EP4648881A1 - Procédé et appareil de séparation membranaire d'un mélange contenant majoritairement de l'hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil de séparation membranaire d'un mélange contenant majoritairement de l'hydrogène et du dioxyde de carboneInfo
- Publication number
- EP4648881A1 EP4648881A1 EP24700030.0A EP24700030A EP4648881A1 EP 4648881 A1 EP4648881 A1 EP 4648881A1 EP 24700030 A EP24700030 A EP 24700030A EP 4648881 A1 EP4648881 A1 EP 4648881A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- residue
- pressure
- mixture
- carbon dioxide
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/225—Multiple stage diffusion
- B01D53/226—Multiple stage diffusion in serial connexion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7025—Methane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the membrane separation of a mixture containing mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide and in addition at least one other component chosen from carbon monoxide, methane and nitrogen.
- the at least one other component which may be nitrogen, carbon monoxide or methane, constitutes at most 30 mol% of the mixture, preferably at most 20 mol% of the mixture.
- the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) by a partial distillation and/or condensation process supplied by a waste gas from a hydrogen (H2) production unit comprising a hydrogen separation unit by adsorption with pressure switch (in English “Pressure Swing Adsorption” or PSA) is known.
- the waste gas is depleted in hydrogen compared to the gas supplying this separation unit.
- the separation unit can be combined with membrane separation of the carbon dioxide-depleted gas produced by the distillation and/or partial condensation process. This membrane separation aims to separate the CO2 and H2 from the rest of the gases in two stages.
- the permeate of a first membrane system is recycled to the PSA, while the permeate of a second membrane system, supplied by the residue of the first system, is returned to the compression of the feed gas upstream of the separation by distillation and/or by partial condensation to be compressed.
- the residue of the membrane systems is still under pressure.
- the waste gas obtained under pressure is expanded in two turbines in series.
- the cold fluid leaving the two turbines can be sent to the cryogenic process to utilize its cold.
- These two turbines in series possibly make it possible to drive two boosters in series.
- These two boosters can make it possible to lower the pressure of the permeate of the first membrane while by being able to recycle it to a PSA which is at a higher pressure.
- the hot gas leaving the second booster can pass through the heat exchanger to exchange its heat.
- the invention makes it possible to maximize the energy extracted by turbines by taking advantage of the available heat, for example that produced by boosters.
- the process is thus more energy efficient because it uses heat, for example that produced by compression and typically dissipated in cooling water.
- the invention also makes it possible to obtain higher CO2 and hydrogen capture yields because it makes it possible to reduce the pressure of the permeate of the first membrane.
- the invention makes it possible to control the risk of CO2 freezing at the outlet of the turbines.
- US2011/138852 describes a process in which a feed flow and a gas formed by partially condensing the feed flow are sent to a cryogenic membrane, after having heated and then cooled the gas to a temperature between 5 and -60° VS..
- a process for membrane separation of a mixture containing mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as at least one more minor compound such as carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen comprising the following steps: i) Heating the mixture in a heat exchanger to a first temperature ii) Permeation of the heated mixture in a first membrane system, without having cooled the heated mixture or having mixed it with another fluid, making it possible to obtain a first permeate loaded with hydrogen and carbon dioxide relative to the mixture and a first residue depleted in hydrogen and carbon dioxide relative to the mixture iii) Permeation of the first residue in a second membrane system making it possible to obtain a second permeate loaded with hydrogen and carbon dioxide compared to the first residue and a second residue depleted in hydrogen and carbon dioxide compared to the first residue iv) Relaxation of the second residue at a first pressure in a first turbine in order to obtain a second residue at a second pressure characterized in that it comprises v) Heating at least part of the second residue at
- the temperature of the second residue is regulated at the first pressure to maintain the temperature of the second residue at the second pressure above -80°C, preferably above -60°C or even above -55°C to avoid the risks of freeze.
- the first permeate is compressed in at least one booster and the first superpressed permeate cools in the heat exchanger.
- the first permeate is compressed in two boosters in series, including one booster coupled to the first turbine and the other booster coupled to the second turbine.
- the outlet of the first turbine is at a temperature lower than 40°C, preferably lower than -20°C, preferably lower than -20°C, or even lower than - 40°C.
- the first pressure is between 45 and 60 bara and/or the second pressure is between 15 and 25 bara and/or the third pressure is between 2 and 4.5 bara.
- an apparatus for membrane separation of a mixture containing mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as at least one more minor compound such as carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen comprising: a heat exchanger, means for sending a mixture to heat in a heat exchanger up to a first temperature, a first membrane system, a second membrane system, a first turbine, means for sending only of the warmed mixture separate by permeation in the first membrane system making it possible to obtain a first permeate loaded with hydrogen and carbon dioxide relative to the mixture and a first residue depleted in hydrogen and carbon dioxide relative to the mixture, no means for cooling the heated mixture in upstream of the first membrane system, means for sending the first residue to separate by permeation in the second membrane system making it possible to obtain a second permeate loaded with hydrogen and carbon dioxide relative to the first residue and a second residue depleted in hydrogen and dioxide of carbon relative to the first residue, means for sending the second residue to relax up to a first pressure in the first turbine in order to obtain a second residue
- the invention consists of a mode of implementation:
- the first pressure at the inlet of the first turbine is preferably between 45 bara and 60 bar while the second pressure at the outlet of this first turbine is between 15 bara and 25 bara depending on the type of machine.
- the temperature of the gas at the inlet of the first turbine is preferably between 50°C and 90°C.
- the gas leaving the first turbine is preferably at a temperature between -30°C and 40°C. A fraction of this gas (between 15% and 100% depending on the desired performance) is sent to the heat exchanger and/or to the partial condensation and/or distillation unit to be reheated.
- This fraction preferably passes through the entire exchanger to the hot end to preferably reach a temperature between 50°C and 100°C. This allows, after re-mixing, to obtain temperatures between 30°C and 100°C at the entrance to the the second turbine.
- the third pressure is preferably between 2 bara and 4.5 bara.
- This arrangement makes it possible to recover more energy at the expansion level by having the hottest gas possible at the entrance to the second turbine. No external heat supply is necessary because the system has excess heat. In this case, the heat is produced by the boosters.
- the fraction sent through the heat exchanger is equal to 100% and the temperature of the gas at the inlet of the second turbine is the hottest temperature obtained by exchange through the heat exchanger c' that is to say the temperature of the hot gas leaving the second booster minus the approach in the exchanger.
- This temperature is preferably between 50°C and 100°C.
- the first pressure between the two turbines can be chosen in such a way that the temperature at the outlet of the first turbine is cryogenic, that is to say preferably lower than -20°C and more preferably lower than - 40°C.
- This residue, expanded for the first time, is therefore sent to the heat exchanger and/or to the partial condensation and/or distillation unit so that the frigories are recovered.
- the residue comes out at the hot end of the main exchange line at room temperature.
- the expansion in the second turbine can then be done in the different ways described above. In order to obtain cryogenic temperatures at the outlet of the two turbines, it is also possible to cool the residue a little before entering the first turbine.
- FIG.1 represents a process according to a variant of the invention.
- FIG.1 shows a membrane separation process.
- the gas to be separated is produced by separating by distillation and/or partial condensation a feed gas containing mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as at least one more minor compound such as carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen.
- This feed gas is a waste gas from a PSA producing hydrogen from a synthesis gas produced by a reformer, for example by steam reforming (SMR).
- the gas mixture 1 can be a gas from a phase separator of a partial condensation process and/or an overhead gas from a distillation column, the separator phases and/or the column forming part of an apparatus operating at below 0°C to separate the feed gas.
- the gas mixture 1 mainly contains hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as at least one more minor compound such as carbon monoxide, methane and nitrogen.
- This mixture 1 is reheated in a heat exchanger E, passing from the hot end to the cold end, and is separated in a first membrane system M1 to form a first permeate P1 and a first residue R1.
- the first permeate P1 is sent at least a part to cool in the heat exchanger E and then is compressed in two boosters in series C2, C1 and the first superpressured permeate is sent to cool in the heat exchanger E before be sent as feed gas to the PSA to recover the hydrogen it contains.
- a part B3 of the first permeate P1 can bypass the exchanger E and be sent directly from the membrane system M1 without having been cooled, the valve V3 being open.
- part B2 of the first pressurized permeate can bypass exchanger E and be sent directly to the PSA without having been cooled, valve V2 being open. In both cases, this makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the fluid 3 and by extension that of the permeate P1 and the residue R1.
- the first residue R1 coming from the first membrane system M1 is separated in the second membrane system M2 forming a second permeate P2 and a second residue R2.
- the second permeate P2 cools in the heat exchanger E and is separated in a separation apparatus by partial condensation and/or distillation which produces the mixture 1.
- the second residue R2 leaves the second membrane system M2 at between 45 and 60 bara and between 50 and 90°C. Then it is expanded in a first turbine T1 to produce a flow rate of between 15 and 25 bara.
- the temperature of the first expanded residue does not exceed 40°C, preferably below 0°C, or otherwise below -20°C, or even below -40°C.
- the second expanded residue is sent at least partly to heat up in the exchanger E by being sent to the cold end to exit at the hot end at a temperature between 50 and 100°C.
- Between 15 and 100% of the second residue expanded in the first temperature heats up in exchanger E.
- a part can bypass exchanger E and join the rest of the second residue expanded via a bypass pipe B1 without having been heated, valve V1 being open.
- valve V1 being open.
- the gas expanded in the turbine T2 is at between 2 and 4.5 bara and at a temperature preferably lower than -45°C but higher than -55°C and is sent to bring cold to the separation by partial condensation and/or distillation.
- This gas R2 expanded in the two turbines T1, T2 can be used to regenerate the dryers upstream of the cold separation.
- the permeation of the heated mixture 1 in the first membrane system M1 makes it possible to obtain a first permeate P1 depleted in the other compound which is more minor compared to the mixture and a first residue R1 enriched in the other compound which is more minor compared to the mixture.
- the permeation of the first residue R1 in the second membrane system M2 makes it possible to obtain a second permeate P2 depleted in the other more minor compound compared to the first residue and a second residue R2 enriched in the other more minor compound compared to the first residue.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2300298A FR3144928A1 (fr) | 2023-01-12 | 2023-01-12 | Procédé et appareil de séparation membranaire d’un mélange contenant majoritairement de l’hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone |
| PCT/EP2024/050439 WO2024149783A1 (fr) | 2023-01-12 | 2024-01-10 | Procédé et appareil de séparation membranaire d'un mélange contenant majoritairement de l'hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4648881A1 true EP4648881A1 (fr) | 2025-11-19 |
Family
ID=86007603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24700030.0A Pending EP4648881A1 (fr) | 2023-01-12 | 2024-01-10 | Procédé et appareil de séparation membranaire d'un mélange contenant majoritairement de l'hydrogène et du dioxyde de carbone |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4648881A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250137578A (fr) |
| FR (2) | FR3144928A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024149783A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2317539C (fr) * | 1998-01-08 | 2003-08-19 | Satish Reddy | Separation du dioxyde de carbone par autorefrigeration |
| FR2877939B1 (fr) * | 2004-11-16 | 2007-02-02 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation pour la production combinee d'hydrogene et de dioxyde de carbone |
| US8663364B2 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2014-03-04 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Étude et l'Éxploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Method of obtaining carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide-containing gas mixture |
| US8535638B2 (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2013-09-17 | Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. | Process for recovering hydrogen and carbon dioxide |
| FR3052684A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-22 | L'air Liquide Sa Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Appareil et procede de separation de co2 a basse temperature comprenant une etape de separation par permeation |
-
2023
- 2023-01-12 FR FR2300298A patent/FR3144928A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-10 EP EP24700030.0A patent/EP4648881A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-01-10 KR KR1020257022954A patent/KR20250137578A/ko active Pending
- 2024-01-10 WO PCT/EP2024/050439 patent/WO2024149783A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-25 FR FR2400706A patent/FR3145100B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3144928A1 (fr) | 2024-07-19 |
| FR3145100B1 (fr) | 2025-05-16 |
| KR20250137578A (ko) | 2025-09-18 |
| FR3145100A1 (fr) | 2024-07-26 |
| WO2024149783A1 (fr) | 2024-07-18 |
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