completely closed, the circulation of the refrigerant fluid is blocked. The same goes for the second regulator.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 of the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a fourth branch branch 20F connected to the secondary loop 20B in parallel with the fourth exchanger 4 and the second bidirectional pump 22.
- the fourth branch branch 20F comprises a seventh heat exchanger 7 configured to be thermally coupled to a second element 42 of the vehicle's electric traction chain.
- the second element 42 of the electric traction chain of the vehicle can for example be an electronic unit for controlling an electric traction motor.
- the seventh heat exchanger 7 can be formed by the electronic control unit of the electric motor itself, that is to say that the electronic elements dissipating heat are directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, when this This is a dielectric fluid.
- the fourth branch 20F comprises an eighth heat exchanger 8 configured to be thermally coupled to a third element 43 of the vehicle's electric traction chain.
- the third element 43 of the electric traction chain of the vehicle can be an electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- the eighth heat exchanger 8 can be formed by the electric motor, that is to say that the heat-dissipating components of the motor are directly in contact with the heat transfer fluid, when the latter is a dielectric fluid.
- the fourth branch 20F connects a seventh connection point 57 arranged on the secondary loop 20B between the second connection point 52 and a first inlet/outlet 4-1 of the fourth exchanger 4 to an eighth connection point 58 arranged on the secondary loop 20B between the second bidirectional pump 22 and the fourth connection point 54.
- the secondary loop 20B comprises a third pump 23 configured to circulate the heat transfer liquid from the fourth connection point 54 towards the second inlet/outlet 2B-2 of the second exchanger 2.
- the third pump 23 is a unidirectional pump. In other words, the third pump always circulates the heat transfer liquid in the same direction.
- the third pump 23 is electrically controlled.
- the third pump 23 is arranged between the fourth connection point 54 and the second inlet/outlet 2B-2 of the second exchanger 2.
- the third pump 23 is arranged between the first inlet/outlet 2B-1 of the second exchanger 2 and the second connection point 52.
- the secondary loop 20B comprises a first stop valve 25 arranged between the second connection point 52 and the seventh connection point 57.
- the first stop valve 25 is a two-way valve.
- the secondary loop 20B comprises a second stop valve 26 disposed between the eighth connection point 58 and the fourth connection point 54.
- the second stop valve 26 is a two-way valve.
- the first stop valve 25 and the second stop valve 26 are electrically controlled.
- the heat transfer liquid can circulate successively in the second pump 22, in the fourth exchanger 4, pass to the seventh connection point 57, circulate in the seventh exchanger 7, then in the eighth exchanger 8, go to the eighth connection point 58, and return to the second pump 22.
- the heat transfer liquid can circulate successively in the second pump 22, pass to the eighth connection point 58, circulate in the eighth exchanger 8, in the seventh exchanger 7, pass to the seventh point connection 57, then in the fourth exchanger 4, and return to the second bidirectional pump 22.
- the primary loop 20A comprises a one-way valve 27 configured to authorize a circulation of heat transfer liquid from the first inlet/outlet 3-1 of the third exchanger 3 towards the first connection point 51 and configured to prohibit a circulation of heat transfer liquid from the first connection point 51 towards the first input/output 3-1 of the third exchanger 3.
- the one-way valve 27 is here a non-return valve.
- the one-way valve is here a passive element, that is to say without electrical control.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 of the thermal conditioning system 100 comprises a first three-way valve 29 arranged jointly on the first branch of diversion 20C and on the third branch of branch 20E.
- the first three-way valve 29 is configured to selectively:
- the first three-way valve 29 makes it possible to selectively put the fifth exchanger 5 in communication either with the primary heat transfer liquid circulation loop 20A or with the secondary loop 20B.
- the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 comprises a second three-way valve 30 arranged jointly on the second branch of diversion 20D and on the third branch of branch 20E.
- the second three-way valve 30 is configured to selectively:
- the second three-way valve 30 makes it possible to selectively put the fifth exchanger 5 in communication either with the primary loop 20A or with the secondary loop 20B.
- the first three-way valve 29 and the second three-way valve 30 are electrically controlled.
- the fifth connection point 55 of the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 is part of the first three-way valve 29.
- the sixth connection point 56 of the heat transfer liquid circuit 20 is part of the second three-way valve 30.
- the thermal conditioning system can thus use a reduced number of valves, in addition to valves of low complexity.
- two two-way shut-off valves, two three-way valves and one check valve are sufficient to operate the proposed thermal conditioning system.
- More complex valves, for example with four, five or six flow paths, used by prior art systems, are not necessary and are not used.
- the primary heat transfer liquid loop 20A comprises an electric heating device 24 configured to selectively heat the heat transfer liquid. This electric heating device 24 makes it possible to supplement, or replace, the heat supplied to the heat transfer liquid by the refrigerant fluid.
- the main refrigerant fluid loop 10A comprises an accumulation device 16 disposed downstream of the second exchanger 2 and upstream of an inlet 15a of the compression device 15.
- the accumulation device 16 is an accumulator. This accumulator, placed on the low pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 10, makes it possible to compensate for variations in the quantity of refrigerant circulating in the circuit depending on the operating modes. It also prevents liquid refrigerant from being sucked in by compressor 15.
- the main refrigerant fluid loop 10A may comprise an accumulation device disposed downstream of the first exchanger 1 and upstream of the first connection point 11.
- the accumulation device is a desiccant bottle.
- Figure 2 represents a variant of the embodiment of Figure 1.
- the main refrigerant fluid loop 10A comprises an internal heat exchanger 9 configured to allow a thermal exchange between the refrigerant fluid leaving the first exchanger 1 and the refrigerant fluid leaving the cooling device. accumulation 16.
- the internal heat exchanger 9 comprises a first heat exchange section 9A arranged downstream of the first exchanger 1 and upstream of the first expander 31 and a second heat exchange section 9B arranged downstream of the accumulation device 16 of refrigerant fluid and upstream of an inlet 15a of the compressor 15.
- the internal heat exchanger 9 is configured to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid circulating in the first heat exchange section 9A and the refrigerant fluid in the second heat exchange section 9B.
- the internal exchanger makes it possible to increase the enthalpy variation of the refrigerant fluid during the thermodynamic cycle and thus improve the performance of the thermal conditioning system.
- Many operating modes of the thermal conditioning system are possible.
- Figures 3 to 7 illustrate different operating methods of a packaging system as described above.
- each of the circuits 10, 20 traversed by the fluid corresponding to this circuit are represented in thick continuous lines, and the portions of circuit which are not traversed by a fluid are represented in thin dotted lines.
- the double arrows schematize the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid
- the single arrows schematize the direction of circulation of the heat transfer liquid.
- the arrows placed next to the bidirectional pumps show the direction of delivery of the bidirectional pumps.
- Figure 3 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as described previously, in a mode known as heating the traction chain and dehumidifying the passenger compartment.
- a flow rate Qr of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor 15 where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, in the second expander 32 where it passes at low pressure, in the sixth exchanger 6 where it receives heat from the interior air flow Fi, and returns to the compressor 15.
- a first flow Qc1 of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first bidirectional pump 21, and is divided at the third connection point 53 into:
- the interior air flow Fi is cooled at the sixth exchanger 6 and is heated at the third exchanger 3.
- the interior air flow Fi is thus dehumidified.
- the heat received by the heat transfer liquid at the level of the first exchanger 1 is dissipated partly in the interior air flow Fi and partly in the elements of the electric traction chain, at the level of the fourth exchanger 4, the seventh exchanger 7 and of the eighth exchanger 8.
- the elements of the electric traction chain are thus heated.
- the first bidirectional pump 21 circulates the heat transfer liquid in a first direction of circulation, corresponding to circulation from the first connection point 51 to the third connection point 53.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 circulates the heat transfer liquid in a second direction of circulation, corresponding to circulation from the eighth connection point 58 to the seventh connection point 57.
- the first three-way valve 29 and the second three-way valve 30 block the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the third branch of diversion 20E and therefore in the fifth exchanger 5.
- the fifth exchanger 5 does not participate in heat transfers.
- the first regulator 31 is in the closed position, the second exchanger 2 does not carry a flow of refrigerant fluid.
- the third pump 23 is inactive.
- the secondary loop portion 20B extending between the fourth connection point 54 and the second connection point 52, and comprising the third pump 23 as well as the second heat exchange section 2B of the second exchanger 2, is not covered by the heat transfer liquid.
- the first stop valve 25 and the second stop valve 26 are both in the open position and allow the heat transfer liquid to pass.
- Figure 4 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as previously described, in a mode known as heating the traction chain and cooling the passenger compartment.
- a flow rate Qr of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor 15 where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, in the second expander 32 where it passes at low pressure, in the sixth exchanger 6 where it receives heat from the interior air flow Fi, and returns to the compressor 15.
- a first flow rate Qc1 of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first bidirectional pump 21, in the first exchanger 1 where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first branch 20C, in the secondary loop 20B, and is divided at level of the seventh connection point 57 in:
- the interior air flow Fi is cooled at the level of the sixth exchanger 6.
- the heat received by the heat transfer liquid at the level of the first exchanger 1 is dissipated in the elements of the electric traction chain, at the level of the fourth exchanger 4, the seventh exchanger 7 and the eighth exchanger 8, which allows these elements of the traction chain to be heated.
- the first bidirectional pump 21 circulates the heat transfer liquid in a second direction of circulation, corresponding to circulation from the third connection point 53 towards the first connection point 51.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 circulates the heat transfer liquid in a first direction of circulation, corresponding to circulation from the seventh connection point 57 to the eighth connection point 58.
- the two pumps have a reverse delivery direction compared to the previous operating mode, illustrated in Figure 3.
- the first three-way valve 29 and the second three-way valve 30 block the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the third branch 20E and therefore in the fifth exchanger 5.
- the fifth exchanger 5 does not participate in heat exchange.
- the one-way valve 27 prevents the heat transfer liquid from circulating towards the third exchanger 3.
- the pressure is lower than the pressure at the first connection point.
- connection 51 due to the pressure loss generated by the first three-way valve 29, the stop valve 25, the fourth exchanger 4, the seventh and eighth exchangers 7,8 and the corresponding circuit portions.
- the heat transfer liquid does not circulate in the third exchanger 3, which does not participate in the heat exchanges and does not heat the interior air flow Fi.
- the sixth exchanger 6 cools the interior air flow Fi. Reversing the direction of delivery of the first pump 21 makes it possible to move from a circulation of heat transfer liquid allowing heating or dehumidification of the passenger compartment to a circulation allowing cooling of the passenger compartment.
- the first expansion valve 31 is in the closed position, the second exchanger 2 does not carry a flow of refrigerant fluid and is inactive for heat exchanges.
- the third pump 23 is inactive.
- the first stop valve 25 and the second stop valve 26 are both in the open position and allow the heat transfer liquid to pass.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows an operating method of a thermal conditioning system 100 as described above, in a mode known as heating and dehumidification of the passenger compartment, with double energy recovery.
- this operating mode :
- a first flow rate Qr1 of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor 15 where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, and is divided into:
- a first flow Qc1 of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first bidirectional pump 21, in the third exchanger 3 where it transfers heat to the internal air flow Fi , and returns to the first interchange 1,
- the interior air flow Fi is cooled at the sixth exchanger 6 and is heated at the third exchanger 3.
- the interior air flow Fi is thus dehumidified.
- the quantity of heat supplied by the third exchanger 3 is greater than the quantity of heat absorbed by the sixth exchanger 6, the air flow is thus heated.
- the heat transfer liquid can receive heat from the exterior air flow Fe at the level of the fifth exchanger 5. Heating of the passenger compartment is thus achieved by recovering energy both from the traction chain, and of the exterior air flow Fe, that is to say by achieving double energy recovery.
- the first bidirectional pump 21 circulates the heat transfer liquid in the first direction of circulation.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 circulates the heat transfer liquid in the first direction of circulation.
- the primary loop 20A and the secondary loop 20B of heat transfer liquid are not connected.
- the portion of the first branch 20C between the second connection point 52 and the fifth connection point 55 is traversed by a flow rate Qc6 of heat transfer liquid.
- the portion of the second branch of diversion 20D between the fourth connection point 54 and the sixth connection point 54 is traversed by a flow rate Qc6 of heat transfer liquid.
- the first three-way valve 29 blocks the circulation of heat transfer liquid between the first connection point 51 and the fifth connection point 55.
- the second three-way valve 30 blocks the circulation of heat transfer liquid between the sixth connection point 56 and the third point connection 53.
- the stop valves 25, 26 are both in the open position. In this operating mode, all heat exchangers are active and participate in heat exchange.
- Figure 6 illustrates a method of operating a thermal conditioning system 100 as described above, in a mode known as traction chain cooling and passenger compartment heating.
- a flow rate Qr of refrigerant fluid circulates in the compressor 15 where it passes at high pressure, and circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, in the first expander 31 where it passes at low pressure, in the second exchanger 2 where it receives heat from the heat transfer liquid, and returns to the compressor 15.
- a first flow Qc1 of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first exchanger 1 where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first bidirectional pump 21, and is divided at the third connection point 53 into:
- a fourth flow rate Qc4 of heat transfer liquid circulates in the secondary loop 20B successively in the third pump 23, in the second exchanger 2 where it transfers heat to the refrigerant fluid, and is divided at the seventh connection point 57 into:
- the first bidirectional pump 21 circulates the heat transfer liquid in the first direction of circulation.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 circulates the heat transfer liquid in the first direction of circulation.
- the primary loop 20A and the secondary loop 20B of heat transfer liquid are not connected.
- the first 3-way valve 29 blocks the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the first branch 20C.
- the second diversion valve 30 blocks the circulation of heat transfer liquid in the second diversion branch 20D.
- the first stop valve 25 and the second stop valve 26 are in the open position.
- the second regulator 32 is in the closed position, the sixth exchanger 6 is inactive.
- Figure 7 schematizes an operating method of a thermal conditioning system 100 as already described, in a so-called cooling mode of the traction chain and the passenger compartment.
- a first flow rate Qr1 of refrigerant fluid circulates successively in the compressor 15 where it passes at high pressure, in the first exchanger 1 where it transfers heat to the heat transfer liquid, and is divided into:
- a first flow Qc1 of heat transfer liquid circulates successively in the first bidirectional pump 21, in the first exchanger 1 where it receives heat from the refrigerant fluid, in the first branch of diversion 20C, in the third branch of diversion 20E, in the fifth exchanger 5 where it transfers heat to the external air flow Fe, in the second branch of diversion 20D, and returns to the first bidirectional pump 21,
- the first bidirectional pump 21 circulates the heat transfer liquid in the second direction of circulation.
- the second bidirectional pump 22 circulates the heat transfer liquid in the first direction of circulation.
- the direction of delivery of the first pump 21 is reversed compared to the previous operating mode.
- the one-way valve 27 prevents the heat transfer liquid from circulating towards the third exchanger 3.
- the pressure is lower than the pressure at the first connection point 51, due to the pressure loss generated by the first three-way valve 29, the fifth exchanger 5 and the corresponding circuit portions.
- the heat transfer liquid does not circulate in the third exchanger 3, which therefore does not heat the interior air flow Fi.
- the sixth exchanger 6 cools the interior air flow Fi.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2300752A FR3145311B1 (fr) | 2023-01-27 | 2023-01-27 | Système de conditionnement thermique |
| PCT/EP2024/050009 WO2024156480A1 (fr) | 2023-01-27 | 2024-01-02 | Systeme de conditionnement thermique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4655166A1 true EP4655166A1 (fr) | 2025-12-03 |
Family
ID=85937370
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24700084.7A Pending EP4655166A1 (fr) | 2023-01-27 | 2024-01-02 | Systeme de conditionnement thermique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4655166A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120530025A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3145311B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024156480A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102429009B1 (ko) * | 2017-08-09 | 2022-08-03 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 차량용 히트 펌프 시스템 |
| FR3081123A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-22 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit de gestion thermique pour vehicule hybride ou electrique |
| CN112406494B (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-08-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | 用于汽车的热管理系统以及基于该系统的热管理方法 |
| CN113547888B (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2023-11-10 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | 冷媒热管理模块、热管理系统及车辆 |
-
2023
- 2023-01-27 FR FR2300752A patent/FR3145311B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-01-02 WO PCT/EP2024/050009 patent/WO2024156480A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-02 EP EP24700084.7A patent/EP4655166A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-01-02 CN CN202480008929.0A patent/CN120530025A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3145311A1 (fr) | 2024-08-02 |
| WO2024156480A1 (fr) | 2024-08-02 |
| FR3145311B1 (fr) | 2025-05-30 |
| CN120530025A (zh) | 2025-08-22 |
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