EP4649567A1 - Verfahren zum erbringen elektrischer regelleistung für eine stabilisierung eines elektrischen übertragungsnetzes und/oder zum erbringen eines energiemarktproduktes - Google Patents
Verfahren zum erbringen elektrischer regelleistung für eine stabilisierung eines elektrischen übertragungsnetzes und/oder zum erbringen eines energiemarktproduktesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4649567A1 EP4649567A1 EP24700430.2A EP24700430A EP4649567A1 EP 4649567 A1 EP4649567 A1 EP 4649567A1 EP 24700430 A EP24700430 A EP 24700430A EP 4649567 A1 EP4649567 A1 EP 4649567A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- building
- electrical power
- batteries
- battery
- bev
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
- H02J2101/40—Hybrid power plants, i.e. a plurality of different generation technologies being operated at one power plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
- H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of active power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for providing electrical control power for stabilizing an electrical transmission network and/or for providing an energy market product.
- Building batteries are batteries with secondary cells that are installed in the electrical building network of a private household or a commercial business and, in addition to other functions, can supply the electrical devices (electrical consumers) present there with electricity when required.
- electrical power units designed as batteries can be used sensibly to support the energy transition in conjunction with electrical power units in the form of renewable power generators, such as photovoltaic systems installed in buildings. Because they are connected to the public power grid of the transmission system operators, they can absorb electrical power from the power grid as so-called negative control power in a way that benefits the grid and, if necessary, supply electrical power to the power grid as so-called positive control power in order to stabilize the transmission networks.
- Trading on the energy market with the flexibility capacities described is also possible, as is the provision of other energy market products.
- reserve units which were and are synonymously also referred to as technical units, usually have such a high power potential for providing electrical control power that they can output or absorb negative and/or positive control power.
- Control power in the sense of the present invention is in particular primary control power, nowadays also referred to in German technical jargon as FCR (Frequency Containment Reserve), or secondary control power, nowadays also referred to in German technical jargon as aFRR (automated Frequency Restoration Reserve), in the range of many dozens of MW. can deliver or take in.
- FCR Frequency Containment Reserve
- aFRR Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve
- inertia reserve In terms of their latency time, in addition to the primary control power and the secondary control power, there is also the control power in the form of the so-called inertia reserve, which compensates for frequency fluctuations from 0 seconds to 30 seconds, usually using the torque of heavy generator turbines. Because building batteries can be controlled to deliver or take in power sufficiently quickly, it would also be possible to provide the so-called inertia reserve via aggregated building batteries. At present, however, the provision of the inertia reserve has not yet been implemented in the general energy market. This is still limited to the downstream types of control power, in particular the primary control power and the secondary control power. In the future, it is quite likely that the provision of control power in the time regime of the inertia reserve will also be opened up to energy market trading. In any case, the inertia reserve is included in the concept of providing control power within the scope of this invention.
- the technical term reserve unit or synonymously technical unit is defined much more narrowly than is usual in the field.
- a reserve unit in the sense of the invention already exists, for example, in the form of a single building battery or in the form of a single building with an associated building network.
- the reserve unit can also be defined as the sum of all electrical energy consumers and/or electrical energy producers whose electrical power flows between this reserve unit and the external transmission network can be recorded via a common network connection point with an electrical electricity meter unit.
- the various electrical energy consumers and electrical energy generators are generically referred to as electrical power units in the context of the present invention. These are composed of a mixture of power input units, power output units and power input/output units, selected from the group comprising:
- a building network defined by its network connection point contains at least one, but usually a large number of such previously defined electrical power units.
- the electrical power units of a reserve unit represented by the building network which are usually present in a large number in a building network, are divided into two groups in the sense of the present invention depending on their individual power input/output potential. If the power input/output potential is greater than or equal to two kilowatts, these electrical power units are referred to below as significant electrical power units.
- Significant electrical power units in connection with building networks are, for example, photovoltaic systems with a correspondingly high electrical output, building battery storage with a correspondingly high storage capacity, air conditioning systems and devices, heat pumps, thermal energy storage, charging connection units for electric vehicles, ovens and electric water heaters.
- building networks of commercial enterprises A number of commercial systems and machines with a power consumption of more than two kilowatts are also considered variants of significant electrical power units.
- Significant electrical power units can also be integrated into the building network in the form of small commercial or privately used combined heat and power plants with an integrated power generator.
- dispatchable significant power units There is a subgroup of significant electrical power units which, in the context of the present invention, are referred to as so-called dispatchable significant power units.
- dispatchability refers to the controllable possibility of shifting the switch-on or switch-off time of the significant power unit in the building network without significant loss of comfort for one or more users of these power units and in this way scheduling the power consumption or power output on the time axis. The shift is usually in the range of a few minutes. If a user connects his electric vehicle to the charging point of his building network for charging, it is not a problem for the user if the charging process begins with a delay of many minutes or even hours, given the regularly available downtime of many hours (overnight in the garage at home). The same applies to a heat pump or a thermal energy storage system.
- the boundary between available and non-available electrical power units is therefore a subjective one that depends on specific user habits. On average, however, it is possible to predict with a high degree of probability which significant electrical power units would be classified as available and which as non-available from the majority of users' perspective in a time window of up to ten minutes or even many hours.
- the power consumption/output potential of electrical power units in the building network is less than two kilowatts
- these electrical power units are subsequently referred to as small electrical power units.
- the accumulated consumption of these small electrical power units is recorded using statistical standard load profile curves.
- building network which defines a defined number of electrical power units in the building network via the common network connection point, does not imply that all electrical power units must be located inside a building of any kind. Electrical power units that must be located outside anyway or are usually located there would be, for example, photovoltaic, water or wind energy systems. Likewise, lighting devices or electrical power units designed as robotic lawnmowers, for example, can be permanently positioned outside. Through the common network connection point, these electrical power units are also assigned to a building network. It is also possible for a reserve unit to be installed outside. It is conceivable that the assigned network connection point and the electrical power units connected via this network connection point do not have a building at all.
- this electrical network is referred to as a building network because in the vast majority of cases the electrical current meter unit required for the network connection point is not located outdoors but in a building protected from the weather. This building can be so small that in extreme cases it only accommodates the electrical current meter unit in the form of a meter connection column and all the electrical power units of this building network with the meter connection column are located outdoors.
- a change in the power turnover of an electrical power unit can therefore mean both a change in the electrical power consumption and a change in the electrical power output.
- provision of control power also includes both the process of taking in electrical power from the transmission network (negative control power) and the process of outputting electrical power to the transmission network (positive control power).
- latency period is understood to mean the period of time from the provision of an electrical switching command to the stored measurement of the result of the switching command.
- Such a switching command refers to all electrical power units, including the building energy storage systems mentioned in the form of of building batteries to a change in their respective power turnover within the meaning of the preceding definition for the characteristic power turnover.
- a method for providing control power is known from EP4000155A1. This is carried out using a large number of electrical building batteries, each of which is connected to the transmission network via a network connection point. These building batteries are each grouped together with other electrical power units in a building network defined by the network connection point. All electrical power units connected to the building network are also considered technical units in the sense of the present invention and can be referred to as such. Each electrical power unit can take electrical power from the building network and thus, with appropriate control, also from the transmission network and/or feed it into the transmission network in the same way, provided that this electrical power unit has this function. ality.
- EP4000155A1 for providing electrical control power for stabilising an electrical transmission network and/or for providing an energy market product comprises the following steps:
- the first step of determining the grid frequency deviation in the transmission grid and/or a request signal for an energy market product can be carried out before, after, during or between the above-mentioned steps of aggregation and activation of building batteries.
- EP4000155A1 in addition to the building batteries, other significant electrical power units and also the bundling of small electrical power units for grid-serving and/or energy market-serving power turnover are used.
- the invention is based on the object of further improving the interaction of the different electrical power units for the reliable provision of electrical control power and/or for the provision of an energy market product.
- the method is characterized by the step:
- the building energy storage systems in the form of rechargeable building batteries have comparatively short latency times of less than two seconds when it comes to a change in their power output with an effect on the electrical transmission network connected via the network connection point. They are therefore particularly suitable for providing primary control power (FCR), which must be available to the transmission network comparatively quickly.
- FCR primary control power
- the short latency time therefore enables the aggregated and activated second group of building batteries to initially provide the required electrical power output, viewed on the time axis.
- slow electrical power units are used, which have significantly longer latency times compared to the building batteries.
- the use of a slow electrical power unit leads to an increasing consumption of electrical power, a decreasing consumption of electrical power from the transmission network, an increasing output of electrical power. power or a decreasing supply of electrical power to the transmission grid.
- the order of the first three process steps can be designed as desired.
- the provision of primary control power must take place within a maximum of 30 seconds according to the current specifications of the transmission system operators. Therefore, the process steps of aggregating and activating the building batteries are usually already completed or already in progress when a grid frequency deviation is determined. This is because aggregating and activating also takes a few seconds, depending on the algorithms and communication networks used.
- the process of aggregating and/or the process of activating the building batteries can be updated periodically or run continuously.
- the algorithms used preferably carry out various optimizations. These can be oriented towards business, sustainability-related and/or other objectives.
- building batteries suitable for the desired supply of control power and/or an energy market product are regularly aggregated by a control system. This means in particular the identification of this subset of building batteries referred to as the first group. This first group therefore forms the suitable building batteries kept on standby to provide electrical control power and/or an energy market product.
- the step of activating a second group of building batteries from the first group of building batteries can either include all building batteries of the first group - then the first group corresponds exactly to the second group in terms of quantity - or form the second group as a subset of the first group.
- process parameters are sent to at least the building batteries in the second group, which define when and to what extent these building batteries change their power output in response to a trigger signal to provide control power and/or an energy market product.
- the process step of providing power is only realized with the triggered change in the power output of a triggered electrical power unit.
- the process parameters used are threshold values for the grid frequency deviation, above or below which the aggregated and activated building batteries and the slow technical power units intervene in the process by changing their power output.
- the threshold values transmitted for activation can be used homogeneously for all building batteries or heterogeneously for different subgroups of the building batteries. Regardless of whether there is a homogeneous or heterogeneous threshold value distribution, all building batteries are equally activated. However, they differ from one another in terms of different threshold values. The different threshold values influence when the building batteries are triggered to change their electrical power turnover in order to provide control power and/or to provide an energy market product.
- the trigger signal can be sent in particular by a control system located in the building network, for example the energy flow control system present there, if the threshold values of the grid frequency deviation set to activate the building batteries or other electrical power units are exceeded or undercut during a local measurement in the building network.
- this signal can also be transmitted by a centralized control system.
- the trigger signal can also be sent directly by a central control instance without the threshold value comparison being carried out.
- the aggregation process step and/or the activation process step preferably also includes slow electrical power units, provided they are present in the respective building networks of the first group or the second group.
- the slow technical power units are also aggregated together with building batteries in the first group from the start and are activated in the second group completely or as a subset of the first group.
- the provision of a changed power turnover will be delayed or will take place at a later point in time if the higher grid frequency deviation thresholds are exceeded.
- the determination of the grid frequency deviation takes place locally in all or the majority of the aggregated building networks.
- the local building network control then triggers its activated building battery and/or its activated slow electrical power unit when the grid frequency deviation thresholds specified by the activation are exceeded in magnitude.
- Such a delocalized control system has a higher resilience to external manipulation attempts in the form of cyber attacks compared to a centralized control system.
- the replacement of building batteries takes place when the required electrical power is provided by slow electrical power units from the same building network to which the building battery is connected.
- the replacement of the building battery power provision by the slow electrical power unit takes place behind the same network connection point in the same building network. This makes it easier to control and regulate than if there is a clear spatial separation in the transmission network between the building battery to be replaced and the slow electrical power unit used.
- a preferred development of the method is that the use of slow electrical power units and the replacement of building batteries when the required power is provided by the slow electrical power units used during the provision of the required electrical power takes place permanently or periodically. It is also advantageous if the aggregation and activation of the building batteries to provide the required electrical power takes place permanently or periodically and newly activated building batteries also replace activated building batteries that have already been used to provide power when the required electrical power is provided.
- the method is particularly preferably designed to use a large number of slow electrical power units in the form of battery-electric vehicles with EV batteries.
- Many EV batteries have an energy capacity almost ten times higher than building batteries.
- they are among the slow electrical power units with a comparatively high latency time. The reasons for this lie in particular with the manufacturers of battery-electric vehicles.
- the EV batteries represent significant and at the same time slow electrical power units in the sense of the definitions of this invention made in the introduction to the description. However, their electrical power potential can be used to provide the required electrical power by interacting with the fast building batteries.
- An advantageous development of the method using battery-electric vehicles is characterized in that a charging current is monitored in the battery-electric vehicles to ensure that it drops in a specific way, which characterizes the event of the achievement of a full charge of the associated EV battery, wherein in response to such a determined event the associated battery-electric vehicle is replaced by other electrical power units if it has contributed to providing the required electrical power up to the determined event, or the associated battery-electric vehicle is marked as not currently available to receive electrical power.
- a slow electrical power unit that makes its contribution to the required electrical power is replaced at short notice by the building battery or other electrical power units of the same building network or alternatively replaced by a building battery or other electrical power units that are each located in other building networks.
- the battery-electric vehicles contribute their share to providing the required electrical power exclusively by consuming electrical power to charge the EV batteries and/or by not consuming power to charge the EV batteries, but not by outputting power from the EV batteries into the transmission network.
- the EV batteries of the battery-electric vehicles are therefore only charged unidirectionally. From the perspective of the transmission networks, they then represent significant electrical power units in the form of comparatively high loads. This means that there are no measurement-related challenges that would have to be metrologically used, for example, to reliably prevent green electricity generated locally in the building, which was previously charged into the EV battery, from now being fed into the transmission network.
- the method according to the invention can also be carried out in the bi-directional operation of battery-electric vehicles.
- a working number of battery-electric vehicles to be charged from the transmission network is determined and formed, whereby this working number defines a maximum possible electrical power consumption from the transmission network and, in the absence of relevant network frequency fluctuations and/or absence of requests for an energy market product, an average electrical power consumption of the working number of battery-electric vehicles in the range of 40% to 60% of the maximum possible electrical power consumption is set as the working point by the working number of battery-electric vehicles.
- each of the EV batteries belonging to the working number of battery-electric vehicles to be charged from the transmission network is controlled in a state that is selected from the state group consisting of: - no electrical power consumption from the transmission network,
- the operating point for the EV batteries can be set from which control power to stabilize the transmission network and/or electrical power for an energy market product is provided if required.
- the decisive factor here is that the operating point can be set up in such a way that this charging or non-charging behavior is predictable over a short period (a few minutes) for at least some of the EV batteries. It depends on economic considerations whether, for example, non-charging EV batteries are kept ready for charging, only EV batteries that are already charging can be switched off, some or all of the batteries are only charged with a reduced charging current, or a more or less balanced approach is chosen between charging and non-charging batteries. Predictability over at least
- the method therefore preferably provides that the predicted, maximum possible electrical power consumption of the number of working EV batteries is guaranteed for a period of at least 90 seconds in the future.
- a network frequency fluctuation is "relevant" in the sense of the present invention if, from the perspective of the transmission system operator, it requires the use of control power, preferably primary control power.
- a current state of charge of the respective EV batteries of previously known total charging capacity is determined with the following, temporally preceding analysis steps of a preceding charging process as follows:
- the method is advantageously characterized in that a statistical analysis of a weekday and time-dependent user behavior of the accredited battery-electric vehicle (BEV) is carried out from a large number of charging processes analyzed in this way in order to determine the state of charge of the EV battery including an error value and the probable charging time solely depending on the date and time of the start of charging. If the statistical analysis has been carried out for a sufficient number of charging processes, user-specific statistics are produced which allow forecasts for the current state of charge depending solely on the time of day and date. This has to do with the users' habits. Due to the events they repeat at work and in their free time, users have regularly recurring mobility needs which often repeat themselves weekly, for example.
- BEV battery-electric vehicle
- the composition of the aggregated and activated building batteries and the slow electrical power units is regularly recalculated and optimized.
- the use of the building batteries and, in the preferred case, the EV batteries to provide the required electrical power turnover continues to preferably only take place over a period of a few minutes.
- the building batteries and EV batteries switch to those that were not previously used but were prioritized on the constantly recalculated selection list. This is intended to prevent a large number of EV batteries from simultaneously and unexpectedly ending their charging process and then having to be replaced. The necessary process of replacing electrical power units of all types is stabilized by this procedure.
- the preceding method with the statistical analysis is also advantageously designed in such a way that the analysis steps of the charging processes and/or the statistical analysis of the charging processes are carried out locally in an energy flow control system of the building network and the results obtained from this are stored locally.
- This functionality means that the knowledge about the user-specific consumption profiles is localized in the building network.
- the energy flow controls within the building networks can continue to work completely or at least partially autonomously with the user profiles stored there for a certain period of time.
- the method is advantageously further developed with regard to statistical analysis in such a way that the results of the statistical analysis of the user behavior depending on the day of the week and time of day, the state of charge of the EV batteries and the probable charging time are used to determine an operating point for providing the required electrical power using a working number of battery-electric vehicles.
- the total EV battery power turnover in a future period can be forecast from the sum of all user-specific statistics determined, together with the associated error.
- the total EV battery power turnover represents their contribution to the electrical power to be provided and the associated error determines the necessary reserve that must therefore be kept in order to be able to guarantee the required electrical power despite deviations.
- a further advantageous development of the method is characterized by the fact that the statistically determined parameters such as the state of charge and probable charging time of the EV batteries are completely or partially replaced by concrete queries of these parameters from the users of accredited battery-electric vehicles.
- the query required for this is made to the user via digital end devices. The user can use these to specify at what point in the future the EV battery belonging to the vehicle what state of charge it should have.
- the user Based on the input in the query, the user also gives his consent for the battery-electric vehicle to be used within a defined framework for the method according to the invention.
- this state of charge can be determined as an estimate from the statistical user-specific analyses - it can be determined for each battery-electric vehicle when charging can begin at the earliest and when it must begin at the latest.
- An algorithm then distributes the determined charging times for each battery-electric vehicle more or less evenly.
- the algorithm also plans the operating point formed by the sum of the EV batteries over a certain time interval of, for example, four, eight or more hours. This corresponds to the currently relevant time periods that transmission system operators in Germany require for the provision of control power. However, a reduction of these time periods to less than 60 minutes is being discussed.
- Various, particularly economic, incentives are offered to the user for the information to be provided by the user.
- the slow technical units are only used above a defined grid frequency deviation threshold. These can either be selected in such a way that inclusion allows longer latency times (for example, with grid frequency deviations of more than 50 mHz, preferably more than 100 mHz), makes the use of the slow TE a rare event, or directs excess energy from the grid directly into the EV batteries through frequent charging in the negative range by controlling charging processes asymmetrically. Further features and advantages of the method according to the invention are illustrated in connection with the figures of an embodiment described below.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation for the overall explanation of the functional principle of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the use of primary control power to stabilize the grid frequency of a transmission network on a time axis
- Figure 3 shows an enlarged time section marked III in Figure 2.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the components that are used for the method according to the invention for providing electrical control power for stabilizing an electrical transmission network N and/or for providing an energy market product.
- Each of the buildings shown acts as a reserve unit RE1, RE2...REn and comprises a large number of electrical power units within its respective building network G, which is connected to the transmission network N in a defined manner via an associated network connection point P.
- the reserve unit RE1 is shown enlarged as an example in Fig. 1 and shows several electrical power units in its building network G1.
- This large number of electrical power units TE1, TE2...TEm which are also referred to as technical units, consists on the one hand of the group of significant electrical power units with an electrical power turnover of more than or equal to two kilowatts each.
- small electrical power units are present in the building network G1 of the reserve unit RE1. These each have an electrical power turnover of less than two kilowatts. Furthermore, the electrical power units TE1, TE2...TEm can be differentiated with regard to their latency times. In the context of the present invention, electrical power units are considered slow if they have a latency time of more than two seconds in order to realize a significant change in their electrical power turnover. For the definition of the latency time, the power turnover and a "significant" change in the power turnover, reference is made to the explanations in the introduction to the description.
- Each of the reserve units RE1, RE2...REn has a significant power unit in the form of a building battery B and an electrical power unit in the form of an energy generation system PV in its building network. These electrical power units are shown separately as components of the respective building network alongside the other electrical power units in the form of the technical units TE1, TE2...TEm.
- the energy generation system PV preferably generates renewable energy and is usually implemented as a photovoltaic system. However, a wind turbine, a hydroelectric plant, a biogas plant with a combined heat and power plant, a fuel cell, an emergency power generator and combinations of these energy generation systems would also be possible.
- an energy flow control EFS is set up and designed in such a way that it controls and regulates the energy flows between the energy generation system PV, the technical units TE1, TE2...TEm, the building battery B and the transmission network N in a guideline-compliant and cost-optimized manner for the benefit of a user/owner of the building network N.
- the reserve units RE1, RE2...REn have at least one so-called "slow" significant power unit BEV in their building networks G1, G2...Gn. This has a latency time of more than two seconds to realize a significant change in its power turnover. This includes a change in power turnover of more than 25%.
- the building network G of the reserve unit RE1 is connected to the transmission network N of a transmission network operator via a smart meter SM and an associated smart meter gateway SMGW, which must be certified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) applicable in Germany.
- BSI Federal Office for Information Security
- any form of recording electrical power that supports direct marketing via the transmission network N is also suitable.
- the detailed representation corresponding to the first reserve unit RE1 would show the building network G2 with electrical power units TE1 to TEm, a building battery B, an energy generation system PV and an energy flow control system EFS.
- a further connection establishes a connection between the reserve group RE1 and the Internet 1 via a DSL line.
- reserve units RE1, RE2...REn are in packet-switched data exchange with a control system S via their respective connection to the Internet 1.
- the control system S forms a data gateway between the Internet 1 and a process network 2 of a transmission system operator.
- the so-called customer premises equipment CPE is arranged in the process network 2. From the perspective of the process network 2 of the transmission system operator, the large number of clustered reserve units RE1, RE2...REn connected to the control system S acts like a large reserve unit in terms of performance, which is referred to as a reserve group RG.
- This reserve group RG can be operated as a virtual power plant VPP on the process network 2 side, for example to provide control power for a transmission system operator to stabilize the frequency of the transmission network N and/or an energy market product via the transmission network N.
- VPP virtual power plant
- the transition from the domain of the Internet 1 into the domain of the specially secured process network 2 of the transmission system operator is carried out by a media break implemented in hardware in the control system S. This is implemented by using a serial interface between the incoming packet-switched data communication and the outgoing packet-switched data communication and is visualized purely schematically by the double arrow.
- the preferred variant of the method described here as an example provides, based on the scenario shown in Figure 1, which is carried out as method step M1, a determination M1 of a network frequency deviation in the transmission network N and/or a request signal for an energy market product. This determination can be carried out both centrally by the control system S and/or delocalized by each reserve unit.
- Further method steps include: aggregation M2 of a first group of building batteries, which corresponds to a first group of building networks, and a method step in the form of activation M3 of a second group of building batteries B, which are selected from the first group of building networks.
- This second group is a subset or the entire set of the existing reserve units RE1 to REn.
- Each of these reserve units has a building battery B, which can act as a significant power unit with a latency of no more than two seconds on the transmission network N.
- the method step of activation M3 thus takes place within this latency.
- the method step of determining M1 the network frequency deviation can take place before, between, during and after the method steps of aggregation M2 and activation M3 of the building batteries B.
- the aggregation and activation of building batteries is preferably accompanied by the aggregation and activation of slow electrical power units BEV.
- the next step in the process, M4 is to provide the required electrical power using the second group of building batteries B for the equal to the determined grid frequency deviation using control power and/or to provide the requested energy market product.
- the further method step consists in inserting M5 a plurality of slow electrical power units BEV within the group of building networks in such a way that the slow technical units BEV replace at least a portion of building batteries from the second group of building batteries B in providing the required electrical power by changing their electrical power conversion.
- the fast, significant electrical power units in the form of the building batteries B thus step in first, only to be replaced in whole or in part by the slow electrical power units. In this way, the amount of power turnover change that is used for control power and/or an energy market product can be significantly increased.
- the scenario described below is that the slow electrical power units BEV are each significant electrical power units in the form of battery electric vehicles with EV batteries, which are connected to the respective building networks G1...Gn via charging devices.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the use of control power in the form of primary control power PFCR to stabilize the network frequency fc of a transmission network N on a time axis t.
- the time axis t is horizontal shown.
- the primary control power PFCR is shown vertically on the right-hand side of the diagram between a positive primary control power of +2 MW and a negative primary control power of -2 MW, and the grid frequency fc is shown between 49.8 Hz and 50.2 Hz on the left-hand side of the diagram. If the grid frequency is exactly 50.0 Hz, no control power is required. However, due to the system, this is not a permanently stable state for the transmission grid N.
- the solid line shows the oscillating course of the grid frequency around the desired, ideal 50.0 Hz.
- This frequency curve follows the dashed control power curve with a time offset of around two seconds, which is achieved in the grid frequency band between 50.1 Hz and 49.9 Hz exclusively through the use of building batteries B to provide primary control power.
- slow significant power units in the form of EV batteries of battery-electric vehicles (BEV) are used in addition to the building batteries B to provide the required primary control power.
- BEV battery-electric vehicles
- the amount of the grid frequency deviation from which slow significant power units are also used to provide primary control power and thus subsequently also serve the grid has been selected as 0.1 Hz in this example.
- this threshold can be above or below this value, depending on the respective circumstances.
- FIG 3 shows an enlarged time section, which is marked with III in Figure 2 and in which, in addition to the building batteries B, battery-electric vehicles BEV are also used as slow significant power units in order to use primary control power in this preferred embodiment.
- the solid line of the grid frequency falls below 50.0 Hz and, for example, with a latency time of less than two seconds, building batteries B are aggregated and activated in order to provide positive primary control power PFCR ZU.
- the aggregation and activation However, the building batteries B can also be activated earlier. Only afterwards or during aggregation and activation is the grid frequency deviation determined and the control power provided in response.
- the primary control power PFCR provided by the building batteries B alone is not sufficient to increase the grid frequency back towards the desired 50 Hz.
- the grid frequency fc continues to fall and falls below 49.9 Hz, so that additional aggregated and activated building batteries (shown in dotted lines) and, in parallel, also aggregated and activated, slow significant power units BEV (shown in hatched lines) are used to provide positive control power.
- additional aggregated and activated building batteries shown in dotted lines
- also aggregated and activated, slow significant power units BEV shown in hatched lines
- this does not happen by the EV batteries of the battery-electric vehicles BEV supplying electrical power to the transmission grid N, but rather by the fact that in the present exemplary embodiment, purely as an example, around 50 slow significant power units BEV are throttled with regard to their electrical power consumption from the transmission grid N. This ensures that the grid frequency fc increases again.
- the number of activated building batteries B can initially be reduced.
- the grid frequency fc then drops so sharply that a large number of fast building batteries B are used again in addition to the 50 EV batteries BEV used.
- a further 50 activated EV batteries BEV are used, so that a total of 100 EV batteries BEV are used.
- the number of building batteries B used can be significantly reduced.
- the number of EV batteries BEV used is also reduced from 100 to 50, and if the grid frequency fc continues to rise, the 50 activated EV batteries BEV that are still in use are also deactivated.
- BEV EV batteries
- PFCR control power in particular primary control power to stabilize the transmission network
- BEV slow electric power unit especially battery electric vehicle
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023100780.7A DE102023100780A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-01-13 | Verfahren zum Erbringen elektrischer Regelleistung für eine Stabilisierung eines elektrischen Übertragungsnetzes und/oder zum Erbringen eines Energiemarktproduktes |
| PCT/EP2024/050558 WO2024149830A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-11 | Verfahren zum erbringen elektrischer regelleistung für eine stabilisierung eines elektrischen übertragungsnetzes und/oder zum erbringen eines energiemarktproduktes |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4649567A1 true EP4649567A1 (de) | 2025-11-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24700430.2A Pending EP4649567A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-11 | Verfahren zum erbringen elektrischer regelleistung für eine stabilisierung eines elektrischen übertragungsnetzes und/oder zum erbringen eines energiemarktproduktes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4649567A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026503457A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2024207612A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023100780A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024149830A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015019184A2 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Systemex-Energies International Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the power supply from an electric vehicle to a dwelling or to an ac power distribution network |
| DE102016206256A1 (de) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | LichtBlick SE | Virtuelle Poolbatterie |
| DE102017205968A1 (de) * | 2017-04-07 | 2018-10-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Koordinieren eines Leistungsaustauschs zwischen einer Vielzahl von technischen Kleineinheiten und einem elektrischen Übertragungsnetz |
| EP3741024A1 (de) * | 2018-01-16 | 2020-11-25 | sonnen eServices GmbH | Steuerungssystem, verwendung des steuerungssystems und steuerungsverfahren |
| DE102019101082A1 (de) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-16 | sonnen GmbH | Computer-Programmprodukt zum Auslesen von Status-Daten elektrischer Leistungseinheiten, Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Regelleistung und/oder zur Eigenverbrauchsoptimierung und elektrischer Energiespeicher |
| DE102019119082B3 (de) | 2019-07-15 | 2020-12-24 | Sonnen Eservices Gmbh | Steuerungsverfahren zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Regelleistung für Übertragungsnetze und/oder eines elektrischen Energiemarktproduktes |
| DE102019127054A1 (de) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-08 | EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG | Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer elektrischen Versorgungsgröße in einem elektrischen Versorgungssystem und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| JP7480719B2 (ja) * | 2021-01-28 | 2024-05-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | サーバ、電力管理システム、及びエネルギーマネジメント方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-01-13 DE DE102023100780.7A patent/DE102023100780A1/de active Granted
-
2024
- 2024-01-11 EP EP24700430.2A patent/EP4649567A1/de active Pending
- 2024-01-11 WO PCT/EP2024/050558 patent/WO2024149830A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-11 AU AU2024207612A patent/AU2024207612A1/en active Pending
- 2024-01-11 JP JP2025541018A patent/JP2026503457A/ja active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2026503457A (ja) | 2026-01-29 |
| DE102023100780A1 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
| AU2024207612A1 (en) | 2025-07-24 |
| WO2024149830A1 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
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